1. Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study
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Kirmeier E. a, Eriksson L. I. c, Lewald H. a, Jonsson Fagerlund, M. c Hoeft, A. f Hollmann, M. g Meistelman, C. e Hunter, J. M. d Ulm, K. b Blobner, M. aEmail Author, Abad Gurumeta, A. Abernethy, C. Abigail, P. Achaibar, K. Adam, E. Afshari, Agudelo Montoya, M. E. Akgün, F. N. Aletti, G. Alkış, N. Allan, K. Allan, A. Allaouchiche, B. Allcock, C. Almasy, E. Amey, I. Amigoni, M. Andersen, E. Andersson, P. Anipchenko, N. Antunes, P. Armstrong, E. Aslam, T. N. Aslin, B. Assunção, J. P. Ausserer, J. Avvai, M. Awad, Ayas Montero, B. Ayuso, M. Azevedo, P. Badarau, V. Badescu, Baiardo Redaelli, M. Baird, C. Baird, Y. Baker, T. Balaji, P. Bălan, C. Balandin, A. Balescu-Arion, C. Baliuliene, Baltasar Isabel, J. Baluch, S. N. Bandrabur, D. Bankewitz, C. Barber, K. Barbera, F. Barcraft-Barnes, H. Barletti, V. Barnett, G. Baron, K. Barros, A. Barsan, V. Bartlett, P. Batistaki, C. Baumgarten, G. Baytas, V. Beauchamp, Becerra Cayetano, I. A. Bell, S. Bellandi, M. Belletti, Belmonte Cuenca, J. Benitez-Cano, A. Beretta, L. Berger, M. Bergmann, N. Bergmark, Bermudez Lopez, M. Bernotaite, M. Beurskens, C. Bidd, H. Bifulco, F. Bignami, E. Bilic, A. Bilskiene, D. Bischoff, P. Bishop, L. Bjonness, T. Blaylock, H. Blethyn, K. Blincoe, T. Blokhin, I. Blunt, N. Boer, C. Bois, G. Bonicolini, E. Booth, J. Borecka-Kedzierska, M. Borstnar, K. Borys, M. Boselli, E. Bouvet, L. Bouwman, A. Bowen, L. Bowrey, S. Boxall, L. Božić, T. Bradley, T. Branco, T. Brazzi, L. Brazzoni, M. Brear, T. Brogly, N. Brohi, F. Broms, J. Bubliauskas, A. Bucolo, G. E. Buerkle, H. Buggy, D. Buhre, W. Bukauskas, T. Butturini, F. Byttner, Cabrera Díaz, I. Calderon, A. Calhau, R. Callejo, A. Cammu, G. Campesato, M. Can, Ö. S. Candeias, M. Cantor, A. Carise, E. Carmona, C. Carreteiro, J. Carrieri, C. Carter, A. Casal, M. Casanova, I. Cascella, M. Casero, L. M. Casiraghi, G. M. Castelo-Branco, Castro Arranz, C. Cernea, D. D. Cervantes, J. Chandler, B. Charnock, R. Chatzimicali, A. Chinery, E. Chishti, A. Chondhury, P. Christie, E. Christodoudiles, G. Ciardo, S. Cimpeanu, L. Cindea, I. Cinnella, G. Clark, S. Clayton, M. Cocu, S. Collyer, T. Colvin, C. Cope, S. Copeta, F. Copotoiu, S. -M., Correia de Barros, F. Corso, R. M. Cortegiani, A. Costa, G. Cowton, A. Cox, N. Craig, J. Cricca, V. Cronin, J. Cunha, M. Cuomo, A. Curley, K. Czuczwar, M. Dabrowska, D. Damster, Danguy des Déserts, M. Daniliuc, A. Danninger, T. Darwish, I. Dascalu, C. Davies, K. Davies, De Boer, De Flaviis, De Selincourt, G. Deana, C. Debaene, B. Debreceni, G. Dedhia, Delgado Garcia, Della Rocca, G. Delroy-Buelles, L. Desai, T. Dhillon, Di Giacinto, Di Mauro, Diaz Gomez, T. V. Dimitrovski, A. Dinic, V. Dîrzu, D. -S., Divander M. B., Dolinar J., Domingues S., Doolan J., Downes C., Dragoescu N. A., Droc G., Dum E., Dumitrescu A., Duncan L., Dzurňáková P., Eberl S., Edwards J., Edwards M., Ekelund K., Ekengren P., Elghouty E., Ellerkmann R., Ellis H., Elme A., Ernst T., Errando C. L., Estenes S., Ewaldsson C., Farid N., Featherstone J., Febres D., Fedorov S., Feggeler J., Feijten P., Fellmann T., Fernandez Candil, Fernandez Castineira, Fernández Castineira, J. Fernando, A. Ferrando, C. Ferreira, L. Ferreira, P. Feyling, A. Filipescu, D. Fleischer, A. Floris, L. Foerster, U. Fox, B. Franke, U. Frasca, D. Frey, C. Frost, V. Fullin, G. Fumagalli, J. Furneval, J. Fusari, M. Gallacher, S. Galushka, S. Gambale, G. Gambino, I. Garcia-Perez, M. L. Garg, S. Garlak, J. Gavranovic, Z. Gavrilov, R. Gaynor, Gecaj Gashi, A. Georghiou, M. Gerjevic, B. Gferer, G. Giarratano, A. Gibson, A. Gievski, V. Giles, J. Gillberg, L. Gilowska, Gilsanz Rodriguez, F. Gioia, A. Giovannoni, C. Girotra, V. Gkinas, D. Gkiokas, G. Godoroja, D. Goebel, U. Goel, V. Gonzalez, M. Goranovic, T. Gornik-Wlaszczuk, E. Gosavi, S. Gottfridsson, P. Gottschalk, A. Granell, M. Granstrom, A. Grassetto, A. Greenwood, A. Grigoras, I. Grintescu, I. Gritsan, A. Gritsan, G. Grynyuk, A. Guadagnin, G. M. Guarnieri, M. Güçlü, Guerrero Diez, M. Gunenc, F. Günther, U. Gupta, P. Guttenthaler, V. Hack, Y. Hafisayena, A. Hagau, N. Haldar, J. Hales, D. Hancı, V. Hanna-Jumma, S. Harazim, H. Harlet, P. Harper, D. Harris, B. Harvey, O. Hashimi, M. Hawkins, L. Hayes, C. Heaton, J. Heier, T. Helliwell, L. Hemmes, S. Henderson, K. Hermanides, J. Hermanns, Herrera Hueso, B. Hestenes, S. Hettiarachchi, R. Highgate, J. Hodgson, K. Hoelbling, D. Holland, J. Horhota, L. Hormis, A. Hribar, R. Hua, A. Humphreys, S. Humphries, R. Humpliková, S. Hunt, J. Husnain, A. Hussein, A. Hyams, B. Iannuccelli, F. Ilette, K. Ilyas, C. Inan, T. India, I. Ionițăv, V. Irwin, F. Jain, V. Janez, B. Jankovic, R. Jenkins, S. Jenko, M. Jimenez, Jiménez Gomez, B. Joachim, S. Joelsson-Alm, E. John, J. Jonikaite, L. Jovic, M. Jungwirth, B. Junke, E. Kabakov, B. Kadaoui, S. -D., Kanski A., Karadag S., Karbonskiene A., Karjagin J., Kasnik D., Katanolli F., Katsika E., Kaufmann K., Keane H., Kelly M., Kent M., Keraitiene G., Khudhur A., Khuenl-Brady K., Kidd L., King S., Kirchgäßner K., Klancir T., Klucniks A., Knotzer J., Knowlden P., Koers L., Kompan J., Koneti K. K., Kooij F., Koolen E., Koopman - van Gemert, A. W. M. M. Kopp, K. Korfiotis, D. Korolkov, O. Kosinová, M. Köstenberger, M. Kotzinger, O. Kovačević, M. Kranke, P. Kranke, E. Kraus, C. Kraus, S. Kubitzek, C. Kucharski, R. Kucukguclu, S. Kudrashou, A. Kumar, V. Kummen, L. Kunit, C. Kushakovsky, V. Kuvaki, B. Kuzmanovska, B. Kyttari, A. Landoni, G. Lau, G. Lazarev, K. Legett, S. Legrottaglie, A. M. Leonardi, S. Leong, M. Lercher, H. Leuvrey, M. Leva, B. Levstek, M. Limb, J. Lindholm, E. Linton, F. Liperi, C. Lipski, F. Lirk, P. Lisi, A. Lišková, Lluch Oltra, A. Loganathan, V. Lombardi, S. Lopez, Lopez Rodríguez, M. Lorenzini, L. Lowicka, M. Lugovoy, A. Luippold, M. Lumb, A. Macas, A. Macgregor, M. Machado, H. Maciariello, M. Madeira, I. Maitan, S. Majewski, J. Maldini, B. Malewski, G. Manfredini, L. Männer, O. Marchand, B. Marcu, A. Margalef, J. Margarson, M. Marinheiro, L. Markic, Markovic Bozic, J. Marrazzo, F. Martin, Martin Ayuso, M. Martinez, E. Martino, E. A. Martinson, V. Marusic-Gaser, K. Mascarenhas, C. Mathis, C. Matsota, P. Mavrommati, Mazul Sunko, B. McCourt, K. McGill, N. McKee, R. Meço, B. C. Meier, S. Melbourne, S. Melbybråthen, G. Meli, A. Melia, A. Melotti, R. M. Menga, M. R. Mercer, P. Merotra, S. Mescolini, S. Metterlein, T. Michalov, M. Michlig, S. Midgley, S. Milić, M. Milojevic, M. Miñana, A. Minto, G. Mirabella, L. Mirea, L. Mittelstädt, L. Moeglen, A. Moise, A. Mokini, Z. Molin, A. Moltó, L. Monea, M. C. Montalto, F. Montgomery, J. Montgomery, C. Montillo, G. Moore, S. Moore, F. Moreira, Z. Moreno, T. Moreno, R. Moret, E. Moreton, S. Morgan, Moro Velasco, C. Morri, D. Moull, A. Moura, F. Mráz, P. Mrozek, K. Mukhtar, K. Muniyappa, S. Murray, H. Murthy, B. V. Mushambi, M. Nadolski, M. Nardelli, P. Nardin, Navarro Pérez, R. Naveiro, A. Negri, Nesek Adam, V. Neskovic, V. Neuwersch, S. Neves, M. Nguyen, Ní Eochagáin, A. Nicholas, C. Nightingale, J. Norrie, K. Novak-Jankovic, V. Novakova, A. Novillo, M. Numan, S. Oduro-Dominah, L. Oldner, A. Oliveira, I. Ologoiu, D. Oloktsidou, I. O'Reilly, R. Orlando, A. Ovezov, A. Ozbilgin, S. Paal, Padin Barreiro, L. Palugniok, R. Papaioannou, A. Papapostolou, K. Paranthaman, Pardey Bracho, G. Parente, S. Parfeni, A. Pasin, L. Passey, S. Pastor, E. Patch, S. Patil, A. Paunescu, M. -A., Pehboeck D., Pereira M., Pereira C., Perez Caballero, Pérez García, Pérez Soto, Perez Tejero, G. Perez-Cerda, F. Pesenti, A. Petta, R. Philippe, S. Pickering, Pico Veloso, J. Pina, P. Pinho-Oliveira, V. Pinol, S. Pinto, R. Pistidda, L. Pitterle, M. Piwowarczyk, P. Plotnikova, O. Pohl, H. Poldermann, J. Polkovicová, L. Pompei, L. Popescu, M. Popović, Pota V, Potocnik M., Potręć B., Potter A., Pramod N., Prchalova M., Preckel B., Pugh R., Pulletz M., Radoeshki A., Rafi A., Ragazzi R., Raineri Santi, M. Rajamanickam, T. Rajput, Z. Ramachandran, R. Ramasamy, R. Ramessur, S. Rao, R. Rasmussen, A. Rato, A. Razaque, Real Navacerrada, M. I. Reavley, C. Reid, J. Reschreiter, H. Rial, Ribas Carrasco, P. Ribeiro, S. Rich, N. Richardson, L. Rimaitis, K. Rimaitis, M. Ringvold, E. -M., Ripke F., Ristescu I., Ritchie K., Ródenas F., Rodrigues P., Rogers E., Rogerson D., Romagnoli S., Romero E., Rondovic G., Rose B. O., Roth W., Rotter, M. -T., Rousseau G., Rudjord A., Rueffert H., Rundgren M., Rupprecht K., Rushton A., Russotto V., Rypulak E., Ryszka M., Sà J., Sà Couto, P. Saby, S. Sagic, J. Saleh, O. Sales, Sánchez Sánchez, Y. Sanghera, Şanli Karip, Santiveri Papiol, F. J. Santos, S. Sarno, S. Saul, D. Saunders, D. Savic, N. Scalco, L. Scanlon, D. Schaller, S. Schax, C. Scheffer, G. J. Schening, A. Schiavone, V. Schmidt-Ehrenberg, F. Schmidt-Mutter, C. Schönberg, C. Schopflin, C. Schreiber, J. -U., Schultz M., Schurig M., Scott C., Sebestian S., Sehgal S., Sem V., Semenas E., Serafini E., Serchan P., Shields M., Shobha R., Shosholcheva M., Siamansour T., Siddaiah N., Siddiqi K., Sinclair R., Singh P., Singh R., Sinha A., Skinner A., Smee E., Smekalova O., Smith N., Smith T., Smitz C., Smole D., Sojčić N., Soler Pedrola, M. Somanath, S. Sonksen, J. Sorella, M. C. Sörmus, A. Soro, M. Soto, C. Spada, A. Spadaro, S. Spaeth, J. Sparr, H. Spielmann, A. Spindler-Vesel, A. Stamelos, Stancombe L, L. Stanculescu, A. Standl, T. Standley, T. Stanek, O. Stanisavljević, S. Starczewska, M. Stäuble, C. Steen, J. Stefan, O. M. Stell, E. Stera, C. Stevens, M. Stoerckel, M. Stošić, B. Stourac, P. Stroumpoulis, K. Struck, Suarez de la Rica, A. Sultanpori, Sundara Rajan, R. Suying, O. Svensen, C. Swan, L. Syrogianni, P. Sysiak, J. Szederjesi, J. Taddei, Tan Hao, E. Tanou, V. Tarabová, Tardaguila Sancho, P. Tarroso, M. Tartaglione, M. Taylor, E. Tbaily, L. Telford, R. Terenzoni, M. Theodoraki, K. Thornley, H. Tiganiuc, L. Toim, H. Tomescu, D. Tommasino, C. Toni, J. Toninelli, A. Toretti, I. Townley, S. Trepenaitis, D. Trethowan, B. Tsaousi, G. Tsiftsi, A. Tudor, A. Turan, G. Turhan, S. Ç. Unic-Stojanovic, D. Unterbuchner, C. Unzueta, C. Uranjek, J. Ursic, T. Vaida, Valldeperas Ferrer, Valldeperas Hernandez, M. I. Valsamidis, Van Beek, Van dasselaer, Van Der Beek, Van Duivenvoorde, van Klei, W. A., Van Poorter, Van Zaane, Van Zundert, Van Zyl, Vargas Munoz, A. M. Varsani, N. Vasconcelos, P. Vassilakis, G. Vecchiatini, T. Vecera, L. Vercauteren, M. Verdouw, B. Verheyen, V. Verri, Vicari Sottosanti, L. G. Vico, Vidal Mitjans, P. Vilardi, A. Vissicchio, D. Vitale, G. Vitković, B. Vizcaychipi, M. P. Voicu, A. Voje, M. Volfová, I. Volta, C. A., Von Lutterotti, von Tiesenhausen, A. Vrecic-Slabe, S. Vukcevic, D. Vukovic, R. Vullo, P. A. Wade, A. Wallberg, H. Wallden, J. Wallner, Walther Sturesson, L. Watson, D. Weber, Wegiel Leskiewiq, A. Weller, D. Wensing, C. Werkmann, M. Westberg, H. Wikström, E. Williams, B. Wilson, R. Wirth, S. Wittmann, M. Wood, L. Wright, S. Zachoval, C. Zambon, M. Zampieri, S. Zampone, S. Zangrillo, A. Zani, G. Zavackiene, A. Zieglerder, R. Zonneveldt, H. Zsisku, L. Zucker, T. -P., Żukowski M., Zuleika M., Zupanĕiĕ D., Kirmeier, E. a., Eriksson, L. I. c., Lewald, H. a., Jonsson, Fagerlund, Hoeft, M. c., Hollmann, A. f., Meistelman, M. g., Hunter, C. e., Ulm, J. M. d., Blobner, K. b., M., aEmail Author, Abad, Gurumeta, A., Abernethy, C., Abigail, P., Achaibar, K., Adam, E., Afshari, Agudelo, Montoya, M. E., Akgün, F. N., Aletti, G., Alkış, N., Allan, K., Allan, A., Allaouchiche, B., Allcock, C., Almasy, E., Amey, I., Amigoni, M., Andersen, E., Andersson, P., Anipchenko, N., Antune, P., Armstrong, E., Aslam, T. N., Aslin, B., Assunção, J. P., Ausserer, J., Avvai, M., Awad, Ayas, Montero, B., Ayuso, M., Azevedo, P., Badarau, V., Badescu, Baiardo, Redaelli, M., Baird, C., Baird, Y., Baker, T., Balaji, P., Bălan, C., Balandin, A., Balescu-Arion, C., Baliuliene, Baltasar, Isabel, J., Baluch, S. N., Bandrabur, D., Bankewitz, C., Barber, K., Barbera, F., Barcraft-Barne, H., Barletti, V., Barnett, G., Baron, K., Barro, A., Barsan, V., Bartlett, P., Batistaki, C., Baumgarten, G., Bayta, V., Beauchamp, Becerra, Cayetano, I. A., Bell, S., Bellandi, M., Belletti, Belmonte, Cuenca, J., Benitez-Cano, A., Beretta, L., Berger, M., Bergmann, N., Bergmark, Bermudez, Lopez, M., Bernotaite, M., Beursken, C., Bidd, H., Bifulco, F., Bignami, E., Bilic, A., Bilskiene, D., Bischoff, P., Bishop, L., Bjonne, T., Blaylock, H., Blethyn, K., Blincoe, T., Blokhin, I., Blunt, N., Boer, C., Boi, G., Bonicolini, E., Booth, J., Borecka-Kedzierska, M., Borstnar, K., Bory, M., Boselli, E., Bouvet, L., Bouwman, A., Bowen, L., Bowrey, S., Boxall, L., Božić, T., Bradley, T., Branco, T., Brazzi, L., Brazzoni, M., Brear, T., Brogly, N., Brohi, F., Brom, J., Bubliauska, A., Bucolo, G. E., Buerkle, H., Buggy, D., Buhre, W., Bukauska, T., Butturini, F., Byttner, Cabrera, Díaz, I., Calderon, A., Calhau, R., Callejo, A., Cammu, G., Campesato, M., Can, Ö. S., Candeia, M., Cantor, A., Carise, E., Carmona, C., Carreteiro, J., Carrieri, C., Carter, A., Casal, M., Casanova, I., Cascella, M., Casero, L. M., Casiraghi, G. M., Castelo-Branco, Castro, Arranz, C., Cernea, D. D., Cervante, J., Chandler, B., Charnock, R., Chatzimicali, A., Chinery, E., Chishti, A., Chondhury, P., Christie, E., Christodoudile, G., Ciardo, S., Cimpeanu, L., Cindea, I., Cinnella, G., Clark, S., Clayton, M., Cocu, S., Collyer, T., Colvin, C., Cope, S., Copeta, F., Copotoiu, S., -M., Correia de, Barro, F., Corso, R. M., Cortegiani, A., Costa, G., Cowton, A., Cox, N., Craig, J., Cricca, V., Cronin, J., Cunha, M., Cuomo, A., Curley, K., Czuczwar, M., Dabrowska, D., Damster, Danguy des, Désert, M., Daniliuc, A., Danninger, T., Darwish, I., Dascalu, C., Davie, K., Davie, De, Boer, De, Flavii, De, Selincourt, G., Deana, C., Debaene, B., Debreceni, G., Dedhia, Delgado, Garcia, Della, Rocca, G., Delroy-Buelle, L., Desai, T., Dhillon, Di, Giacinto, Di, Mauro, Diaz, Gomez, T. V., Dimitrovski, A., Dinic, V., Dîrzu, D., -S., Divander, M. B., Dolinar, J., Domingues, S., Doolan, J., Downes, C., Dragoescu, N. A., Droc, G., Dum, E., Dumitrescu, A., Duncan, L., Dzurňáková, P., Eberl, S., Edwards, J., Edwards, M., Ekelund, K., Ekengren, P., Elghouty, E., Ellerkmann, R., Ellis, H., Elme, A., Ernst, T., Errando, C. L., Estenes, S., Ewaldsson, C., Farid, N., Featherstone, J., Febres, D., Fedorov, S., Feggeler, J., Feijten, P., Fellmann, T., Fernandez, Candil, Fernandez, Castineira, Fernández, Castineira, J., Fernando, A., Ferrando, C., Ferreira, L., Ferreira, P., Feyling, A., Filipescu, D., Fleischer, A., Flori, L., Foerster, U., Fox, B., Franke, U., Frasca, D., Frey, C., Frost, V., Fullin, G., Fumagalli, J., Furneval, J., Fusari, M., Gallacher, S., Galushka, S., Gambale, G., Gambino, I., Garcia-Perez, M. L., Garg, S., Garlak, J., Gavranovic, Z., Gavrilov, R., Gaynor, Gecaj, Gashi, A., Georghiou, M., Gerjevic, B., Gferer, G., Giarratano, A., Gibson, A., Gievski, V., Gile, J., Gillberg, L., Gilowska, Gilsanz, Rodriguez, F., Gioia, A., Giovannoni, C., Girotra, V., Gkina, D., Gkioka, G., Godoroja, D., Goebel, U., Goel, V., Gonzalez, M., Goranovic, T., Gornik-Wlaszczuk, E., Gosavi, S., Gottfridsson, P., Gottschalk, A., Granell, M., Granstrom, A., Grassetto, A., Greenwood, A., Grigora, I., Grintescu, I., Gritsan, A., Gritsan, G., Grynyuk, A., Guadagnin, G. M., Guarnieri, M., Güçlü, Guerrero, Diez, M., Gunenc, F., Günther, U., Gupta, P., Guttenthaler, V., Hack, Y., Hafisayena, A., Hagau, N., Haldar, J., Hale, D., Hancı, V., Hanna-Jumma, S., Harazim, H., Harlet, P., Harper, D., Harri, B., Harvey, O., Hashimi, M., Hawkin, L., Haye, C., Heaton, J., Heier, T., Helliwell, L., Hemme, S., Henderson, K., Hermanide, J., Hermann, Herrera, Hueso, B., Hestene, S., Hettiarachchi, R., Highgate, J., Hodgson, K., Hoelbling, D., Holland, J., Horhota, L., Hormi, A., Hribar, R., Hua, A., Humphrey, S., Humphrie, R., Humpliková, S., Hunt, J., Husnain, A., Hussein, A., Hyam, B., Iannuccelli, F., Ilette, K., Ilya, C., Inan, T., India, I., Ionițăv, V., Irwin, F., Jain, V., Janez, B., Jankovic, R., Jenkin, S., Jenko, M., Jimenez, Jiménez, Gomez, B., Joachim, S., Joelsson-Alm, E., John, J., Jonikaite, L., Jovic, M., Jungwirth, B., Junke, E., Kabakov, B., Kadaoui, S., -D., Kanski, A., Karadag, S., Karbonskiene, A., Karjagin, J., Kasnik, D., Katanolli, F., Katsika, E., Kaufmann, K., Keane, H., Kelly, M., Kent, M., Keraitiene, G., Khudhur, A., Khuenl-Brady, K., Kidd, L., King, S., Kirchgäßner, K., Klancir, T., Klucniks, A., Knotzer, J., Knowlden, P., Koers, L., Kompan, J., Koneti, K. K., Kooij, F., Koolen, E., Koopman, - van Gemert, A. W. M. M., Kopp, K., Korfioti, D., Korolkov, O., Kosinová, M., Köstenberger, M., Kotzinger, O., Kovačević, M., Kranke, P., Kranke, E., Krau, C., Krau, S., Kubitzek, C., Kucharski, R., Kucukguclu, S., Kudrashou, A., Kumar, V., Kummen, L., Kunit, C., Kushakovsky, V., Kuvaki, B., Kuzmanovska, B., Kyttari, A., Landoni, G., Lau, G., Lazarev, K., Legett, S., Legrottaglie, A. M., Leonardi, S., Leong, M., Lercher, H., Leuvrey, M., Leva, B., Levstek, M., Limb, J., Lindholm, E., Linton, F., Liperi, C., Lipski, F., Lirk, P., Lisi, A., Lišková, Lluch, Oltra, A., Loganathan, V., Lombardi, S., Lopez, Lopez, Rodríguez, M., Lorenzini, L., Lowicka, M., Lugovoy, A., Luippold, M., Lumb, A., Maca, A., Macgregor, M., Machado, H., Maciariello, M., Madeira, I., Maitan, S., Majewski, J., Maldini, B., Malewski, G., Manfredini, L., Männer, O., Marchand, B., Marcu, A., Margalef, J., Margarson, M., Marinheiro, L., Markic, Markovic, Bozic, J., Marrazzo, F., Martin, Martin, Ayuso, M., Martinez, E., Martino, E. A., Martinson, V., Marusic-Gaser, K., Mascarenha, C., Mathi, C., Matsota, P., Mavrommati, Mazul, Sunko, B., Mccourt, K., Mcgill, N., Mckee, R., Meço, B. C., Meier, S., Melbourne, S., Melbybråthen, G., Meli, A., Melia, A., Melotti, R. M., Menga, M. 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Elizabeth, Akgün, Fatma Nur, Aletti, Gabriele, Alkış, Neslihan, Allan, Katie, Allan, Ashley, Allaouchiche, Bernard, Allcock, Clare, Almasy, Emoke, Amey, Isobel, Amigoni, Maria, Andersen, Elin, Andersson, Peder, Anipchenko, Natalya, Antunes, Pedro, Armstrong, Earlene, Aslam, Tayyba Naz, Aslin, Bjorn, Assunção, José Pedro, Ausserer, Julia, Avvai, Mary, Awad, Nahla, Ayas Montero, Begoña, Ayuso, Mercede, Azevedo, Patricia, Badarau, Victoria, Badescu, Roxana, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Baird, Colin, Baird, Yolanda, Baker, Tim, Balaji, Packianathaswamy, Bălan, Cristina, Balandin, Alina, Balescu-Arion, Carmen, Baliuliene, Vilda, Baltasar Isabel, Jorge, Baluch, Saif Nasr, Bandrabur, Daniela, Bankewitz, Carla, Barber, Katrina, Barbera, Francesco, Barcraft-Barnes, Helena, Barletti, Valentina, Barnett, Gill, Baron, Kirsty, Barros, Ana, Barsan, Victoria, Bartlett, Pauline, Batistaki, Chrysanthi, Baumgarten, Georg, Baytas, Volkan, Beauchamp, Nigel, Becerra Cayetano, Isabel A., Bell, Stephanie, Bellandi, Mattia, Belletti, Alessandro, Belmonte Cuenca, Julio, Benitez-Cano, Adela, Beretta, Luigi, Berger, Marc, Bergmann, Nicole, Bergmark, Kristina, Bermudez Lopez, Maria, Bernotaite, Monika, Beurskens, Charlotte, Bidd, Heena, Bifulco, Francesca, Bignami, Elena, Bilic, Aleksandar, Bilskiene, Diana, Bischoff, Petra, Bishop, Luke, Bjonness, Therese, Blaylock, Hether, Blethyn, Kate, Blincoe, Thoma, Blokhin, Ivan, Blunt, Nadia, Boer, Christa, Bois, Grégory, Bonicolini, Eleonora, Booth, Joanna, Borecka-Kedzierska, Miroslawa, Borstnar, Katarina, Borys, Michał, Boselli, Emmanuel, Bouvet, Lionel, Bouwman, Arthur, Bowen, Leonora, Bowrey, Sarah, Boxall, Leigh, Božić, Teodora, Bradley, Tom, Branco, Teresa, Brazzi, Luca, Brazzoni, Marcella, Brear, Tracy, Brogly, Nicola, Brohi, Farooq, Broms, Jacob, Bubliauskas, Andriu, Bucolo, Gea Erika, Buerkle, Hartmut, Buggy, Donal, Buhre, Wolfgang, Bukauskas, Toma, Butturini, Francesco, Byttner, Ander, Cabrera Díaz, Itahísa, Calderon, Adriana, Calhau, Ricardo, Callejo, Angel, Cammu, Guy, Campesato, Manuela, Can, Özlem S, Candeias, Margarida, Cantor, Andreea, Carise, Elsa, Carmona, Cristina, Carreteiro, Joana, Carrieri, Cosima, Carter, Anna, Casal, Manuela, Casanova, Irene, Cascella, Marco, Casero, Luis M., Casiraghi, Guiseppina Maria, Castelo-Branco, Laila, Castro Arranz, Carlo, Cernea, Daniela Denisa, Cervantes, Jesoporiol, Chandler, Ben, Charnock, Robert, Chatzimicali, Aikaterini, Chinery, Elane, Chishti, Ahmed, Chondhury, Priyakam, Christie, Emily, Christodoudiles, George, Ciardo, Stefano, Cimpeanu, Luminata, Cindea, Iulia, Cinnella, Gilda, Clark, Sebastian, Clayton, Matthew, Cocu, Simona, Collyer, Thoma, Colvin, Carie, Cope, Sean, Copeta, Filomena, Copotoiu, Sanda-Maria, Correia de Barros, Filinto, Corso, Ruggero Massimo, Cortegiani, Andrea, Costa, Gabriela, Cowton, Amanda, Cox, Nicola, Craig, Jame, Cricca, Valentina, Cronin, John, Cunha, Mariana, Cuomo, Arturo, Curley, Katherine, Czuczwar, Mirosław, Dabrowska, Domenika, Damster, Sabrine, Danguy des Déserts, Marc, Daniliuc, Aura, Danninger, Thoma, Darwish, Imad, Dascalu, Corina, Davies, Kirsty, Davies, Simon, De Boer, Han, De Flaviis, Adelisa, De Selincourt, Gabrielle, Deana, Cristian, Debaene, Bertrand, Debreceni, Gabor, Dedhia, Jatin, Delgado Garcia, Isabel, Della Rocca, Giorgio, Delroy-Buelles, Llana, Desai, Tejal, Dhillon, Parveen, Di Giacinto, Ida, Di Mauro, Piero, Diaz Gomez, Tamara V., Dimitrovski, Aleksandar, Dinic, Vesna, Dîrzu, Dan-Sebastian, Divander, Mona Britt, Dolinar, Janez, Domingues, Susana, Doolan, Jame, Downes, Charlotte, Dragoescu, Nicoleta Alice, Droc, Gabriela, Dum, Elisabeth, Dumitrescu, Alexandra, Duncan, Louise, Dzurňáková, Paul, Eberl, Susanne, Edwards, Jayne, Edwards, Mark, Ekelund, Kim, Ekengren, Patrik, Elghouty, Eyad, Ellerkmann, Richard, Ellis, Helen, Elme, Andrea, Ernst, Thoma, Errando, Carlos Lui, Estenes, Simao, Ewaldsson, Calli, Farid, Nahla, Featherstone, Jame, Febres, Daniela, Fedorov, Sergey, Feggeler, Johanna, Feijten, Prisca, Fellmann, Tobia, Fernandez Candil, Juan, Fernandez Castineira, Ana, Fernández Castineira, Juan, Fernando, Aruna, Ferrando, Carlo, Ferreira, Leonia, Ferreira, Patrick, Feyling, Ander, Filipescu, Daniela, Fleischer, Andrea, Floris, Leda, Foerster, Ur, Fox, Benjamin, Franke, Uwe, Frasca, Deni, Frey, Christian, Frost, Victoria, Fullin, Giorgio, Fumagalli, Jacopo, Furneval, Julie, Fusari, Maurizio, Gallacher, Stuart, Galushka, Svetlana, Gambale, Giorgio, Gambino, Irene, Garcia-Perez, Maria Luisa, Garg, Sanjeev, Garlak, Justyna, Gavranovic, Zeljka, Gavrilov, Roman, Gaynor, Lame, Gecaj Gashi, Agreta, Georghiou, Maria, Gerjevic, Bozena, Gferer, Gudrun, Giarratano, Antonino, Gibson, Andy, Gievski, Vanja, Giles, Julian, Gillberg, Lar, Gilowska, Katarzyna, Gilsanz Rodriguez, Fernando, Gioia, Antonio, Giovannoni, Cecilia, Girotra, Vandana, Gkinas, Dimitrio, Gkiokas, George, Godoroja, Daniela, Goebel, Ulrich, Goel, Vandana, Gonzalez, Matilde, Goranovic, Tatjana, Gornik-Wlaszczuk, Ewa, Gosavi, Smita, Gottfridsson, peter, Gottschalk, André, Granell, Manuel, Granstrom, Anna, Grassetto, Alberto, Greenwood, Anna, Grigoras, Ioana, Grintescu, Ioana, Gritsan, Alexey, Gritsan, Galina, Grynyuk, Andriy, Guadagnin, Giovanni Maria, Guarnieri, Marcello, Güçlü, Çiğdem, Guerrero Diez, Maria, Gunenc, Ferim, Günther, Ulf, Gupta, Pawan, Guttenthaler, Vera, Hack, Yvonne, Hafisayena, Ade, Hagau, Natalia, Haldar, Jagannath, Hales, Dawn, Hancı, Volkan, Hanna-Jumma, Sameer, Harazim, Hana, Harlet, Pierre, Harper, Daniel, Harris, Benjamin, Harvey, Orla, Hashimi, Medita, Hawkins, Lesley, Hayes, Conrad, Heaton, Jame, Heier, Tom, Helliwell, Laurence, Hemmes, Sabrine, Henderson, Kate, Hermanides, Jeroen, Hermanns, Henning, Herrera Hueso, Berta, Hestenes, Siv, Hettiarachchi, Roshane, Highgate, Judith, Hodgson, Keith, Hoelbling, Daniel, Holland, Jonathan, Horhota, Lucian, Hormis, Anil, Hribar, Renata, Hua, Alina, Humphreys, Sally, Humphries, Ryan, Humpliková, Simona, Hunt, Janez, Husnain, Ali, Hussein, Ahmed, Hyams, Benjamin, Iannuccelli, Fabrizio, Ilette, Katie, Ilyas, Carl, Inan, Turgay, India, Immaculada, Ionițăv, Victor, Irwin, Foo, Jain, Vipul, Janez, Benedikt, Jankovic, Radmilo, Jenkins, Sarah, Jenko, Matej, Jimenez, Raquel, Jiménez Gomez, Bárbara, Joachim, Sugganthi, Joelsson-Alm, Eva, John, John, Jonikaite, Lina, Jovic, Miomir, Jungwirth, Bettina, Junke, Etienne, Kabakov, Bory, Kadaoui, Salah-Din, Kanski, Andrzej, Karadag, Süheyla, Karbonskiene, Aurika, Karjagin, Juri, Kasnik, Darja, Katanolli, Fato, Katsika, Eleni, Kaufmann, Kai, Keane, Helen, Kelly, Martin, Kent, Melanie, Keraitiene, Grazina, Khudhur, Ahmed, Khuenl-Brady, Karin, Kidd, Laurie, King, Siobhan, Kirchgäßner, Katharina, Klancir, Tino, Klucniks, Andri, Knotzer, Johann, Knowlden, Peter, Koers, Lena, Kompan, Janez, Koneti, Kiran K, Kooij, Fabian, Koolen, Eric, Koopman - van Gemert, Anna Wilhelmina Margaretha Maria, Kopp, Kristen, Korfiotis, Dimitrio, Korolkov, Oleg, Kosinová, Martina, Köstenberger, Marku, Kotzinger, Oskar, Kovačević, Marko, Kranke, Peter, Kranke, Eva, Kraus, Christiane, Kraus, Stephanie, Kubitzek, Christiane, Kucharski, Rafal, Kucukguclu, Semih, Kudrashou, Allaksandr, Kumar, Vinayak, Kummen, Live, Kunit, Cornelia, Kushakovsky, Vlad, Kuvaki, Bahar, Kuzmanovska, Biljana, Kyttari, Aikaterina, Landoni, Giovanni, Lau, Gary, Lazarev, Konstantin, Legett, Samantha, Legrottaglie, Anna Maria, Leonardi, Silvia, Leong, Maria, Lercher, Helene, Leuvrey, Matthieu, Leva, Brigitte, Levstek, Meta, Limb, Jame, Lindholm, Espen, Linton, Fiona, Liperi, Corradero, Lipski, Fabian, Lirk, Philipp, Lisi, Alberto, Lišková, Katarina, Lluch Oltra, Aitana, Loganathan, Vinothan, Lombardi, Stefania, Lopez, Eloisa, Lopez Rodríguez, Maria, Lorenzini, Laura, Lowicka, Malgorzata, Lugovoy, Alexander, Luippold, Madeleine, Lumb, Andrew, Macas, Andriu, Macgregor, Mark, Machado, Humberto, Maciariello, Maria, Madeira, Isabel, Maitan, Stefan, Majewski, Jacek, Maldini, Branka, Malewski, Georgia, Manfredini, Livia, Männer, Olja, Marchand, Bahareh, Marcu, Alexandra, Margalef, Jordi, Margarson, Michael, Marinheiro, Lucia, Markic, Ana, Markovic Bozic, Jasmina, Marrazzo, Francesco, Martin, Jane, Martin Ayuso, Maria, Martinez, Esteher, Martino, Enrico Antonio, Martinson, Victoria, Marusic-Gaser, Katarina, Mascarenhas, Catia, Mathis, Cindy, Matsota, Paraskevi, Mavrommati, Eleni, Mazul Sunko, Branka, McCourt, Killian, McGill, Neil, McKee, Raymond, Meço, Başak Ceyda, Meier, Sonja, Melbourne, Susan, Melbybråthen, Grethe, Meli, Andrea, Melia, Aiden, Melotti, Rita Maria, Menga, Maria Rosaria, Mercer, Pauline, Merotra, Susan, Mescolini, Silvia, Metterlein, Thoma, Michalov, Martin, Michlig, Sam, Midgley, Susan, Milić, Morena, Milojevic, Milan, Miñana, Amanda, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Lucia, Mirea, Liliana, Mittelstädt, Ludger, Moeglen, Aude, Moise, Alida, Mokini, Zhirajr, Molin, Anna, Moltó, Lui, Monea, Maria Concetta, Montalto, Francesca, Montgomery, Jane, Montgomery, Claire, Montillo, Gerardo, Moore, Sally, Moore, Faye, Moreira, Zelia, Moreno, Tania, Moreno, Ricardo, Moret, Enrique, Moreton, Sarah, Morgan, Marianne, Moro Velasco, Concepción, Morri, Davide, Moull, Alice, Moura, Fernando, Mráz, Peter, Mrozek, Katarzyna, Mukhtar, Karim, Muniyappa, Sudeshkumar, Murray, Heather, Murthy, Burra VS, Mushambi, Mary, Nadolski, Maria, Nardelli, Pasquale, Nardin, Giordano, Navarro Pérez, Rosalía, Naveiro, Andrea, Negri, Manuela, Nesek Adam, Visnja, Neskovic, Vojislava, Neuwersch, Stefan, Neves, Miriam, Nguyen, Bavinh, Ní Eochagáin, Aisling, Nicholas, Caroline, Nightingale, Jeremy, Norrie, Kylie, Novak-Jankovic, Vesna, Novakova, Andrea, Novillo, Marta, Numan, Sandra, Oduro-Dominah, Louise, Oldner, Ander, Oliveira, Isabel, Ologoiu, Daniela, Oloktsidou, Irini, O'Reilly, Rosalind, Orlando, Alessandro, Ovezov, Alexey, Ozbilgin, Sule, Paal, Peter, Padin Barreiro, Lidia, Palugniok, Ryszard, Papaioannou, Alexandra, Papapostolou, Konstantino, Paranthaman, Prabhakar, Pardey Bracho, Gilda, Parente, Suzana, Parfeni, Alexandru, Pasin, Laura, Passey, Samuel, Pastor, Ernesto, Patch, Sarah, Patil, Andan, Paunescu, Marilena-Alina, Pehboeck, Daniel, Pereira, Manuela, Pereira, Carla, Perez Caballero, Paula, Pérez García, Aníbal, Pérez Soto, Antonia, Perez Tejero, Gisela, Perez-Cerda, Francisco, Pesenti, Antonio, Petta, Rocco, Philippe, Simon, Pickering, David, Pico Veloso, Jandro, Pina, Pedro, Pinho-Oliveira, Vítor, Pinol, Santiago, Pinto, Rita, Pistidda, Laura, Pitterle, Manuela, Piwowarczyk, Paweł, Plotnikova, Olga, Pohl, Holger, Poldermann, Jorinde, Polkovicová, Lucia, Pompei, Livia, Popescu, Mihai, Popović, Radmila, Pota, Vincenzo, Potocnik, Miriam, Potręć, Beata, Potter, Alison, Pramod, Nalwaya, Prchalova, Martina, Preckel, Benedikt, Pugh, Richard, Pulletz, Mark, Radoeshki, Aleksandar, Rafi, Amir, Ragazzi, Riccardo, Raineri Santi, Maurizio, Rajamanickam, Tamiselvan, Rajput, Zahra, Ramachandran, Rajeskar, Ramasamy, Radhika, Ramessur, Suneil, Rao, Roshan, Rasmussen, Ander, Rato, André, Razaque, Usman, Real Navacerrada, M. Isabel, Reavley, Caroline, Reid, Jame, Reschreiter, Henrik, Rial, Erick, Ribas Carrasco, Patricia, Ribeiro, Sandy, Rich, Nathalie, Richardson, Lydia, Rimaitis, Kestuti, Rimaitis, Mariu, Ringvold, Else-Marie, Ripke, Fabian, Ristescu, Irina, Ritchie, Keith, Ródenas, Frederic, Rodrigues, Patrícia, Rogers, Emma, Rogerson, David, Romagnoli, Stefano, Romero, Esther, Rondovic, Goran, Rose, Bernd Oliver, Roth, Winfried, Rotter, Marie-Therese, Rousseau, Guy, Rudjord, Ander, Rueffert, Henrik, Rundgren, Malin, Rupprecht, Korbinian, Rushton, Andrew, Russotto, Vincenzo, Rypulak, Elżbieta, Ryszka, Maciej, Sà, Jacinta, Sà Couto, Paula, Saby, Sandrine, Sagic, Jelena, Saleh, Omar, Sales, Gabriele, Sánchez Sánchez, Yván, Sanghera, Sumayer, Şanli Karip, Ceren, Santiveri Papiol, Francisco Javier, Santos, Sofia, Sarno, Stephen, Saul, Daniel, Saunders, David, Savic, Nenad, Scalco, Loïc, Scanlon, Deborah, Schaller, Stefan, Schax, Christoph, Scheffer, Gert Jan, Schening, Anna, Schiavone, Vincenzo, Schmidt-Ehrenberg, Florian, Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine, Schönberg, Christina, Schopflin, Christian, Schreiber, Jan-Uwe, Schultz, Marcu, Schurig, Marlen, Scott, Carmen, Sebestian, Siby, Sehgal, Selena, Sem, Victoria, Semenas, Egidiju, Serafini, Elena, Serchan, Pashalitsa, Shields, Martin, Shobha, Ramakrishnan, Shosholcheva, Mirjana, Siamansour, Tanja, Siddaiah, Narendra, Siddiqi, Khalid, Sinclair, Rhona, Singh, Permendra, Singh, Rajendra, Sinha, Aneeta, Sinha, Ashok, Skinner, Amanda, Smee, Elizabeth, Smekalova, Olga, Smith, Neil, Smith, Thoma, Smitz, Carine, Smole, Daniel, Sojčić, Nataša, Soler Pedrola, Maria, Somanath, Sameer, Sonksen, Julian, Sorella, Maria Christina, Sörmus, Alar, Soro, Marina, Soto, Carmen, Spada, Anna, Spadaro, Savino, Spaeth, Johanne, Sparr, Harald, Spielmann, Annika, Spindler-Vesel, Alenka, Stamelos, Matthaio, Stancombe L, Liucia, Stanculescu, Andreea, Standl, Thoma, Standley, Tom, Stanek, Ondrej, Stanisavljević, Snežana, Starczewska, Malgorzata, Stäuble, Christiane, Steen, Julie, Stefan, Oana Maria, Stell, Elizabeth, Stera, Caterina, Stevens, Marku, Stoerckel, Marlène, Stošić, Biljana, Stourac, Petr, Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Struck, Rafael, Suarez de la Rica, Alejandro, Sultanpori, Altaf, Sundara Rajan, Rajinikanth, Suying, Ong, Svensen, Christer, Swan, Louise, Syrogianni, Paulina, Sysiak, Justyna, Szederjesi, Jano, Taddei, Stefania, Tan Hao, Ern, Tanou, Virginia, Tarabová, Katarina, Tardaguila Sancho, Paula, Tarroso, Maria, Tartaglione, Marco, Taylor, Emma, Tbaily, Lee, Telford, Richard, Terenzoni, Massimo, Theodoraki, Kassiani, Thornley, Helen, Tiganiuc, Liviu, Toim, Hardo, Tomescu, Dana, Tommasino, Concezione, Toni, Jessica, Toninelli, Arturo, Toretti, Ilaria, Townley, Stephen, Trepenaitis, Dariu, Trethowan, Brian, Tsaousi, Georgia, Tsiftsi, Aikaterini, Tudor, Adrada, Turan, Güldem, Turhan, Sanem Çakar, Unic-Stojanovic, Dragana, Unterbuchner, Christoph, Unzueta, Carmen, Uranjek, Jasna, Ursic, Tomaz, Vaida, Simona, Valldeperas Ferrer, Silvia, Valldeperas Hernandez, Maria Inmaculada, Valsamidis, Dimitri, Van Beek, Rienk, Van dasselaer, Nick, Van Der Beek, Tim, Van Duivenvoorde, Yoni, van Klei, Wilton A., Van Poorter, Fran, Van Zaane, Ba, Van Zundert, Tom, Van Zyl, Rebekka, Vargas Munoz, Ana Milena, Varsani, Nimu, Vasconcelos, Pedro, Vassilakis, Georgio, Vecchiatini, Tommaso, Vecera, Lubomir, Vercauteren, Marcel, Verdouw, Ba, Verheyen, Veerle, Verri, Marco, Vicari Sottosanti, Luigi Giancarlo, Vico, Manuel, Vidal Mitjans, Patricia, Vilardi, Anna, Vissicchio, Daniela, Vitale, Giovanni, Vitković, Bibiana, Vizcaychipi, Marcela Paola, Voicu, Alexandra, Voje, Minca, Volfová, Ivana, Volta, Carlo Alberto, Von Lutterotti, Theresa, von Tiesenhausen, Anna, Vrecic-Slabe, Simona, Vukcevic, Dejan, Vukovic, Rade, Vullo, P. Agostina, Wade, Andrew, Wallberg, Hanna, Wallden, Jakob, Wallner, Johann, Walther Sturesson, Louise, Watson, Davina, Weber, Stefan, Wegiel Leskiewiq, Anna, Weller, Debbie, Wensing, Carine, Werkmann, Marku, Westberg, Henrik, Wikström, Erik, Williams, Benedict, Wilson, Robin, Wirth, Steffen, Wittmann, Maria, Wood, Laura, Wright, Stella, Zachoval, Christian, Zambon, Massimo, Zampieri, Silvia, Zampone, Salvatore, Zangrillo, Alberto, Zani, Gianluca, Zavackiene, Asta, Zieglerder, Raphael, Zonneveldt, Harry, Zsisku, Lajo, Zucker, Tom-Philipp, Żukowski, Maciej, Zuleika, Mehrun, and Zupanĕiĕ, Darja
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,pulmonary complications, muscle relaxants, Post-anaesthesia complications ,Neuromuscular Blockade ,pulmonary complication, muscle relaxant ,neuromuscular block ,postoperative pulmonary complication ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,post-operative pulmonary complications ,Neuromuscular monitoring ,Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ,Sugammadex ,NO ,Anaesthesia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Anesthesia ,Medicine ,General anaesthesia ,Neuromuscular Agents ,030212 general & internal medicine ,MED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIA ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Results from retrospective studies suggest that use of neuromuscular blocking agents during general anaesthesia might be linked to postoperative pulmonary complications. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods: We did a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 211 hospitals in 28 European countries. We included patients (aged ≥18 years) who received general anaesthesia for any in-hospital procedure except cardiac surgery. Patient characteristics, surgical and anaesthetic details, and chart review at discharge were prospectively collected over 2 weeks. Additionally, each patient underwent postoperative physical examination within 3 days of surgery to check for adverse pulmonary events. The study outcome was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications from the end of surgery up to postoperative day 28. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for surgical factors and patients' preoperative physical status, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and adjusted absolute risk reduction (ARRadj). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01865513. Findings: Between June 16, 2014, and April 29, 2015, data from 22 803 patients were collected. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who had undergone general anaesthesia (1658 [7·6%] of 21 694); ORadj 1·86, 95% CI 1·53–2·26; ARRadj −4·4%, 95% CI −5·5 to −3·2). Only 2·3% of high-risk surgical patients and those with adverse respiratory profiles were anaesthetised without neuromuscular blocking agents. The use of neuromuscular monitoring (ORadj 1·31, 95% CI 1·15–1·49; ARRadj −2·6%, 95% CI −3·9 to −1·4) and the administration of reversal agents (1·23, 1·07–1·41; −1·9%, −3·2 to −0·7) were not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Neither the choice of sugammadex instead of neostigmine for reversal (ORadj 1·03, 95% CI 0·85–1·25; ARRadj −0·3%, 95% CI −2·4 to 1·5) nor extubation at a train-of-four ratio of 0·9 or more (1·03, 0·82–1·31; −0·4%, −3·5 to 2·2) was associated with better pulmonary outcomes. Interpretation: We showed that the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in general anaesthesia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetists must balance the potential benefits of neuromuscular blockade against the increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Funding: European Society of Anaesthesiology.
- Published
- 2019