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1. A good beginning: study protocol for a group-randomized trial to investigate the effects of sit-to-stand desks on academic performance and sedentary time in primary education

Author: A. (Lex) E. Q. van Delden, Guido P. H. Band, and Joris P. J. Slaets
Subjects: Sedentary behavior, Primary school, Children, Health, Academic performance, Cognition, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Sedentary behavior is associated with health risks and academic under-achievement in children. Still, children spend a large part of their waking hours sitting at a desk at school. Recent short-term studies demonstrated the potential of sit-to-stand desks to reduce sitting time in primary education. The program of “A Good Beginning” was conceived to assess the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sitting time in primary education, and to examine how sit-to-stand desks versus regular desks relate to academic performance, and measures of executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The present paper describes the design of this group-randomized trial, which started in 2017 and will be completed in 2019. Methods Children of two grade-three groups (age 8–9) following regular primary education in Leiden, The Netherlands, were recruited. A coin toss determined which group is the experimental group; the other group is the control group. All children in the experimental group received sit-to-stand desks. They are invited and motivated to reduce sedentary time at school, however, it is their own choice to sit or stand. Children in the control group use regular desks. Otherwise, both groups receive regular treatment. Outcomes are assessed at baseline (T0) and at five follow-up sessions (T1-T5) alternately in winter and summer seasons over three academic years. Primary outcome measures are academic performance, and the proportion of sitting time at school, measured with a 3D accelerometer. Secondary outcome measures are a number of measures related to executive functioning (e.g., N-back task for working memory), health (e.g., height and weight for BMI), and wellbeing (e.g., KIDSCREEN-52 for Quality of Life). Discussion A Good Beginning is a two-and-a-half-year research program, which aims to provide a better understanding of the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sedentary time at school and the relation between sitting time reduction and academic performance, executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The findings may serve as useful information for policy making and practical decision making for school and classroom environments. Trial registration The program of “A Good Beginning” is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR, https://www.trialregister.nl), number NL6166, registration date 24 November 2016.
Published: 2020
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2. Editorial: Psychophysiological Contributions to Traffic Safety

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Gianluca Borghini, Karel Brookhuis, and Bruce Mehler
Subjects: attention, traffic performance, human factors, automation, psychophysiology, fatigue, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Published: 2019
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3. Breath of Life: The Respiratory Vagal Stimulation Model of Contemplative Activity

Author: Roderik J. S. Gerritsen and Guido P. H. Band
Subjects: meditation, mind-body exercises, mindfulness, respiration, vagus nerve, heart rate variability, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Contemplative practices, such as meditation and yoga, are increasingly popular among the general public and as topics of research. Beneficial effects associated with these practices have been found on physical health, mental health and cognitive performance. However, studies and theories that clarify the underlying mechanisms are lacking or scarce. This theoretical review aims to address and compensate this scarcity. We will show that various contemplative activities have in common that breathing is regulated or attentively guided. This respiratory discipline in turn could parsimoniously explain the physical and mental benefits of contemplative activities through changes in autonomic balance. We propose a neurophysiological model that explains how these specific respiration styles could operate, by phasically and tonically stimulating the vagal nerve: respiratory vagal nerve stimulation (rVNS). The vagal nerve, as a proponent of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), is the prime candidate in explaining the effects of contemplative practices on health, mental health and cognition. We will discuss implications and limitations of our model.
Published: 2018
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4. Perceptual Sensitivity and Response to Strong Stimuli Are Related

Author: Anna C. Bolders, Mattie Tops, Guido P. H. Band, and Pieter Jan M. Stallen
Subjects: sensitivity, overreactivity, punishment reactivity, reward reactivity, temperament, suppression effect, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: To shed new light on the long-standing debate about the (in)dependence of sensitivity to weak stimuli and overreactivity to strong stimuli, we examined the relation between these tendencies within the neurobehavioral framework of the Predictive and Reactive Control Systems (PARCS) theory (Tops et al., 2010, 2014). Whereas previous studies only considered overreactivity in terms of the individual tendency to experience unpleasant affect (punishment reactivity) resulting from strong sensory stimulation, we also took the individual tendency to experience pleasant affect (reward reactivity) resulting from strong sensory stimulation into account. According to PARCS theory, these temperamental tendencies overlap in terms of high reactivity toward stimulation, but oppose each other in terms of the response orientation (approach or avoid). PARCS theory predicts that both types of reactivity to strong stimuli relate to sensitivity to weak stimuli, but that these relationships are suppressed due to the opposing relationship between reward and punishment reactivity. We measured punishment and reward reactivity to strong stimuli and sensitivity to weak stimuli using scales from the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (Evans and Rothbart, 2007). Sensitivity was also measured more objectively using the masked auditory threshold. We found that sensitivity to weak stimuli (both self-reported and objectively assessed) was positively associated with self-reported punishment and reward reactivity to strong stimuli, but only when these reactivity measures were controlled for each other, implicating a mutual suppression effect. These results are in line with PARCS theory and suggest that sensitivity to weak stimuli and overreactivity are dependent, but this dependency is likely to be obscured if punishment and reward reactivity are not both taken into account.
Published: 2017
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5. Empfehlungen zum strukturierten Übergabeprozess in der zentralen Notaufnahme

Author: I. Gräff, M. Pin, P. Ehlers, M. Seidel, B. Hossfeld, M. Dietz-Wittstock, R. Rossi, A. Gries, A. Ramshorn-Zimmer, F. Reifferscheid, T. Reinhold, H. Band, K.-H. Kuhl, M.-K. König, J. Kasberger, R. Löb, R. Krings, S. Schäfer, I.-M. Wienen, R. Strametz, K. Wedler, C. Mach, D. Werner, and S. Schacher
Subjects: Gynecology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, Political science, Emergency Medicine, medicine, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Abstract: Der Ubergabe als Ubertragung der Verantwortlichkeit und Zustandigkeit fur die weitere Versorgung des Patienten kommt eine besondere Bedeutung im Behandlungsprozess und fur die Patientensicherheit zu. Dies gilt umso mehr fur die Ubergabe des Rettungsdiensts an die zentrale Notaufnahme in ihrem komplexen und stressbehafteten Umfeld. Dieser Prozess ist auf eine in allen Aspekten funktionierende Kommunikation angewiesen, um unerwunschte Ereignisse fur den Patienten zu vermeiden und eine optimale Weiterversorgung zu gewahrleisten. Bisher existieren in Deutschland nur in einzelnen Bereichen uberhaupt Vorgaben und Konzepte fur eine strukturierte Ubergabe. Im vorliegenden Konsensuspapier werden funfzehn Empfehlungen fur einen standardisierten Ubergabeprozess des Notfallpatienten vorgestellt, die durch die Fachgesellschaften der an der Ubergabe beteiligten Berufsgruppen (Notfallmediziner, Notfallpflege, Rettungsdienstorganisationen) sowie das Bundnis fur Patientensicherheit als Vertreter der Patienten erarbeitet wurden.
Published: 2020

6. Research Topic: Effects of game and game-like training on neurocognitive plasticityEditorial:Towards a mechanistic view on game-guided learning

Author: Guido P H Band, Chandramallika eBasak, Heleen A Slagter, and Michelle W Voss
Subjects: Aging, Dopamine, Learning, Norepinephrine, Prefrontal Cortex, cognitive control, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Published: 2016
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7. Does conflict help or hurt cognitive control? Initial evidence for an inverted U-shape relationship between perceived task difficulty and conflict adaptation

Author: Henk eVan Steenbergen, Guido P H Band, and Bernhard eHommel
Subjects: Motivation, cognitive control, effort, pupil dilation, task difficulty, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Sequential modulation of congruency effects in conflict tasks indicates that cognitive control quickly adapts to changing task demands. We investigated in four experiments how this behavioral congruency-sequence effect relates to different levels of perceived task difficulty in a flanker and a Stroop task. In addition, online measures of pupil diameter were used as a physiological index of effort mobilization. Consistent with motivational accounts predicting that increased levels of perceived task difficulty will increase effort mobilization only up to a certain limit, reliable dynamic conflict-driven adjustment in cognitive control was only observed when task difficulty was relatively low. Instead, tasks tentatively associated with high levels of difficulty showed no or reversed conflict adaptation. Although the effects could not be linked consistently to effects in self-reported task difficulty in all experiments, regression analyses showed associations between perceived task difficulty and conflict adaptation in some of the experiments, which provides some initial evidence for an inverted U-shape relationship between perceived difficulty and adaptations in cognitive control. Furthermore, high levels of task difficulty were associated with a conflict-driven reduction in pupil dilation, suggesting that pupil dilation can be used as a physiological marker of mental overload. Our findings underscore the importance of developing models that are grounded in motivational accounts of cognitive control.
Published: 2015
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8. Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Test of Ovine Corneal Tissue Cutting Process in Cataract Surgery Operation

Author: Ali Nahvi, M. Zarei-Ghanavati, Mohammadreza Arbabtafti, and H. Band Band
Subjects: Materials science, medicine.medical_treatment, General Engineering, Phase (waves), Cataract surgery, Finite element method, Finite element simulation, Root mean square, medicine.anatomical_structure, Corneal edema, Cornea, medicine, Relaxation (physics), Biomedical engineering
Abstract: The modeling of corneal tissue cutting is essential in developing haptic training simulators and robot-assisted surgeries. A finite element model was developed for the ovine corneal cutting process and validated with an experimental setup for the first time. The experimental setup measured force in pre-cutting, cutting, and relaxation phases. The mechanical behavior of corneal incision was modeled by the finite element method. A test setup was built to conduct experiments on 32 fresh and well-preserved ovine cornea. Force was recorded with the sampling rate of 200 Hz. The tests were performed for intraocular pressures from 15 mm-Hg to 18 mm-Hg, and keratome velocities of 1 mm/s and 2 mm/s. The finite element model characterized the nonlinear behavior of the ovine corneal tissue. In the pre-cutting phase, force increased until the instrument tip penetrated. A 12.3% (2 mm/s) and 19.1% (1 mm/s) reduction in force indicated the onset of the cutting phase after which force remained constant. At the relaxation phase, force returned to zero. The cutting force values varied by pressure between 0.183N and 0.287 N for 1 mm/s and between 0.211 N and 0.281 N for 2 mm/s of keratome velocity, respectively. The finite element simulations show that the maximum force errors predicted by the model is 0.042 N for 2 mm/s of keratome velocity. The root mean square of force error between the finite element simulations and the experiments is 0.025 N.
Published: 2021

9. Pupil Dilation in the Simon Task as a Marker of Conflict Processing

Author: Henk eVan Steenbergen and Guido P H Band
Subjects: Arousal, cognitive control, anterior cingulate cortex, effort, conflict processing, Aversion, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Cognitive demands in response conflict paradigms trigger negative affect and avoidance behavior. However, not all response conflict studies show increases in physiological indices of emotional arousal, such as pupil diameter. In contrast to earlier null-results, this study shows for the first time that small (about 0.02 mm) conflict-related pupil dilation can be observed in a Simon task when stimuli do not introduce a light reflex. Results show that response-conflict in Simon trials induces both pupil dilation and reaction-time costs. Moreover, sequential analyses reveal that pupil dilation mirrors the conflict-adaptation pattern observed in reaction time. Although single-trial regression analyses indicated that pupil dilation is likely to reflect more than one process at the same time, in general our findings imply that pupil dilation can be used as an indirect marker of conflict processing.
Published: 2013
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10. No panacea? Tai Chi enhances motoric but not executive functioning in a normal aging population

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Joëlle Lafeber, Naomi van den Beukel, and Roderik J. S. Gerritsen
Subjects: Gerontology, Aging, Population, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Physical exercise, Normal aging, urologic and male genital diseases, 050105 experimental psychology, Panacea (medicine), 03 medical and health sciences, Executive Function, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Intervention (counseling), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, 05 social sciences, Bayes Theorem, Tai chi chuan, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Tai Ji, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a promising intervention against age-related decline. Though previous studies have shown benefits in motoric and cognitive domains, it is unclear how these effects are functionally related. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial was conducted in an aging population (53–85). Two measures of motor functioning – motor speed and functional balance – and three cognitive control measures – shifting, updating and inhibition – were included. The TCC condition consisted of an online 10 week 20 lessons video program of increasing level and control condition of educational videos of similar length and frequency. All analyses were done with Bayesian statistics. Counter to expectation no differences were found in cognition between TCC and control pre-to-posttest. However, there was extreme evidence for TCC benefits on functional balance and moderate evidence for increased motoric speed. After weighing the evidence and limitations of the intervention we conclude that TCC does not enhance cognitive control.
Published: 2020

11. EEG Theta/Beta ratio neurofeedback training in healthy females

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Willem van der Does, Peter Putman, and Dana van Son
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Audiology, Electroencephalography, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, Multiple baseline design, Placebos, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Single-Blind Method, Theta Rhythm, Beta (finance), Applied Psychology, Cerebral Cortex, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Neurofeedback, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Research Design, Female, Single blind, business, Beta Rhythm, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, EEG theta/beta ratio
Abstract: A growing number of studies suggest that EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR) is inversely related to executive cognitive control. Neurofeedback training aimed at reducing TBR (TBR NFT) might provide a tool to study causality in this relation and might enhance human performance. To investigate whether TBR NFT reduces TBR in healthy participants. Twelve healthy female participants were assigned (single blind) to one of three groups. Groups differed on baseline durations and one group received only sham NFT. TBR NFT consisted of eight or fourteen 25-min sessions. No evidence was found that TBR NFT had any effect on TBR. The current TBR NFT protocol is possibly ineffective. This is in line with a previous study with a different protocol.
Published: 2020

12. A good beginning: study protocol for a group-randomized trial to investigate the effects of sit-to-stand desks on academic performance and sedentary time in primary education

Author: Joris P. J. Slaets, Guido P. H. Band, and A. (Lex) E. Q. van Delden
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Sit-to-stand desks, Primary education, Academic performance, law.invention, Study Protocol, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Randomized controlled trial, law, YOUNG-ADULTS, Medicine, SARGENT JUMP TEST, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Children, Primary school, Sitting Position, Schools, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, BIASED DESKS, N-BACK TASK, Health, Female, SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN, MENTAL-HEALTH, BEHAVIOR, Quality of life, medicine.medical_specialty, Posture, education, Intervention, Sitting, 03 medical and health sciences, Quality of life (healthcare), WORKING-MEMORY, Humans, VALIDITY, Desk, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, 030229 sport sciences, Mental health, Sedentary behavior, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Physical therapy, Ergonomics, Biostatistics, business
Abstract: Background Sedentary behavior is associated with health risks and academic under-achievement in children. Still, children spend a large part of their waking hours sitting at a desk at school. Recent short-term studies demonstrated the potential of sit-to-stand desks to reduce sitting time in primary education. The program of “A Good Beginning” was conceived to assess the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sitting time in primary education, and to examine how sit-to-stand desks versus regular desks relate to academic performance, and measures of executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The present paper describes the design of this group-randomized trial, which started in 2017 and will be completed in 2019. Methods Children of two grade-three groups (age 8–9) following regular primary education in Leiden, The Netherlands, were recruited. A coin toss determined which group is the experimental group; the other group is the control group. All children in the experimental group received sit-to-stand desks. They are invited and motivated to reduce sedentary time at school, however, it is their own choice to sit or stand. Children in the control group use regular desks. Otherwise, both groups receive regular treatment. Outcomes are assessed at baseline (T0) and at five follow-up sessions (T1-T5) alternately in winter and summer seasons over three academic years. Primary outcome measures are academic performance, and the proportion of sitting time at school, measured with a 3D accelerometer. Secondary outcome measures are a number of measures related to executive functioning (e.g., N-back task for working memory), health (e.g., height and weight for BMI), and wellbeing (e.g., KIDSCREEN-52 for Quality of Life). Discussion A Good Beginning is a two-and-a-half-year research program, which aims to provide a better understanding of the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sedentary time at school and the relation between sitting time reduction and academic performance, executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The findings may serve as useful information for policy making and practical decision making for school and classroom environments. Trial registration The program of “A Good Beginning” is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR, https://www.trialregister.nl), number NL6166, registration date 24 November 2016.
Published: 2020

13. Psychophysiological Contributions to Traffic Safety

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Karel Brookhuis, Gianluca Borghini, and Bruce Mehler
Subjects: Psychophysiology, Aeronautics, Computer science, business.industry, Workload, business, Automation
Published: 2020

14. Online Games Training Aging Brains:Limited transfer to cognitive control functions

Author: Jesse eVan Muijden, Guido P H Band, and Bernhard eHommel
Subjects: Aging, cognitive control, cognitive enhancement, far transfer, Videogames, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: The prevalence of age-related cognitive decline will increase due to graying of the global population. The goal of the present study was to test whether playing online cognitive training games can improve cognitive control (CC) in healthy older adults. Fifty-four older adults (age 60-77) played five different cognitive training games online for 30 minutes a day over a period of seven weeks (game group). Another group of 20 older adults (age 61-73) instead answered quiz questions about documentaries online (documentary group). Transfer was assessed by means of a cognitive test battery administered before and after the intervention. The test battery included measures of working memory updating, set shifting, response inhibition, attention and inductive reasoning. Compared with the documentary group, the game group showed larger improvement of inhibition (Stop-Signal task) and inductive reasoning (Raven-SPM), whereas the documentary group showed more improvement in selective attention (UFoV-3). These effects qualify as transfer effects, because response inhibition, inductive reasoning and selective attention were not targeted by the interventions. However, because seven other indicators of CC did not show benefits of game training and some of those that did suffered from potential baseline differences, the study as a whole provides only modest support for the potential of videogame training to improve CC in healthy older adults.
Published: 2012
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15. A tribute to Charlie Chaplin: Induced positive affect improves reward-based decision-learning in Parkinson’s Disease

Author: K. Richard eRidderinkhof, Nelleke C. Van Wouwe, Guido P H Band, Scott A. Wylie, Stefan eVan Der Stigchel, Pieter evan Hees, Jessika I. V. Buitenweg, Irene evan de Vijver, and Wery P.M. Van Den Wildenberg
Subjects: Dopamine, Parkinson’s disease, positive affect, frontostriatal circuitry, probabilistic learning, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Reward-based decision-learning refers to the process of learning to select those actions that lead to rewards while avoiding actions that lead to punishments. This process, known to rely on dopaminergic activity in striatal brain regions, is compromised in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We hypothesized that such decision-learning deficits are alleviated by induced positive affect, which is thought to incur transient boosts in midbrain and striatal dopaminergic activity. Computational measures of probabilistic reward-based decision-learning were determined for 51 patients diagnosed with PD. Previous work has shown these measures to rely on the nucleus caudatus (outcome evaluation during the early phases of learning) and the putamen (reward prediction during later phases of learning). We observed that induced positive affect facilitated learning, through its effects on reward prediction rather than outcome evaluation. Viewing a few minutes of comedy clips served to remedy dopamine-related problems in putamen-based frontostriatal circuitry and, consequently, in learning to predict which actions will yield reward.
Published: 2012
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16. Evaluative conditioning induces changes in sound valence

Author: Anna C. Bolders, Guido P H Band, and Pieter Jan eStallen
Subjects: Valence, extinction, auditory processing, Affective Priming, Environmental sounds, evaluative conditioning, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Evaluative Conditioning (EC) has hardly been tested in the auditory domain, but it is a potentially valuable research tool. In Experiment 1 we investigated whether the affective evaluation of short environmental sounds can be changed using affective words as unconditioned stimuli (US). Congruence effects on an affective priming task (APT) for conditioned sounds demonstrated successful EC. Subjective ratings for sounds paired with negative words changed accordingly. In Experiment 2 we investigated whether the acquired valence remains stable after repeated presentation of the conditioned sound without the US or whether extinction occurs. The acquired affective value remained present, albeit weaker, even after 40 extinction trials. These results warrant the use of EC to study processing of short environmental sounds with acquired valence, even if this requires repeated stimulus presentations. This paves the way for studying processing of affective environmental sounds while effectively controlling low level-stimulus properties.
Published: 2012
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17. Functional significance of the emotion-related late positive potential

Author: Stephen B.R.E. Brown, Henk evan Steenbergen, Guido P H Band, Mischa ede Rover, and Sander eNieuwenhuis
Subjects: Perception, emotion, ERP, global inhibition, late positive potential, LPP, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential component over visual cortical areas that is modulated by the emotional intensity of a stimulus. However, the functional significance of this neural modulation remains elusive. We conducted two experiments in which we studied the relation between LPP amplitude, subsequent perceptual sensitivity to a non-emotional stimulus (Experiment 1) and visual cortical excitability, as reflected by P1/N1 components evoked by this stimulus (Experiment 2). During the LPP modulation elicited by unpleasant stimuli, perceptual sensitivity and the P1 component were not affected. In contrast, we found some evidence for a decreased N1 amplitude during the LPP modulation, and consistent negative (but nonsignificant) across-subject correlations between the magnitudes of the LPP modulation and corresponding changes in d-prime or P1/N1 amplitude. The results provide preliminary evidence that the LPP reflects a global inhibition of ongoing activity in visual cortex, resulting in the selective survival of activity associated with the processing of the emotional stimulus.
Published: 2012
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18. Threat but not arousal narrows attention: Evidence from pupil dilation and saccade control

Author: Henk eVan Steenbergen, Guido P H Band, and Bernhard eHommel
Subjects: Arousal, emotion, stress, Valence, threat, antisaccade task, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: It has been shown that negative affect causes attentional narrowing. According to Easterbrook’s (1959) influential hypothesis this effect is driven by the withdrawal motivation inherent to negative emotions and might be related to increases in arousal. We investigated whether valence-unspecific increases in physiological arousal, as measured by pupil dilation, could account for attentional narrowing effects in a cognitive control task. Following the presentation of a negative, positive, or neutral picture, participants performed a saccade task with a prosaccade versus an antisaccade instruction. The reaction time difference between pro- and antisaccades was used to index attentional selectivity, and while pupil diameter was used as an index of physiological arousal. Pupil dilation was observed for both negative and positive pictures, which indicates increased physiological arousal. However, increased attentional selectivity was only observed following negative pictures. Our data show that motivational intensity effects on attentional narrowing can occur independently of physiological arousal effects.
Published: 2011
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19. Genetic modulation of training and transfer in older adults:BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with wider useful field of view

Author: Lorenza S Colzato, Jesse evan Muijden, Guido P H Band, and Bernhard eHommel
Subjects: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Useful Field of View (UFOV), videogame, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Western society has an increasing proportion of older adults. Increasing age is associated with a general decrease in the control over task-relevant mental processes. In the present study we investigated the possibility that successful transfer of game-based cognitive improvements to untrained tasks in elderly people is modulated by preexisting neuro-developmental factors as genetic variability related to levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important neuromodulator underlying cognitive processes. We trained participants, genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, on cognitive tasks developed to improve dynamic attention. Pre-training (baseline) and post-training measures of attentional processes (divided and selective attention) were acquired by means of the Useful Field of View (UFOV) task. As expected, Val/Val homozygous individuals showed larger beneficial transfer effects than Met/-carriers. Our findings support the idea that genetic predisposition modulates transfer effects.
Published: 2011
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20. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus improves Reward-based decision-learning in Parkinson’s Disease

Author: Nelleke Corine Van Wouwe, Scott A. Wylie, Wery P.M. Van Den Wildenberg, Guido P. H. Band, Adetoun A Abisogun, William J. Elias, Robert C. Frysinger, and Richard K.R. Ridderinkhof
Subjects: Basal Ganglia, Deep Brain Stimulation, Subthalamic Nucleus, Parkinson’s disease, probabilistic learning, reward-based decision-learning, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Recently, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to be critically involved in decision-making, action selection, and motor control. Here we investigate the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN on reward-based decision-learning in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We determined computational measures of outcome evaluation and reward prediction from PD patients who performed a probabilistic reward-based decision-learning task. In previous work, these measures covaried with activation in the nucleus caudatus (outcome evaluation during the early phases of learning) and the putamen (reward prediction during later phases of learning). We observed that stimulation of the STN motor regions in PD patients served to improve reward-based decision-learning, probably through its effect on activity in frontostriatal motor loops (prominently involving the putamen and, hence, reward prediction). In a subset of relatively younger patients with relatively shorter disease duration, the effects of DBS appeared to spread to more cognitive regions of the STN, benefitting loops that connect the caudate to various prefrontal areas important for outcome evaluation. These results highlight positive effects of STN stimulation on cognitive functions that may benefit PD patients in daily-life association-learning situations.
Published: 2011
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21. Game-based training of flexibility and attention improves task-switch performance: near and far transfer of cognitive training in an EEG study

Author: Kerwin J. F. Olfers and Guido P. H. Band
Subjects: Adult, Male, Task switching, Adolescent, Universities, Computer science, Decision Making, Aptitude, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Choice Behavior, 050105 experimental psychology, Task (project management), Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Task Performance and Analysis, Reaction Time, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cognitive skill, Students, Video game, Netherlands, Working memory, 05 social sciences, Cognitive flexibility, Flexibility (personality), Electroencephalography, Multitasking Behavior, General Medicine, Cognitive training, Memory, Short-Term, Video Games, Original Article, Female, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: There is a demand for ways to enhance cognitive flexibility, as it can be a limiting factor for performance in daily life. Video game training has been linked to advantages in cognitive functioning, raising the question if training with video games can promote cognitive flexibility. In the current study, we investigated if game-based computerized cognitive training (GCCT) could enhance cognitive flexibility in a healthy young adult sample (N = 72), as measured by task-switch performance. Three GCCT schedules were contrasted, which targeted: (1) cognitive flexibility and task switching, (2) attention and working memory, or (3) an active control involving basic math games, in twenty 45-min sessions across 4–6 weeks. Performance on an alternating-runs task-switch paradigm during pretest and posttest sessions indicated greater overall reaction time improvements after both flexibility and attention training as compared to control, although not related to local switch cost. Flexibility training enhanced performance in the presence of distractor-related interference. In contrast, attention training was beneficial when low task difficulty undermined sustained selective attention. Furthermore, flexibility training improved response selection as indicated by a larger N2 amplitude after training as compared to control, and more efficient conflict monitoring as indicated by reduced Nc/CRN and larger Pe amplitude after training. These results provide tentative support for the efficacy of GCCT and suggest that an ideal training might include both task switching and attention components, with maximal task diversity both within and between training games.
Published: 2017

22. Psychophysiological Contributions to Traffic Safety

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Gianluca Borghini, Karel Brookhuis, and Bruce Mehler
Subjects: Injury control, Poison control, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, lcsh:RC321-571, workload, Behavioral Neuroscience, Injury prevention, Medicine, psychophysiology, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, automation, business.industry, Human factors and ergonomics, Human Neuroscience, traffic performance, Workload, medicine.disease, attention, Psychiatry and Mental health, Editorial, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Psychophysiology, Neurology, fatigue, Medical emergency, business, human factors
Published: 2019

23. Author response: A consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Aditya Murthy, Adam R. Aron, Sharon Morein-Zamir, Joshua W. Brown, Bram B. Zandbelt, Christian Beste, Dawn M. Eagle, Luc Vermeylen, Inge Leunissen, Ian Greenhouse, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Sara Jahfari, Matthew R. Roesch, Christopher D. Chambers, Hans Colonius, Gordon D. Logan, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Brian D. Corneil, Adam T. Brockett, Andrew Heathcote, Nicole C. Swann, Annie Dupuis, Lorenza S. Colzato, Jan R. Wessel, J. Leon Kenemans, Russell A. Poldrack, Jeffrey D. Schall, Robert Whelan, Patrick G. Bissett, James P. Coxon, René J. Huster, Katharine N. Thakkar, Hugh Garavan, Russell Schachar, Katya Rubia, Trevor W. Robbins, Maurits W. van der Molen, Frederick Verbruggen, C. Nico Boehler, K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Dora Matzke, Matthijs Vink, and Martin Paré
Subjects: Computer science, Speech recognition, Stop signal, Task (project management)
Published: 2019

24. Solving the problem of double negation is not impossible: electrophysiological evidence for the cohesive function of sentential negation

Author: Arie Verhagen, Kim Ouwehand, Jurriaan Witteman, Niels O. Schiller, Guido P. H. Band, L. van Lenteren, and Educational and Developmental Psychology
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, Logical equivalence, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, Language and Linguistics, Linguistics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Negation, Double negation, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Function (engineering), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Word (computer architecture), Natural language, Coherence (linguistics), Sentence, media_common, Mathematics
Abstract: In natural languages, two negating elements that cancel each other out (as in not impossible) are logically equivalent to the non-negated word form (in this case, possible). It has been proposed that the function of sentential double negation is to create coherence between sentences containing opposing information. Thus, not impossible is functionally different from possible. The present ERP study tested this hypothesis in Dutch. Native speakers read sentences in which evoked negative expectations are cancelled by a second sentence including either a double negation or the corresponding non-negated word form. Results showed that non-negated word forms, such as possible, elicited a larger N400 effect than double negations, such as not impossible. We suggest that canceling out a negative expectation by a double negation compared to the non-negated word form, makes it easier for the reader to integrate the two sentences semantically and connect them to the present discourse.
Published: 2016

25. Mathematical and Simulation Approach for Synchronization of Two Asynchronous Grids

Author: Prof. Bhushan H Band and Ms. Anuradha D Ingole
Subjects: Induction Motor, Power System, Asynchronous Grid
Abstract: Electrical power is transmitted over the large distances from one power system to another by means of large voltage transmission lines. The connection of various power systems has depended upon the efficient allocation of available power over wide areas. There are many systems available to interconnect asynchronous grids like variable frequency transformer (VFT), HVDC but with nearly same value of grids. The idea is to connect the large different values of grids and for this two induction motors are used and connect them in cascade. The mathematical and simulation results are provided., {"references":["1.\tArezki Merkhouf Pirre Doyon, and Sanjoy Upadhyay, \"Variable Frequency Transformer—Concept and Electromagnetic Design Evaluation\" IEEE Transaction on energy Conversion, Vol.23, No.4 December 2008, pp.989-995.","2.\tRob O'Keefe and David Kidd \"United States and Mexico Cross-Border Variable Frequency transformer to reinforce power transfer between countries\" Controls & Automation, August 2006, pp. 20-26.","3.\tImdadullah, M. Irshad, M. S. Jamil Asghar \"Flexible Asynchronous AC Link for Power System Network Interconnection\" member IEEE, January 2010, pp.1-5.","4.\tD. Picovici, D. Levy, A.E. Mahdi, T. Coffey, \"The cascade induction motor: a Reliable and controllable motor or generator\". Journal of Electric Power Systems Research 68 (2004) pp.193-207.","5.\tQ. P. Ha, J. G. Zhu, and G. Boardman \"Power flow in doubly fed twin stator Induction motors,\" AUPEC 2001, pp. 37–42."]}
Published: 2018
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26. Adherence of stroke patients with an online brain training programme: the role of health professionals' support

Author: C. H. Kromme, E. Stevens, Jorit J. L. Meesters, A.J. (Arend) de Kloet, T. P. M. Vliet Vlieland, P. H. Goossens, Monique A.M. Berger, Manon M. Wentink, Guido P. H. Band, and Ron Wolterbeek
Subjects: Male, 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, ondersteuning, Logistic regression, law.invention, supervision, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intervention (counseling), brain training, cognitieve revalidatie, Medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, adherence, Cognitive skill, Cognitive rehabilitation therapy, Stroke, Aged, Community and Home Care, support, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Stroke Rehabilitation, Cognition, beroerte, Middle Aged, hersentraining, medicine.disease, Cognitive Remediation, Cognitive remediation therapy, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Physical therapy, Patient Compliance, Female, Neurology (clinical), supervisie, cognitive rehabilitation, 0305 other medical science, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background: Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation is used to improve cognitive functioning after stroke. However, knowledge on adherence rates of stroke patients is limited. Objective: To describe stroke patients’ adherence with a brain training program using two frequencies of health professionals’ supervision. Methods: This study is part of a randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of the brain training program (600 min playtime with weekly supervision) with a passive intervention in patients with self-perceived cognitive impairments after stroke. Patients randomized to the control condition were offered the brain training after the trial and received supervision twice (vs weekly in intervention group). Adherence was determined using data from the study website. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the impact of supervision on adherence. Results: 53 patients allocated to the intervention group (group S8; 64% male, mean age 59) and 52 patients who were offered the intervention after the trial (group S2; 59% male, mean age 59) started the brain training. The median playtime was 562 min (range 63–1264) in group S8 vs. 193 min (range 27–2162) in group S2 (p < 0.001, Mann Whitney U). Conclusions: The overall adherence of stroke patients with a brain training was low and there are some implications that systematic, regular interaction with a supervisor can increase training adherence of stroke patients with a restitution-focused intervention performed at home. “This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in "Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation" on 04/17/18, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2018.1459362. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/joritmeesters/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/moniqueberger/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/arend-de-kloet-4329102/
Published: 2018

27. The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report Volume 1: Physics, Technology and Strategies

Author: Collaboration, D, Abi, B, Acciarri, R, Acero, M, Adamowski, M, Adams, C, Adams, D, Adamson, P, Adinolfi, M, Ahmad, Z, Albright, C, Aliaga Soplin, L, Alion, T, Alonso Monsalve, S, Alrashed, M, Alt, C, Anderson, J, Anderson, K, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, M, Andrews, R, Ankowski, A, Anthony, J, Antonello, M, Antonova, M, Antusch, S, Aranda Fernandez, A, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Aristizabal Sierra, D, Arrieta Diaz, E, Asaadi, J, Ascencio, M, Asner, D, Athar, M, Auger, M, Aurisano, A, Aushev, V, Autiero, D, Azfar, F, Back, A, Back, H, Back, J, Backhouse, C, Baesso, P, Bagby, L, Bai, X, Baird, M, Balantekin, B, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Ballett, P, Balleyguier, L, Bambah, B, Band, H, Bansal, M, Bansal, S, Barenboim, G, Barker, G, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Barranco Monarca, J, Barros, N, Barrow, J, Bashyal, A, Basque, V, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bays, K, Bazo, J, Beacom, J, Bechetoille, E, Behera, B, Bellantoni, L, Bellettini, G, Bellini, V, Beltramello, O, Belver, D, Benekos, N, Benetti, P, Bercellie, A, Berman, E, Bernardini, P, Berner, R, Berns, H, Bernstein, R, Bertolucci, S, Betancourt, M, Bhatnagar, V, Bhattacharjee, M, Bhuyan, B, Biagi, S, Bian, J, Biery, K, Bilki, B, Bishai, M, Bitadze, A, Blackburn, T, Blake, A, Blanco Siffert, B, Blaszczyk, F, Blaufuss, E, Blazey, G, Blennow, M, Blucher, E, Bocean, V, Boffelli, F, Boissevain, J, Bolognesi, S, Bolton, T, Bonesini, M, Boone, T, Booth, A, Booth, C, Bordoni, S, Borkum, A, Boschi, T, Bour, P, Bourguille, B, Boyd, S, Boyden, D, Bracinik, J, Brailsford, D, Brandt, A, Bremer, J, Brice, S, Bromberg, C, Brooijmans, G, Brooke, J, Brown, G, Buchanan, N, Budd, H, de Holanda, P, Cai, T, Caiulo, D, Calafiura, P, Calatayud, A, Calcutt, J, Callahan, C, Calligarich, E, Calvo, E, Camilleri, L, Caminata, A, Campanelli, M, Cancelo, G, Cankocak, K, Cantini, C, Caratelli, D, Carlus, B, Carneiro, M, Caro Terrazas, I, Carroll, T, Carvallo, M, Cascella, M, Castromonte, C, Catano-Mur, E, Cavalli-Sforza, M, Cavanna, F, Cazzato, E, Centro, S, Cerati, G, Cervelli, A, Cervera Villanueva, A, Cervi, T, Chalifour, M, Chappuis, A, Chatterjee, A, Chattopadhyay, S, Chaves, J, Chen, H, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cherdack, D, Chi, C, Childress, S, Cho, K, Choubey, S, Choudhary, B, Christensen, A, Christian, D, Christodoulou, G, Christofferson, C, Church, E, Clarke, P, Coan, T, Cocco, A, Collin, G, Conley, E, Conrad, J, Convery, M, Corey, R, Corwin, L, Cotte, P, Cremonesi, L, Crespo-Anadón, J, Creus Prats, J, Cristaldo, E, Crivelli, P, Cronin-Hennessy, D, Crowley, C, Cuesta, C, Curioni, A, Cussans, D, Dabrowski, M, Dale, D, Da Motta, H, Davenne, T, Davenport, E, Davies, G, Davies, J, Davini, S, Dawson, J, De, K, Decowski, M, Dedin Neto, P, de Icaza Astiz, I, Delbart, A, Delepine, D, Delgado, M, Dell, A, de Mello Neto, J, Demuth, D, Deng, Z, Dennis, S, Densham, C, De Bonis, I, De Gouvêa, A, De Jong, P, De Lurgio, P, De Rijck, S, De Roeck, A, de Vries, J, Dharmapalan, R, Dhingra, N, Diamantopoulou, M, Diaz, F, Díaz, J, Diaz Bautista, G, Ding, P, Distefano, C, Diwan, M, Di Domizio, S, Di Giulio, L, Di Luise, S, Djurcic, Z, Doizon, F, Dokania, N, Dolinski, M, Dong, R, dos Anjos, J, Douglas, D, Drake, G, Duchesneau, D, Duffy, K, Dung, B, Dutta, D, Duvernois, M, Duyang, H, Dvornikov, O, Dwyer, D, Dye, S, Dyshkant, A, Dytman, S, Eads, M, Eberly, B, Edmunds, D, Eisch, J, Elagin, A, Elliott, S, Ellsworth, W, Elnimr, M, Emery, S, Eno, S, Ereditato, A, Escobar, C, Escudero Sanchez, L, Evans, J, Ezeribe, A, Fahey, K, Falcone, A, Falk, L, Farbin, A, Farnese, C, Farzan, Y, Fasoli, M, Fava, A, Felix, J, Fernandez-Martinez, E, Fernandez Menendez, P, Ferraro, F, Feyzi, F, Fields, L, Filkins, A, Filthaut, F, Finch, A, Fischer, O, Fitton, M, Fitzpatrick, R, Flanagan, W, Fleming, B, Flight, R, Forest, T, Fowler, J, Fox, W, Franc, J, Francis, K, Franchini, P, Franco, D, Freeman, J, Freestone, J, Fried, J, Friedland, A, Fuess, S, Furic, I, Furmanski, A, Gago, A, Gallagher, H, Gallego-Ros, A, Galymov, V, Gamberini, E, Gambetta, S, Gamble, 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Dhingra, M. Diamantopoulou, F. Diaz, J. S. Díaz, G. Diaz Bautista, P. Ding, C. Distefano, M. Diwan, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, S. Di Luise, Z. Djurcic, F. Doizon, N. Dokania, M. J. Dolinski, R. Dong, J. dos Anjos, D. Douglas, G. Drake, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, B. Dung, D. Dutta, M. Duvernois, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. A. Dwyer, S. Dye, A. S. Dyshkant, S. Dytman, M. Eads, B. Eberly, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, A. Elagin, S. Elliott, W. Ellsworth, M. Elnimr, S. Emery, S. Eno, A. Ereditato, C. O. Escobar, L. Escudero Sanchez, J. J. Evans, A. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, L. Falk, A. Farbin, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, M. Fasoli, A. Fava, J. Felix, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, F. Ferraro, F. Feyzi, L. Fields, A. Filkins, F. Filthaut, A. Finch, O. Fischer, M. Fitton, R. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. T. Fleming, R. Flight, T. Forest, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, P. Franchini, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I. Furic, A. Furmanski, A. M. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallego-Ros, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, S. Gambetta, T. Gamble, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, J. Gehrlein, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, A. Ghosh, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, S. Glavin, D. Goeldi, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. Gomez, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, J. J. Gomez Cadenas, H. Gong, F. Gonnella, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, M. Goodman, O. Goodwin, D. Gorbunov, S. Goswami, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, N. Graf, M. Graham, E. Gramellini, R. Gran, A. Grant, C. Grant, N. Grant, V. Greco, S. Green, H. Greenlee, L. Greenler, M. Greenwood, J. Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, G. Guanghua, E. Guardincerri, V. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, R. Guenette, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, S. Gupta, V. Gupta, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, A. Habig, R. W. Hackenburg, A. Hackenburg, B. Hackett, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haigh, T. Haines, J. Haiston, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, T. Handler, S. Hans, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hasegawa, R. Hatcher, A. Hatzikoutelis, S. Hays, E. Hazen, M. Headley, A. Heavey, K. Heegerv, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, S. Henry, A. Hernandez, J. Hernandez-Garcia, K. Herner, J. Hewes, J. Hignight, A. Higuera, T. Hill, S. Hillier, A. Himmel, C. Hohl, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, S. Horikawa, G. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Hugon, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, R. Illingworth, J. Insler, G. Introzzi, A. Ioannisian, A. Izmaylov, D. E. Jaffe, C. James, E. James, C. -H. Jang, F. Jediny, Y. S. Jeong, A. Jhingan, W. Ji, A. Jipa, S. Jiménez, C. Johnson, M. Johnson, R. Johnson, J. Johnstone, B. Jones, S. Jones, J. Joshi, H. Jostlein, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, F. Kamiya, Y. Kamyshkov, G. Karagiorgi, D. Karasavvas, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. Kasetti, K. Kaur, B. Kayser, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, E. Kemp, C. Kendziora, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, D. Kim, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, Y. -J. Ko, T. Kobilarcik, B. Kocaman, L. W. Koerner, S. Kohn, G. Koizumi, P. Koller, A. Kopylov, M. Kordosky, L. Kormos, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, M. Kramer, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, K. Kriesel, W. Kropp, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, L. Kumar, A. Kumar, S. Kumbhare, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, R. LaZur, K. Lande, C. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, F. Lanni, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, I. Lazanu, T. Le, J. Learned, P. Lebrun, D. Lee, G. Lehmann Miotto, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Q. Li, S. Li, S. W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, H. -Y. Liao, S. -K. Lin, C-J. S. Lin, R. Linehan, V. Linhart, J. Link, Z. Liptak, D. Lissauer, L. Littenberg, B. Littlejohn, J. Liu, T. Liu, L. LoMonaco, J. M. LoSecco, S. Lockwitz, N. Lockyer, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, K. Long, K. Loo, J. P. Lopez, D. Lorca, T. Lord, M. Losada, W. C. Louis, M. Luethi, K. -B. Luk, T. Lundin, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, J. Lykken, J. Maalampi, R. MacLellan, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. Macier, P. Madigan, S. Magill, G. Mahler, K. Mahn, M. Malek, J. A. Maloney, F. Mammoliti, S. K. Mandal, G. Mandrioli, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, S. Marcocci, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, D. Martinez, N. Martinez, H. Martinez, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, M. Masud, H. Mathez, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, N. McCauley, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. McDonald, K. S. McFarland, C. McGivern, A. McGowan, C. McGrew, R. McKeown, A. McNab, D. McNulty, R. McTaggart, V. Meddage, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, D. Mei, O. Mena, S. Menary, H. Mendez, D. P. Mendez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. Messier, W. Metcalf, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, J. Migenda, R. Milincic, J. Miller, W. Miller, J. Mills, C. Milne, O. Mineev, O. Miranda, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, B. Mitrica, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. Montano Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, C. Moore, D. Moreno, B. Morgan, G. F. Moroni, C. Morris, W. Morse, C. Mossey, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, L. Mualem, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, G. Navarro, J. Navarro, D. Navas-Nicolás, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, M. Needham, K. Negishi, J. Nelson, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, R. Nichol, T. C. Nicholls, E. Niner, A. Norman, B. Norris, J. Norris, P. Novella, E. Nowak, J. Nowak, M. S. Nunes, H. O'Keeffe, M. Oberling, A. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, T. Ovsjannikova, S. Ozturk, L. Pagani, S. Pakvasa, O. Palamara, J. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, J. Palomino, E. Pantic, A. Paolo, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, S. Paramesvaran, J. Park, S. Parke, Z. Parsa, S. Pascoli, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, P. Payam, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, G. N. Perdue, O. l. G. Peres, L. Periale, K. Petridis, G. Petrillo, R. Petti, P. Picchi, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, J. Pillow, P. Plonski, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, M. Popovic, R. Pordes, S. Pordes, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. Potukuchi, S. Poudel, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, T. Prakasj, R. Preece, O. Prokofiev, N. Pruthi, P. Przewlocki, F. Psihas, D. PugnËre, D. Pushka, K. Qi, X. Qian, J. L. Raaf, R. Raboanary, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, V. Radescu, B. Radics, A. Radovic, A. Rafique, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, H. T. Rakotondramanana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. A. Ramachers, R. A. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, J. Ramsey, B. J. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. L. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Ravat, O. Ravinez, H. Razafinime, B. Rebel, D. Redondo, C. Regenfus, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, J. Reichenbacher, D. Reitzner, M. H. Reno, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, K. Rielage, K. Riesselmann, Y. -A. Rigaut, D. Rivera, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, B. Roe, A. J. Roeth, R. M. Roser, M. Ross-Lonergan, M. Rossella, J. Rout, S. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, R. Rucinski, B. Russell, J. Russell, D. Ruterbories, M. R. Vagins, R. Saakyan, N. Sahu, P. Sala, G. Salukvadze, N. Samios, F. Sanchez, M. C. Sanchez, C. Sandoval, B. Sands, S. U. Sankar, S. Santana, L. M. Santos, G. Santucci, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarpelli, T. Schaffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, C. M. Schloesser, D. W. Schmitz, J. Schneps, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, S. Sehrawat, J. Sensenig, I. Seong, J. A. Sepulveda-Quiroz, A. Sergi, F. Sergiampietri, D. Sessumes, K. Sexton, L. Sexton-Kennedy, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, J. S. Shahi, S. Shahsavarani, P. Shanahan, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, R. K. Sharma, T. Shaw, S. Shin, I. Shoemaker, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, V. Singh, J. Singh, I. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, K. Siyeon, D. Smargianaki, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E. L. Snider, P. Snopok, J. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, N. Solomey, W. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. A. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, A. Stefanik, H. M. Steiner, J. Stewart, J. Stock, F. Stocker, S. Stoica, J. Stone, J. Strait, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, G. Sullivan, M. Sultana, Y. Sun, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, N. Tagg, R. Talaga, H. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, L. F. Thompson, J. Thompson, C. Thorn, A. Timilsina, S. C. Timm, J. Todd, A. Tonazzo, T. Tope, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tórtola, F. Tortorici, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, J. Trevor, M. Tripathi, W. Tromeur, I. Tropin, W. H. Trzaska, Y. -T. Tsai, K. V. Tsang, A. Tsaris, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, J. Turner, M. Tzanov, E. Tziaferi, Y. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, L. Valerio, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, R. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, F. Varanini, G. Varner, J. Vasel, G. Vasseur, K. Vaziri, G. Velev, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, M. Vermeulen, E. Vernon, M. Verzocchi, T. Viant, C. Vignoli, S. Vihonen, C. Vilela, B. Viren, P. Vokac, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, D. Wahl, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, T. -C. Wang, B. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. O. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, W. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, M. While, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, K. Wierman, M. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. Willhite, Z. Williams, R. J. Wilson, P. Wilson, P. Wittich, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, K. Wood, L. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, S. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xu, C. Yanagisawa, S. Yang, T. Yang, G. Yang, J. Ye, M. Yeh, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, L. Yoshimura, B. Yu, J. Yu, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, K. Zaremba, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, Y. -L. Zhou, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, and R. Zwaska
Abstract: The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE Far Detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 1 contains an executive summary that describes the general aims of this document. The remainder of this first volume provides a more detailed description of the DUNE physics program that drives the choice of detector technologies. It also includes concise outlines of two overarching systems that have not yet evolved to consortium structures: computing and calibration. Volumes 2 and 3 of this IDR describe, for the single-phase and dual-phase technologies, respectively, each detector module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure.
Published: 2018

28. The ten-year experience of firework injuries treated at a uk regional burnsplastic surgery unit

Author: M, Nizamoglu, Q, Frew, A, Tan, H, Band, B, Band, D, Barnes, N, El-Muttardi, and P, Dziewulski
Abstract: Fireworks are used worldwide to celebrate national, religious, cultural festivals and holidays. However the use of fireworks is associated with preventable injuries. We aim to review cases of burns and trauma caused by fireworks presenting to a regional burns and plastic surgery unit in the United Kingdom. We hope our findings will help to guide future firework-related safety practices in the UK. A retrospective review was performed of all patients presenting to our tertiary burns and plastic surgery unit with burns and/or trauma sustained from fireworks over a ten-year period from October 2004 to October 2014. A total of 93 patients were identified. Medical case notes were reviewed, patient demographics, aetiology of injury, management and patient outcomes were recorded. A cohort of 93 patients with burn injuries caused by fireworks were identified from our database. A total of 74% injuries occurred in October and November. Mechanism of injury included contact, flash, flame burns and injury secondary to blast force. Most injuries sustained were to the hands, followed by head and neck, torso, limbs and perineum in descending order of frequency. A total of 38.7% of patients required surgery for their wounds. Fireworks not only result in significant burn injuries, but also eye injuries, soft tissue defects and fractures requiring a spectrum of plastic surgical interventions. The number and severity of accidents can be minimised by raising awareness regarding safety precautions.Les feux d’artifices (FA) sont utilisés mondialement, dans des contextes festifs variés (religieux, nationaux, culturels, locaux). Les accidents qui y sont liés sont évitables. Nous avons étudié les brûlures et les traumatismes liés aux FA se présentant dans notre CTB, espérant que ceci permettra la mise en place de mesures de prévention dans l’ensemble du Royaume Uni. Nous avons revu rétrospectivement les dossiers des 93 patients pris en charge dans notre CTB entre octobre 2004 et octobre 2014 après un accident de FA. Les données démographiques, étiologiques, de prise en charge et évolutives ont été colligées. Les ¾ des accidents étaient survenus en octobre et novembre. Les mécanismes vulnérants étaient le contact, le flash, la flamme et le blast. Les mains étaient la région la plus fréquemment touchée, suivies par ordre décroissant par la région cervico-céphalique, le torse, les membres et le périnée. Trente huit virgule sept pour cent des patients pont du être opérés. Les accidents de FA entraînent non seulement des brûlures mais aussi des atteintes oculaires, des pertes de substance cutanées et des fractures pouvant nécessiter des interventions dans un large spectre de la chirurgie reconstructrice. Le nombre et la gravité de ces accidents peut être diminués par une application accrue des mesures de précaution.
Published: 2017

29. Integration of a versatile bridge concept in a 34 GHz pulsed/CW EPR spectrometer

Author: Shraeya Madhu, Veronika A. Szalai, Boris Epel, Matthew P. Donohue, and Alan H. Band
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Spectrometer, business.industry, Pulsed EPR, Detector, Biophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, 0104 chemical sciences, Optoelectronics, Continuous wave, Radio frequency, Wideband, 0210 nano-technology, business, Passband, High dynamic range
Abstract: We present a 34 GHz continuous wave (CW)/pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer capable of pulse-shaping that is based on a versatile microwave bridge design. The bridge radio frequency (RF)-in/RF-out design (500 MHz to 1 GHz input/output passband, 500 MHz instantaneous input/output bandwidth) creates a flexible platform with which to compare a variety of excitation and detection methods utilizing commercially available equipment external to the bridge. We use three sources of RF input to implement typical functions associated with CW and pulse EPR spectroscopic measurements. The bridge output is processed via high speed digitizer and an in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) demodulator for pulsed work or sent to a wideband, high dynamic range log detector for CW. Combining this bridge with additional commercial hardware and new acquisition and control electronics, we have designed and constructed an adaptable EPR spectrometer that builds upon previous work in the literature and is functionally comparable to other available systems.
Published: 2017

30. The Effects of Spacing, Naps, and Fatigue on the Acquisition and Retention of Laparoscopic Skills

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Edward N. Spruit, Kristiaan B. van der Heijden, and Jaap F. Hamming
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Rest, Speech recognition, Over training, Operative Time, education, Box trainer, laparoscopy, Statistics, Nonparametric, simulation powernap, Education, Simulation training, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Task Performance and Analysis, medicine, Humans, Simulation Training, Fatigue, Schools, Medical, Laparoscopic training, Netherlands, Chi-Square Distribution, motor skills, Retention, Psychology, Sensory input, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical therapy, Female, Surgery, Clinical Competence, Sleep, Psychology, consolidation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Earlier research has shown that laparoscopic skills are trained more efficiently on a spaced schedule compared to a massed schedule. The aim of the study was to estimate to what extent the spacing interval, naps, and fatigue influenced the effectiveness of spacing laparoscopy training. Methods Overall 4 groups of trainees (aged 17-41y; 72% female; N massed = 40; N break = 35; N break-nap = 37; N spaced = 37) without prior experience were trained in 3 laparoscopic tasks using a physical box trainer with different scheduling interventions. The first (massed) group received three 100-minute training sessions consecutively on a single day. The second (break) group received the sessions interrupted with two 45-minute breaks. The third (break-nap) group had the same schedule as the second group, but had two 35-minute powernap intervals during the breaks. The fourth (spaced) group had the 3 sessions on 3 consecutive days. A retention session was organized approximately 3 months after training. Results The results showed an overall pattern of superior performance at the end of training and at retention for the spaced group, followed by the break-nap, break, and massed group, respectively. The spaced and break-nap group significantly outperformed the break and massed group, with effect sizes ranging from 0.20 to 0.37. Conclusions Spacing laparoscopic training over 3 consecutive days or weeks is superior to massed training, even if the massed training contains breaks. Breaks with sleep opportunity (i.e., lying, inactive, and muted sensory input) enhance performance over training with regular breaks and traditional massed training.
Published: 2017

31. Inconsistent Effect of Arousal on Early Auditory Perception

Author: Pieter Jan M. Stallen, Guido P. H. Band, and Anna C. Bolders
Subjects: Auditory perception, Sensory processing, mood, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, masked-auditory threshold, Arousal, Pleasure, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, arousal, psychophysics, mental disorders, medicine, Psychophysics, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Active listening, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, General Psychology, Original Research, media_common, 05 social sciences, affective modulation, auditory perception, Mood, hearing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Mood has been shown to influence cognitive performance. However, little is known about the influence of mood on sensory processing, specifically in the auditory domain. With the current study, we sought to investigate how auditory processing of neutral sounds is affected by the mood state of the listener. This was tested in two experiments by measuring masked-auditory detection thresholds before and after a standard mood-induction procedure. In the first experiment (N = 76), mood was induced by imagining a mood-appropriate event combined with listening to mood inducing music. In the second experiment (N = 80), imagining was combined with affective picture viewing to exclude any possibility of confounding the results by acoustic properties of the music. In both experiments, the thresholds were determined by means of an adaptive staircase tracking method in a two-interval forced-choice task. Masked detection thresholds were compared between participants in four different moods (calm, happy, sad, and anxious), which enabled differentiation of mood effects along the dimensions arousal and pleasure. Results of the two experiments were analyzed both in separate analyses and in a combined analysis. The first experiment showed that, while there was no impact of pleasure level on the masked threshold, lower arousal was associated with lower threshold (higher masked sensitivity). However, as indicated by an interaction effect between experiment and arousal, arousal did have a different effect on the threshold in Experiment 2. Experiment 2 showed a trend of arousal in opposite direction. These results show that the effect of arousal on auditory-masked sensitivity may depend on the modality of the mood-inducing stimuli. As clear conclusions regarding the genuineness of the arousal effect on the masked threshold cannot be drawn, suggestions for further research that could clarify this issue are provided.
Published: 2017

32. The Case of the Leiden 'Lifestyle 2030' Study

Author: Kerwin J. F. Olfers, Guido P. H. Band, Bernhard Hommel, and Lorenza S. Colzato
Subjects: education.field_of_study, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Applied psychology, Psychological intervention, Physical exercise, Cognition, Vitality, Constructed language, The Internet, Meditation, business, education, Psychology, media_common
Abstract: Considering the steady growth of elderly populations and the great importance of cognitive functions for leading an independent, self-fulfilling life, it is crucial to understand how cognitive functions can be preserved and, if possible, promoted in old age. What are useful interventions for this purpose and how do we go about testing these? While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to intervention studies, we suggest that the development of effective cognitive enhancement programs will strongly depend on methods that explicitly address issues of ecological and population validity. We illustrate this point by discussing our experience with implementing Lifestyle 2030, a large-scale, Internet-based study at Leiden University. The participants of this study were randomly assigned to one of multiple interventions, such as physical exercise, meditation, learning a new language, brain-training games, or an active control condition. We argue that such online approaches, which compare multiple easy-access at-home trainings, are key to finding effective interventions that translate readily to real-world applications. However, important challenges remain for online studies, most notably concerning high drop-out rates and reduced efficacy. Future studies might benefit from an increased focus on social factors to increase training adherence.
Published: 2017

33. Increasing efficiency of surgical training: effects of spacing practice on skill acquisition and retention in laparoscopy training

Author: Jaap F. Hamming, Guido P. H. Band, and Edward N. Spruit
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, education, Motor skills, Context (language use), behavioral disciplines and activities, Training (civil), Dreyfus model of skill acquisition, Young Adult, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Training, Laparoscopy, Motor skill, Spacing, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Teaching, Retention, Psychology, Distributed practice, Surgical training, Physical therapy, Distributed Practice, Female, Surgery, Clinical Competence, Clinical competence, business
Abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of spaced versus massed practice on skill acquisition and retention in the context of laparoscopic motor skill training.Reaching proficiency in performing laparoscopic surgery involves extensive training to acquire the required motor skills. Conventionally, training of such skills occurs during a full day training event utilizing surgical simulators that train specific motor skills pertinent to laparoscopic surgery. An important variable to consider is the optimal schedule for laparoscopic motor training.In this study, two groups of trainees without prior experience were trained on a variety of physical box-trainer tasks on different time-schedules. One group received three 75-min training sessions on a single day (massed condition) and the other received one 75-min training session per week for three consecutive weeks (spaced condition). Short- and long-term retention were assessed 2 weeks and 1 year after the completion of training.Outcome measures indicated better performance at the end of training, at a 2-week delayed retention session and at a 1-year retention session for the group that received training on a spaced schedule. This spacing effect was most pronounced for the more difficult laparoscopic training tasks such as intra-corporeal suturing. On average, 21 % of participants in the massed group and 65 % in the spaced group reached proficiency by the end of training.Spacing practice of laparoscopic motor skill training will facilitate skill acquisition, short-term and long-term retention, and thus, a more efficient learning process for trainees. Though more challenging in terms of logistics, training courses in medical centers should distribute practice sessions over longer time intervals.
Published: 2014

34. Sculpturing for Students: The marriage of art and science to enhance anatomical education

Author: T. Arif, H. Band, I. Cosentini, and H. Jeon
Subjects: Medical education, business.industry, Medicine, Surgery, General Medicine, business
Published: 2018

35. SELECTION AND ANALYSIS OF 5 kW GRID CONNECTED ROOF TOP SOLAR POWER PLANT: A CASE STUDY

Author: B. H. Band and A. D. Ingole
Subjects: Solar power plant, Environmental science, Grid, Roof, Selection (genetic algorithm), Marine engineering
Published: 2019

36. Optimal training design for procedural motor skills: a review and application to laparoscopic surgery

Author: Edward N. Spruit, K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Jaap F. Hamming, Guido P. H. Band, and Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG)
Subjects: Laparoscopic surgery, Medical education, Transfer, Psychology, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognition, General Medicine, behavioral disciplines and activities, Session (web analytics), Dreyfus model of skill acquisition, Empirical research, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Motor Skills, Practice, Psychological, Errorless learning, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Computer Simulation, Laparoscopy, Psychology, Motor skill, Mental image
Abstract: This literature review covers the choices to consider in training complex procedural, perceptual and motor skills. In particular, we focus on laparoscopic surgery. An overview is provided of important training factors modulating the acquisition, durability, transfer, and efficiency of trained skills. We summarize empirical studies and their theoretical background on the topic of training complex cognitive and motor skills that are pertinent to proficiency in laparoscopic surgery. The overview pertains to surgical simulation training for laparoscopy, but also to training in other demanding procedural and dexterous tasks, such as aviation, managing complex systems and sports. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for facilitating efficiency in laparoscopic motor skill training such as session spacing, adaptive training, task variability, part-task training, mental imagery and deliberate practice.
Published: 2013

37. The effects of an 8-week computer-based brain training programme on cognitive functioning, QoL and self-efficacy after stroke

Author: Monique A.M. Berger, Guido P. H. Band, P. H. Goossens, T. P. M. Vliet Vlieland, Jorit J. L. Meesters, Ron Wolterbeek, Manon M. Wentink, and A.J. (Arend) de Kloet
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Neuropsychological Tests, 050105 experimental psychology, cognitive functioning, rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Cognition, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Quality of life, Surveys and Questionnaires, brain training, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Attention, Cognitive Dysfunction, Single-Blind Method, Cognitive skill, gaming, Stroke, Applied Psychology, computer, Aged, Self-efficacy, Rehabilitation, Working memory, 05 social sciences, Neuropsychology, Stroke Rehabilitation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Memory, Short-Term, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Cognitive impairment after stroke has a direct impact on daily functioning and quality of life (QoL) of patients and is associated with higher mortality and healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a computer-based brain training programme on cognitive functioning, QoL and self-efficacy compared to a control condition in stroke patients. Stroke patients with self-perceived cognitive impairment were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. The intervention consisted of an 8-week brain training programme (Lumosity Inc.®). The control group received general information about the brain weekly. Assessments consisted of a set of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires. In addition, adherence with trained computer tasks was recorded. No effect of the training was found on cognitive functioning, QoL or self-efficacy when compared to the control condition, except for very limited effects on working memory and speed. This study found very limited effects on neuropsychological tests that were closely related to trained computer tasks, but no transfers to other tests or self-perceived cognitive failures, QoL or self-efficacy. These findings warrant the need for further research into the value of computer-based brain training to improve cognitive functioning in the chronic phase after stroke.
Published: 2016

38. Effects of Game and Game-Like Training on Neurocognitive Plasticity

Author: Michelle W. Voss, Heleen A. Slagter, Guido P. H. Band, Chandramallika Basak, FMG, and Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG)
Subjects: Working memory training, 050105 experimental psychology, neuromodulators, working memory, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Game design, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, cognitive control, Biological Psychiatry, Game mechanics, prefrontal cortex, learning, 05 social sciences, Cognition, videogame, Implicit learning, Cognitive training, Psychiatry and Mental health, Editorial, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, Brain stimulation, plasticity, Psychology, Social psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive load, Cognitive psychology, Neuroscience, training effects
Abstract: Playing videogames is a widely practiced leisure activity. Because of the time spent playing and the interactive content, game-guided learning could potentially supplement or replace more traditional mediums for learning and rehabilitation. There are many shades of gray between pure cognitive training, where the participant pursues the goal of a cognitive benefit directly, and game-based training, where training is contained in activities with their own intrinsic motivational value. Finding the optimal approach requires a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms (cf. Karbach and Schubert, 2013). We therefore conducted a research topic entitled “Effects of game and game-like training on neurocognitive plasticity,” composed of eight empirical papers, an opinion paper and a review that contribute to the quest for effective ways to employ game-guided learning. Several studies have shown benefits from videogames for cognitive functions such as visual attention (Green and Bavelier, 2003, 2007), and multitasking (Basak et al., 2008; Anguera et al., 2013). However, transfer of cognitive training to criterion tasks is not always observed. For a reliable picture of game effects, methodological rigor is necessary; to recalibrate positive findings (Redick and Webster) and to give way to publication of reliable null-results (Boot et al., 2011). Optimizing methodology is an ongoing process, as Zelinski et al. demonstrated using structural equation modeling to validly evaluate transfer. How do games make training more effective? Games can help overcome cognitive limitations by employing adaptive difficulty, informative feedback, and a sufficient dosage (Mishra and Gazzaley). But the positive role that is often attributed to increased motivation (Habgood and Ainsworth, 2011), prolonged immersion and fun inherent in games may be overestimated. Wang et al. tested the optimal way to schedule a working memory training intervention. They found that transfer from training to fluid intelligence scores occurred only after spreading training sessions over 20 days, and not after any of the denser schedules. Thus, long game sessions may not be the most efficient way to learn. Katz et al. performed a systematic study to identify motivational game features that could boost children's working memory. Surprisingly, game elements such as real-time score displays modulated learning only negatively. This illustrates that mere addition of game elements to disguise the burden of active training works counterproductive. Rather, game-guided training should comply with the same evidence-based principles as traditional forms of training (e.g., Schmidt and Bjork, 1992; Pashler et al., 2007). What are the cognitive mechanisms that make games beneficial for training? Both game designers and trainers acknowledge the difficulty of merging gaming with training features. When there is too much focus on cognitive benefit, game elements may fail to raise motivation. Conversely, when game elements dominate, they exert a cognitive load at the expense of capacity available for target training (cf. Sweller et al., 1998), or at least draw attention away from the target training. It is fair to assume that the amount of learning is a function of the intensity and the focus of attention for relevant learning material. Indeed, Nikolaidis et al. demonstrated that individual differences in the working memory related brain response to game training are predictive of post-intervention changes on the Sternberg memory search task. The influence of attentional focus and intensity in games can be translated to game effects on neuromodulation (e.g., Deveau et al.). Reward is a common game ingredient, associated with the release of dopamine (Koepp et al., 1998) and consequently, new habit formation. Gaming elements can help preserve reward responsiveness as measured in ventral striatum after training (Lorenz et al.). Furthermore, games often trigger arousal, characterized by phasic norepinephrine release, which facilitates attention and memory encoding (Tully and Bolshakov, 2010). Note, however, that trainees vary in neuromodulatory activity across age groups and between trainees with and without psychopathology (e.g., schizophrenia, ADHD). Thus, game mechanics should ideally adapt to individual differences in optimal levels of reward, reward responsiveness (cf. Gray, 1982) and arousal. A different form of brain stimulation targets brain activity at EEG spectral bands associated with attention, working memory and control. Reedijk et al. used binaural beats to entrain target frequencies alpha (10 Hz) or gamma (40 Hz), which led to improved divergent thinking scores, at least for participants with lower dopamine levels. The same reasoning, that entrainment of the brain activity spectrum can improve cognitive performance, is followed in applying neurofeedback and transcranial AC stimulation. Mishra and Gazzaley argued that integrating such entrainment techniques into games, the closed-loop approach, may be able to boost game efficacy. Finally, games can target qualitative changes in task performance. Bavelier et al. (2012) argued that transfer occurs if games help in “learning to learn,” which involves better selection of relevant information and recognition of a problem structure. Stamenova et al. found data challenging this principle, however. They trained older adults to better distinguish targets from foils in a recollection training task. Although false alarm rates decreased, there was no transfer to non-trained memory tests, possibly because the stimulus set used for training was too limited. Generalization of learning increases as variability in input and training tasks increases (Schmidt and Bjork, 1992). High variability at the level of the learning material likely fosters learning at a more abstract level of representation (Green and Bavelier, 2008; Slagter, 2012). Another example of a qualitative cognitive change by game-guided training is the observation of Connors et al. who trained blind participants navigation through a building, using either audio- or game-guided training. Although standard performance improved equally for both groups, the game-guided training group could apply the same spatial knowledge faster and more flexibly, suggesting deeper or more implicit learning. In sum, game elements have clear potential to improve training via multiple mechanisms. Perhaps the largest challenge in optimizing the efficacy of game-guided training is to gear interventions to individual differences. Variable brain anatomy, connectivity, baseline performance, age, neuromodulation, and strategy use can all modulate effects of game training parameters. As more is known about the neurocognitive properties of the trainee, games can be adapted accordingly. Ultimately, this approach would merge game design with insights from cognitive neuroscience and educational neuroscience.
Published: 2016
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39. The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector: KM3NeT Collaboration

Author: S. Adrián-Martínez, M. Ageron, F. Aharonian, S. Aiello, A. Albert, F. Ameli, E. G. Anassontzis, G. C. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, S. Anvar, M. Ardid, T. Avgitas, K. Balasi, H. Band, G. Barbarino, E. Barbarito, F. Barbato, B. Baret, S. Baron, J. Barrios, A. Belias, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, A. Berkien, V. Bertin, S. Beurthey, V. van Beveren, N. Beverini, S. Biagi, A. Biagioni, S. Bianucci, M. Billault, A. Birbas, H. Boer Rookhuizen, R. Bormuth, V. Bouché, B. Bouhadef, G. Bourlis, C. Boutonnet, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, G. Cacopardo, L. Caillat, M. Calamai, D. Calvo, A. Capone, L. Caramete, F. Caruso, S. Cecchini, A. Ceres, R. Cereseto, C. Champion, F. Château, T. Chiarusi, B. Christopoulou, M. Circella, L. Classen, R. Cocimano, A. Coleiro, S. Colonges, R. Coniglione, A. Cosquer, M. Costa, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, G. Cuttone, C. D’Amato, A. D’Amico, G. De Bonis, G. De Rosa, N. Deniskina, J.-J. Destelle, C. Distefano, F. Di Capua, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, Q. Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, E. Drakopoulou, D. Drouhin, L. Drury, D. Durand, T. Eberl, D. Elsaesser, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, L. A. Fusco, D. Gajanana, T. Gal, S. Galatà, F. Garufi, M. Gebyehu, V. Giordano, N. Gizani, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, R. Grasso, G. Grella, A. Grmek, R. Habel, H. van Haren, T. Heid, A. Heijboer, E. Heine, S. Henry, J. J. Hernández-Rey, B. Herold, M. A. Hevinga, M. van der Hoek, J. Hofestädt, J. Hogenbirk, C. Hugon, J. Hößl, M. Imbesi, C. W. James, P. Jansweijer, J. Jochum, M. de Jong, M. Jongen, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, A. Kappes, E. Kappos, U. Katz, O. Kavatsyuk, P. Keller, G. Kieft, E. Koffeman, H. Kok, P. Kooijman, J. Koopstra, A. Korporaal, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, P. Lamare, G. Larosa, D. Lattuada, H. Le Provost, K. P. Leismüller, A. Leisos, D. Lenis, E. Leonora, M. Lindsey Clark, C. D. Llorens Alvarez, H. Löhner, A. Lonardo, S. Loucatos, F. Louis, E. Maccioni, K. Mannheim, K. Manolopoulos, A. Margiotta, O. Mariş, C. Markou, J. A. Martínez-Mora, A. Martini, R. Masullo, K. W. Melis, T. Michael, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, A. Miraglia, C. M. Mollo, M. Mongelli, M. Morganti, S. Mos, Y. Moudden, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, C. Nicolaou, C. A. Nicolau, A. Orlando, A. Orzelli, A. Papaikonomou, R. Papaleo, G. E. Păvălaş, H. Peek, C. Pellegrino, M. G. Pellegriti, C. Perrina, P. Piattelli, K. Pikounis, V. Popa, Th. Pradier, M. Priede, G. Pühlhofer, S. Pulvirenti, C. Racca, F. Raffaelli, N. Randazzo, P. A. Rapidis, P. Razis, D. Real, L. Resvanis, J. Reubelt, G. Riccobene, A. Rovelli, M. Saldaña, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, A. Santangelo, P. Sapienza, J. Schmelling, J. Schnabel, V. Sciacca, M. Sedita, T. Seitz, I. Sgura, F. Simeone, V. Sipala, A. Spitaleri, M. Spurio, G. Stavropoulos, J. Steijger, T. Stolarczyk, D. Stransky, M. Taiuti, G. Terreni, D. Tézier, S. Théraube, L. F. Thompson, P. Timmer, L. Trasatti, A. Trovato, M. Tselengidou, A. Tsirigotis, S. Tzamarias, E. Tzamariudaki, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, J. Vermeulen, P. Vernin, P. Vicini, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, P. Werneke, L. Wiggers, J. Wilms, E. de Wolf, R. H. L. van Wooning, E. Zonca, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, A. Zwart, Adrian-Martinez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Androulakis, G. C., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Anvar, S., Ardid, M., Avgitas, T., Balasi, K., Band, H., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Baret, B., Baron, S., Barrios, J., Belias, A., Berbee, E., van den Berg, A. M., Berkien, A., Bertin, V., Beurthey, S., van Beveren, V., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Bianucci, S., Billault, M., Birbas, A., Boer Rookhuizen, H., Bormuth, R., Bouche, V., Bouhadef, B., Bourlis, G., Boutonnet, C., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calamai, M., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Caruso, F., Cecchini, S., Ceres, A., Cereseto, R., Champion, C., Chateau, F., Chiarusi, T., Christopoulou, B., Circella, M., Classen, L., Cocimano, R., Coleiro, A., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cosquer, A., Costa, M., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amico, A., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., Deniskina, N., Destelle, J. -J., Distefano, C., Di Capua, F., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Drury, L., Durand, D., Eberl, T., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhofer, A., Fermani, P., Fusco, L. A., Gajanana, D., Gal, T., Galata, S., Garufi, F., Gebyehu, M., Giordano, V., Gizani, N., Gracia Ruiz, R., Graf, K., Grasso, R., Grella, G., Grmek, A., Habel, R., van Haren, H., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Heine, E., Henry, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Herold, B., Hevinga, M. A., van der Hoek, M., Hofestadt, J., Hogenbirk, J., Hugon, C., Hossl, J., Imbesi, M., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., Jochum, J., de Jong, M., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Kappes, A., Kappos, E., Katz, U., Kavatsyuk, O., Keller, P., Kieft, G., Koffeman, E., Kok, H., Kooijman, P., Koopstra, J., Korporaal, A., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Larosa, G., Lattuada, D., Le Provost, H., Leismuller, K. P., Leisos, A., Lenis, D., Leonora, E., Lindsey Clark, M., Llorens Alvarez, C. D., Lohner, H., Lonardo, A., Loucatos, S., Louis, F., Maccioni, E., Mannheim, K., Manolopoulos, K., Margiotta, A., Maris, O., Markou, C., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Melis, K. W., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Mos, S., Moudden, Y., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolaou, C., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Orzelli, A., Papaikonomou, A., Papaleo, R., Pavalas, G. E., Peek, H., Pellegrino, C., Pellegriti, M. G., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Priede, M., Puhlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Racca, C., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapidis, P. A., Razis, P., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Saldana, M., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Sapienza, P., Schmelling, J., Schnabel, J., Sciacca, V., Sedita, M., Seitz, T., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Spitaleri, A., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, G., Steijger, J., Stolarczyk, T., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Tezier, D., Theraube, S., Thompson, L. F., Timmer, P., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Tselengidou, M., Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Vermeulen, J., Vernin, P., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Werneke, P., Wiggers, L., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., van Wooning, R. H. L., Zonca, E., Zornoza, J. D., Zuniga, J., Zwart, A., Adrián Martínez, S., Biagi, S, Bouché, V., Château, F., D’Amato, C., D’Amico, A., Destelle, J. J., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Enzenhöfer, A., Fusco, LUIGI ANTONIO, Galatà, S., Hernández Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Hößl, J., Leismüller, K. P., Löhner, H., Margiotta, Annarita, Mariş, O., Martínez Mora, J. A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, Carmelo, Pradier, T. h., Pühlhofer, G., Saldaña, M., Spurio, Maurizio, Tézier, D., Théraube, S., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Monte Carlo method, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Optics, KM3NeT, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 14. Life underwater, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, business, Engineering (miscellaneous), Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: A prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope has been installed at 3500m depth 80 km offshore the Italian coast. KM3NeT in its final configuration will contain several hundreds of detection units. Each detection unit is a mechanical structure anchored to the sea floor, held vertical by a submerged buoy and supporting optical modules for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles emerging from neutrino interactions. This prototype string implements three optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each. These optical modules were developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to enhance the detection capability of neutrino interactions. The prototype detection unit was operated since its deployment in May 2014 until its decommissioning in July 2015. Reconstruction of the particle trajectories from the data requires a nanosecond accuracy in the time calibration. A procedure for relative time calibration of the photomultiplier tubes contained in each optical module is described. This procedure is based on the measured coincidences produced in the sea by the $$^{40}$$40K background light and can easily be expanded to a detector with several thousands of optical modules. The time offsets between the different optical modules are obtained using LED nanobeacons mounted inside them. A set of data corresponding to 600 h of livetime was analysed. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the expected optical background and the signal from atmospheric muons. An almost background-free sample of muons was selected by filtering the time correlated signals on all the three optical modules. The zenith angle of the selected muons was reconstructed with a precision of about 3$$^circ $$∘.
Published: 2016

40. Reward valence modulates conflict-driven attentional adaptation: Electrophysiological evidence

Author: Bernhard Hommel, Guido P. H. Band, and Henk van Steenbergen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Feedback, Psychological, media_common.quotation_subject, Electroencephalography, Gyrus Cinguli, behavioral disciplines and activities, Conflict, Psychological, Visual processing, Motion, Young Adult, Reward, Negative feedback, Perception, Adaptation, Psychological, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Attention, Theta Rhythm, Valence (psychology), Anterior cingulate cortex, Positive feedback, media_common, Cerebral Cortex, Motivation, Facial expression, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Facial Expression, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Visual Perception, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Psychology, Psychomotor Performance, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Recent findings suggest that, relative to negative feedback, positive feedback counteracts conflict processing and subsequent attentional adaptation. Here we hypothesize that this interaction may direct adjustments in perception and action via the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We recorded EEG while participants performed an arrow flanker task with monetary gain or loss as arbitrary reward feedback between trials. As predicted, we found a reduction in conflict-driven adaptation for trials in which conflict was followed by monetary gain (vs. monetary loss), a behavioral effect accompanied by a modulation in early visual processing related to the processing of the distracters. Moreover, time-frequency analyses showed that ongoing fronto-central theta oscillations induced by previous conflict sustained longer after loss than after gain, an interaction presumably reflecting ACC modulation. These data provide a first important step toward understanding the neural mechanism underlying the affective regulation of conflict-driven behavior.
Published: 2012

41. Dose dependent dopaminergic modulation of reward-based learning in Parkinson's disease

Author: Guido P. H. Band, K.R. Ridderinkhof, Scott A. Wylie, W.P.M. van den Wildenberg, N.C. van Wouwe, and Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG)
Subjects: Male, Levodopa, Parkinson's disease, Dopamine, Cognitive Neuroscience, Decision Making, Dopamine Agents, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Striatum, Models, Psychological, Stimulus (physiology), Article, Behavioral Neuroscience, Reward, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Computer Simulation, Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Analysis of Variance, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Putamen, Ventral striatum, Parkinson Disease, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Corpus Striatum, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Probability Learning, Psychology, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, medicine.drug
Abstract: Learning to select optimal behavior in new and uncertain situations is a crucial aspect of living and requires the ability to quickly associate stimuli with actions that lead to rewarding outcomes. Mathematical models of reinforcement-based learning to select rewarding actions distinguish between (1) the formation of stimulus–action–reward associations, such that, at the instant a specific stimulus is presented, it activates a specific action, based on the expectation that that particular action will likely incur reward (or avoid punishment); and (2) the comparison of predicted and actual outcomes to determine whether the specific stimulus–action association yielded the intended outcome or needs revision. Animal electrophysiology and human fMRI studies converge on the notion that dissociable neural circuitries centered on the striatum are differentially involved in different components of this learning process. The modulatory role of dopamine (DA) in these respective circuits and component processes is of particular relevance to the study of reward-based learning in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that the first component process, learning to predict which actions yield reward (supported by the anterior putamen and associated motor circuitry) is impaired when PD patients are taken off their DA medication, whereas DA medication has no systematic effects on the second processes, outcome evaluation (supported by caudate and ventral striatum and associated frontal circuitries). However, the effects of DA medication on these processes depend on dosage, with larger daily doses leading to a decrease in predictability of stimulus–action–reward relations and increase in reward-prediction errors.
Published: 2012

42. Mental rotation impairs attention shifting and short-term memory encoding: neurophysiological evidence against the response-selection bottleneck model of dual-task performance

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Pierre Jolicœur, Merel M. Pannebakker, Wessel O. van Dam, Bernhard Hommel, K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), and Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Rotation, genetic structures, Cognitive Neuroscience, Models, Neurological, Short-term memory, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Stimulus (physiology), Electroencephalography, 050105 experimental psychology, Mental rotation, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Visual memory, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Evoked Potentials, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Neurophysiology, Visual spatial attention, Memory, Short-Term, Space Perception, Imagination, Visual Perception, Female, Psychology, N2pc, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Dual tasks and their associated delays have often been used to examine the boundaries of processing in the brain. We used the dual-task procedure and recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how mental rotation of a first stimulus (S1) influences the shifting of visual-spatial attention to a second stimulus (S2). Visual-spatial attention was monitored by using the N2pc component of the ERP. In addition, we examined the sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN) believed to index the retention of information in visual short-term memory. We found modulations of both the N2pc and the SPCN, suggesting that engaging mechanisms of mental rotation impairs the deployment of visual-spatial attention and delays the passage of a representation of S2 into visual short-term memory. Both results suggest interactions between mental rotation and visual-spatial attention in capacity-limited processing mechanisms indicating that response selection is not pivotal in dual-task delays and all three processes are likely to share a common resource like executive control.
Published: 2011

43. In the Mood for Adaptation

Author: Bernhard Hommel, Henk van Steenbergen, and Guido P. H. Band
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pleasure, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Affect (psychology), Arousal, Conflict, Psychological, Young Adult, Adaptation, Psychological, Reaction Time, Cognitive dissonance, Humans, Problem Solving, General Psychology, media_common, Cognition, Semantics, Affect, Mood, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Stroop Test, Female, Psychology, Social psychology, Color Perception, Psychopathology, Cognitive psychology, Stroop effect
Abstract: Cognitive conflict plays an important role in tuning cognitive control to the situation at hand. On the basis of earlier findings demonstrating emotional modulations of conflict processing, we predicted that affective states may adaptively regulate goal-directed behavior that is driven by conflict. We tested this hypothesis by measuring conflict-driven control adaptations following experimental induction of four different mood states that could be differentiated along the dimensions of arousal and pleasure. After mood states were induced, 91 subjects performed a flanker task, which provided a measure of conflict adaptation. As predicted, pleasure level affected conflict adaptation: Less pleasure was associated with more conflict-driven control. Arousal level did not influence conflict adaptation. This study suggests that affect adaptively regulates cognitive control. Implications for future research and psychopathology are discussed.
Published: 2010

44. Action-effect negativity: Irrelevant action effects are monitored like relevant feedback

Author: K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Bernhard Hommel, Michael Falkenstein, Henk van Steenbergen, Guido P. H. Band, Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), and Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Feedback, Psychological, media_common.quotation_subject, Choice Behavior, Error-related negativity, Task (project management), Negative feedback, Perception, Reaction Time, Humans, Learning, Reinforcement learning, Attention, Function (engineering), Evoked Potentials, media_common, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Communication, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Brain, Electroencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Negativity effect, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Acoustic Stimulation, Action (philosophy), Female, business, Psychology, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract: Goal-directed action presupposes the previous integration of actions and their perceptual consequences (action-effect binding). One function of action-effect bindings is to select actions by anticipating their consequences. Another, not yet well understood function is the prediction of action-contingent feedback. We used a probabilistic learning task and ERP analyses to compare the processing of explicit, performance-related feedback with the processing of task-irrelevant response-contingent stimuli. Replicating earlier findings, we found that negative performance feedback produced a feedback-related negativity (N(FB)), presumably related to response outcome evaluation. Interestingly, low-probability but task-irrelevant action effects elicited a signal similar to the N(FB), even though it had a shorter duration. Response delays on trials following negative feedback and following low-probability action effects were correlated with one another. These observations suggest that automatically acquired action-effect relations are exploited for anticipating upcoming events. Like task-relevant performance feedback, task-irrelevant action effects serve as a basis for action monitoring processes, presumably mediated by medial frontal cortex.
Published: 2009

45. The Effects of Accessory Stimuli on Information Processing: Evidence from Electrophysiology and a Diffusion Model Analysis

Author: Guido P. H. Band, Marieke Jepma, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, and Psychologische Methodenleer (Psychologie, FMG)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Visual perception, Adolescent, genetic structures, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Neuropsychological Tests, Stimulus (physiology), Models, Biological, Vocabulary, Brain mapping, Functional Laterality, Arousal, Electrocardiography, Young Adult, Mental Processes, Perception, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Evoked Potentials, media_common, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Electromyography, Electroencephalography, Electrophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acoustic Stimulation, Female, Psychology, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation, Motor cortex
Abstract: People typically respond faster to a stimulus when it is accompanied by a task-irrelevant accessory stimulus presented in another perceptual modality. However, the mechanisms responsible for this accessory-stimulus effect are still poorly understood. We examined the effects of auditory accessory stimulation on the processing of visual stimuli using scalp electrophysiology (Experiment 1) and a diffusion model analysis (Experiment 2). In accordance with previous studies, lateralized readiness potentials indicated that accessory stimuli do not speed motor execution. Surface Laplacians over the motor cortex, however, revealed a bihemispheric increase in motor activation—an effect predicted by nonspecific arousal models. The diffusion model analysis suggested that accessory stimuli do not affect parameters of the decision process, but expedite only the nondecision component of information processing. Consequently, we conclude that accessory stimuli facilitate stimulus encoding. The visual P1 and N1 amplitudes on accessory-stimulus trials were modulated in a way that is consistent with multisensory energy integration, a possible mechanism for this facilitation.
Published: 2009

46. The role of cooperativity with Src in oncogenic transformation mediated by non-small cell lung cancer-associated EGF receptor mutants

Author: B M Chung, M Dimri, M George, A L Reddi, G Chen, V Band, and H Band
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Mutant, Article, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mutant EGFR, Cell Movement, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Phosphorylation, 10. No inequality, STAT3, Molecular Biology, Protein kinase B, Cell Proliferation, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Cell growth, transformation, Cell biology, ErbB Receptors, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, src-Family Kinases, Endocrinology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, NIH 3T3 Cells, biology.protein, Signal transduction, Src, Signal Transduction, Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-associated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants are constitutively active and induce ligand-independent transformation in non-malignant cell lines. We investigated the possibility that the ability of mutant EGFRs to transform cells reflects a constitutive cooperativity with Src using a system in which the overexpression of mutant, but not wild-type, EGFR induced anchorage-independent cell growth. Src was constitutively activated and showed enhanced interaction with mutant EGFRs, suggesting that constitutive EGFR-Src cooperativity may contribute to mutant EGFR-mediated oncogenesis. Indeed, the mutant EGFR-mediated cell transformation was inhibited by Src- as well as EGFR-directed inhibitors. Importantly, a tyrosine to phenylalanine mutation of the major Src phosphorylation site on EGFR, Y845, reduced the constitutive phosphorylation of NSCLC-EGFR mutants, as well as that of STAT3, Akt, Erk and Src, and reduced the mutant EGFR-Src association as well as proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth. Reduced anchorage-independent growth and migration were also observed when dominant-negative-Src was expressed in mutant EGFR-expressing cells. Overall, our findings show that mutant EGFR-Src interaction and cooperativity play critical roles in constitutive engagement of the downstream signaling pathways that allow NSCLC-associated EGFR mutants to mediate oncogenesis, and support the rationale to target Src-dependent signaling pathways in mutant EGFR-mediated malignancies.
Published: 2009

47. Proactive control and episodic binding in context processing effects

Author: Guido P. H. Band, K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Nelleke C. van Wouwe, Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), and Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG)
Subjects: Male, Decision Making, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Context (language use), Semantics, Task (project management), Young Adult, Discrimination, Psychological, Proactive Inhibition, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Attention, Control (linguistics), Episodic memory, Information processing, Association Learning, Reactive Inhibition, Cognition, General Medicine, Memory, Short-Term, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Female, Psychology, Social psychology, Psychomotor Performance, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Decision making often involves using prior contextual information to evaluate relevant events. A laboratory equivalent of context processing situations, the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT), yields errors when a target probe appears in a nontarget context, or when a nontarget probe appears in a target context. According to goal-driven accounts, context information is used for top-down preparation towards processing of context-appropriate information. Performance costs in nontarget trials are attributed to inefficient cognitive control. In contrast, the episodic binding account predicts that prior experiences with combinations of a context, probe, and response are bound in episodic memory and thus bias future actions. Performance costs in this view are caused by the need to overrule prepotent associations. The current experiments tested the relative importance of proactive cognitive control versus episodic learning of appropriate stimulus-response relations for CPT performance. Support was obtained for both contributions.
Published: 2009

48. Operation compatibility: a neglected contribution to dual-task costs

Author: K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Guido P. H. Band, Merel M. Pannebakker, Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), and Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG)
Subjects: Psychological refractory period, Male, Experimental psychology, Short-term memory, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Field Dependence-Independence, Models, Psychological, Mental rotation, Behavioral Neuroscience, Young Adult, Mental Processes, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Reference Values, Reaction Time, Humans, Attention, Simulation, Analysis of Variance, Working memory, Information processing, Cognition, Form Perception, Refractory Period, Psychological, Inhibition, Psychological, Compatibility (mechanics), Imagination, Female, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Traditionally, dual-task interference has been attributed to the consequences of task load exceeding capacity limitations. However, the current study demonstrates that in addition to task load, the mutual compatibility of the concurrent processes modulates whether 2 tasks can be performed in parallel. In 2 psychological refractory period experiments, task load and process compatibility were independently varied. In Experiment 1, participants performed 2 mental rotation tasks. Task load (rotation angle) and between-task compatibility in rotation direction were varied. Results suggest more considerable parallel execution of compatible than of incompatible operations, arguing for the need to attribute dual-task interference not only to structural but also to functional capacity limitations. Experiment 2 tested whether functional capacity limitations to dual-task performance can be caused only by demanding processes or whether they are also induced by relatively automatic processes. Results indicate that an irrelevant circular movement of Stimulus 2 interfered more with mental rotation of Stimulus 1 if the rotation directions were opposite than if they were equal. In conclusion, compatibility of concurrent processes constitutes an indispensable element in explaining dual-task performance.
Published: 2009

49. A highly flexible, data intensive acquisition system for characterizing low-level decay events

Author: A. H. Band, George A. Klouda, and S. H. Pheiffer
Subjects: Spectrum analyzer, Computer science, business.industry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Real-time computing, Detector, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pollution, Coincidence, Analytical Chemistry, Software, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Waveform, NIST, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Electronics, Timestamp, business, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Since the early 1970’s, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has maintained a low-level decay, multi-channel counting facility for measuring environmental samples and for pulse distribution studies tied to the behavior of proportional and Geiger-Muller detectors. Pulses have been time stamped and sorted using a hard-wired digital logic interface to discriminate coincidence, anticoincidence, guard and test pulse events; to digitize the pulse-height and rise-time; to monitor specific characteristics of intra-channel and inter-channel events; and to measure microsecond timing between any two events. To enhance event characterization, a computer-based waveform analyzer was added in 1985 to digitize individual pulses. In 2002, a next-generation low-level counting (NG-LLC) system was developed using commercial off-the-shelf electronics. The objective of this paper is to describe the key components of the NG-LLC system. Many of the event parameters previously determined by inflexible digital logic are now calculated in software.
Published: 2008

50. Mid-infrared spectroscopy beyond the diffraction limit via direct measurement of the photothermal effect

Author: Kevin Kjoller, Aaron M. Katzenmeyer, Jungseok Chae, Alan H. Band, Glenn Holland, and Andrea Centrone
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Diffraction, Materials science, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Photothermal effect, Photothermal microspectroscopy, Polymer, Optics, Thermal conductivity, chemistry, General Materials Science, business, Nanoscopic scale, Plasmon
Abstract: An atomic force microscope equipped with temperature sensitive probes was used to measure locally the photothermal effect induced by IR light absorption. This novel instrument opens a pathway to correlated topographical, chemical composition, and thermal mapping with nanoscale resolution. Proof of principle demonstration is provided on polymers and plasmonic samples.
Published: 2015

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