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本文分析了1例罕见的双侧上颌窦及肺部异时性多重癌，介绍其病例特点及诊治过程。患者男性，58岁，于2010年12月因“左眼球突出、涕中带血”就诊于吉林大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科。患者先后2次以左侧及右侧上颌窦恶性肿瘤入院，在此期间又患左侧肺癌，排除肺部转移可能。给予手术、放疗、化疗及粒子植入治疗，随访至今肿瘤无复发。.

To elucidate the effect of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) on cisplatin resistance of NSCLC and its molecular mechanisms, with special attention to its pro-EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) properties.COX-2 levels were compared in two NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H460, by qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Western blot. Cytotoxicity of cisplatin was also determined in the two cell lines using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The expression of EMT-related proteins and activation of AKT (protein kinase B) signaling were detected in H460 cells with ectopic COX-2 expression.Cisplatin-induced apoptosis was assessed in COX-2 overexpressing H460 cells by FACS. NS398, a COX-2 inhibitor, was also applied to determine EMT status and effect on cisplatin sensitivity in H460 cells. COX-2 levels were positively correlated with cisplatin resistance in both NSCLC cell lines tested. In response to COX-2 overexpression, EMT-related proteins, such as E-cadherin, were inhibited, while vimentin and N-cadherin were upregulated. The AKT signaling pathway was also activated in H460 cells. Ectopic expression of COX-2 potentiated cisplatin resistance of H460 cells, which was accompanied by decreased levels of apoptosis. Notably, NS398 effectively increased the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in A549 cells by inhibiting EMT and the AKT pathway.COX-2 might promote cisplatin resistance in NSCLC by promoting EMT through the AKT signaling pathway activation.

In order to accelerate bainite transformation during regeneration treatment following nanostructured bainite steel welding, static recrystallisation mechanism is adopted to refine the coarse grain size during two-pass welding. Large mechanical deformation was introduced into the coarse grain zone of the first weld pass, where static recrystallisation would occur with thermal effect of the second weld pass. Static recrystallisation kinetics of nanostructure bainite was studied by two-pass hot deformation experiments. The explicit temperature function of two-pass welding was presented, and effect of welding parameters on static recrystallisation of the deformed coarse grain zone was analysed. Experimental results showed that grains in original coarse grain zone were greatly refined and that nanostructured bainite regeneration was remarkably accelerated.

The length–weight relationships were determined for two fish species (Callionymus curvicornis Valenciennes, 1837 and Johnius fasciatus Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963) belonging to two families. Fish samples were collected using commercial trawls (mesh sizes: 70 mm) and the frequency of use three times during each sampling period from Sanniang Bay, China. Samples were collected quarterly from October 2016 to July 2017. The allometric coefficient (b) of length–weight relationship varied from 2.75 for Callionymus curvicornis to 2.92 for Johnius fasciatus. Length–weight relationships for these two fish species were determined for the first time.

Larix olgensis is one of the important commercial timber tree species in northeastern China, but it does not naturally regenerate in L. olgensis forests even after cutting. To identify the causes of the regeneration failure, the authors tested the effects of site preparation in a thinned stand and in a clearcut on the emergence and early establishment of L. olgensis seedlings. The results indicated that there was no correlation between cumulative emergence percentage (CEP) of L. olgensis seedlings and canopy openness, but the CEP was significantly affected by site preparation (P < 0.001). The average seedling survival rates after treatments consisting of removing both litter cover and understory vegetation cover were significantly higher in the clearcut than in the thinned stand (P < 0.001). Without site preparation, all seedlings in both the thinned stand and the clearcut disappeared within the first growing season, meaning that ground cover (understory vegetation cover and litter cover) was not beneficial to seedling survival. The average growth of seedlings exhibited significant differences between the thinned stand and the clearcut, and among the site preparations (P < 0.001). Intensely thinned stands without ground cover improved seedling growth. These results imply that light and ground cover might be the main factors limiting the early establishment of L. olgensis seedlings in managed plantation forests

Although welding with weaving had been widely adopted to improve welding efficiency, the effects of weaving arc on temperature and stress fields were not clearly understood. In the present paper, a conversion of coordinates was implanted in a finite element model to improve the calculation precision and comprehend the characteristic of welding with weaving. Comparing with the results of the welding without weaving, a characteristic with lower peak temperature and wider weld bead was presented during the welding with weaving, and the temperature gradients near the weld pool was steeper. The results also indicated that the transverse residual stress of welding with weaving was greater than that of welding without weaving, while the longitudinal residual stress was similar. Both temperatures and residual stresses were compared with those of the experiments.

The residual stress in one-groove welding using an ellipsoidal heat source is analysed. The results show that it can ameliorate the residual stress distribution and greatly decrease the peak value of residual stress after welding if the converse welding method is adopted between adjacent layers in a multi-layer weld, or between adjacent beads in every layer. Moreover, the numerical simulation results of the double V-groove thick plate welding model show that the residual tensile stress appears on the weld and nearby, the residual compressive stress appears on the area far away from the weld and the peak value of tensile stress appears on the surface of the weld. Differences in the welding sequence influence the value and the distribution of the welding residual stress greatly, and a more suitable welding sequence can be deduced. The reliability of the numerical simulation results is proved by the experimental results.

Si3N4 ceramic was jointed to itself using a filler alloy of Cu-Zn-Ti at 1123-1323 K for 0.3-2.7 ks. Ti content in the Cu-Zn-Ti filler alloy was varied from 5 to 20 at.-%. The effect of brazing parameters, such as brazing temperature, holding time and Ti content, on the mechanical properties and facture processes of the Si3N4/Si3N4 joint were investigated. The results indicated that the increased brazing temperature, holding time and Ti content increase the thickness of the interfacial reaction zone in the Si3N4/filler alloy, and the size and amount of the reaction phases in the filler alloy. Their increases lead to increasing shear strength of the joint. The fracture behaviour of the Si3N4/Si3N4 joint greatly depends on the microstructure of the joint. A suitable thick reaction zone with reaction phases yields the high strength of the Si3N4/ Si3N4 joint.

Ag supported on AgIO₃ (Ag/AgIO₃ particles), a plasmonic photocatalyst, was synthesized through a facile solid-state ion-exchange procedure followed by reduction with hydrazine hydrate. The particles displayed high activity and stability in the photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to CH₄ and CO using water vapor under visible-light irradiation (400 nm wavelength).

The stability of coastal and underwater slopes and seafloor sediments is of major importance for waives, breakwaters, pipelines, jacket platforms, and gravity platforms. A major source of instability in cohesionless sediments is the result of the liquefaction. This paper explores the various mechanisms causing liquefaction in the marine environment and then reviews a large number of case studies.

Low-intensity ultrasound irradiation is a potential method for suppressing cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and delivering specific cytotoxic genes or drugs into tumors topographically in future cancer therapies. However, ultrasound attenuates rapidly in tissue and produces heat. Pulsed ultrasound is frequently used to minimize pain and possible thermal damage to the surrounding normal tissue during therapy, since it results in smaller temperature increases. This study compared three pulsed-ultrasound strategies for destroying cancer cells, measuring their induced temperature increases to determine the optimal pulsing parameters.We performed three types of experiment, involving ultrasound with (1) a fixed duty cycle of 50% with variable on- and off-times, (2) a fixed off-time with variable on-times, and (3) a fixed on-time with variable off-times.The results show that for different types of cultured cells (HeLa, HT-29, Ca9-22 and fibroblast) exposed to ultrasound of the same frequency (1 MHz) and energy, long pulses combined with off-times that are 5-10 times longer (on-/-off-times pairs of 5/25, 25/250, or 250/2500 ms/ms) cause significant cell destruction whilst avoiding temperature increases of more than 1.5 degrees C. Furthermore, the correlation between the temperature increase and the percentage of surviving cells is low.Pulsed ultrasound with a long on-time and an even longer off-time exerts a high cytotoxic effect but a smaller temperature increase compared with non-pulsed ultrasound. This indicates that the cytotoxic effects observed in the current study were not purely due to the thermal effects of the ultrasound.

Candida glycerinogenes, an osmotolerant yeast isolated from a natural sample in an environment of high osmotic pressure, had a modest sugar-tolerance and an extremely high glycerol productivity. The optimum conditions for glycerol formation by C. glycerinogenes were a temperature of 29-33 degrees C and a pH of 4-6. The optimum medium for glycerol production consisted of 230-250 g glucose/l, 2 g urea/l and 5 ml corn steep liquor/l (55-65 mg phosphates/l); the pH was not adjusted. The highest yield of glycerol was 64.5% (w/w) based on consumed glucose from 240 g glucose/l, and the highest concentration of glycerol was 137 g/l from 260 g glucose/l. These results were obtained by using a 30-l agitated fermentor under optimal fermentation conditions. In ten batch-fermentations carried out in a 50,000-l airlift fermentor, an average yield of glycerol of 50.67% (w/w) and an average glycerol concentration of 121.9 g/l were obtained from an average 240.6 g glucose/l.

The surface/interfacial properties and soil-liquid interaction are studied to serve as a preliminary study to interpret engineering behavior of soils. To fully understand the nature of fine-grained soil-pore fluid interaction, the work of adhesion of liquids on kaolinite and bentonite is determined by means of measuring soil-liquid contact angle by the Wilhelmy Plate technique and horizontal capillarity. The results reveal that work of adhesion of soils with organic liquids varies considerably depending on the surface tension of the organic liquids (cohesive forces) as well as the liquid-soil adhesive forces. Further, surface parameters of the soils, such as the Lifshitz-van der Waals component of solid surface tension, the acidic component of solid surface tension, and the basic component of solid surface tension, are determined and compared with the values reported in the literature. The results reported in this study are compared with the previous ones in the literature. The agreement between the results of this study and reported results in the literature is good. Results also revealed that when the soil particles are wetted with water, organic liquids could not displace water molecules and change the soil microstructure. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that studying the work of adhesion is a very useful way of understanding soil-liquid interaction and predicting engineering behavior of soils.

The relationship between oxygen supply and production of glycerol or byproduct with Candida glycerolgenesis have been studied. The experiments in shake flasks indicated that the biomass was determined by the concentration of corn steep liquor when other fermentation condition was constant, the concentration of corn steep liquor and the ratio of the volume of the medium to the capacity of the flask affected the yield of glycerol and other byproducts because of different oxygen supply. With 0.4% corn steep liquid and the ratio of the volume of the medium to the capacity of the flask was 0.08, the yeast yielded higher level of glycerol concentration and little other byproducts, while oxygen was insufficient for glycerol production such as the ratio was 0.24, the yeast would produce much more alcohol and other byproduct, then decreased the yield of glycerol. In the fermentation process of 5 L fermentor, agitator speed mostly affected the DO level in the medium. In growth phase the specific oxygen consumption rate of C. glycerolgenesis was 28 mg/(g.h), and during fermentation process it was 16 mg/(g.h). With suitable oxygen supply, C. glycerolgenesis can produce high level of glycerol whereas ethanol and other byproducts was nearly zero.

We report a case of extensive corrosive injury to the jejunum after ingestion of about 200 ml of hydrochloric acid as an attempted suicide. Subtotal esophagectomy, total gastroduodenectomy, segmental resection of the jejunum and partial pancreatectomy were performed in the first two operations. Forty-five days after surgery, the patient was well and discharged. Six months later, the patient underwent esophageal reconstruction surgery. During surgery, a pancreaticocolonic fistula between the head of the pancreas and the transverse colon was found. The esophageal reconstruction using the transverse colon was performed via the retrosternal route.

Tower cycling fermentors for the production of single-cell protein from volatile substrates were studied. The mass transfer, mixing and circulation patterns, and residence time distribution (RTD) curves were investigated in these vessels. This study suggests that the tower cycling fermentors for volatile substrates fermentation may improve product yields and at the same time reduce the power consumption, thereby resulting in a significant increase in operating cost savings and capital profits. The results of this research further indicate a future potential for commercial scale tower cycling fermentors.

The upper bound technique of limit analysis has been found to be very successful in analyzing the stability of cuttings in normally consolidated clays. However, most soils in their natural states exhibit some anisotropy with respect to shear strength, and some nonhomogeneity with respect to depth. It is difficult to obtain the solution based on the classical limit equilibrium analysis with the assumed noncircular failure plane with such soil properties included. This paper establishes an expression for the stability factor Ns, based on the upper bound technique of limit analysis which yields a close-formed solution for sections in which the following conditions are considered: (a) log-spiral failure-plane, through and below toe; (b) non-homogeneity; (c) anisotropy; and (d) general slope.

The major objective of this project is to achieve the direct microbiological conversion of cellulosic biomass to liquid fuel, ethanol. Within the scope of this objective, it is also the intent to maximize the conversion efficiency of ethanol production from biomass. This can be achieved through the effective utilization of both the cellulosic (six-carbon sugar) and hemicellulosic (five-carbon sugar) fractions in biomass. The degradation of cellulosic biomass is achieved through the use of a thermophilic and anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum . This microorganism is unique in that it is able to hydrolyse both the cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of biomass but, unfortunately, it is not able to metabolize the pentoses. Therefore, to achieve total utilization of biomass, a second thermophilic and anaerobic microorganism, Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum , has been under study owing to its ability to convert pentoses to ethanol. Mutation, selection and adaption programmes have yielded ethanol tolerant strains of both organisms. A fermentation process using mutant strains of the anaerobic, thermophilic bacteria Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum has been investigated for the direct production of ethanol from agricultural cellulosics. Through strain improvements for increased ethanol tolerance and catabolite selectivity, alcohol yields of 85% of the theoretical maximum have been obtained from solka floc with mixed culture. The method of isolation and the performance of these improved strains on both refined cellulosics and a realistic biomass, corn [maize] stover, is presented in detail.

The horizontal viscous flow model with “infinite” areal extent can be used for almost any well flow problem whether two-dimensional or three-dimensional, steady or nonsteady, single aquifer or multiaquifer. This model can also be used in the field of soil mechanics for subsurface drainage problems. The design includes scale model analysis and the application of conformal mapping techniques in order to simulate an ideal aquifer. Construction, calibration, and test procedures for the model are described. The apparatus has proved to be both a valuable research tool and an excellent teaching aid.

The upper bound theorem of the generalized theory of perfect plasticity is applied to obtain complete numerical solutions for the critical height of an embankment. A rotational discontinuity mechanism (logarithmic spiral) is assumed in the analysis. The analysis includes the existing solutions as a special case, so that it may be considered a generalization of previous solutions.

The purpose of the present paper is to look at the possibilities of utilizing the surrounding ground soil and existing foundations of a building structure as a heat collector and storage element in a solar energy system. The paper covers the (1) mechanism of soil-heat interaction, (2) factors affecting soil thermal properties and (3) illustrates concepts in the design of a simple soil thermal storage unit.

This paper examines the basic factors involved in the successful application of problem-solving (EXPERT) systems and computer graphics to hazardous waste investigations. Following a suggested methodology presented herein, an engineer can systematically assess the level of hazard at a contaminated site. Recommendations and conclusions may then be drawn as to costeffective remedial measures to be taken. It is illustrated how the EXPERT system can be coupled with remote sensing devices to improve the interpretation of in-situ data as well as to aid an engineer during the complex decision-making process of evaluating remedial actions.

A method is proposed for determining the thermal conductivity k or thermal resistivity p of soils. The procedure is based on the use of a transient heat method in which a thermal needle is used to create a linear heat source, and a thermocouple is used to monitor temperature changes with time. This suggested method describes the basic procedure. Information is also presented on the construction and calibration of the thermal needle.

The measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of finegrained soils utilizing hazardous and toxic permeants requires equipment speciffically designed and constructed for that purpose. Interaction between the pore fluids in the soils and the resulting soil response must be considered as well as the compatibility between the test equipment and the permeants. Further, a method of modeling the state of stress and permeation relative to field conditions must be incorporated in order to arrive at a system that can adequately determine the effects of hazardous and toxic permeants upon the hydraulic conductivity of fine-grained soils. The testing system developed for hydraulic conductivity testing with hazardous and toxic permeants has three major components. These are the control panel, the permeability board, and the triaxial cell. The necessary strength and compatibility was accomplished through the optimum use of stainless steel and aluminum to provide adequate rigidity while providing the ultimate compatibility through the use of Teflon® at any points in which the permeameter is in contact with the permeant. Equipment design and fabrication considerations in their special applicability for testing of hazardous and toxic permeants are discussed in this paper.