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271 results on '"H W Chen"'

1. SPATIAL RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF OVERSAMPLED IMAGES USING REGRESSION DECOMPOSITION AND SYNTHESIS

Author

H.-W. Chen

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

A new statistical model designed for regression analysis with a sparse design matrix is proposed. This new model utilizes the positions of the limited non-zero elements in the design matrix to decompose the regression model into sub-regression models. Statistical inferences are further made on the values of these limited non-zero elements to provide a reference for synthesizing these sub-regression models. With this concept of the regression decomposition and synthesis, the information on the structure of the design matrix can be incorporated into the regression analysis to provide a more reliable estimation. The proposed model is then applied to resolve the spatial resolution enhancement problem for spatially oversampled images. To systematically evaluate the performance of the proposed model in enhancing the spatial resolution, the proposed approach is applied to the oversampled images that are reproduced via random field simulations. These application results based on different generated scenarios then conclude the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed approach in enhancing the spatial resolution of spatially oversampled images.

Published
2022
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2. Accelerated coronary calcium burden in breast cancer patients after radiotherapy: a comparison with age and race matched healthy women

Author

Yu-Hsuan Lai, Helen H. W. Chen, and Yi-Shan Tsai

Subjects
Coronary artery calcium, Breast cancer, CAC percentiles, Adjuvant radiotherapy, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background Radiotherapy (RT) might lead to atherosclerotic plaque buildup and coronary artery stenosis of breast cancer (BC) survivors, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) might be a sign of preclinical atherosclerosis. This study explores possible determinants affecting the acceleration of CAC burden in BC patients after adjuvant RT. Methods Female BC patients receiving adjuvant RT from 2002 to 2010 were included. All patients received noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) of thorax before and after adjuvant RT. Their CAC burden was compared with healthy controls from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. The progression of the CAC burden was manifested by the increment of CAC percentiles (%CACinc). Results Ninety-four patients, including both left- and right-side BC, were enrolled in this study. From undergoing the first to second NCCT, the %CACinc in BC patients significantly increased rather than non-BC women. In addition, the %CACinc was significantly higher in left-side than right-side BC patients (p

Published
2021
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4. Segregation-sandwiched stable interface suffocates nanoprecipitate coarsening to elevate creep resistance

Author

Y. H. Gao, P. F. Guan, R. Su, H. W. Chen, C. Yang, C. He, L. F. Cao, H. Song, J. Y. Zhang, X.F. Zhang, G. Liu, J. F. Nie, J. Sun, and E. Ma

Subjects
computational interface design, high-throughput calculations, nanoprecipitate stabilization, creep resistance, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

We demonstrate a strategy to stabilize nanoprecipitates in Al–Cu alloys, based on computational design that identifies synergistic solutes (Sc and Fe) that simultaneously segregate to the θ′-Al2Cu/Al interface and strongly bond to one another. Furthermore, Sc and Fe are predicted to each segregate into a separate atomic plane, forming a sandwiched structure reinforcing the interface. This interfacial architecture was realized through a simple heat treatment in a Sc–Fe–Si triple-microalloyed Al–Cu model alloy. Such a back-to-back layered interface, thermodynamically stable and kinetically robust, is found to suffocate nanoprecipitate coarsening at 300°C, enabling a dramatic reduction in creep rate. IMPACT STATEMENT The segregant architecture of synergistic solute at θ′-Al2Cu/Al interface was guided by computational calculations and artificially realized at atomic scale to achieve an ultra-high thermal stability of θ′-Al2Cu, leading to a high creep resistance at 300°C.

Published
2020
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6. Adjuvant radiotherapy after curative surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and treatment effect of timing and duration on outcome—A Taiwan Cancer Registry national database analysis

Author

Yung‐Jen Cheng, Mu‐Hung Tsai, Chun‐Ju Chiang, Sen‐Tien Tsai, Tsang‐Wu Liu, Pei‐Jen Lou, Chun‐Ta Liao, Jin‐Ching Lin, Joseph Tung‐Chieh Chang, Ming‐Hsui Tsai, Pen‐Yuan Chu, Yi‐Shing Leu, Kuo‐Yang Tsai, Shyuang‐Der Terng, Chih‐Yen Chien, Muh‐Hwa Yang, Sheng‐Po Hao, Chuan‐Cheng Wang, Ming‐Hsun Tsai, Helen H. W. Chen, Chin Kuo, and Yuan‐Hua Wu

Subjects
adjuvant radiotherapy, cancer database, oral cancer, prognostic factor, treatment time, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Conduct an accurate risk assessment of resected oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients by accessing a nationwide systemic investigation is pivotal to improve treatment outcomes. In this article, we tried to determine the impact of different prognostic factors for OSCC patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after curative surgery, using Taiwan's national cancer registry database (TCR). A nationwide, large population‐based study was conducted using TCR with patients identified from 2007 to 2015. The study variables included age, gender, cancer subsites, stage, histology grade, margin and extra‐nodal extension (ENE) status, treatment type, surgery to RT interval (ORI), total RT treatment time (RTT), and RT dose. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify predictors of the variables associated with overall survival (OS), cause‐specific survival (CSS), local‐regional relapse‐free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS). 8986 OSCC patients treated with surgery and adjuvant RT were analyzed. In multivariate analysis, worse outcomes were associated with males, older age, subsite in the oral tongue, advanced stage, higher histologic grade, involved margin, and positive ENE. ORI only showed an adverse trend in LRFS, when exceeding 7 weeks (P = .06). RTT >8 weeks was a significant poor predictor in OS, CSS and LRFS (P 70 Gy or ≤50 Gy) also demonstrated an adverse impact on the outcomes. Prolonged RT treatment time and extreme RT doses were identified as significantly poor prognostic predictors in OSCC patients who received adjuvant RT after curative surgery.

Published
2018
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7. Targeting the Copper Transport System to Improve Treatment Efficacies of Platinum-Containing Drugs in Cancer Chemotherapy

Author

Macus Tien Kuo, Yu-Fang Huang, Cheng-Yang Chou, and Helen H. W. Chen

Subjects
cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, copper transporter, Ctr1, Atox1, Medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

The platinum (Pt)-containing antitumor drugs including cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, cDDP), carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, have been the mainstay of cancer chemotherapy. These drugs are effective in treating many human malignancies. The major cell-killing target of Pt drugs is DNA. Recent findings underscored the important roles of Pt drug transport system in cancer therapy. While many mechanisms have been proposed for Pt-drug transport, the high-affinity copper transporter (hCtr1), Cu chaperone (Atox1), and Cu exporters (ATP7A and ATP7B) are also involved in cDDP transport, highlighting Cu homeostasis regulation in Pt-based cancer therapy. It was demonstrated that by reducing cellular Cu bioavailable levels by Cu chelators, hCtr1 is transcriptionally upregulated by transcription factor Sp1, which binds the promoters of Sp1 and hCtr1. In contrast, elevated Cu poisons Sp1, resulting in suppression of hCtr1 and Sp1, constituting the Cu-Sp1-hCtr1 mutually regulatory loop. Clinical investigations using copper chelator (trientine) in carboplatin treatment have been conducted for overcoming Pt drug resistance due in part to defective transport. While results are encouraging, future development may include targeting multiple steps in Cu transport system for improving the efficacies of Pt-based cancer chemotherapy. The focus of this review is to delineate the mechanistic interrelationships between Cu homeostasis regulation and antitumor efficacy of Pt drugs.

Published
2021
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9. Targeting the Proline–Glutamine–Asparagine–Arginine Metabolic Axis in Amino Acid Starvation Cancer Therapy

Author

Macus Tien Kuo, Helen H. W. Chen, Lynn G. Feun, and Niramol Savaraj

Subjects
amino acid starvation therapy, proline, glutamine, arginine, asparagine, drug resistance, Medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Proline, glutamine, asparagine, and arginine are conditionally non-essential amino acids that can be produced in our body. However, they are essential for the growth of highly proliferative cells such as cancers. Many cancers express reduced levels of these amino acids and thus require import from the environment. Meanwhile, the biosynthesis of these amino acids is inter-connected but can be intervened individually through the inhibition of key enzymes of the biosynthesis of these amino acids, resulting in amino acid starvation and cell death. Amino acid starvation strategies have been in various stages of clinical applications. Targeting asparagine using asparaginase has been approved for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Targeting glutamine and arginine starvations are in various stages of clinical trials, and targeting proline starvation is in preclinical development. The most important obstacle of these therapies is drug resistance, which is mostly due to reactivation of the key enzymes involved in biosynthesis of the targeted amino acids and reprogramming of compensatory survival pathways via transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-translational mechanisms. Here, we review the interactive regulatory mechanisms that control cellular levels of these amino acids for amino acid starvation therapy and how drug resistance is evolved underlying treatment failure.

Published
2021
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10. [Outcome of lingual gingival recession treated with the tunnel technique plus subepithelial connective tissue graft technique: a case report]

Author

J C, Dong, Y, Liao, H W, Chen, and Z C, Song

Abstract

舌侧牙龈退缩虽较少见，但可能给患者带来牙齿敏感等不适。下颌牙齿舌侧的解剖结构较特殊，膜龈手术治疗难度大。本文介绍1例下前牙舌侧牙龈退缩的病例，患者接受了隧道技术联合上皮下结缔组织移植术，术后舌侧退缩的根面得到很好的覆盖，且软组织稳定，牙龈厚度增加明显。术后随访1年效果良好，证实隧道技术联合上皮下结缔组织移植术可以很好地治疗舌侧牙龈退缩。.

Published
2022

11. [Progress in application of deep learning in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment]

Author

H W, Chen, Y N, Ma, R Y, Zhang, and Z L, Jin

Subjects
Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Orthodontics, Dental Care, Forecasting
Abstract

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of orthodontics has gradually increased, and deep learning, as a hot direction, has also been rapidly applied in the detection, evaluation, diagnosis, prediction and effect evaluation. At present, deep learning research has the advantages of high efficiency and accuracy, but it also has limitations such as weak interpretability and insufficient data volume. This paper reviewed the proposal and development of deep learning, the application in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment, as well as the limitations and countermeasures of the popularization, and prospect of the future research.近年口腔正畸领域人工智能技术的应用研究逐渐增加，深度学习作为其中的热门方向，也迅速被应用于正畸诊疗的检测、评估、诊断、预测以及疗效评价等多个环节。目前，深度学习研究在表现出高效、准确优势的同时，也存在可解释性不强、数据量不足等限制。本文从深度学习的提出与发展、正畸诊疗中的应用以及推广的限制与对策三方面进行综述，并进行展望。.

Published
2022

14. [Clinical characteristics and long-term follow-up results of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia in patients with arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy]

Author

Z, Wang, L S, Shi, H L, Liu, Z Z, Wang, X H, Jiang, H W, Chen, G, Yang, K, Gu, W Z, Ju, and Minglong, Chen

Subjects
Adult, Male, Stroke Volume, Middle Aged, Ventricular Function, Left, Cross-Sectional Studies, Treatment Outcome, Recurrence, Catheter Ablation, Tachycardia, Ventricular, Humans, Cardiomyopathies, Pericardium, Follow-Up Studies, Retrospective Studies
Published
2022

17. Segregation-sandwiched stable interface suffocates nanoprecipitate coarsening to elevate creep resistance

Author

R. Su, Jian Feng Nie, Yuan Gao, L.F. Cao, Guozhi Liu, Cuicui Yang, Pengfei Guan, Evan Ma, H. W. Chen, H. Song, Junshi Zhang, Sun Jinru, Xuefeng Zhang, and C. He

Subjects
Materials science, Creep, Interface (Java), lcsh:TA401-492, nanoprecipitate stabilization, Computational design, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, General Materials Science, Composite material, computational interface design, high-throughput calculations, creep resistance
Abstract

We demonstrate a strategy to stabilize nanoprecipitates in Al–Cu alloys, based on computational design that identifies synergistic solutes (Sc and Fe) that simultaneously segregate to the θ′-Al2Cu/Al interface and strongly bond to one another. Furthermore, Sc and Fe are predicted to each segregate into a separate atomic plane, forming a sandwiched structure reinforcing the interface. This interfacial architecture was realized through a simple heat treatment in a Sc–Fe–Si triple-microalloyed Al–Cu model alloy. Such a back-to-back layered interface, thermodynamically stable and kinetically robust, is found to suffocate nanoprecipitate coarsening at 300°C, enabling a dramatic reduction in creep rate. IMPACT STATEMENT The segregant architecture of synergistic solute at θ′-Al2Cu/Al interface was guided by computational calculations and artificially realized at atomic scale to achieve an ultra-high thermal stability of θ′-Al2Cu, leading to a high creep resistance at 300°C.

Published
2020
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18. Modulation of the NiOx bandgap by controlling oxygen stoichiometry

Author

M. D. Dong, J. Y. Shen, C. Y. Hong, P. X. Ran, R.-H. He, H. W. Chen, Q. Y. Lu, and J. Wu

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

Transition metal oxides are a class of functional materials widely used in optoelectronics, spintronics, and memory technology. The oxygen stoichiometry of these oxides plays a vital role in determining their electronic, optical, and thermal properties. Post-growth annealing in ozone has shown to be effective in modifying these properties. Here, we choose NiO, an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator in perfect stoichiometry, as an example to show that its stoichiometry can be tuned continuously in a broad range by the control of the oxidation power during growth or a post-growth topotactic reduction process. The bandgap of the as-processed NiOx films was modulated in accordance with their resistivity, lattice constant, and Ni chemical valence. This method can be readily applied to other transition metal oxides for the optimization of their properties.

Published
2022
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19. Impact of Alcohol and Smoking on Outcomes of HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer

Author

Yu-Hsuan, Lai, Chien-Chou, Su, Shang-Yin, Wu, Wei-Ting, Hsueh, Yuan-Hua, Wu, Helen H W, Chen, Jenn-Ren, Hsiao, Ching-Hsun, Liu, and Yi-Shan, Tsai

Subjects
alcohol, smoking, betel nut, human papillomavirus (HPV), oropharyngeal cancer, treatment-effect modifier, prognostic factor, General Medicine
Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of adverse lifestyle factors on outcomes in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Methods: From 2010 to 2019, 150 consecutive non-metastatic OPSCC patients receiving curative treatment in our institution were retrospectively enrolled. HPV positivity was defined as p16 expression ≥75%. The effects of adverse lifestyle factors on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) on OPSCC patients were determined. Results: The median follow-up duration was 3.6 years. Of the 150 OPSCCs, 51 (34%) patients were HPV-positive and 99 (66%) were HPV-negative. The adverse lifestyle exposure rates were 74.7% (n = 112) alcohol use, 57.3% (n = 86) betel grid chewing, and 78% (n = 117) cigarette smoking. Alcohol use strongly interacted with HPV positivity (HR, 6.00; 95% CI, 1.03–35.01), leading to an average 26.1% increased risk of disease relapse in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC. Heavy smoking age ≥30 pack-years was associated with increased risk of death (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.05–4.00) and disease relapse (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.06–3.75) in OPSCC patients. In stratified analyses, the 3-year absolute risk of disease relapse in HPV-positive OPSCC patients reached up to 50% when alcohol use and heavy smoking for ≥30 pack-years were combined. Conclusions: Alcohol acted as a significant treatment-effect modifier for DFS in HPV-positive OPSCC patients, diluting the favorable prognostic effect of HPV positivity. Heavy smoking age ≥30 pack-years was an independent adverse prognostic factor of OS and DFS in OPSCC patients. De-intensification treatment for HPV-related OPSCC may be avoided when these adverse lifestyle factors are present.

Published
2022
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20. Prediction of acute myocardial infarction by multi-parameter coronary computed tomography angiography

Author

J. Wang, H.-W. Chen, L.-J. Zhou, X.-P. Zhang, B.-X. Chen, K.-D. Chen, and X.-M. Fang

Subjects
Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, Computed Tomography Angiography, Predictive Value of Tests, Coronary Stenosis, Myocardial Infarction, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Vessels, Inosine Diphosphate, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

To investigate the performance of multi-parameter coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), including stenosis, plaque qualitative-quantitative characteristics, and fractional flow reserve derived from CCTA (FFRct), to predict acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and build a combined model.Thirty patients with AMI 90 days after CCTA and 120 matched patients without AMI were enrolled retrospectively. Multiple CCTA parameters were analysed and compared. Independent risk factors were obtained through univariate and multivariate regression analyses, after which a multi-parameter model was built.A total of 150 patients were analysed successfully. The multi-parameter CCTA model (area under the curve, 0.944; p0.001) had a higher predictive value than each single parameter (p0.001, all). Independent risk factors were intra-plaque dye penetration (IDP; odds ratio [OR], 8.373; p=0.002), lipid plaque volume (LPV; OR, 1.263; p0.001), and FFRct ≤0.83 (OR, 8.092; p=0.001).This one-stop multi-parameter CCTA model, comprising IDP, LPV, and FFRct as independent risk factors, has good performance to predict AMI.

Published
2021

23. BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Author

E. Abahuje, A. Abbas, M. Abd El Aziz Abd El Maksoud, A. Abdelhady, S. Abdelhamid, H. Abdelkarem Ahmed Faraj, B. Abdelqader, T. Abdelrahman, H. Abdou, A. Abdullah, M. Abedua Harrison, E. Abem Owusu, A. Aboalazayem, R. Aboulhosn, S. Abu Oda, A. Abubakar, A. Abutaka, D. Acevedo Fontalvo, S. Acuna, A. Adefemi, S. Adegbola, T. Adenuga, A. Adeyeye, A. Adil Hilmi, A. Adisa, K. Aditya, T. Adjeso, R. Aftab, A. Afzal, V. Aggarwal, A. Aggarwal, R. Aguilera, M. -L. Aguilera-Are´valo, E. J. Aguirre Salamanca, I. Aguirre-Allende, D. Ahari, H. Ahmad, F. Ahmad Rauf, A. Ahmad Zartasht Khan, S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed Fieturi, S. Ahmed Mohamed, Z. Ahmed-Bakhsh, M. Ahsan Javed, L. Akano, A. Akbar, M. Akhbari, P. Akhmedov, G. Aksit, Y. Akula, A. S. Alagaratnam, S. Al Majid, O. Al Mukhtar, H. Al Omran, N. AlAsali, M. Al-Azzawi, R. Al-Habsi, H. Al-Iraqi, H. Al-Naggar, E. Alameer, H. Albirnawi, D. Alderson, F. Aldulaijan, R. Alejandro Miranda Ojeda, A. AlHasan, S. Ali, A. Ali, M. Ali Khan, Y. Alimova, F. Aljanadi, R. Aljubure, N. Allopi, H. Almedbal, M. Almubarak, Z. Alqaidoom, N. Alselaim, M. Alshaar, R. Alshammari, K. Altaf, S. Altıner, B. Altunpak, L. A. Alvarez Lozada, E. Amal Nahal, A. Amer, K. Amin, U. Aminu, N. Amisi Numbi, T. Amjad, R. Amoah, Y. An, N. -A. Anastasopoulos, J. Andre´s Urrutia, F. Angarita, K. -L. Angarita, M. A´ ngel FreirI´a Eiras, A. Antypas, M. A. Anwar, H. Anwar, T. O. Apampa, K. Apostolou, C. Aquina, R. Arachchige Adithi Himika Randeni, M. I. Archila Godı´nez, O. Arez, A. A. Arezzo, P. Armonis, S. Arshad, M. Arshad Salman, A. Arshid, P. C. Arteaga Asensio, T. Arthur, A. Arumuga Jothi, F. Aryo Damara, L. Asensio Gomez, J. Ashcroft, S. Ashraf, A. Asif, M. Atif, M. Attaullah Khan, N. Avellaneda, S. Awad, M. Awadh, A. Axiaq, A. Ayad Mohammed Shuwayyah, D. Ayalew, E. Aytac, F. Azam, J. Azevedo, B. Azhar, J. Aziz, A. Aziz, A. Azzam, A. Baba Ndajiwo, M. Baig, D. Baker, F. Bakko, R. Balachandran, G. Balachandran, J. Balagizi Mudekereza, E. Balai, B. Balci, A. Balduzzi, A. Balhareth, S. Bandyopadhyay, D. Banerjee, D. Bangalore Mahalinga, B. Bankhead-Kendall, N. D. A. Bankole, V. Banwell, F. Baris Bengur, B. Baris Ozmen, M. Barnard, R. Barnett, J. A. Barreras Espinoza, A. Barrios, G. Bass, M. Bass, A. Bausys, A. Bavikatte, J. Bayram, M. Belousov, A. G. Berardi, A. Beamish, C. Beattie, F. Belia, V. Bellato, S. Bellikatti, S. Benjamens, C. Benlice, S. Bennedsgaard, S. Bennett, Z. Bentounsi, H. Bergenfeldt, A. Bergenfelz, M. Besselink, G. Bhandoria, E. Bhangu, M. Bhatia, M. T. Bhatti, Z. Bilgili, G. Bislenghi, C. Bisset, S. Biswas, J. Blake, R. Blanco, L. Boccalatte, R. Boden, C. Bojanic, M. Boland, P. Boland, E. Bollen, E. -A. Bonci, L. Boni, A. Booth, R. Booth, A. Borakati, G. E. Borunda Escudero, S. J. Bosco, P. Bostro¨ m, P. Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz, K. Bouchagier, A. Bouhuwaish, M. Boutros, K. Boyce, C. Boyle, L. Bradshaw, A. Brandl, A. Brar, G. Brat, H. Brenkman, C. Brennan, C. Brines, A. Brookmyre, C. Brosnan, L. Brouwers, A. Brown, L. Brown, C. Brown, J. Brown, V. BS, M. Buksh, M. Bunani Emmanuel, D. Burbano, A. Burelli, A. Burke, J. Burke, N. Burlov, A. Burns, O. Burton, A. Butt, B. Buzra Ozkan, L. Cabrera Silva, E. Y. Caicedo, T. Calderbank, W. Cambridge, G. Campelo, O. Can Tatar, F. Carbone, F. Carrano, D. Casallas, D. Casanova Portoles, F. Casciani, I. Cassimjee, O. A. Castaneda Ramı´rez, V. Catala´ n, J. Caviedes, L. Cayetano, M. ~ Ceresoli, M. Chan, V. Chan, P. Chandrasinghe, S. Chapman, A. Chaturvedi, D. Chaudhry, H. Chaudry, H. W. Chen, A. Cheng, M. Chernykh, A. M. Cherrie, I. Cheruiyot, J. Cheung, C. Chia, J. Chica, N. Chinai, A. Chirwa, J. Chiwaligo, A. Choi, J. Choi, M. R. Chowdhury, E. Christopher, N. Christou, T. Chu, D. Chua, H. W. Chua, C. Chung, A. Cihat Yildirim, M. Cillo, S. Cioffi, H. Claireaux, S. Clermonts, R. Clifford, M. Climent, A. Clynch, R. -J. Coelen, E. Cola´ s-Ruiz, A. Collar, M. Collard, K. C. Conlon, T. Connelly, K. Connor, J. A. Cook, T. Correia de Sa´, N. Cos¸gun Acar, T. Costa, D. Couch, S. Cowper, B. Creavin, B. Crook, A. Curell, R. D’alessio, J. Dale, J. Damgaard Eriksen, I. Dario Martin Gonzalez, A. Darwish, M. Das, R. Das, K. Das, R. Dave, S. O. David, T. Davies, C. Davis, S. Davison, V. Davletshina, A. Dawidziuk, A. Dawson, M. de Andres Crespo, H. de Berker, P. de Dieu Ngo, E. Dekker, R. de la Caridad Espinosa Luis, B. de Lacy, N. Demartines, A. de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes, S. De Silva, C. del Rio, V. Delaune, A. Dell, I. Demirbas¸, S. Demirli Atici, M. Deniz Tepe, M. Derebey, G. Desai, M. Desai, S. Devarakonda, N. Deveras, G. Di Franco, M. Di Martino, F. Di Marzo, A´ . Dı´az, G. Diaz del Gobbo, C. DiazCastrillon, L. Dick, K. Dickinson, E. Diego, I. Dimasi, A. Ding, S. Dingemans, L. Dixon, B. Dixon, W. Doherty, D. Dooreemeah, C. Donohue, M. Dornseifer, F. Dossa, W. Dossou, T. Drake, I. Drami, G. Drevin, M. C. du Plessis, N. Dudi-Venkata, R. Dudley, S. Duffy, D. Duklas, B. -D. Dumbrava, F. Duygu Avlar, A. Dworzynska, W. Ebrahim, A. Ebrahim, E. Efre´n Lozada Herna´ ndez, N. Ehigie, M. El Boghdady, C. El Hasnaoui, M. El Sheikh, A. El-Hussuna, O. Eldurssi, H. Elfeki, M. Elhadi, M. Elhassan, A. Elhissi, B. Elliot, C. Elsenbroek, B. Elsolh, N. Elson, H. Eltyeb, H. Emerson, S. H. Emile, G. Endalle, W. English, C. Ercisli, G. Espinosa, M. Essam Abdelraheem, H. Essangri, P. Etienne, M. D. Evans, T. Evans, C. Ezeme, F. Ezzahraa, T. Fadalla, J. Fagan, M. Fahmy, C. Fairfield, O. Falade, S. Famularo, F. Faqar-Uz-Zaman, Y. Farid, A. Farooq, H. Farooq, F. Farooqui, B. Farquharson, A. Faruqi, R. Faulder, M. Faut, K. Fechner, T. Feenstra, M. Fehervari, L. Fernandez, J. Ferna´ ndez Alberti, L. Ferrario, D. Field, L. Fiore, S. Fingerhut, S. Finlayson, N. Fleming, C. Fleming, E. Florial, M. Fok, D. Fokin, M. Foley, M. P. Forero, T. Forgan, M. Fornasiero, H. Fowler, G. Fowler, E. Franchi, L. Franklin, A˚ . Fredriksson, P. Fruhling, G. Fuentes Navarrette, A. Fu¨ lo¨ p, M. Furtado, T. Gaarder, N. Galbraith, I. T. K. Gallagher, G. Gallo, T. 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Zhukova, L, Zivanovic, M, Zmuc, J, Zope, M, Zubayraeva, A, Zucker, B, Aguilera-Arévalo, M -L, Aguirre Salamanca, E J, Al-Asali, N, Altıner, S, Alvarez Lozada, L A, Anastasopoulos, N -A, Andrés Urrutia, J, Angarita, K -L, Ángel FreirÍa Eiras, M, Anwar, M A, Apampa, T O, Archila Godínez, M I, Arteaga Asensio, P C, Bankole, N D A, Barreras Espinoza, J A, Bhatti, M T, Bonci, E -A, Borunda Escudero, G E, Bosco, S J, Boström, P, Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz, P, Caicedo, E Y, Castañeda Ramírez, O A, Catalán, V, Chen, H W, Chowdhury, M R, Chua, H W, Coelen, R -J, Colás-Ruiz, E, Correia de Sá, T, Coşgun Acar, N, D’Alessio, R, David, S O, de Andres Crespo, M, de Berker, H, de Dieu Ngo, P, de la Caridad Espinosa Luis, R, de Lacy, B, de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes, A, del Rio, C, Demirbaş, I, Díaz, Á, Diaz del Gobbo, G, Diaz-Castrillon, C, du Plessis, M C, Dumbrava, B -D, Efrén Lozada Hernández, E, Fernández Alberti, J, Forero, M P, Fredriksson, Å, Fülöp, A, Gatan, R G, Gortázar, S, Gregório, L, Grüter, A, Gülçek, E, Hafeez Bhatti, A B, Hoh, S M, Hölmich, E, Hüttner, F, Alhasan, A J M S, Perez Rivera, C J, Jácome, F, Jariod-Ferrer, Ú, José, J, José Núñez Ju, J, José Pizarro, M, Khan, M F, Kırımtay, B, Kmezić, S, Koëter, T, König, D, Leyva Moraga, F A, Li, H L, Londoño, M A, Lopes de Freitas, R, López, A I, Mafla Herrería, C A, Manzano Nuñez, R, Marín, D, Martín Martín, G, Masior, Ł, Möckli, B, Mohamed, H M, Mohammad, S A, Mohammed, T O, Montcusí Ventura, B, Mora-Guzmán, I, Morán, R A R, Morera, Á, Moss, J -L, Moyón, M, Müller, P, Muñoz, F, Muñoz, E, Muñoz, A, Muñoz Balderas, D C, Ng, C E, Fhearaigh, R N, Nikolousakis, T -K, Kristensen, H Ø, O’Brien, L, O’Brien, S, O’Reilly, J, O’Rourke, S, O’Sullivan, M, O’Dwyer, M, Oh, K E, Öhlberger, L, Ölçüm, M, Oscullo Yepez, J J, Osei-kuffour, N, Ottlakán, A, Pavan Kumar, O M, Peña Gallardo, M T, Peña Velazquez, A, Pérez-Sánchez, L E, Pompeu Sá, M, Ponniah, H S, Ponte de Sousa, X, Portilla, A L, Pulido Segura, J A, Quimbaya Rodríguez, A S, Racoviţă, A, Rahiri, J -L, Rey Chaves, C E, Roalsø, M, Rodríguez, F, Rodriguez, M C, Ruiz-Úcar, E, Rutegård, M, Sá-Marta, E, Sam, Z H, Emile, Sameh H, Sánchez Fonseca, S, Sgrò, A, Sia, T C, Smart, Y W, Sneep-van Kessel, C, Solórzano Pineda, O, Stephen, B -J, Takoutsing Dongmo, A B, Tamás, T, Tan, J L, Thyø, A, Tölgyes, T, Torrent Jansà, L, Tovani Palone, M R, Valdez Gonzalez, R A, van Beek, D -J, van Dalen, A S, van den Hondel, D, van der stok, E, van Dorp, M, van Oostendorp, S, van Praag, E, van Rees, J, van Silfhout, L, Vasilica, A -M, Vásquez Ojeda, X, Vilar Alvarez, M E, Viscasillas Pallàs, G, Vizcaya Rodríguez, V, Wang, Y Y, Wellington, M J, Wirsik, M M, Wong, W J, Wong, K -Y, Wright, O Wroe, Yang, P -C, Yanzon de la Torre, A, Younis, M U, Zamora, A T, and Surgery

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), International Cooperation, Practice Patterns, Commission, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Perioperative Care, Education, Surgeon, COVID-19, surgery, perioperative care, Medical, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Graduate, Pandemics, Surgeons, Health Resource, Infection Control, Physicians', Surgical Procedures, business.industry, General surgery, Middle Aged, Operative, Education, Medical, Graduate, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Perioperative care, Health Resources, Surgery, Female, business, Human
Abstract

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues’ experiences and published evidence. Methods In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.

Published
2021
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24. POS1249 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 AND mRNA-1273 VACCINES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Author

Y. J. Chen, W. N. Huang, H. H. Chen, H. W. Chen, P. L. Cheng, J. P. Chen, C. T. Lin, K. T. Tang, W. T. Hung, T. Y. Hsieh, T. H. Hsiao, Y. M. Chen, and Y. H. Chen

Subjects
Rheumatology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

BackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated immunogenicity after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) [1], but the differences between mRNA-based and vector vaccines and the cellular responses to COVID-19 vaccines according to distinct immunogenicity in AIRD patients are still unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the differences in efficacy and safety between the vector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and mRNA-based vaccine mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in patients with AIRD, and to explore the cell-cell interactions between high and low anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels in patients with rheumatic arthritis (RA) by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).MethodsFrom September 16 to November 15, 2021, we consecutively enrolled 243 participants aged ≥20 years with AIRD who received COVID-19 vaccination, of whom 113 were immunized with AZD1222 and 130 with mRNA-1273. The level of serum IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain on the spike protein S1 subunit was quantified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay at 4-6 weeks after vaccination. Moreover, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from two RA patient with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG level and four RA patients with low level for scRNA-seq and cell-cell communication signal was analyzed by CellChat.ResultsThe anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity rate was 78.8% (89/113) for AZD1222 and 83.1% (108/130) for mRNA-1273. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was higher in patients who received mRNA-1273 than in those who received AZD1222 (β: 30.15, 95% CI: 11.67-48.63, p=0.002) (Table 1). Prednisolone-equivalent dose >5 mg/day and methotrexate (MTX) use in AIRD patients, and non-anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor use in RA patients were associated with inferior immunogenicity. ScRNA-seq revealed CD16-monocytes were predominant in RA patients with high anti-SARS-CoV2-IgG antibody level, and enriched pathways related to antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) were found (Figure 1). HLA-DRA and CD4 interaction was vigorous among all identified MHC-II pathway and was enhanced in high anti-SARS-CoV2-IgG antibody group.Table 1.Multivariate analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG level in patients with rheumatic diseases following COVID-19 vaccinesMultivariate analysisβ95% CIp valueMedicationsGlucocorticoidsNot usedReference≤5 mg/day−22.48(−56.33,11.37)0.192>5 mg/day−23.45(−43.54,-3.36)0.022Methotrexate−24.89(−45.70,-4.08)0.019Targeted therapiesTargeted therapies group Not usedReference TNF inhibitor−15.78(−41.33,9.76)0.224 Non-TNF bDMARD−25.27(−55.47,4.93)0.100 JAK inhibitor−17.08(−47.23,13.07)0.265VaccineChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222ReferencemRNA-127330.15(11.67,48.63)0.002TNF: tumor necrosis factor, bDMARDs: biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, JAK: Janus kinase.Figure 1.The comprehensive cell atlas of PBMC of RA patients with high and low anti-SARS-CoV2-IgG antibodies. A) UMAP visualization of PBMC cells from RA patients. B) The proportion of cell types between high and low antibody groups. C) Volcano plot of CD16-monocyte showed differential expressed genes. D) Pathway analysis between high and low antibody groups; PRBC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell, RA: rheumatoid arthritis, NK cell: natural killer cell, pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cell, CLP: common lymphoid progenitor.ConclusionmRNA-1273 and AZD1222 vaccines exhibited differential immunogenicity in patients with AIRD. Enriched pathways related to antigen presentation via MHC class II in CD16-monocytes might be associated with higher anti-SARS-CoV2-IgG level in RA patients and further study is warranted.References[1]Geisen UM, Berner DK, Tran F, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions and immunosuppressive therapy in a monocentric cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80:1306-1311.AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the Biostatistics Task Force of Taichung Veterans General Hospital for their assistance with the statistical analysis in this study.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

Published
2022
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25. AB0408 EXOSOMAL MicroRNAs AS BIOMARKERS FOR VIRAL REPLICATION IN TOFACITINIB-TREATED RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C

Author

T. L. Liao, H. W. Chen, K. T. Tang, W. N. Huang, Y. H. Chen, and Y. M. Chen

Subjects
Rheumatology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

BackgroundDespite recent advances of direct-antiviral agents (DAA) for Hepatitis C virus (HCV), it is still a prevalent worldwide issue and therapeutic challenge in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). HCV viral replication may respond differently to biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) of different mechanism of action. Exosomal microRNA 155 (exo-miR-155) and exo-miR-122 have been implicated in modulating the host immune response and transmit anti-HCV factors to HCV-infected hepatocytes in patients with RA. However, it remains unknown how exosomal miRNAs may respond following bDMARDs and tsDMARDs treatment in HCV-infected patients with RA.ObjectivesWe aimed to study the changes of exo-miR-155 and exo-miR-122 following bDMARDs and tsDMARDs treatment in HCV-infected RA patients.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled RA patients taking anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors, rituximab and tofacitinib. The effect of bDMARDs and tsDMARDs on HCV viral replication were assessed using an HCV-tricistronic replicon cell system. Exo-miR-155 and 122 were detected by quantitative PCR.ResultsHCV RNA replication in hepatocytes were not affected by tofacitinib treatment. Exo-miR-155 and exo-miR-122 were significantly increased in RA patients with HCV infection compared with those without HCV infection. We observed a dramatically increase of exo-miR-122 and decreased of exo-miR-155 in patients taking rituximab compared with the TNF-α inhibitors, tofacitinib and conventional synthetic DMARD groups. Finally, a reduction of exo-miR-122 and increase of exo-miR-155 levels were detected following DAA therapy for HCV.ConclusionExo-miR-155 and exo-miR-122 were potential biomarkers for RA patients with HCV infection. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.References[1]Liao TL, Hsieh SL, Chen YM, Chen HH, Liu HJ, Lee HC, Chen DY (2018) Rituximab may cause increased hepatitis C virus viremia in rheumatoid arthritis patients through declining exosomal microRNA-155. Arthritis Rheumatol 70: 1209-1219.Table 1.Demographics of HCV-infected RA patients with bDMARDs and tsDMARDsanti-TNF-α therapy n=3Rituximab n=3Tofacitinib n=3Age62.8 (54.0-71.4)59.9 (49.9-67.6)63.8 (55.5-70.9)Gender (female, %)2 (66.7)3 (100)2 (66.7)Disease duration (years)11.0 (8.8-14.0)11.3 (7.6-17.0)12.0 (8.2-13.8)RF (IU/ml)155.0 (102.2-324.4)363.5 (265.0-538.7)95.0 (75.4-152.6)Anti-CCP antibody (units)132.7 (83.0-210.8)160.7 (106.9-400.3)112.0 (88.0-211.8)DAS285.3 (4.9-6.5)5.3 (4.8-6.4)5.2 (4.7-6.5)Figure 1.Comparison of exo-miR-122 (left panel) and exo-miR-155 levels (right panel) in RA patients receiving different biologics. All experiments were performed in triplicate and data are presented as the mean ± SD. RTX, rituximab; TNFi: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor; Tofa, tofacitinib. **pDisclosure of InterestsNone declared

Published
2022
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26. Overcoming radiation resistance by iron-platinum metal alloy nanoparticles in human copper transport 1-overexpressing cancer cells via mitochondrial targeting

Author

Tsung-Lin Tsai, Yu-Hsuan Lai, Helen H. W. Chen, and Wu-Chou Su

Abstract

Background Radiation therapy remains an important treatment modality in cancer therapy, however, resistance is a major problem for treatment failure. Elevated expression of glutathione (GSH) is known to associate with radiation resistance. We used GSH overexpressing small cell lung cancer cell lines, SR3A-13 and SR3A-14, established by transfection with γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) cDNA, as a model for investigating strategies of overcoming radiation resistance. These radiation-resistant cells exhibit upregulated human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1), which also transports cisplatin. This study was initiated to investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism of iron-platinum nanoparticles (FePt NPs) on radiation sensitization in cancer cells.Methods Uptakes of FePt NPs in these cells were studied by plasma optical emission spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Effects of the combination of FePt NPs and ionizing radiation (IR) were investigated by colony formation assay and animal experiment. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by using fluorescent probes and imaged by a fluorescence-activated-cell-sorting caliber flow cytometer. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in mitochondria after FePt NP and IR treatment was investigated by a Seahoarse XF24 cell energy metabolism analyzer.Results These hCtr1-overexpressing cells exhibited elevated resistance to IR and the resistance could be overcome by FePt NPs via enhanced uptake of FePt NPs. Overexpression of hCtr1 was responsible for the increased uptake/transport of FePt NPs as demonstrated by using hCtr1-transfected parental SR3A (SR3A-hCtr1-WT) cells. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and drastic mitochondrial damages with substantial reduction of oxygen consumption rate were observed in FePt NPs and IR-treated cells, indicating that structural and functional insults of mitochondria is the lethal mechanism of FePt NPs. Furthermore, FePt NPs also increased the efficacy of radiotherapy in mice bearing SR3A-hCtr1-WT-xenograft tumors.Conclusion These results suggest that FePt NPs can potentially be a novel strategy to improve radiotherapeutic efficacy in hCtr1-overexpressing cancer cells via enhanced uptake and mitochondria targeting.

Published
2020
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27. 5.3 An Up-to-1400nm 500MHz Demodulated Time-of-Flight Image Sensor on a Ge-on-Si Platform

Author

P.-C. Wu, K.-C. Chu, H.-W. Chen, C.-F. Liang, P.-T. Huang, S.-L. Cheng, Y.-F. Lyu, B.-J. Chen, S.-W. Chu, C.-Y. Chen, C.-L. Chen, S.-L. Chen, K. P. Petrov, N. Na, S.-S. Su, M.-J. Yang, K.-C. Hsu, C.-T. Lin, and H.-D. Liu

Subjects
Physics, Laser safety, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, law.invention, Wavelength, Responsivity, Optics, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Laser power scaling, Image sensor, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Image resolution
Abstract

Indirect time-of-flight (iToF) image sensors on silicon platforms [1]–[3] are attracting rising attention because of their better immunity to background light and potential to achieve higher pixel resolution. Shifting the laser wavelength to 940nm [3] may further improve the outdoor performance but at a cost of reduced responsivity and lower modulation speed. As shown in red in Fig. 5.3.1, the solar irradiance at 940nm is only one-fourth of the case at 850nm, and it keeps going down with increasing wavelength and even vanishes at ~1350nm. To further increase the system SNR, using larger laser power is a feasible choice, but this introduces a laser safety issue [4]. The maximum permissible exposure (MPE) at the cornea versus laser wavelength with 0.1s exposure time is plotted in blue in Fig. 5.3.1 as well. Obviously, the exposure limit is quite stringent at 940nm, but much relaxed at a longer near-infrared (NIR) wavelength. Both curves in Fig. 5.3.1 indicate that a better SNR can be achieved with lasers emitting at a longer NIR wavelength, while the system can still satisfy the constraint of MPE. Unfortunately, traditional silicon solutions fail to operate at a wavelength beyond 1000nm because of the 1.1eV indirect bandgap. However, it is shown that this can be solved by using germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) as the absorption material [5]. Since Ge has a direct bandgap of 0.8eV, Ge-on-Si technology can extend the absorption wavelength up to nearly 1550nm.

Published
2020
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28. Efficient hybrid acceleration scheme for generating 100 MeV protons with tabletop dual-laser pulses

Author

Shogo Isayama, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, H. W. Chen, Shih Hung Chen, and Y. L. Liu

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Tandem, Proton, business.industry, Nuclear Theory, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, law.invention, Pulse (physics), Acceleration, Optics, Radiation pressure, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Proton beams with energies beyond 100 MeV are essential for a wide range of applications, including modern cancer therapies. The generation of high-energetic protons beyond 100 MeV in experiments using PW-level laser pulses normally requires laser energies of 10–200 J. We propose an efficient hybrid scheme using tabletop (tens of TW) dual-laser pulses with laser energy of a few Joules with tandem solid density and near-critical density targets. The results of a 2D particle-in-cell simulation show that the combination acceleration scheme of the radiation pressure acceleration (RPA), laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), and target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) with the dual-pulses can considerably enhance the maximum proton energy to ∼220 MeV, which is nearly three times of the proton energy achieved by the RPA or the RPA-LWFA-TNSA using a single laser pulse.

Published
2021
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29. Application of magnetic adsorbent with silicate and phenyl polymers to adsorb Rhodamine B

Author

H.-W. Chen, C.-S. Chiou, and Z.-T. Chen

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Environmental Engineering, Extraction (chemistry), Inorganic chemistry, Langmuir adsorption model, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Paramagnetism, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, Desorption, symbols, Rhodamine B, Environmental Chemistry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 0210 nano-technology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

The extensive use of Rhodamine B (RhB) for textile, paper, pigment, food, cosmetic, and drug manufacturing and its indiscriminate disposal leads to serious human, biological, and environmental hazards. A magnetic adsorbent with silicate and phenyl polymers (Ph/SiO2/Fe3O4) has been prepared to absorb RhB. The morphology and structure of the adsorbents have been characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR, and adsorption–desorption measurement. The results revealed that Ph/SiO2/Fe3O4 exhibited a paramagnetic behavior and could easily and quickly be separated from a suspension. The RhB adsorption behavior was almost pH independent due to the adsorption between the phenyl ring of Ph/SiO2/Fe3O4 and RhB by π–π electron-donor–acceptor interactions. The adsorption behavior of RhB adsorption was in good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 142.186 mg g−1. Good desorption performance of Ph/SiO2/Fe3O4 showed that this novel magnetic adsorbent cannot only be activated by ethanol extraction process but also reuse by the recovery of magnetic force.

Published
2017
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30. Clinical usefulness of preoperative computed tomography parameters to predict the surgical outcomes of laparoendoscopic single-site adrenalectomy

Author

Chen Yan, H-W. Chen, C.C. Li, and W.J. Wu

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Urology, Adrenalectomy, medicine.medical_treatment, Computed tomography, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, Single site, medicine, Radiology, business
Published
2020
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31. The equipment control system of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure beamline at Taiwan photon source

Author

C. Y. Liu, B. Y. Liao, H. W. Chen, C. F. Chang, and L. C. Chiang

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Amplifier, Collimated light, law.invention, Optics, Beamline, law, Control system, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Remote control, Beam (structure), Monochromator
Abstract

One of the beamlines at Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), numbered as TPS 44A, is for Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure experiments. The main components include a collimation mirror, a focusing mirror, and a quick-scan double crystal monochromator. There are also various diagnosis and monitoring equipment. It uses four-blade slits to constrain the beam size and block unwanted part. Besides, current amplifiers are attached to the slits. At the locations in front or at rear of some mirrors which can change the direction of the x-ray beam, there are fluorescent screens and cameras to observe positions and strength of the beam. Most of them need electronic motors or high-pressure air to be movable and controllable from a remote control system. If there exists one integrated control system for all equipment, it will be easier for the scientists to operate the beamline, adjust the conditions of various parameters, do the commissioning, and concentrate on the experiments.

Published
2019
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32. On-Line Optimization of Microgrid Operating Cost Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Author

S H Lin, H W Chen, and H H Yu

Subjects
Computer Science::Systems and Control, Computer science, Reinforcement learning, Control engineering, Microgrid, Line (text file), Operating cost
Abstract

In view of the microgrid random optimization scheduling problem, this paper proposes a microgrid online optimization algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning. By using the approximate state-action value function of the deep neural network, the action of the battery is discretized into the decision variables output by the neural network, and then the remaining decision variables are solved by nonlinear programming and the immediate return is calculated. The optimal strategy is obtained by using the Q-learning algorithm. In order to make the neural network adapt to the randomness of wind, photovoltaic and load power, according to the wind, photovoltaic and load power prediction curves as well as wind, photovoltaic and load prediction errors, Monte Carlo sampling was used to generate multiple sets of training curves to train the neural network. After the training is completed, the weight is fixed and the real-time action value of the battery is output according to the real-time status of the microgrid, so as to realize the online optimal dispatching of the microgrid. Compared with day-ahead optimization results under different fluctuations of wind, photovoltaic and load power, the effectiveness and superiority of this algorithm in online optimization of microgrid are verified.

Published
2021
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33. Parametric Studies of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composite Laminates Under Low-Velocity Impact

Author

Y.-L. Chen, H.-W. Chen, and Y.-C. Lin

Subjects
Materials science, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Constitutive equation, Composite number, Micromechanics, 02 engineering and technology, Bending, Composite laminates, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, SMA, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Composite plate, Plate theory, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

In the paper, the influence of shape memory alloy (SMA) by varying the parameters such as volume fraction, orientation, and temperature on the hybrid-SMA composite laminate subjected to low-velocity impact is studied. A theoretical model for the composite laminated plate bonded with SMA reinforced layers is presented. The constitutive relation of the SMA layer is obtained by using the method of micromechanics. The governing relations obtained can be used for theoretical predications of thermomechanical properties of SMA plies in this paper. The analytical expressions for the hybrid SMA composite plate are derived based on Tanaka's constitutive equation and linear phase transformation kinetics presented by Liang and Rogers.The laminated plate theory, first-order shear deformation theory and minimal potential energy principle is utilized to solve the governing equations of the hybrid composite plate and calculate the absorbed energies including tensile, shear and bending.An orthogonal array and analysis of variance is employed to investigate the influence of the mentioned parameters on the energy absorption of the hybrid laminated plate. The results showed that the effects of the phase transformation temperature are more significant than the effects of the volume fraction and orientation of SMA on structural energy absorption.

Published
2016
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34. Major bleeding as spontaneous haemoperitoneum in a patient with factor V deficiency

Author

D.-M. Tien, Y.-T. Yeh, H.-W. Chen, and Chao-Bin Yeh

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Factor V Deficiency, business.industry, Hematology, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tomography x ray computed, X ray computed, medicine, Hemoperitoneum, Radiology, Tomography, medicine.symptom, business, Genetics (clinical), Major bleeding, 030215 immunology
Published
2017
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35. Application of GeTe phase-change films in the directly heated two-port switch design

Author

S. Qu, J. H. Zhang, J. M. Wang, L. B. Gao, H. W. Chen, and X. Li

Subjects
Phase change, Materials science, business.industry, Optoelectronics, Port (circuit theory), business
Abstract

Phase-change (PC) materials offer the property of thermally induced reversible change and exhibit different resistance values due to the structure changes between crystalline and amorphous phases. In this work, GeTe films with a thickness of 100 nm were deposited on the glass substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and annealed at different temperatures. The XRD analysis showed diffraction peaks corresponding to the rhombohedral structure of c-GeTe (021), (200), (202), and (220), respectively. Upon annealing at 300 and 340°C, the rhombohedral structure would transform into a rock salt structure. The Raman analysis revealed that a-Ge-Te covalent bond is the mixed structure of tetrahedron and defective octahedron changing into tetrahedral cells. The resistivity declined sharply from 0.72 to 3.8× 10−6 Ω-m, whereas the Hall mobility of holes sharply rose to 300 m2/Vs. Based on the above films, a two-port directly heated switch device was designed and fabricated in sandwich structure to verify its phase-change characteristics. Low-resistance state was converted from crystallization with a 20ns 9V voltage pulse, while high-resistance state was by passing a 2 μs 2V voltage pulse. The on/off resistance ratio of switch could reach five orders of magnitude, while the switch state remained stable after the process termination. The results obtained strongly suggest that GeTe is a promising material for RF switches.

Published
2020
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36. Myocardial CT perfusion imaging and atherosclerotic plaque characteristics on coronary CT angiography for the identification of myocardial ischaemia

Author

M.-L. Xu, Jun Wang, P.-Y. Qian, G.-L. Ding, Xiang-Ming Fang, and H.-W. Chen

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Computed Tomography Angiography, Ischemia, Myocardial Ischemia, Contrast Media, Perfusion scanning, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Angiography, Sensitivity and Specificity, Iopamidol, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, heterocyclic compounds, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Computed tomography angiography, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Coronary Stenosis, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, General Medicine, Blood flow, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Stenosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Predictive value of tests, Cardiology, Female, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Perfusion, medicine.drug
Abstract

To investigate the value of myocardial computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging (CTP) and atherosclerotic plaque characteristics (APCs) identified on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) for the detection of myocardial ischaemia by using single-photon-emission CT (SPECT) as a reference.Thirty-six patients (63.9% males) undergoing combined stress dynamic CTP and CCTA were enrolled and analysed. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) from CTP was quantified and compared between normal and abnormal segments. The ability of CTP and APCs to detect ischaemia was compared to that of SPECT.Nineteen patients with 78 segments had perfusion abnormalities on CTP. A significant difference was seen in MBF values between normal (118.51±27.86 ml/100 ml/min) and hypoperfused (79.60±21.35 ml/100 ml/min) segments (t=15.832, p0.05). The sensitivity and specificity for identifying ischaemia were 90.91% and 94.97%, respectively, on a per-segment basis, resulting in a r value of 0.737 (p0.05). On a per-vessel basis, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting ischaemia were 86.67% and 84.62%, respectively, for CTP; 93.33% and 58.97%, respectively, for CCTA; and 86.67% and 87.18%, respectively, for CTP combined with CTA, with an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) being 0.87 (p0.05) and 0.887 (p0.05) for CTP and its combination with CTA, respectively. On CCTA, 55 vessels with APCs were detected, with an AUC of 0.737 (p0.05) for APCs combined with CCTA stenosis and 0.802 (p0.05) for APCs combined with CTP.Dynamic stress CTP shows good correlation with SPECT for the detection of ischaemia. Additionally, combining APCs with CCTA stenosis has the ability to discriminate ischaemic stenosis.

Published
2018

37. High-Performance Germanium-an-Silicon Lock-in Pixels for Indirect Time-of-Flight Applications

Author

S.-L. Cheng, H.-D. Liu, M.-J. Yang, S.-L. Chen, H.-W. Chen, Y.-T. Chou, C.-Y. Chen, B.-J. Chen, C.-T. Lin, C.-L. Chen, N. Na, S.-W. Chu, W.-H. Liu, C.-F. Liang, and Y.-F. Lyu

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Laser, law.invention, Wavelength, Time of flight, Optics, chemistry, law, Demodulation, Quantum efficiency, Photonics, business
Abstract

We investigate and demonstrate the first Ge-on-Si lock-in pixels for indirect time-of-flight measurements. Compared to conventional Si lock-in pixels, such novel Ge-on-Si lock-in pixels simultaneously maintain a high quantum efficiency and a high demodulation contrast at a higher operation frequency, which enable consistently superior depth accuracies for both indoor and outdoor scenarios. System performances are evaluated, and pixel quantum efficiencies are measured to be >85% and >46% at 940nm and 1550nm wavelengths, respectively, along with demodulation contrasts measured to be >0.81 at 300MHz. Our work may open up new routes to high-performance indirect time-of-flight sensors and imagers, as well as potential adoptions of eye-safe lasers (e.g. wavelengths > $1.4\mu\mathrm{m})$ ) for consumer electronics and photonics.

Published
2018
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39. Spin-charge-lattice coupling in YBaCuFeO

Author

H W, Chen, Y-W, Chen, J-L, Kuo, Y C, Lai, F C, Chou, C H, Du, and H L, Liu

Subjects
Article
Abstract

We combined spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations to explore the optical properties of YBaCuFeO5 single crystals. Measuring the optical absorption spectrum of YBaCuFeO5 at room temperature revealed a direct optical band gap at approximately 1.41 eV and five bands near 1.69, 2.47, 3.16, 4.26, and 5.54 eV. Based on first-principles calculations, the observed optical excitations were appropriately assigned. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the band gap indicated anomalies in antiferromagnetic phase transition at 455 and 175 K. Additionally, a hardening in the frequency of the Eg phonon mode was observed at 175 K. The value of the spin–phonon coupling constant was 15.7 mRy/Å2. These results suggest a complex nature of spin–charge–lattice interactions in YBaCuFeO5.

Published
2018

40. Prognostic value of volumetric metabolic parameter changes determined by during and after radiotherapy-based

Author

Helen H W, Chen, Wu-Chou, Su, How-Ran, Guo, Bi-Fang, Lee, and Nan-Tsing, Chiu

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Lung Neoplasms, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Cohort Studies, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Humans, Female, Glycolysis, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Proportional Hazards Models
Abstract

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic value of volumetric metabolic parameters assessed by during and after radiation-based therapy

Published
2018

42. Applying Online Image Analysis to Simultaneously Evaluate the Removals of Suspended Solids and Color from Textile Wastewater in Chemical Flocculated Sedimentation

Author

H. D. Huang, H. W. Chen, R. F. Yu, and W. P. Cheng

Subjects
Suspended solids, Materials science, Sedimentation (water treatment), Environmental engineering, General Decision Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pulp and paper industry, 01 natural sciences, Fractal dimension, Computer Science Applications, Wastewater, Settling, Particle-size distribution, Sewage treatment, Particle size, 0210 nano-technology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The removal of suspended solids (SS) and color is critically important for textile wastewater treatment processes. Typically, chemical coagulation and sedimentation have been used as pretreatment processes to remove SS and color from textile wastewater. The effective removal of SS depends significantly on the particle size distribution, density, and fractal dimension. In practice, a batch settling test is used in the laboratory to evaluate the performance of chemical coagulation for the removal of SS. In this paper, we present the application of digital image analysis (DIA) for on-line and simultaneous measurement of the variations of the characteristics of particles in textile wastewater. This technology was used during a batch settling test to measure the characteristics of particles, including the mean gray value (MGV) of the captured images, particle size (i.e., equivalent diameter (ED)), total area, total volume, the fractal dimension, and the mean red/green/blue (R/G/B) values of the captured images. The on-line DIA data were used as input to regression and artificial neural network (ANN) models that predicted the efficiencies of SS removal and color removal in real textile wastewater after chemical coagulation and sedimentation. The experimental results indicated that the ANN models predicted both the SS and color removal efficiencies precisely, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.93 to 0.96. Thus, digital image analysis and ANN models can be used to simultaneously evaluate the removal of SS and color from textile wastewater by chemical coagulation.

Published
2017
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43. Early detection of acute radiation-induced lung injury with multi-section CT perfusion imaging: An initial experience

Author

X.-J. Yao, H.-W. Chen, J. Guo, P.-Y. Qian, X.-y. Hu, Alexander Lerner, J.-Y. Zhou, Chunhong Hu, and X.-M. Fang

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemodynamics, Perfusion scanning, Lung injury, Sensitivity and Specificity, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, Respiratory system, Radiation Injuries, Lung, Aged, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Lung Injury, General Medicine, Blood flow, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, Early Diagnosis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Radiation-induced lung injury, Regional Blood Flow, Acute Disease, Female, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

To explore the value of 64-section computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging (CTPI) in the early diagnosis of acute radiation-induced lung injury (ARILI).Fifty-one patients with oesophageal cancers or malignant thymomas received postoperative radiation therapy with a 60-62 Gy dose and underwent CTPI at pre- and post-radiation therapy time points (week 0, week 4, week 8, and week 12 respectively). The CTPI values were prospectively compared and analysed in order to evaluate the diagnostic utility of CTPI in the early diagnosis of ARILI.Eighteen cases (18/51) of ARILI were diagnosed. The mean values of relative regional blood flow (rrBF), relative regional volume (rrBV), and relative regional permeability surface (rrPS) in the ARILI group were correspondingly higher than those of the non-ARILI group. At week 4, rrBF, rrBV, and rrPS in the ARILI group were significantly higher than those at pre-radiation (each p0.05). In the non-ARILI group, rrBF and rrBV were higher than those at pre-radiation (each p0.05); however, rrPS was not statistically different from that of pre-irradiation. Applying the diagnostic threshold value of rrPS = 1.22, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CTPI for early diagnosis of ARILI were better than those of CT.CTPI metrics may reflect haemodynamic changes in the post-irradiation lung and can detect cases of early ARILI that appear normal at CT. CTPI is a promising technique for early diagnosis of ARILI.

Published
2014
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44. ADAR1 deaminase contributes to scheduled skeletal myogenesis progression via stage-specific functions

Author

Y. R. Wee, H. W. Chen, C. L. Hsieh, Shu-Jen Chen, Bertrand Chin-Ming Tan, Hsuan Liu, Lin Kang, Yu-Shu Huang, and Yu-Chieh Chen

Subjects
Genetics, Original Paper, Adenosine Deaminase, Myogenesis, Cellular differentiation, Morphogenesis, RNA-Binding Proteins, RNA, Apoptosis, Cell Differentiation, Mice, Transgenic, RNA-binding protein, Context (language use), Cell Growth Processes, Cell Biology, Biology, Cell biology, Mice, DNM1, Animals, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, HeLa Cells, Dynamin
Abstract

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) catalyzes cellular RNA adenosine-to-inosine editing events on structured RNA molecules. In line with this critical role, ADAR1 exhibits ubiquitous expression and is essential for embryonic development. However, regulation and developmental significance of this RNA editor in a spatiotemporal context are largely elusive. Here we unveil a novel tissue-specific role of ADAR1 in skeletal myogenesis. ADAR1 expression displayed programmed alteration that is coordinated with differentiation cues, and mediated negatively by miRNA-1/206. Coincidently, ADAR1 exerts stage-dependent functions—suppression of apoptosis at the onset of differentiation and preservation of timely myotube formation through later phase. Furthermore, the post-transcriptional aspect of its myogenic role was illustrated by the spectrum of binding RNAs, as revealed by high-throughput approach, as well as by direct regulation of myogenesis-associated targets such as dynamin 1/2 (Dnm1/2) and annexin A4. Consequently, maintenance of target gene expression profiles likely contributes to a state of cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics that is amenable to myoblast morphogenesis. Collectively, these findings uncover a critical link of ADAR1 to myogenesis, and further highlight an epigenetic mechanism by which ADAR1 and miR-1/206 interplay to control scheduled myoblast–myotube transition.

Published
2014
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45. Diagnostic value of procalcitonin for bacterial infection in elderly patients - a systemic review and meta-analysis

Author

Chien-Chang Lee, Rai-Chi Chan, H.-W. Chen, Shy Shin Chang, S.-H. Lee, and Jiunn-Yih Wu

Subjects
Calcitonin, medicine.medical_specialty, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, MEDLINE, Context (language use), Cochrane Library, Sensitivity and Specificity, Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing, Procalcitonin, Sepsis, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Protein Precursors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Bacterial Infections, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, C-Reactive Protein, ROC Curve, Meta-analysis, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Summary Objective To summarise evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) tests for identifying systemic bacterial infections in elderly patients. Methods Major databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were searched for studies published from 1975 to March 2013 that evaluated PCT as a marker for diagnosing systemic bacterial infections in elderly patients and that provided sufficient data to construct two-by-two tables. Results Four studies were available for quantitative meta-analysis. The area under a summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.92). The overall sensitivity and specificity estimates for PCT tests were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.38–0.98) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.60–0.94), respectively. These studies reported heterogeneous sensitivity estimates ranging from 0.24 to 0.96. The positive likelihood ratio for PCT (LR+ = 4.77; 95% CI: 2.49–9.13) was not sufficiently high for its use as a rule-in diagnostic tool, while its negative likelihood ratio was acceptably low for its use as a rule-out diagnostic tool (LR− = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.04–0.97). Conclusions Existing data suggest that PCT tests may add to the diagnosis of sepsis in elderly patients. We did not observe the performance of the PCT test in elderly patients inferior to adult patients. Given the imperfect accuracy, we do not recommend that the PCT test be used in isolation; instead, we suggest that it be interpreted in the context of clinical findings.

Published
2013
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46. Cytoplasmic CXCR4 High-Expression Exhibits Distinct Poor Clinicopathological Characteristics and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Author

C.-W. Du, Xiao-Long Wei, H.-W. Chen, Guo-Jun Zhang, and Ui-Soon Khoo

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Cancer, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, CXCR4, HER2/neu, Metastasis, Breast cancer, Internal medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Immunohistochemistry, CXC chemokine receptors, skin and connective tissue diseases, business, Molecular Biology, Triple-negative breast cancer
Abstract

CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) plays a prominent role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, its association with breast cancer subtypes is still unknown. In the current study, we analyzed the expression level and the cellular location of CXCR4 in 175 cases of human breast tumors, including 75 cases of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), 41 cases of luminal-subtypes and 60 cases of HER2-positive breast cancers by using immmunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that CXCR4 was expressed more frequently in the TNBCs than in other subtypes (71% for TNBC vs 44% for HER2-positive and 37% for luminal subtype, p

Published
2013
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49. A novel Al matrix composite reinforced by nano-AlN

Author

X, Ma, Y F, Zhao, W J, Tian, Z, Qian, H W, Chen, Y Y, Wu, and X F, Liu

Subjects
Article
Abstract

In pursuit of lightweighting of automobiles and low emission of transportation, the efforts to develop high-strength, heat-resistant and fatigue-resistant Al alloys and/or composites have been ongoing. Here we report a novel Al matrix composite with ultrahigh strength reinforced by a three dimensional network of nano-AlN particles for the first time. The in-situ synthesized AlN particles are connected by twinning bonding chains and built up a three dimensional network strengthening Al matrix enormously like the skeleton to human body. The composite containing 16.4wt.% AlN particles shows excellent properties: the ultimate tensile strengths can be up to 518MPa at room temperature and 190MPa at 350 °C. This peculiar performance results from the novel spatial distribution of nano-scale AlN particles. Our findings in this work would help to develop a potential candidate for high-performance heat resistance light-metal based materials.

Published
2016

50. Leakage current conduction behaviors of 0.65nm equivalent-oxide-thickness HfZrLaO gate dielectrics

Author

Chuan-Hsi Liu, H. W. Hsu, J. Y. Chen, H. W. Chen, and King-Chuen Lin

Subjects
business.industry, Chemistry, Schottky diode, Equivalent oxide thickness, Dielectric, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Capacitor, law, Electric field, Current conduction, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

The high κ gate dielectrics of MOS capacitors with LaO/HfZrO stacked (denoted as HfZrLaO) have been fabricated by atomic-layer-deposited (ALD). In this study, the data show that the gate leakage current density (Jg) is about 1.9 A/cm2, and the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is about 0.65 nm with quantum effects taken into account. The analysis of the leakage current conduction characteristics is based on the temperature dependence of the leakage current from 300 to 475 K. The dominant current conduction behaviors are Schottky emission in the region of low electric fields ( 4 MV/cm) and low temperatures (

Published
2012
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