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We report on an experimental study of the effect of coherent surface-bulk electron scattering on quantum transport in a three-dimensional topological insulator Bi$_2$Te$_3$ nanoplate. The nanoplate is grown via van der Waals epitaxy on a mica substrate and a top-gated Hall-bar device is fabricated from the nanoplate directly on the growth substrate. Top-gate voltage dependent measurements of the sheet resistance of the device reveal that the transport carriers in the nanoplate are of n-type and that, with decreasing top gate voltage, the carrier density in the nanoplate is decreased. However, the mobility is increased with decreasing top-gate voltage. This mobility increase with decreasing carrier density in the nanoplate is demonstrated to arise from a decrease in bulk-to-surface electron scattering rate. Low-field magnetotransport measurements are performed at low temperatures. The measured magnetoconductivity of the nanoplate shows typical weak anti-localization (WAL) characteristics. We analyze the measurements by taking surface-bulk inter-channel electron scattering into account and extract dephasing times ${\tau}_{\phi}$, diffusion coefficients $D$ of electrons at the top surface and in the bulk, and the surface-bulk scattering times ${\tau}_{SB}$ as a function of top-gate voltage and temperature. It is found that the dephasing in the nanoplate arises dominantly from electron-electron scattering with small energy transfers. It is also found that the ratio of ${\tau}_{\phi}$/${\tau}_{SB}$ (a measure of the surface-bulk electron coherent coupling) is decreased with decreasing gate voltage or increasing temperature. We demonstrate that taking the surface-bulk coherent electron scattering in our Bi$_2$Te$_3$ nanoplate into account is essential to understand quantum transport measurements at low temperatures., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Supplementary Materials

A serial triple quantum dot (TQD) integrated with a quantum dot (QD) charge sensor is realized from an InAs nanowire via a fine finger-gate technique. The complex charge states and intriguing properties of the device are studied in the few-electron regime by direct transport measurements and by charge-sensor detection measurements. The measurements of the charge stability diagram for a capacitively coupled, parallel double-QD formed from a QD in the TQD and the sensor QD show a visible capacitance coupling between the TQD and the sensor QD, indicating a good sensitivity of the charge sensor. The charge stability diagrams of the TQD are measured by the charge sensor and the global features seen in the measured charge stability diagrams are well reproduced by the simultaneous measurements of the direct transport current through the TQD and by the simulation made based on an effective capacitance network model. The complex charge stability diagrams of the TQD are measured in detail with the integrated charge sensor in an energetically degenerate region, where all the three QDs are on or nearly on resonance, and the formations of quadruple points and of all possible eight charge states are observed. In addition, the operation of the TQD as a quantum cellular automata is demonstrated and discussed., 18 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information included

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) generally display tissue-specific distributions, and testis-specific lncRNAs form the highest proportion of lncRNAs in many species. Here, we presented a detailed analysis of testis-specific lncRNAs in the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, a highly destructive insect pest of cucurbitaceous and other related crops. Most testis-specific lncRNAs were found to be long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA). The size distribution of these lncRNAs ranged between 600 and 1000 nucleotides. Testis-specific lncRNAs that harboured one isoform number and two exons were the most abundant. Compared to other male tissues, the testis had more highly expressed lncRNAs. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results of 10 randomly selected testis-specific lncRNAs showed expression patterns consistent with RNA-seq data. Further analysis of the most highly expressed testis-specific lncRNA, lnc94638, was undertaken. Fluorescent in situ hybridization assays localized lnc94638 to the apical region of the testis that contains mature spermatozoa. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of lnc94638 expression reduced spermatozoa numbers and impaired the fertility of Z. cucurbitae male. This study provides a catalogue of testis-specific lncRNAs, shows that the testis-specific lnc94638 is involved in spermatogenesis and has the potential to be used for treating male sterility.

Linear complementary dual (LCD) codes are linear codes whose intersections with their duals are trivial. In this paper, characterizations of LCD codes with respect to the symplectic inner product, i.e. symplectic LCD codes, over finite fields are given. Some methods for constructing symplectic LCD codes and symplectic LCD MDS codes are presented. As an application, a class of symplectic LCD MDS codes is constructed by employing Vandermonde matrices, and the corresponding MDS maximal entanglement entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes (EAQECCs) are constructed.

Semiconductor InSb nanosheet/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/graphite trilayers are fabricated, and single- and double-gate devices made from the trilayers are realized and characterized. The InSb nanosheets employed in the trilayer devices are epitaxially grown, free-standing, zincblende crystals and are in micrometer lateral sizes. The hBN and graphite flakes are obtained by exfoliation. Each trilayer is made by successively stacking an InSb nanosheet on an hBN flake and on a graphite flake using a home-made alignment stacking/transfer setup. The fabricated single- and double-gate devices are characterized by electrical and/or magnetotransport measurements. In all these devices, the graphite and hBN flakes are employed as the bottom gates and the gate dielectrics. The measurements of a fabricated single bottom-gate field-effect device show that the InSb nanosheet in the device has an electron field-effect mobility of ~7300 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ and a low gate hysteresis of ~0.05 V at 1.9 K. The measurements of a double-gate Hall-bar device show that both the top and the bottom gate exhibit strong capacitive couplings to the InSb nanosheet channel and can thus tune the nanosheet channel conduction effectively. The electron Hall mobility in the InSb nanosheet of the Hall-bar device is extracted to be larger than 1.1$\times$10$^4$ cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ at a sheet electron density of ~6.1$\times$10$^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ and 1.9 K and, thus, the device exhibits well-defined Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations., 18 pages, 3 figures, Supplementary Information

Atherosclerosis, characterized by endothelial injury, multicellular involvement, chronic inflammation, and lipid deposition, can lead to acute cardiovascular events. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant, prevalent RNA modification in mammalian cells. m6A, a reversible modification, can be catalyzed by m6A methyltransferase complexes (writers), reverted by demethylases (erasers), and recognized by m6A-binding proteins (readers). Emerging evidence suggests that m6A modification plays a significant role in regulating many biological and cellular processes in atherosclerosis. In this review, we highlight the biological function of m6A modification and give a brief perspective on its future applications in atherosclerosis.This is a narrative review. The literature search strategy for indexed Scopus articles was performed randomly using PubMed and MEDLINE as the primary sources. No specific term was used.As the mechanism of the relationship between inflammatory response and atherosclerosis, m6A has become a new focus in the study of clinical treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. METTL14-dependent m6A modification may be a target for atherosclerosis therapy. A variety of m6A regulatory factors promote the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating polarization and inflammation of macrophages. WTAP and METTL14 can affect the phenotypic modulation of VSMCs through m6A modification.The existence of m6A in cardiovascular transcripts is necessary to maintain cardiac function, and the level of m6A modification is increased in a variety of atherosclerotic vascular cells, indicating that m6A modification is involved in the pathophysiological process of atherosclerosis. m6A modification plays an important character in atherosclerosis.

We report on an experimental study of the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in an epitaxially grown free-standing InAs nanosheet in a dual-gate field-effect device. Gate-transfer characteristic measurements show that independent tunings of the carrier density in the nanosheet and the potential difference across the nanosheet can be efficiently achieved with use of the dual gate. The quantum transport characteristics of the InAs nanosheet are investigated by magnetoconductance measurements at low temperatures. It is shown that the electron transport in the nanosheet can be tuned from the weak antilocalization to the weak localization and then back to the weak antilocalization regime with a voltage applied over the dual gate without a change in carrier density. The spin-orbit length extracted from the magnetoconductance measurements at a constant carrier density exhibits a peak value at which the SOI of the Rashba type is suppressed and the spin relaxation due to the presence of an SOI of the Dresselhaus type in the nanosheet can be revealed. Energy band diagram simulations have also been carried out for the device at the experimental conditions and the physical insights into the experimental observations have been discussed in light of the results of simulations., 17 pages, 5 figures and Supplementary Materials

The paradox of obesity and metabolically healthy obesity are being challenged. More and more studies have disputed the potential mechanism and prognostic value of metabolically healthy obesity. The study of metabolically healthy obesity is helpful to clarify the potential causes of obesity paradox and the potential mechanism of different degrees of obesity harm to the population. From the perspective of evidence-based medicine, combined with the relevant literature at home and abroad, this study reviewed the new understanding of metabolically healthy obesity, lifestyle factors, the impact of fat factors on metabolically healthy obesity, and the new opportunities of metabolically healthy obesity research, in order to explore whether metabolically healthy obesity can maintain and gradually reduce weight for a long time, so as to improve cardiovascular disease In order to achieve the purpose of primary prevention of related diseases.肥胖悖论和代谢正常型肥胖正在受到挑战，越来越多的研究就代谢正常型肥胖的潜在机制及其预后价值产生争议。研究代谢正常型肥胖有利于阐明肥胖悖论及不同程度肥胖对人群危害的潜在机制。本研究从循证医学的角度，结合国内外相关文献，就代谢正常型肥胖的新认识、生活方式因素以及脂肪因子对代谢正常型肥胖的影响、代谢正常型肥胖研究的新机遇进行综述，以期探究代谢健康型肥胖可否长期保持并逐步降低体重，用以改善人群心血管病疾病的发病和死亡情况，从而达到相关疾病一级预防的目的。.

Magnetography using magnetic sensitive lines is regarded traditionally as the main instrument for measuring the magnetic field of the whole Sun. Full polarized Stockes parameters ($I$, $Q$, $U$, $V$) observed can be used to deduce the magnetic field under specific theoretical model or inversion algorithms. Due to various reasons, there are often cross-talk effects among Stokes signals observed directly by magnetographs. Especially, the circular polarized signal $V$ usually affects the linear polarized ones $Q$ and $U$ seriously, which is one of the main errors of the value of the transverse magnetic field (parallel to the solar surface) that is related to $Q$ and $U$. The full-disk magnetograph onboard the Advanced Space based Solar Observatory (ASO-S/FMG) is designed to observe Stockes parameters to deduce the vector magnetic field. In this paper, the methods correcting the effects of cross-talk $V$ to $Q$ and $U$ are based on the assumption of perfectly symmetric Q and U and anti-symmetric Stokes V profiles and a new method to reduce the crosstalk effect under observation mode of FMG is developed. Through the test, it is found that the two methods have better effect in cross-talk removal in the sunspot region, and have better consistency. Addtionally, the developed methodcan be applied to remove the cross-talk effect using only one group of $Q$, $U$ and $V$ images observed at one wavelength position., 27 pages, 15 figures, accepted by SolPhys. 2021

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) generally display tissue-specific distributions, and testis-specific lncRNAs form the highest proportion of lncRNAs in many species. Here, we presented a detailed analysis of testis-specific lncRNAs in the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, a highly destructive insect pest of cucurbitaceous and other related crops. Most testis-specific lncRNAs were found to be long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA). The size distribution of these lncRNAs ranged between 600 and 1000 nucleotides. Testis-specific lncRNAs that harboured one isoform number and two exons were the most abundant. Compared to other male tissues, the testis had more highly expressed lncRNAs. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results of 10 randomly selected testis-specific lncRNAs showed expression patterns consistent with RNA-seq data. Further analysis of the most highly expressed testis-specific lncRNA, lnc94638, was undertaken. Fluorescent in situ hybridization assays localized lnc94638 to the apical region of the testis that contains mature spermatozoa. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of lnc94638 expression reduced spermatozoa numbers and impaired the fertility of Z. cucurbitae male. This study provides a catalogue of testis-specific lncRNAs, shows that the testis-specific lnc94638 is involved in spermatogenesis and has the potential to be used for treating male sterility.

This study aims to explore the impact of LINC00887 on the malignant progression of glioma via upregulating CCND1.LINC00887 and CCND1 levels in glioma patients in different tumor grades or metastasis statuses were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Kaplan-Meier curves were depicted for analyzing the prognostic potential of LINC00887 in glioma patients. Meanwhile, Pearson correlation test was conducted to assess the expression correlation between LINC00887 and CCND1 in glioma tissues. After knockdown of LINC00887 in LN229 and U251 cells, proliferative abilities were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Subcellular distribution of LINC00887 was determined. Thereafter, RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to uncover the interaction between LINC00887 and CCND1. After α-amanitin induction in glioma cells overexpressing LINC00887, RNA degradation of CCND1 was examined at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Finally, the synergistic regulation of both LINC00887 and CCND1 on glioma proliferation was explored by CCK-8 assay.It was found that LINC00887 was upregulated in glioma tissues, especially in stage III+IV or metastatic glioma cases. Overall survival was remarkably worse in glioma patients expressing a high level of LINC00887 than those with a low level. CCND1 was upregulated in glioma tissues as well, showing a positive correlation to LINC00887. In addition, LINC00887 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and interacted with CCND1, and it shortened the half-life of CCND1. Moreover, the knockdown of LINC00887 inhibited glioma cell proliferation, and this inhibitory effect was abolished by overexpression of CCND1.LINC00887 is upregulated in glioma tissues, and it aggravates the malignant progression of glioma by upregulating CCND1.

A thin, narrow-bandgap semiconductor Bi$_2$O$_2$Te nanosheet is obtained via mechanical exfoliation and a Hall-bar device is fabricated from it on a heavily doped Si/SiO$_2$ substrate and studied at low temperatures. Gate transfer characteristic measurements show that the transport carriers in the nanosheet are of $n$-type. The carrier density, mobility, and mean free path in the nanosheet are determined by measurements of the Hall resistance and the longitudinal resistance of the Hall-bar device and it is found that the electron transport in the nanosheet is in a quasi-two-dimensional (2D), strongly disordered regime. Magnetotransport measurements for the device at magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the nanosheet plane show dominantly weak antilocalization (WAL) characteristics at low fields and a linear magnetoresistance (LMR) behavior at large fields. We attribute the WAL characteristics to strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) and the LMR to the classical origin of strong disorder in the nanosheet. Low-field magnetoconductivity measurements are also performed and are analyzed based on the multi-channel Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka theory with the LMR correction being taken into account. The phase coherence length, spin relaxation length, effective 2D conduction channel number and coefficient in the linear term due to the LMR in the nanosheet are extracted. It is found that the spin relaxation length in the Bi$_2$O$_2$Te nanosheet is several times smaller than it in its counterpart Bi$_2$O$_2$Se nanosheet and thus an ultra-strong SOI is present in the Bi$_2$O$_2$Te nanosheet. Our results reported in this study would greatly encourage further studies and applications of this emerging narrow-bandgap semiconductor 2D material., 14 pages, 3 figures, and Supplementary Materials

The Josephson junction of a strong spin-orbit material under a magnetic field is a promising Majorana fermion candidate. Supercurrent enhancement by a magnetic field has been observed in the InAs nanowire Josephson junctions and assigned to a topological transition. In this work we observe a similar phenomenon but discuss the non-topological origin by considering trapping of quasiparticles by vortices that penetrate the superconductor under a finite magnetic field. This assignment is supported by the observed hysteresis of the switching current when sweeping up and down the magnetic field. Our experiment shows the importance of quasiparticles in superconducting devices with a magnetic field, which can provide important insights for the design of quantum qubits using superconductors., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

We report on the realization of a coupled quantum dot (QD) system containing two single QDs made in two adjacent InAs nanowires. One QD (sensor QD) is used as a charge sensor to detect the charge state transition in the other QD (target QD). We investigate the effect of the tunneling barrier asymmetry of the target QD on the detection visibility of charge state transition in the target QD. The charge stability diagrams of the target QD under different configurations of barrier-gate voltages are simultaneously measured via the direct signals of electron transport through the target QD and via the detection signals of charge state transition in the target QD from the sensor QD. We find that the complete Coulomb diamond boundaries of the target QD and the transport processes involving the excited states in the target QD can be observed in the transconductance signals of the sensor QD only when the tunneling barriers of the target QD are nearly symmetric. These phenomena are explained by analyzing the effect of the ratio of the two tunneling rates on the electron transport processes through the target QD. Our results imply that it is important to consider the symmetry of the tunneling couplings when constructing a charge sensor integrated QD device or qubit., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures

Aspirin, as a traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has therapeutic and preventive effects on gastrointestinal tumors. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract, so it is necessary to find effective preventive and therapeutic measures. This article reviews the research progress and mechanism of aspirin on hepatocellular carcinoma with a view to provide references for future clinical treatment.阿司匹林作为传统的非甾体类抗炎药，对于消化道肿瘤有治疗和预防作用，肝细胞癌作为消化道最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，寻找到有效的预防和治疗措施是十分必要的。现综述阿司匹林对肝细胞癌作用的研究进展及其机制，以期为今后的相关临床治疗提供参考。.

To understand the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City, so as to provide the scientific evidence for consolidating schistosomiasis control achievements.Fixed and mobile surveillance sites were set up in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City from 2013 to 2015.A total of 540.14 hmThere are still residual

InAs

We report on phase-coherent transport studies of a Bi2O2Se nanoplate and on observation of universal conductance fluctuations and spin-orbit interaction induced reduction in fluctuation amplitude in the nanoplate. Thin-layered Bi2O2Se nanoplates are grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transport measurements are made on a Hall-bar device fabricated from a CVD-grown nanoplate. The measurements show weak antilocalization at low magnetic fields at low temperatures, as a result of spin-orbit interaction, and a crossover toward weak localization with increasing temperature. Temperature dependences of characteristic transport lengths, such as spin relaxation length, phase coherence length, and mean free path, are extracted from the low-field measurement data. Universal conductance fluctuations are visible in the low-temperature magnetoconductance over a large range of magnetic fields and the phase coherence length extracted from the autocorrelation function is consistent with the result obtained from the weak localization analysis. More importantly, we find a strong reduction in amplitude of the universal conductance fluctuations and show that the results agree with the analysis assuming strong spin-orbit interaction in the Bi2O2Se nanoplate.

The transport characteristics of a disordered, multilayered MoS

Power spinning is a very complicated plastic forming process, and its processing quality involves many and complicated process parameters. The simufact.forming software is used to simulate the power spinning of the titanium alloy cylindrical parts. The effects of technological parameters such as attacking angle, roller nose radius, feed rate, spinning temperature, etc. on cylindrical parts accuracy, spinning force, and stress-strain distribution are systematically studied. The causes of spinning process defects are analyzed, and the sensitivity of process parameters that affected spinning quality is ranked. Through orthogonal test analysis, it is determined that a set of optimal process parameters for the titanium alloy cylindrical part spinning process: attacking angle is attacking angle 20°, the roller nose radius is 10mm, feed rate is 1mm/r, spinning temperature is 850°C. The spinning process of titanium alloy cylindrical parts is initially formed, which lays the foundation for the subsequent spinning process tests of titanium alloy cylindrical parts.

Bi₂Te₃ nanotubes are synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal method. Te nanotubes are prepared firstly and then used as a template to produce Bi₂Te₃ nanotubes. The structure and morphology of the synthesized nanotubes are characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The synthesized Bi₂Te₃ nanotubes are several microns in length and about 400 nm in diameter. The growth process is investigated in detail under different experimental conditions. The formation mechanism of Bi₂Te₃ nanotubes from the Te nanotube template is proposed and discussed. Electrical property of single Bi₂Te₃ nanotube is investigated. The synthesis of smooth Bi₂Te₃ nanotubes opens up the opportunities of investigating novel physical phenomena of topological insulators with two independent surfaces.

We investigate the transport properties of a pair of Majorana bound states in both serial configuration and T-shape configuration with ferromagnetic leads. By using a non-equilibrium Green’s function method, the formula of current and shot noise are obtained. The numerical results show that the coupling between the Majorana bounds states at the ends of a wire can be tuned by the polarization P and polarization angle $$\theta $$ intimately in serial configuration. However, this coupling in T-shape configuration is only affected by ferromagnetic leads faintly. In addition, the Fano factor in both configurations is influenced by the polarization P and polarization angle $$\theta $$ intimately at low bias region. Because of the different transport mechanisms, the serial configuration and T-shape configuration show sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian shot noise at low bias, respectively.

Semiconductor Bi

Nanostructures of ternary topological insulator (TI) Bi

High-mobility semiconducting ultrathin films form the basis of modern electronics, and may lead to the scalable fabrication of highly performing devices. Because the ultrathin limit cannot be reached for traditional semiconductors, identifying new two-dimensional materials with both high carrier mobility and a large electronic bandgap is a pivotal goal of fundamental research. However, air-stable ultrathin semiconducting materials with superior performances remain elusive at present. Here, we report ultrathin films of non-encapsulated layered Bi

To investigate changes in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on peripheral monocytes, determine the value of predicting the development of stroke-associated infection (SAI), and determine the correlation with other conditions in critically-ill patients in the neurological intensive care unit (NICU) who suffered an acute stroke.All patients were enrolled consecutively and admitted to NICU within 24 h after the onset of symptoms. Patients were followed in order to identify whether infection developed and determine survival status within 2 weeks after the stroke. Patients were divided into stroke or control group by study design, infection or non-infection group by whether or not they had an infection, survival or death group by prognosis and cerebral infarction or cerebral haemorrhage group by stroke type. Patients in which acute stroke was excluded by head CT or MRI were admitted to general ward and were used as a control group. Blood samples were collected serially on days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 14 after stroke, then monocyte human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression was determined by flow cytometry. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHEII) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were recorded over the course of observation.Fifty-three subjects and 39 controls were enrolled in the study. On days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 14, there was a significant difference in monocyte HLA-DR expression between stroke group and control group (all P0.001), but no difference was found between ischaemic stroke group and haemorrhagic stroke group (all P0.05). The infection group compared with non-infection group did not exhibit a significant difference in HLA-DR expression on days 1 and 2 (all P0.05), but significant differences emerged on days 4, 6 and 14 (all P0.01). On days 1 and 2 the HLA-DR expression in the survival group compared with death group, was not significantly different (all P0.05), but differences became significant on days 4 and 6 (P0.01). On day 1, HLA-DR expression62.80% had the predictive value to SAI (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 55.2%, AUC = 0.661, P = 0.031) and on day 2, HLA-DR expression57.83% had the predictive value to SAI (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 79.3%, AUC = 0.907, P = 0.000) in acute stroke patients. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between NIHSS and HLA-DR on days 2 and 4 during the observation period (all P0.01), but there was no statistically significant negative correlation on days 1, 6 or 14 (all P0.05). HLA-DR expression did not correlate with APACHEII (all P0.05) or GCS (all P0.05) during the measurement period.Human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression decreases and sustains a dynamic change and it also relates to the severity of patient's condition in the critically-ill patients with stroke. Progressively persistent low monocyte HLA-DR expression is associated with a poor prognosis. The decline in HLA-DR expression contributes to infection in critically-acute stroke patients. Monitoring of monocyte HLA-DR expression may be useful for identifying patients suffering from acute stroke who are at high risk for infection.

The new antifungal agents provide further opportunities for effective prophylaxis for fungal infections during stem cell transplantation for patients with hematologic malignancies; however, the efficacy of these antifungal prophylactic drugs has not yet been established. This study was to compare the newer antifungal agents micafungin and voriconazole for prophylaxis effects on the clinical outcomes.We electronically searched the database of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pubmed, EMbase, and relevant database articles (1996.01-2013.12). Comparative studies were carried out on proved fungal infections, mortality, and adverse effects. Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.1.6 software and the funnel plot regression was adopted to assess the publication bias.We found 1508 records and 13 studies totaling 3767 patients included in analyses. Pooled comparisons of studies found that antifungal prophylaxis with the new agents does reduce the incidence of invasive fungal infections than fluconazole or itraconazole. The reduction in invasive fungal infections was achieved by using micafungin, voriconazole for antifungal prophylaxis. Using voriconazole prophylaxis can decrease the transplant mortality compared with fluconazole or itraconazole prophylaxis. Voriconazole had higher rates of liver dysfunction, lower gastrointestinal side effects over fluconazole, and lower rates of nephrotoxic effects than amphotericin B. Both micafungin and voriconazole had a significant decrease in adverse events requiring drug discontinuation compared with itraconazole.This analysis indicated the 2 agents appear to be well tolerated with manageable side effects and beneficial in the prophylaxis of IFI. Further work is needed with a large scale of random controlled trials on the effect of these drugs.

We report fabrication and measurement of a device where closely-placed two parallel InAs nanowires (NWs) are contacted by source and drain normal metal electrodes. Established technique includes selective deposition of double nanowires onto a previously defined gate region. By tuning the junction with the finger bottom gates, we confirmed the formation of parallel double quantum dots, one in each NW, with a finite electrostatic coupling between each other. With the fabrication technique established in this study, devices proposed for more advanced experiments, such as Cooper-pair splitting and the observation of parafermions, can be realized.

Pyroelectric effect in PMN-PT single crystal and ceramics was measured. Two pyroelectric peaks were observed in the ceramic material. But, the single crystal exhibited three pyroelectric peaks at 342, 368, 381 K, respectively. The gentle hill at 342 K demonstrates that the spontaneous polarization changes gradually during the rhombohedral-tetrogonal phase transition. The peak at 381 K was unexpected and it indicates that chemical composition is not homogeneous in the single crystal sample. The correlation between the distribution of chemical composition and dispersion of piezoelectric constant was discussed.

We report on the discovery of a generic piezoelectric field in strained core‐shell compound semiconductor nanowires. We present the lattice‐mismatch induced strain in epitaxial core‐shell nanowires and show that it gives, very generally, rise to an internal piezoelectric field along the axis of the nanowire. This field results predominantly from atomic displacements in polar bonds and microscopic polarizations along the nanowire axis within both the core and shell materials. The mechanism and internal piezoelectric field is particularly strong in 〈111〉 orientated zinc blende and [0001] orientated wurtzite crystalline core‐shell nanowires. The effect can be employed to generate the potovoltaic effect in core‐shell nanowires free of doping and thus offers a new device concept for solar cells and photodetectors.