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The study area is situated in the central part of the Western Desert of Egypt between latitude 28°00′ to 30°00′ N and longitude 25°00′ to 30°00′ E. That region is distinguished by a featureless plain that is divided by depressions in Siwa, Qattara, and Bahariya. The purpose of the current study is to study the predominant structures in the area and how they relate to basin structure. Utilizing aerogravity data (Bouguer gravity, residual gravity, downward continuation, and Euler deconvolution) and aeromagnetic data (reduced to the northern Pole [RTP] anomalies and tilt derivative) is essential to accomplish this purpose. Through both qualitative analyses, these data were submitted to various processing and interpretation approaches. The subsurface structure configuration trending in E–W, N–S, NW–SE, NE–SW, ENE–WSW, and NNE–SSW directions has been simulated by utilizing aerogravity and aeromagnetic data. According to these maps, the study area is divided by around 44 faults. The study's findings indicated that the direction of the basement structure was almost NE–SW and N–S. The optimum Euler depth deconvolution at structure index, SI = 0 shows several features in the study area, including Sill, Dyke, Ribbon, and Step structures.

We present the optical, physical, and alpha/proton absorption properties of C-type P2O5–TeO2–ZnO ternary glass structures with a nominal composition of 20P2O5.30TeO2. (50-x)ZnO.xCdO (x = 15, 20, 30, 40 mol%). Using experimental methods, the physical and optical features of manufactured glasses are measured. The densities of the produced samples are increased due to ZnO/CdO translocation. Sixteen different bands are obtained as a result of deconvolution process. The C20 sample is reported with the largest optical band gap (3.530 eV) while the C15 sample is reported with the lowest (3.450 eV). According to our results, keeping the CdO concentration of ternary glasses around 40% is crucial for maintaining the glassy structure since glassy structure is distorted when %50 CdO (i.e., C50 sample) is incorporated into the glass structure. The shortest distances that alpha and protons may travel at the same energy levels are found in the C40 sample, which has the largest CdO contribution and the highest glass density. Due to the C40 sample’s greatest resistance to the movement of heavy particles within the material, this is the case. Our results have shown that 40% CdO contribution improves absorption of alpha and protons within the absorber material. Due to their great transparency and promising material features, it can be concluded that ternary glasses containing CdO might serve as excellent glass shields. WOS:000854502000004 Q2 - Q3

This study aimed to design an Artificial Neural Network modelling to estimate the remarkable dose length product (DLP) value during the chest computed tomography (CT) examinations for quality assurance in a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The structure of artificial neural networks model was designed considering various input parameters, namely patient weight, patient size, body mass index, mean CT dose index, scanning length, kVp, mAs, exposure time per rotation and pitch factor. The examination details of 1897 chest CT scans were used as retrospective data. Different types of learning algorithms such as Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian and Scaled-Conjugate Gradient were checked in terms of the accuracy of the test data. The R-value or the test data was representing the correlation coefficient for the real system and system output is given as 0.97328, 0.82263 and 0.90574 for the Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian and Scaled-Conjugate Gradient algorithms, respectively. The findings showed that the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm comprehensively detects DLP values for chest CT examinations. To meet CT efficiency standards, it may be an effective to use simplified methodology. It can be deduced that artificial intelligence methods can be used to perform high precision DLP on the chest CT exams where the radiation-related risks are particularly great or highly relevant for patients. This type of approaches are effective instruments and can be applied to risk evaluations in the field of diagnostic radiology.

The synthesis and extensive characterization of newly developed boron nitride nanosheet (BNNSs)-reinforced WNiCoFeCr high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are presented. The influence of B4C on the structural, physical, mechanical, and nuclear shielding characteristics of synthesized HEAs has been widely examined in terms of its monotonic effects on the behavior changes. The internal morphology and structural characteristics of the fabricated composites are first investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Wear testing is used to determine the coefficient of friction as a function of sliding distance. Experimental gamma ray and neutron setups are created to determine their shielding characteristics against nuclear radiation. Finally, the shielding characteristics of nuclear radiation for gamma ray and fast neutrons are compared extensively to those of many existing and new-generation shielding materials. Among the examined samples, the S2 sample with B4C and BNNSs reinforcement had the greatest mechanical characteristics. Our findings imply that increasing B4C directly contributes to the shielding qualities of nuclear radiation. The B4C created in the structure of BNNSs contributes to the overall properties of HEAs, which are crucial for nuclear applications, since HEAs are being examined as a component of future nuclear reactors. Additionally, B4C is a very versatile material that may be used in circumstances where mechanical and nuclear shielding properties need to be enhanced for a variety of radiation energies. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature. 2-s2.0-85134366577

This research aims to investigate the structural and gamma shielding properties of different resin composite dental materials for medical applications. For this study, morphological structures and elemental compositions of the investigated composite samples were obtained by SEM/EDS analysis. The FTIR spectroscopy was employed to understand the bond structures of the resin composites. In addition to structural analyses, some of vital gamma radiation attenuation parameters were determined using MCNPX general purpose Monte Carlo code (version 2-6-0). The results showed that 3 M, GC, and Tokuyama composites indicated more regular and homogeneous structure. Zn, Zr, Ba, Sr, and Yb heavy elements were added in certain proportions in order to increase the radiopacity of the restorative material in the studied samples. As FTIR results were interpreted, C-O, O-H, and Si-O bonds were observed in all of the composites. Moreover, Bisco was found to be the most successful in reducing radiation intensity among the others, while Tokuyama was the least effective material to attenuate photon intensity. The elements Zn and Yb in Bisco have increased radiopacity and radiation absorption capabilities. It can be concluded that outcomes of the present investigation would be useful for ionizing radiation application in medicine especially in diagnostic imaging and radiation treatment.

The nuclear spectroscopy method has long been used for advanced studies on nuclear physics. In order to decrease costs and increase the efficiency of nuclear radiation investigations, quick and efficient solutions are required. The purpose of this research was to calculate the whole energy peak efficiency values for a range of gamma-ray energies, from 30.973 keV to 1408 keV, at various source-detector distances using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code, which is extensively used in nuclear medicine, industry, and scientific research. As a result, the modeled detectors' full-energy peak efficiencies were calculated and compared to both experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. Experiment results and prior studies using Monte Carlo simulations were found to be very consistent with these results. The counting efficiency against source-detector distance is then calculated using the modeled detectors. The data we have show that LaBr

The direct effects of tungsten trioxide (WO3) on gamma radiation attenuation properties of tungsten/barium/phosphate glasses with chemical form xWO3–(50-x/2)BaO–(50-x/2)P2O3, x = 0 (S1)–60 (S7) in steps of 10 mol% has been investigated. To this end, Phy-X/PSD software and Monte Carlo code were applied. The increased amount of WO3 in the glass composition, on the other hand, contributed positively to the increase in density and radiation sensing properties. At the lowest and highest WO3 contributions, a nearly twofold increase in HVL value was seen for the S1 and S7 glass samples, respectively, with S7 having the lowest HVL values. The HVL has obeyed the trend as: (HVL)S1 > (HVL)S2 > (HVL)S3 > (HVL)S4 > (HVL)S5 > (HVL)S6 > (HVL)S7. The variation of the tenth value layer (TVL) for all studied glasses has the same trend of HVL. In terms of mean free path (MFP), there was negative effect of WO3 concentration on the trend of MFP. Consequently, S7 glass sample has the lowest values of MFP, while the S1 glass sample has the highest values. Therefore, (MFP)S1 > (MFP)S2 > (MFP)S3 > (MFP)S4 > (MFP)S5 > (MFP)S6 > (MFP)S7. A comparison of the HVL of S7 glass sample with some commercial radiation shielding materials such as different types of concrete and RS-253-G18 glasses has been performed and concluded that the S7 glass sample is superior as radiation shielding material than several commercial materials. It can be concluded that WO3 reinforcement serves a multipurpose of increasing the density and hence the gamma-ray-shielding characteristics of comparable glass compositions. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature. 2-s2.0-85129716802

In this study, glass samples of composition 20PbO-20CaO-20Sand-(40 − x)B2O3-xCeO2, where x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 in wt.% and sand = SiO2 (90.4%) + CaO (2.8%) + ZrO2 (2.3%) + Fe2O3 (2.1%), were fabricated via the ordinary melt quenching technique. The thermal and optical properties of the glasses were experimentally investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, which is measured as a function of temperature based on the difference in the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a sample and reference. All glasses were found to be thermally stable up to 550°C. The glass transition temperature (Tg) varied from 211°C to 219°C, crystallization temperature (Tc) varied from 303°C to 310°C, and melting point (Tm) was 577°C. The values of the indirect optical energy band gaps (EOptical, Indirect) reduced from 2.63 eV to 2.28 eV, while the direct gaps (EOptical, Direct) reduced from 5.07 eV to 4.17 eV. Urbach’s energy (EU) was changed from 0.42 eV to 0.46 eV. The dielectric constant behaved similarly to the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the proposed glasses. The refractive index data were analyzed to obtain important optical information and the corresponding derivative electrical parameters, namely, the oscillator energy, dispersion energy, dielectric constant at high frequency, the dielectric loss, and the energy-loss functions. There was a remarkable increase in the optical conductivity (σopt) with increasing CeO2 content, with peaks appearing in all samples doped by CeO2 and reaching a peak maxima of about 2.72–3.10 eV. Volume energy loss (VELF) and surface energy loss (SELF) functions were increased with increasing CeO2 content, with a characteristic peak at around 3.47 eV for all proposed samples. © 2022, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 2-s2.0-85124492830 WOS:000754140900005 Q3

High-density glasses of neodymio-cadmium lead borate of chemical composition xNd2O3/20CdO/20PbO/(57-x)B2O3/3Na2O, where (0 (0Nd) ≤ x ≤ 5 (5Nd) wt%) have been fabricated by a melt quenching process. Physical, structure properties as well as gamma-radiation and neutron shielding effectiveness in wide photon energy range 0.015–15 MeV have been examined. The amorphous nature of xNd-glasses was confirmed, where there was a lack of their crystallinity. Density was gradually increased from 5.006 g/cm3 for 0Nd-glass sample to 5.245 g/cm3 for 5Nd-glass sample. In terms of the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), introducing Nd3+ ions in the glass matrix has a direct constructive influence on the obtained values of MAC. Generally, the MAC trend follows the order (MAC)5Nd > (MAC)4Nd > (MAC)3Nd > (MAC)2Nd > (MAC)1Nd > (MAC)0Nd. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) has a similar trend as MAC for all xNd-glasses. In terms of the half-value layer (T1/2), the 5Nd-glasses possessed the minimum T1/2 values (0.004 cm at 15 keV to 4.301 cm at 15 MeV). Therefore, the T1/2 of the fabricated xNd-glasses has an inverse behavior of the MAC and LAC. Thus, (T1/2)0Nd > (T1/2)1Nd > (T1/2)2Nd > (T1/2)3Nd > (T1/2)4Nd > (T1/2)5Nd. The effective atomic number (Zeff) parameter follows the order (Zeff)5Nd > (Zeff)4Nd > (Zeff)3Nd > (Zeff)2Nd > (Zeff)1Nd > (Zeff)0Nd. In the energies preferred for radiation applications, 5Nd-glasses possess very low exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) buildup factor values. The fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRC) of the fabricated glasses is improved as the Nd3+ content increases in the glass matrix. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature. Taif University, TU Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/84), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Gadolinium (III)-containing (1, 3 and 5 wt.%) silicate-based bioactive glass powders were synthesized by sol–gel method and subsequently die pressed to fabricate disc-shape glass samples. Sintering was performed at 690 °C for 1 h in air atmosphere. Physical, structural, and mechanical properties (compressive strength and Vickers hardness) of the fabricated glass pellets were investigated. Results showed that prepared glass samples were amorphous after sintering and any detrimental effect of Gd2O3 was not observed on the densification. An increase in bulk density and in compressive strength was obtained as the gadolinium (III) concentration was increased. On the other hand, a significant influence of the rare-earth element on the Vickers hardness was not seen. For the sample containing gadolinium (III) at highest concentration, Vickers hardness was measured to be 3.25 ± 0.23 GPa. Our findings indicate that increasing the quantity of Gadolinium (III) significantly affects the gamma-ray attenuation qualities of bioactive glass samples. The addition of Gadolinium (III) improved the attenuation qualities of the bioactive glass samples across a broad energy range. As a result, it can be concluded that Gadolinium (III) and its monotonic effect may be used to modify the basic features of bioactive glass samples. In addition, it can be concluded that this monotonic effect may be employed to optimize the circumstances of use of associated bioactive materials based on their requirements in medical and engineering applications. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.

Rationale and objectives Radiology personnel must have good knowledge, experience and adherence to radiation protection and infection control practices to ensure patient safety and prevent the further spread of the COVID-19 virus. This study analysed compliance and adherence to radiation protection and infection control during COVID-19 mobile radiography. Methods A cross-sectional using online survey was conducted from September to December 2021. Data on demographic characteristics, adherence to radiation protection and infection control practice were collected during mobile radiography for COVID-19 patients in the study. A random sample of the radiographers working in COVID-19 centres in the United Arab Emirates. Results Responses were received from 140 participants, with a response rate of 87.5%. Females were the predominant participants (n = 81; 58%). Participants aged ages between 18–25 years (n = 46; 33%) and 26–35 years (n = 42; 30%), (n = 57; 41%) had less than five years of experience, followed by participants who had more than 15 years (n = 38; 27%). Most participants (n = 81; 57.9%) stated that they performed approximately 1–5 suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases daily. The participants had moderate to high adherence to radiation protection, with a mean and standard deviation of 42.3 ± 6.28. Additionally, infection control adherence was high, with 82% of the participants showing high adherence. Conclusion Continuous guidance, training and follow-up are recommended to increase adherence and compliance to radiation protection and infection control compliance. Educational institutions and professional organisations must collaborate to provide structured training programmes for radiology practitioners to overcome the practice and knowledge gap.

Through experimental and modeling techniques, this research sought to investigate the reflections of partial replacement of CaO–SiO2 with Tungsten(III) oxide and its effect on structural, optical, and physical properties. The melt quenching technique was used to produce several glass samples with a nominal composition of 5Na2O–10Al2O3–(42.5 − x)SiO2–(42.5 − x)CaO–xWO3 system (where x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 wt.&). The amorphous structure of calcium-silicon glasses was determined experimentally using the XRD technique. UV and density studies were also performed to determine optical and material properties. To determine the effect of this replacement on nuclear radiation shielding improvement, the linear attenuation coefficient was computed across a broad energy range of 0.015–15 MeV using narrow beam geometry and the simulated gamma-ray transmission technique. The radiation parameters were simulated using sophisticated Monte Carlo simulations using the FLUKA general-purpose radiation transport algorithm and compared using the NIST XCOm theoretical computation. To maximize the substitution's synergistic impact, the present investigation's findings were correlated with each other for the purpose of determining availability for nuclear shielding purposes. It was discovered that when the WO3 content rises from 0 to 20% wt— percent, both direct and indirect bandgaps reduce, resulting in increased transparency. In addition, the Urbach energy (Eu) yields a rise in proportion to the amount of doping elements in the samples. On the other hand, gamma-ray attenuation measurements revealed that shielding parameters are directly proportional to the WO3-wt percent concentration; furthermore, the addition of WO3 substantially enhances the shielding capacity of the investigated glasses against gamma radiation. It is observed that when additional WO3 is added, both the real and imaginary components of the dielectric constant increase. The most effective shield was determined to be the NSCW20 sample. As a result, a WO3-calcium-silicon glass containing 20% WO3 was selected as the optimum radiation filter. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature. 2-s2.0-85125278487

In this study, physical, chemical, structural and radiation attenuation properties of some granite samples collected from Kütahya-Simav and İzmir (Bergama and Karaburun) were investigated. The true particle density of the studied granite samples was in the range of 2.65 g cm−3 to 2.72 g cm−3 and the median particle diameter was between ∼12 μm and 41 μm. According to the structural examination results obtained from the study, the chemical compositions of the extracted granite samples varied by area. While SiO2 was the dominating component in certain locations, it was replaced by Fe2O3 in another. This condition also had a direct effect on the densities of the granite samples extracted. At the conclusion of the study, it was found that the predominant factor affecting the radiation shielding characteristics of granites was the quantity of Fe2O3 in the composition, with the greatest gamma-ray shielding qualities supplied by samples 4 and 5, which had the highest Fe2O3 ratio. Our results indicate that sample 5 and the previously studied Capao Bonita sample had comparable half value layer values at low, medium, and high gamma ray levels. It may be concluded that Izmir granites are a more attractive option to granite for usage as radiation shielding building materials, owing to their high Fe2O3 concentration, and may be a feasible alternative to less desirable concrete materials for shielding applications.

Electronic image cropping and poor collimation practices are used by some radiographers during paediatric radiography. Advantages of collimation should be investigated to disseminate convenient use among radiographers and create awareness. The aim of this study was to use Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the extent of the effect of collimation on the absorbed organ dose in neonates undergoing anterior–posterior chest examination. The minimum field size recommended by the European guidelines was calculated experimentally using a neonate phantom. A PCXMC version 2.0 simulation calculated the organ and effective doses at the minimum field size and at different field sizes. Increasing the field size by 1 cm in the head-to-feet direction increases the dose to the urinary bladder and prostate, whereas increasing the field size by 1 cm on all sides increases the dose to the upper limbs, ovaries, testicles and prostate. The use of an optimal field size reduces organ doses for neonates undergoing chest X-ray. Cropping X-ray images to reduce unnecessarily large field sizes results in unnecessary patient dosages and should be avoided. The primary beam should be restricted to expose only the area of interest, and image cropping should be discouraged.

In the present work the effect of tungsten oxide (WO