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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus affects the mental health of many. Isolation, fear of infection, and social distancing may affect psychological functioning. Research continues to evolve and reveal the psychological symptoms reported by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychosis have been reported in the literature for COVID-19 patients. Potential preliminary treatment recommendations include various forms of psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. More research should be done regarding other additional treatment recommendations that may facilitate psychological healing in COVID-19 patients.

Physicians performing impairment evaluations on patients with cognitive complaints and possible central nervous system disorders should perform a clinical mental status assessment. Assessing cognitive complaints efficiently, in a systematic and supportable way, can be challenging. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment specifies that objective criteria are important to consider when assessing impairment. Physicians may choose to use standardized cognitive screening tests (cognitive screeners) as a relatively quick, practical tool to initially assess patients and aid in decision making. Several cognitive screeners will be discussed in detail below. A patient's performance on such tests may indicate that more comprehensive testing is needed. Cognitive screeners have limitations and are not designed to assess symptom validity or the extent to which psychological factors may contribute to cognitive complaints. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment may be indicated in these situations and when the screeners demonstrate findings of potential concern help define MMI.

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have persistent symptoms beyond the normally expected illness resolution. This disease was not diagnosed before late 2019, and therefore, we have more limited experience in understanding all of its outcomes. Thus, clinical, functional, and permanent impairment assessment is challenging. Symptoms including fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive difficulties have been referred to as “post-acute COVID,” “long COVID,” or “long haulers.” Patients who present for assessment of causation, maximum medical improvement (MMI), and permanent impairment can be challenging. For some examinees, after 6 to 12 months without outgoing improvement and with appropriate investigation, treatment, and rehabilitation, the examinee can be considered at MMI. However, because this disorder is new and appropriate treatment may be unclear, the time to achieve MMI is less certain. Physicians may use approaches in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), to help define MMI. As science evolves, so will our understanding of how to evaluate chronic problems associated with COVID-19.

HaloSat is a CubeSat-class microsatellite sensitive in the 0.4 to 7.0 keV energy band and designed to survey the entire sky in search of soft x-ray emissions from highly ionized oxygen residing in the halo of the Milky Way galaxy. Those observations will help constrain the mass and spatial distribution of the Milky Way halo and help us understand if hot galactic halos constitute a significant contribution to the overall cosmological baryon budget. We describe the science instrument calibration products, including channel-to-energy transformation, instrument energy resolution and instrument response, and the on-ground efforts that led to their creation. We also describe the alignment process used to obtain the field of view information for the HaloSat science instrument.

The Milky Way galaxy is surrounded by a circumgalactic medium (CGM) that may play a key role in galaxy evolution as the source of gas for star formation and a repository of metals and energy produced by star formation and nuclear activity. The CGM may also be a repository for baryons seen in the early universe, but undetected locally. The CGM has an ionized component at temperatures near $2 \times 10^{6}$~K studied primarily in the soft X-ray band. Here we report a survey of the southern Galactic sky with a soft X-ray spectrometer optimized to study diffuse soft X-ray emission. The X-ray emission is best fit with a disc-like model based on the radial profile of the surface density of molecular hydrogen, a tracer of star formation, suggesting that the X-ray emission is predominantly from hot plasma produced via stellar feedback. Strong variations in the X-ray emission on angular scales of $\sim10^{\circ}$ indicate that the CGM is clumpy. Addition of an extended, and possibly massive, halo component is needed to match the halo density inferred from other observations., Comment: Published in Nature Astronomy, 18 pages

HaloSat is a small satellite (CubeSat) designed to map soft X-ray oxygen line emission across the sky in order to constrain the mass and spatial distribution of hot gas in the Milky Way. The goal of HaloSat is to help determine if hot gas gravitationally bound to individual galaxies makes a significant contribution to the cosmological baryon budget. HaloSat was deployed from the International Space Station in July 2018 and began routine science operations in October 2018. We describe the goals and design of the mission, the on-orbit performance of the science instrument, and initial observations., Comment: to appear in the Astrophysical Journal, 11 pages corrected arXiv author list

HaloSat is the first mission funded by NASA’s Astrophysics Division to use the CubeSat platform. Using three co-aligned silicon drift detectors, the HaloSat observatory measures soft (0.4 to 7 keV) x-ray emission from sources of diffuse emission such as the hot, gaseous halo of the Milky Way. We describe the design and construction of the science payload on HaloSat and the reasoning behind many of the choices. As a direct result of the design choices and adherence to best practices during construction, the HaloSat science payload continues to perform well after more than one year on-orbit.

Purpose To determine if a novel peer concussion education program (PCEP) increased concussion knowledge and intention-to-report in collegiate football players. Methods A sample of football players (N=666) from 10 NCAA colleges were assessed at three time points (baseline, post-test, 1-month follow-up) with adapted measures of the concussion knowledge checklist (adapted from Gioia & Collins [2006]; McLeod et al. [2007], score range=0–27) and intention-to-report questionnaire (adapted from Register-Mihalik et al. [2013], score range=6–42). Five teams (n=408) were randomly assigned to control; five (n=258) to the PCEP. The data were from a larger randomized multi-site trial of men’s and women’s sports (n=1,614). Results There was a significant effect of the PCEP on concussion knowledge across time, F(2, 1012)=17.3, p Conclusion There was a significant increase in concussion knowledge and intention-to-report concussion among football players who participated in the PCEP compared to controls which held at a 1-month follow-up.

Objective:To determine the reliability of ST-segment interpretation by paramedics from lead-II rhythm strips obtained in the prehospital setting.Design:Prospective, blinded study of 127 patients transported by an urban/rural emergency medical services system with complaints consistent with ischemic heart disease.Methods:Emergency department physicians asked emergency medical technician-paramedics (EMT-P) via radio to evaluate ST-segments for elevation or depression and grade it as “mild,” “moderate,” or “severe.” Then, this rhythm strip was interpreted blindly by emergency physicians who also interpreted the lead-II obtained from a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) obtained in the emergency department (ED). The field interpretation was compared with the subsequent readings and the final in-patient diagnosis using positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the Kappa statistic. Markedly discrepant interpretations were analyzed separately.Results:Using physician interpretation as the reference standard, paramedic interpretation of the lead-II ST-segments obtained in the prehospital setting was correct (within ±1 gradation) in 113 out of 127 total cases (89%). Of 105 patients for whom final hospital diagnosis was available, the ST-segment on the rhythm strip obtained in the prehospital setting, had a positive predictive value of 74% and a negative predictive value of 85% for myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI) (p Conclusion:Field interpretation of ST-segments by paramedics is fairly accurate as judged both by emergency physicians and correlation with final patient outcome, but its clinical utility is unproved. A small but clinically significant number of outliers, consisting of markedly discrepant false positives, reflects paramedic uncertainty in identifying the deviations of the ST-segment.

DNA encoding ricin B chain was derived from preproricin genomic DNA and ligated into the baculovirus transfer vector, pAcGP67A. Co-transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells with BaculoGold DNA was followed by limiting dilution purification of recombinant baculovirus. Infection of SF9 cells at a multiplicity of infection of 1 in the presence of 25 mM lactose produced 3 mg/l of soluble, glycosylated, 34 kDa protein immunoreactive with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to ricin B chain. The recombinant ricin B chain had similar lectin-binding activity to plant ricin B chain. The recombinant protein reassociated with ricin toxin A chain similarly to ricin toxin B chain and the recombinant heterodimers had similar cell cytotoxicity to ricin.

To determine the reliability of ST-segment interpretation by paramedics from lead-II rhythm strips obtained in the prehospital setting.Prospective, blinded study of 127 patients transported by an urban/rural emergency medical services system with complaints consistent with ischemic heart disease.Emergency department physicians asked emergency medical technician-paramedics (EMT-P) via radio to evaluate ST-segments for elevation or depression and grade it as "mild," "moderate," or "severe." Then, this rhythm strip was interpreted blindly by emergency physicians who also interpreted the lead-II obtained from a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) obtained in the emergency department (ED). The field interpretation was compared with the subsequent readings and the final in-patient diagnosis using positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the Kappa statistic. Markedly discrepant interpretations were analyzed separately.Using physician interpretation as the reference standard, paramedic interpretation of the lead-II ST-segments obtained in the prehospital setting was correct (within +/- 1 gradation) in 113 out of 127 total cases (89%). Of 105 patients for whom final hospital diagnosis was available, the ST-segment on the rhythm strip obtained in the prehospital setting, had a positive predictive value of 74% and a negative predictive value of 85% for myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI) (p0.001, Kappa = 0.59). Discordant interpretations between the paramedics and emergency physicians often were related to a basic misunderstanding of rhythm strip morphology.Field interpretation of ST-segments by paramedics is fairly accurate as judged both by emergency physicians and correlation with final patient outcome, but its clinical utility is unproved. A small but clinically significant number of outliers, consisting of markedly discrepant false positives, reflects paramedic uncertainty in identifying the deviations of the ST-segment.

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To the Editor: —On the invitation of the Department of State of the United States Government, the Fifteenth International Congress on Hygiene and Demography will convene for the first time on the American continent in Washington, D. C., Sept. 26 to Oct. 1, 1910. Section III of this congress deals with the subjects of the "Hygiene of Infancy and Childhood: School Hygiene." It is believed that this will be a meeting of the utmost importance. We take this means of requesting your readers to let us know [at 1 Madison av., New York City] of any pieces of original work which are being done, bearing on this topic.

In the modern scientific business life the technical business expert has a permanent place. The erection of a city structure involves the cooperation of engineering and architectural experts as never before. Electric and mining work involves groups of experts, each connected with some special phase of the subject. School boards have had new problems thrust on them, and the employment of business agents and building experts has become indispensable. It is my belief that the group of problems centering about the health of school children demands technical treatment as highly specialized as that required for other departments. A few statements of fact will bring out the necessity of the measure here advocated. On good eyesight depends to a large degree one's ability to conduct successfully the affairs of life. Notwithstanding the great damage or degeneration that the vision of American school children is constantly undergoing, there is hardly a school

T HE lower Indus Valley, West Pakistan, comprising the former Sind Province' and Khairpur State, is a predominantly agricultural area in which almost 90 per cent of the cultivated acreage is irrigated.2 Water is supplied from the Indus River through earthen canals used at the field level in a form of basin irrigation. The old irrigation systems, some of which are still in use, provide water directly from the river without any kind of dam. However, with two large dams completed, the Lloyd, or Sukkur, in 1932 and the Lower Sind in 1955, and with a third, the Gudu, planned for completion in 1962, all the major canal systems will eventually lead from one or another of these three dams. The changes that will result when the dam and canal projects are fully completed will be important to Pakistan. New land will be irrigated, and the water supply will become more dependable in the areas already under irrigation. An understanding of the existing patterns of irrigation, especially those similar to the ones now being extended, is needed to provide a background for interpretation of the changes that are and will be taking place. To this end, the study that follows deals with irrigation in the former Sind (Fig. 1), with special emphasis on present water use in an area irrigated from the Sukkur Barrage. The name Sind as used here includes Khairpur State as well as the former province. Sind is neither the most productive nor the most populous area of Pakistan. Yet it is an area of importance, in which the expansion of irrigation facilities offers a potential for meeting some of the country's needed increase in food and fiber production. Within West Pakistan, where 43 million people now live (1961), 75-80 per cent of them dependent on agriculture, 22 million of the 30 million acres cultivated annually are irrigated. In the Punjab plains to the north of Sind irrigation works were rapidly expanded between 1850 and 1930, and in 1951-1952 the Punjab contained 55 per cent of West Pakistan's irrigated land. In 1961 population density in the Punjab was 372 people