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Aim: The primary aim of this study is to analyse the stress distribution between an ALL ON FOUR implant supported prosthesis and the TREFOIL implant supported prosthesis with 3D finite element models. Settings and Design: An in vitro perspective Materials and Methods: Two mandibular three-dimensional Finite Element Models were constructed by the CREO version 5 software, in which Model A depicts a mandible with ALL ON FOUR implant supported prost hesis and Model B will depict TREFOIL implant supported prosthesis. Model A contains four implants, two anterior straight and posterior tilted implants (30°), a bar and denture containing acrylic teeth. In Model B, it contains three straight implants and a prefabricated compensatory bar with standardised dimensions. To evaluate and compare the stress distribution between the bone and implant interface, one deleterious cantilever load of upto 300 N is applied on the second molar bilaterally and simultaneously. Another full bite biting load of 150 N is given bilaterally and simultaneously on the central groove of premolars and molars. Statistical Analysis Used: The results of the simulations obtained were analysed in terms of Von Mises equivalent stress levels at the bone -implant interface. Results: The results of loading 1 showed that the maximum Von Mises stress was recorded in the anterior implant region of the Trefoil system (Model B) when compared to All on four concept. The results of loading 2 showed that the maximum Von Mises stress were recorded in the anterior implant region Trefoil system (Model B) when compared to All on four concept. Conclusion: This invitro study concludes that All on Four implant supported prosthesis showed better stress distribution when compared to the Trefoil concept.

The commonly used prosthodontic materials are resins, ceramics, metals and silicones. A comprehensive review of literature was completed about the incorporation of nanomaterials in prosthetic dentistry using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. This was supplemented with a manual search of selected journals. English language articles in peer- reviewed journals were selected. Current literature reveals that incorporation of nanomaterials has significantly improved the properties of the prosthetic materials within the clinically acceptable ranges. There appears to be a need for a standardization for these in vitro studies carried out to evaluate their physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties

Objectives: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the bond strength of: (a) Zirconia blocks (tribochemical treatment and zirconia primer) and resin blocks bonded using self-adhesive resin cement (phosphate monomer cement). (b) Zirconia blocks and resin blocks bonded using nonphosphate monomer cement. (c) Micro-tensile bond strength of zirconia and resin blocks, bonded with self-adhesive resin cement and nonphosphate monomer cement after thermocycling. Materials and Methods: Twenty zirconium-dioxide specimens (5 mm × 5.4 mm × 13 mm) were produced using a metal mold. Each zirconium block was duplicated in light-curing resin material specimen (5 mm × 5.4 mm × 13 mm) using a mold made of addition silicon impression material. A total of 40 specimens were made, of which 20 specimens were zirconia blocks and 20 were resin blocks, which would be bonded to each other using phosphate monomer-containing cement (Multilink [10 nos.]) and nonphosphate monomer-containing cement (RELY-X [10 nos.]). The specimens were then divided into two groups of n = 10 each. The surface of zirconium specimen of one group (Group 1) was treated with zirconia primer and bonded with phosphate monomer-containing cement, and the other groups (Group 2) were not treated with any surface conditioning and were bonded with a nonphosphate containing cement. The specimens in each group were further subdivided into two subgroups of n = 5 each as follows: Group 1-1A (subjected to thermocycling), 1B (nonthermocycled) and Group 2-2A (subjected to thermocycling), 2B (nonthermocycled). Then, they were subjected for testing of tensile bond strength under a universal testing machine. Results: Resin cement selection seems to be a more relevant factor in the bonding of zirconia. The phosphate monomer-containing cement has the better bond strength after thermocycling compared to the nonphosphate monomer group. Thermocycling reduced the bond strength of both the groups and a significant difference was seen in the bond strength of nonphosphate monomer cement group subjected to thermocycling compared to the nonthermocycled one. Tensile bond strength values were significantly affected by the luting agent system employed and by thermal aging. Hence, for long-term durability, luting of zirconia with a phosphate monomer-containing cement after the zirconia has been surface treated is preferable as their bond strength did not show much significant difference after being subjected to thermocycling, compared to the nonthermocycled group. Conclusion: Resin cement selection seem to be a more relevent factor in the bonding of zirconia thermocycling does affect adhesion to to zirconium oxide ceramics.

Palatal defect can be repaired by reconstructive surgery and/or a dental prosthesis. We present prosthodontic rehabilitation of two partially edentulous patients, both with surgically induced palatal defect and explains how to achieve the goal for esthetics and phonetics. This also describes the fabrication of a hollow obturator by two piece method, which is simple and may be used as definitive obturator for maximum comfort of the patient. In both the above cases, since the mouth opening is restricted due to surgery, obturator prosthesis is given as two pieces retained with opposite poles of magnet, which facilitates the removal and insertion of the prosthesis.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of hemimandibulectomy patient, with an overlay denture, restores missing skeletal, dental structures, muscle imbalance, maxillomandibular relationship and occlusion. Conventional management with an acrylic ramp or guide plane guides only the non-resected side of the mandible to occlusion. This case report describes rehabilitation of a 13-year-old hemimandibulectomy patient with tooth supported transitional overlay denture.

Aim: This study aims at evaluating stresses generated in a fixed tooth to implant connected fixed partial denture (FPD) by finite element method by varying implant design and position, in unilateral distal extension cases, i.e. for replacing mandibular 1 st and 2 nd molars. Materials and Methods: Four models were created, Model 1-A finite element model (FEA) model of a crestal implant-tooth connected metal ceramic FPD with pontic in 36 region. The 35 region simulated the second premolar. Model 2-A FEA model of a basal implant-tooth connected metal ceramic FPD. Model 3-A FEA model of a crestal implant in 36 region connected to tooth 35 and cantilevered posteriorly with pontic in 37 region, made of metal ceramic. Model 4-A FEA model of a basal implant in 36 region connected to tooth 35 and cantilevered posteriorly with pontic in 37 region, made of metal ceramic. A vertical force of 100N directed evenly on the nodes on the occlusal surface of each of the three crowns. The models displayed stress both numerically and by color coding. Results: On comparing models 1 and 2, the model 1 showed comparatively more stresses in crestal bone area of the implant. On comparing models 3 and 4, model 3 showed lesser von misses stress values. Conclusion: In case of tooth implant connected FPDs without any cantilevers, basal implants show better stress distribution when compared to crestal implants. In case of cantilever designs, crestal implant design showed lower stress values, but the difference in stresses were less.

An eco-friendly and simple approach was carried out for the synthesis of silver-chitosan nanocomposites using Azadirachta indica and fluconazole-mediated aqueous extract. This extract acted as a reducing agent as well as a capping agent for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Chitosan nanoparticles on the other hand were synthesized from the deacetylation of the chitin matrix. To confirm the nanoparticle synthesis, a UV- A visible spectrophotometer was used and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups in the prepared extract. The morphological characteristics of silver and chitosan nanoparticles and as nano-composites were studied and confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The synthesized silver-chitosan nanocomposites were subjected to well-loaded agar plates for the evaluation of antibacterial properties against the Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans for their antifungal properties. The synthesized silver and chitosan nanoparticles showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against common oral micro flora such as Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans which were measured using the zone of inhibition method. This approach is a one-step, economical and eco-friendly, biocompatible, and effective alternative for nanoparticle synthesis for various prosthetic applications., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Aim: The primary aim of this study is to analyse the stress distribution between an ALL ON FOUR implant supported prosthesis and the TREFOIL implant supported prosthesis with 3D finite element models., Settings and Design: An in vitro perspective., Materials and Methods: Two mandibular three-dimensional Finite Element Models were constructed by the CREO version 5 software, in which Model A depicts a mandible with ALL ON FOUR implant supported prost hesis and Model B will depict TREFOIL implant supported prosthesis. Model A contains four implants, two anterior straight and posterior tilted implants (30°), a bar and denture containing acrylic teeth. In Model B, it contains three straight implants and a prefabricated compensatory bar with standardised dimensions. To evaluate and compare the stress distribution between the bone and implant interface, one deleterious cantilever load of upto 300 N is applied on the second molar bilaterally and simultaneously. Another full bite biting load of 150 N is given bilaterally and simultaneously on the central groove of premolars and molars., Statistical Analysis Used: The results of the simulations obtained were analysed in terms of Von Mises equivalent stress levels at the bone -implant interface., Results: The results of loading 1 showed that the maximum Von Mises stress was recorded in the anterior implant region of the Trefoil system (Model B) when compared to All on four concept. The results of loading 2 showed that the maximum Von Mises stress were recorded in the anterior implant region Trefoil system (Model B) when compared to All on four concept., Conclusion: This invitro study concludes that All on Four implant supported prosthesis showed better stress distribution when compared to the Trefoil concept., Competing Interests: None

The commonly used prosthodontic materials are resins, ceramics, metals and silicones. A comprehensive review of literature was completed about the incorporation of nanomaterials in prosthetic dentistry using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. This was supplemented with a manual search of selected journals. English language articles in peer- reviewed journals were selected. Current literature reveals that incorporation of nanomaterials has significantly improved the properties of the prosthetic materials within the clinically acceptable ranges. There appears to be a need for a standardization for these in vitro studies carried out to evaluate their physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Objectives: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the bond strength of: (a) Zirconia blocks (tribochemical treatment and zirconia primer) and resin blocks bonded using self-adhesive resin cement (phosphate monomer cement). (b) Zirconia blocks and resin blocks bonded using nonphosphate monomer cement. (c) Micro-tensile bond strength of zirconia and resin blocks, bonded with self-adhesive resin cement and nonphosphate monomer cement after thermocycling., Materials and Methods: Twenty zirconium-dioxide specimens (5 mm × 5.4 mm × 13 mm) were produced using a metal mold. Each zirconium block was duplicated in light-curing resin material specimen (5 mm × 5.4 mm × 13 mm) using a mold made of addition silicon impression material. A total of 40 specimens were made, of which 20 specimens were zirconia blocks and 20 were resin blocks, which would be bonded to each other using phosphate monomer-containing cement (Multilink [10 nos.]) and nonphosphate monomer-containing cement (RELY-X [10 nos.]). The specimens were then divided into two groups of n = 10 each. The surface of zirconium specimen of one group (Group 1) was treated with zirconia primer and bonded with phosphate monomer-containing cement, and the other groups (Group 2) were not treated with any surface conditioning and were bonded with a nonphosphate containing cement. The specimens in each group were further subdivided into two subgroups of n = 5 each as follows: Group 1-1A (subjected to thermocycling), 1B (nonthermocycled) and Group 2-2A (subjected to thermocycling), 2B (nonthermocycled). Then, they were subjected for testing of tensile bond strength under a universal testing machine., Results: Resin cement selection seems to be a more relevant factor in the bonding of zirconia. The phosphate monomer-containing cement has the better bond strength after thermocycling compared to the nonphosphate monomer group. Thermocycling reduced the bond strength of both the groups and a significant difference was seen in the bond strength of nonphosphate monomer cement group subjected to thermocycling compared to the nonthermocycled one. Tensile bond strength values were significantly affected by the luting agent system employed and by thermal aging. Hence, for long-term durability, luting of zirconia with a phosphate monomer-containing cement after the zirconia has been surface treated is preferable as their bond strength did not show much significant difference after being subjected to thermocycling, compared to the nonthermocycled group., Conclusion: Resin cement selection seem to be a more relevent factor in the bonding of zirconia thermocycling does affect adhesion to to zirconium oxide ceramics., Competing Interests: None

Aim: This study aims at evaluating stresses generated in a fixed tooth to implant connected fixed partial denture (FPD) by finite element method by varying implant design and position, in unilateral distal extension cases, i.e. for replacing mandibular 1 st and 2 nd molars., Materials and Methods: Four models were created, Model 1-A finite element model (FEA) model of a crestal implant-tooth connected metal ceramic FPD with pontic in 36 region. The 35 region simulated the second premolar. Model 2-A FEA model of a basal implant-tooth connected metal ceramic FPD. Model 3-A FEA model of a crestal implant in 36 region connected to tooth 35 and cantilevered posteriorly with pontic in 37 region, made of metal ceramic. Model 4-A FEA model of a basal implant in 36 region connected to tooth 35 and cantilevered posteriorly with pontic in 37 region, made of metal ceramic. A vertical force of 100N directed evenly on the nodes on the occlusal surface of each of the three crowns. The models displayed stress both numerically and by color coding., Results: On comparing models 1 and 2, the model 1 showed comparatively more stresses in crestal bone area of the implant. On comparing models 3 and 4, model 3 showed lesser von misses stress values., Conclusion: In case of tooth implant connected FPDs without any cantilevers, basal implants show better stress distribution when compared to crestal implants. In case of cantilever designs, crestal implant design showed lower stress values, but the difference in stresses were less.