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Boru içi denetleme teknolojisi doğal gaz dağıtım hatlarında robotik sistemler ile gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Robotik sistemlerin tasarlanmasındaki en büyük zorluklar, patlayıcı ortamdan korunma standartlarına (ATEX) uyum ve kritik operasyon sürelerine göre enerji depolama sistemlerinin boyutlandırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, robotik sistemler için enerji depolama sisteminin boyutlandırma adımları paylaşılmış, literatürdeki mevcut tasarım yöntemlerinden farklı olarak, tasarım ve üretim aşamalarını kolaylaştıracak iki ayrı maliyet etkin çözüm sunulmuştur. Önerilen tasarım yaklaşımları ATEX Bölge-1 tanımlı modüllere ihtiyaç duymamakta, özellikle küçük çaplı doğal gaz boru hatlarına yönelik tasarım çalışmalarını kolaylaştıracağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Introduction: Asthma is a common chronic lung disease that affects people all over the world. Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are possible complications that may develop in the advanced stages of asthma. However, the number of studies investigating asthma and its implications on new RV parameters are very rare. This study aims to evaluate the RV functions in patients with moderate asthma before the development of pulmonary hypertension. Patients and Methods: Forty-one patients with moderate asthma and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled in this case-control study. All participants underwent a detailed two-dimensional echocardiographic examination. RV functions were measured through RV isovolumic acceleration (IVA) index in addition to conventional parameters. RV IVA, a tissue doppler derived parameter, was calculated as the ratio between maximum isovolumic myocardial velocity during isovolumic contraction and the time interval from the onset of this wave to the time at its maximum velocity. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and echocardiographic parameters measuring left ventricular functions (p> 0.05). In asthmatic patients, RV isovolumic relaxation time and RV myocardial performance index were higher (p= 0.027 and p Conclusion: Asthma is an important disease that may result in subclinical RV dysfunction even before the development of pulmonary hypertension. RV IVA, an easily obtained and load-independent parameter, may be a useful and reliable index that sensitively analyzes subtle deteriorations in the contractile function of RV in asthmatic patients. RV IVA may also correlate with asthma duration.

Endüstriyel robotları kullanmak, işgücü krizini ele almak ve endüstriyel teknolojileri ilerletmek için etkili bir yöntemdir. Sonuç olarak, endüstriyel robotlar giderek daha popüler hale geliyor. Ayrıca endüstriyel robotların yaygınlaşması robot tahrik mekanizmalarına olan ilgiyi artıracaktır. Bacaklı robotlar, potansiyel avantajları nedeniyle öncelikle araştırılmalıdır. Bacak mekanizmaları arasında, Jansen'in bağlantısı (JL), organik yürüme hareketi, ölçeklenebilir tasarımı ve döner girdi ile basit sürüşü nedeniyle popülerlik kazanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, JL'nin oldukça doğrusal olmayan doğası, analizini zorlaştırmaktadır. Araştırma, ayak yörüngesini görselleştiren ve kullanıcı tarafından sağlanan bağlantı uzunluklarını kullanarak JL'nin kinematik analizini gerçekleştirerek adım yüksekliğini aynı anda hesaplayan kullanıcı dostu bir araç kutusu tasarımı sağlar. Bu sayede çalışma, bacaklı robotların tasarım aşamasına önemli ölçüde katkı sağlamakta ve gereken süreyi azaltmaktadır., Utilizing industrial robots is an efficient method for addressing the labor crisis and advancing industrial technologies. As a result, industrial robots are becoming increasingly popular. Additionally, the widespread use of industrial robots will increase the interest in robot propulsion mechanisms. Legged robots should be primarily investigated because of their potential advantages. Among leg mechanisms, Jansen's linkage (JL) has gained popularity due to its organic walking motion, scalable design, and simple drive by rotary input. However, the highly nonlinear nature of JL makes its analysis challenging. The research provides a user-friendly toolbox design that visualizes the toe trajectory and simultaneously calculates the step height by performing a kinematic analysis of the JL using the user-supplied link lengths. In this way, the study contributes significantly to the design phase of legged robots and reduces the amount of time required.

Otonom araçların (OA'lar) en temel özelliği otonom olmalarıdır. Ancak aracın dinamik çalışma ortamı nedeniyle kontrol algoritmaları kesin olmayan, yaklaşık ve güvenilmez kararlar verebilir. Bu nedenle, özellikle tutarlı engellerden kaçınma algoritmaları olmak üzere daha sağlam sürüş algoritmalarının oluşturulmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Bazen, engellerden kaçınmak için aracın tamamen durması gerekir. Bu durumda aracın motor freni kontrolü devreye alınabilir. Bu çalışmada, reostatik frenleme olarak bilinen elektrikli fren sistemi ile otonom kara taşıtlarını etkin bir şekilde frenlemek için bulanık bir model önerilmiştir. Reostatik fren sistemi (RFS) kullanıldığı için, tasarlanan bu modelleme için bulanık denetleyicinin giriş değerleri araç hızı ve zemin kayganlığı, çıkış değeri ise reostat direnç değeridir. Geliştirilen bulanık denetleyicide Mamdani çıkarımı ve Toplama yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu iki yönteme ek olarak, bulanık denetleyici ayrıca kullanıcıya ağırlık merkezi, açıortay, maksimumun ortalaması, maksimumun en küçüğü ve maksimumun en büyüğü keskinleştirme yöntemlerinin çıktısını verir. Son olarak, Python programlama dilini ve Tkinter kitaplığını kullanarak, grafik kullanıcı arayüzü, kullanıcının girdilerinin dilsel ifadesini ve üyelik derecesini, nihai bulanık çıktı grafiğini ve tüm durulaştırma yöntemlerinden (GUI) kesin çıktıları görüntüler., The most fundamental characteristic of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is their autonomy. However, due to the dynamic operating environment of the vehicle, their control algorithms may make imprecise, approximate, and unreliable decisions. Therefore, there is a need for the creation of more robust driving algorithms, notably consistent obstacle avoidance algorithms. Occasionally, the vehicle must come to a complete stop in order to avoid obstacles. In this situation, the engine brake control of the car can be engaged. In this study, a fuzzy model was proposed to effectively brake autonomous land vehicles, with an electrical braking system known as rheostatic braking. Since a rheostatic braking system (RBS) is employed, the input values of the fuzzy controller for this designed modeling are vehicle speed and ground slipperiness, and the output value is the rheostat resistance value. In the developed fuzzy controller, Mamdani inference and Aggregation methods were utilized. In addition to these two methods, the fuzzy controller also provides the output of the centroid, bisector, average of the maximum, smallest of the maximum and largest of the maximum sharpening methods to the user. Finally, using the Python programming language and the Tkinter library, the graphical user interface displays the linguistic expression and membership degree of the user's inputs, the final fuzzy output graph, and the exact outputs from all clarification methods (GUI).

The transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve implantation has not yet been clarified, and several case series have documented results in patients with tricuspid bioprosthetic valve degeneration who underwent transcatheter implantation of Edwards SAPIEN XT and SAPIEN 3 (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) and Medtronic (Minneapolis, MN) valves. Here, we present the case of a patient with severe bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis who was successfully treated with the transfemoral route through the 29-mm novel balloon expandable Myval transcatheter heart valve (Meril Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Vapi, Gujarat, India) system.

Cancer is a disease arising from DNA alterations that dysregulate gene structure and function. These deregulated genes can also play a role in tumor invasion and metastasis or resistance to treatment. In this study, we determined the gene expression during transcription of PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), MAGE-A3 (Melanoma-associated antigen 3), CALR (Calreticulin), KRT19 (Cytokeratin 19), and TMPRSS4 (Transmembrane protease, serine 4) in HCT116 colon cancer cell line and PC3 prostate cancer cell line. After RNA isolation and cDNA conversion, DNA amplification was performed with Real-Time PCR. We determined the altered transcriptional expression level of those genes. In HCT116 colon cancer cell line, expression of the TMPRSS4 gene, MAGEA3 gene and KRT19 gene was found as increased and expression of the CALR gene and the PTGS2 gene was found as decreased. Especially a 93.70-fold increase in expression of the KRT19 gene was found in HCT116 colon cancer cell line. In PC3 prostate cancer cell lines, TMPRS4 gene expression and MAGEA3 gene expression were found as increased. But there was 50 fold decrease in PTGS2 gene expression.

In patients unsuitable for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF-TAVI) due to peripheral artery disease, another route such as trans-subclavian-axillary or transcarotid is a becoming alternative. The novel Myval transcatheter heart valve system technology is a second-generation balloon-expandable valve described by design innovations that promote accurate positioning of the valve and warrant accurate orthotopic valve deployment. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of successful transcarotid TAVI via the novel balloon-expandable Myval THV system under the local anesthesia for heavily calcific and stenotic abdominal aorta and subclavian arteries.

In recent years, the use of bioprosthetic valve (BPV) has increased significantly with both surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) due to reasons such as the advantage of not using anticoagulants. Nevertheless, major disadvantage of all BPV is the risk of early structural valve deterioration, leading to valve dysfunction, and requires reoperation, which significantly increases the risk of mortality or major morbidity especially after SAVR. There are a limited number of TAV-in-TAV case reports due to TAVI BPV degeneration. In our knowledge, this is the second report of TAV-in-TAV implantation wherein a previously implanted transfemoral 25-mm nonmetallic Direct Flow SVD valve treated with ViV TAVI via Edwards Sapien XT.

The percutaneous epicardial approach has become an adjunctive tool for electrophysiologists to treat disparate cardiac arrhythmias, including accessory pathways, atrial tachycardia, and particularly ventricular tachycardia. This novel technique prompted a strong impulse to perform epicardial access as an alternative strategy for pacing and defibrillation, left atrial appendage exclusion, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and genetically engineered tissue delivery. However, because of the incremental risk of major complications compared with stand-alone endocardial ablation, it is still practiced in a limited number of highly experienced centers across the world.

Background/aim From a pathophysiological point of view, inflammation is thought to be more dominant in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) stenosis than tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis. Our study aimed to determine the association between monocyte to high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR), a new inflammatory marker, and the speed of progression of stenosis and pathophysiology of BAV stenosis. Materials and methods A total of 210 severe aortic stenosis patients (70 consecutive BAV patients, 140 matched TAV patients) were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Clinical and echocardiographic data and laboratory results related to our research were collected retrospectively from the patients’ records. MHR was measured as the ratio of the absolute monocyte count to the HDL-C value. Results Seventy BAV (mean age: 72.0 ± 9.1 years, 42.9% female) and 140 TAV patients (mean age: 77.9 ± 8.3 years, 51.4% female) with severe aortic stenosis were enrolled in this study. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of another baseline demographic or clinic findings except age (P < 0.001). Monocyte count, hemoglobin level, mean platelet volume was significantly higher, and HDL-C level was significantly lower in the BAV group, while other lipid and CBC parameters were found to be similar. In the multivariate analysis, MHR (P = 0.005, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98) and, as expected, age (P = 0.001, 95% CI: 1.02–1.11) were found to be significant as the independent predictor of BAV, after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusion Our study showed a significant correlation between increased MHR and BAV. MHR was determined as a significant independent predictor for the speed of progression and diagnosis of severe BAV stenosis in multivariate analysis.

Background/aim High levels of triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) values increase atherosclerosis risk. This study evaluates the relationship between peripheral artery disease (PAD) severity and complexity, as assessed by TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus-II (TASC-II) classification and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. Materials and methods A total of 71 consecutive patients with PAD (males 93%, mean age 63.3 ± 9.7), who underwent percutaneous peripheral intervention were included retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the angiographically detected lesions. Those with TASC A-B lesions were included in Group 1, and those with TASC C-D lesions were included in Group 2. TyG index was calculated as formula: ln[fasting TG (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Results There were 40 patients in Group 1 (90.3% men, with a mean age of 63.6 ± 9.3 years) and 31 patients in Group 2 (96.8% men, with a mean age of 62.0 ± 8.6 years). In the majority of patients in both groups, the target vessels are iliac arteries and femoral arteries. In Group 2, platelet count and TyG index were significantly high, according to Group 1. The TyG index was significantly correlated with TASC-II, Rutherford category, HbA1c, and HDL-C. Conclusion In this present study, we showed that the TyG index was an independent predictor of peripheral artery disease complexity, according to TASC-II classification, for the first time in the literature.

BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of a new method in identifying peri-device leak (PDL) using morphology of the thrombus formed inside the left atrial appendage (LAA) as seen on follow-up transesophageal echo (TEE). METHOD A total of 291 consecutive patients undergoing Watchman procedure were included in this analysis. TEE was performed at 45 days postprocedure. Based on the presence of the thrombus inside the LAA behind the device, patients were grouped as (1) white (W) group: LAA completely filled with thrombus (n = 101), 2) nonwhite (NW) group: LAA completely black or mixed (part black and part white; n = 190). Follow-up TEE was repeated at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups except the device size, number of patients with chicken-wing morphology, and prevalence of left atrial "smoke" that were significantly higher in the NW group. Detection of black appearance was comparable between the pre-coil closure image and the NW population (26/36 [72.2%] vs 99/154 [64.3%], p = .37). After adjusting for clinically relevant covariates, NW appearance of the LAA was associated with the presence of significant leak (odds ratio: 47.96, 95% confidence interval: 2.91-790.2, p

Double-orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is an uncommon congenital anomaly account for 1% of congenital heart disease. However, accurate diagnosis and evaluation of valve stenosis or regurgitation and other concomitant congenital anomalies due to DOMV are required to obtain suitable treatment. Two- and three-dimensional echocardiography can contribute valuable functional and anatomic information that can support to reach this goal. Here, we present a case of complete bridge-type DOMV that causes mitral stenosis after surgical repair of the partial atrioventricular septal defect in childhood.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Cerebrovascular diseases are the second most common cause of death worldwide. Moderate and severe carotid artery stenosis causes nearly 10% of all strokes. LV geometry is a familiar prognostic and diagnostic factor in several populations; yet, data on its role in carotid artery stenosis are unknown. In our study, we investigated the prognostic value of LV geometry in predicting carotid artery stenosis severity in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting. METHODS Patients who underwent carotid artery stenting between January 2012 and January 2016 at our tertiary care center were evaluated retrospectively. Two hundred fifty-five patients who underwent carotid artery stenting were included in the study. Accessible echocardiographic documentation of ninety-eight patients was accessed and evaluated. RESULTS LV normal geometry was detected in 37 (37.7%) of the 98 carotid artery stenting (CAS) patients, concentric hypertrophy in 13 (13.2%), eccentric hypertrophy in 9 (9.1%), and concentric remodeling in 39 (39.7%). By a majority, distal filter was used in normal geometry and eccentric hypertrophy groups (82.9% vs 100%, P: .017). Considering the relationship between carotid artery stenosis severity and LV geometry, we determined that the stenosis severity was statistically significantly higher in the concentric hypertrophy group (p:0.012). However, although no complications were detected in the concentric hypertrophy group, it did not reach statistical significance between the groups (P: .058). LVMi and as expected, Doppler velocity showed a significant correlation with stenosis severity (r = .23 vs .54; P: .021

Objective: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement. Our study aimed to evaluate the implementation of TAVI at our large-volume center, having an all-comer patient population with short and long-term follow-ups. Methods: This retrospective, single-center analysis included 556 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) who underwent TAVI between July 2011 and December 2019. Results: The mean age of the entire population was 77.6+-7.9 years, and 54.9% were women. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) mean score of the cohort was 6.0%+-3.5%. The balloon-expandable valve (Sapien XT, Sapien 3; Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) was the most frequently used valves in this cohort (94.6%). Transfemoral access was used in 96.3% of patients. Implantation success was achieved in 96.6% of cases. During the TAVI procedure, 7.2% of patients required permanent pacemaker implantation, with 37.5% in the Lotus valve group needing the most permanent pacemakers. The mean length of hospital stay for the entire cohort was 4.5+-2.3 days. Overall, 22 (3.9%) in-hospital deaths occurred before hospital discharge. The mean follow-up period was 15.1+-14.9 months for all patients, and a significant improvement was noted in all echocardiographic parameters and functional capacity. Paravalvular leak (PVL) was documented in 18.9% patients, mild in 17.9%, and moderate in 1% at discharge. No cases with severe PVL, necessitating additional procedures. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, STS score, baseline SYNTAX score, bicuspid valve morphology, common femoral artery diameter, and post-TAVI PVL were independent predictors of overall mortality. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study, which is the largest single-center real-world experience of TAVI in Turkey, demonstrated low complication rates with favorable short- and mid-term THV performance in patients undergoing TAVI. (Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 23: 288-96)

In the past decade, the use of interventional electrophysiological (EP) procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias has exponentially increased. These procedures usually require fluoroscopy to guide the advancement and frequent repositioning of intracardiac catheters, resulting in both the patient and the operator being subjected to a considerable degree of radiation exposure. Although shielding options such as lead gowns, glasses, and pull-down shields are useful for protecting the operator, they do not lessen the patient’s level of exposure. Furthermore, the prolonged use of lead gowns can exponentiate the onset of orthopedic problems among operators. Recent advancements in three-dimensional cardiac mapping systems and the use of radiation-free imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging and intracardiac ultrasound allow operators to perform EP procedures with minimal or even no fluoroscopy. In this review, we sought to describe the state of fluoroless procedures in EP practice.

Background Fragmented QRS (fQRS) on 12-lead electrocardiography is a noninvasive marker of intramyocardial conduction delay due to ventricular scarring that has not previously been studied in atrial fibrillation. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the association of fQRS with left atrial (LA) scarring in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) undergoing first catheter ablation. Methods A total of 376 patients with PsAF were enrolled. Severity of LA scarring was assessed using electroanatomic mapping. Narrow fQRS was defined by the presence of an additional R wave (R′) or notching in the nadir of the S wave, or the presence of >1 R′ in 2 contiguous leads corresponding to inferior, lateral, or anterior myocardial regions. Results Both any degree (97.3% vs 63.3%) and severe (42.2% vs 6.3%) LA scarring were higher in patients with fQRS. Age and fQRS were found to be independent predictors of severe LA scarring. At multiple ventricular regions, fQRS had diagnostic accuracy of 79.8% for prediction of severe LA scarring. Nonpulmonary vein triggers were more often detected and ablated in patients with fQRS and severe LA scarring (84.4% vs 70%; P = .001). Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was observed in 131 patients (34.8%) during 18.9 ± 7.7 months of follow-up, which was significantly higher in patients with fQRS (53.2% vs 16.8%). In multivariate analysis, fQRS was found to be a significant predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio 4.65; 95% interval confidence 2.91–7.42; P Conclusion The study results showed that fQRS is a simple, available, and noninvasive marker, and that fQRS at multiple ventricular regions is significantly associated with the severity of LA scarring in PsAF patients.

This study aimed to assess the presence of various ratios of black and white hulled grains in barley grain lots and mixture impacts on marketing prices. The study was carried out in the Sanl?urfa commodity market in the autumn of 2005 in Sanl?urfa and Diyarbakir in 2015 and Sanliurfa, Ad?yaman and Gaziantep local commodity markets in 2017. The seven barley grain samples were prepared (100% White [W], 10% Black [B]+90% White [W], 20%B+80%W, 30%B+70%W, 40%B+60%W, 50%B+50%W and 100% Black) and presented to four randomly selected grain purchasers in all commodity markets and marketing price offers were scored. Increasing ratios of black-hulled barley (BHB) reduced marketing price gradually in 2005. In 2015, marketing prices were 0.337 US$ kg-1 for white and 0.365 US$ kg-1 for black in Sanliurfa and 0.334 US$ kg-1 for white and 0.352 US$ kg-1 for black barley in Diyarbakir. In 2017, except for Ad?yaman, marketing price offers were in favour of BHB and it received 0.37 US$ kg-1 and 0.321 US$ kg-1 marketing price offers in Gaziantep and Diyarbak?r, respectively. In 2017, WHB marketing prices were 0.325 US$ kg-1 and 0.315 US$ kg-1 in Gaziantep and Diyarbak?r locations, respectively. It was concluded that, except for Ad?yaman, barley marketing prices traditionally in favour of white hulled barley turned out to be in favour of black type in a decade in south eastern Anatolia.