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Purpose: Pregnancy is a time in which the biomechanics of the body changes due to intense physiological and physical changes, especially in the third trimester, when an increase in falls and a decrease in physical activity may occur. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the suitability of footwear used by pregnant women, fear of falling, and physical activity in third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: One hundred twenty-three pregnant women aged between 18-40 years with a gestational age of 28 weeks and above were included the study. The Footwear Assessment Score was used to assess the suitability of the footwear. The fear of falling of the participants was measured using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International, and the physical activity level was measured using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: A low negative correlation (r=-0.215;p

Giriş: Çocukluk döneminde yaşanan şiddet kişilerin erişkin yaşamında duygusal, davranışsal ve ruhsal sorunlara sebep olabilmektedir ve ileride kuracakları ailelerinin temel işlevlerini etkileyebilmektedir. Bizler de birinci basamakta, evli bireylerin çocukluk döneminde yaşadıkları şiddeti sorgulayarak ruhsal hastalık risklerine ve aile işlevselliklerine etkisini araştırmayı planlamaktayız. Yöntem: Bu araştırma 1 Nisan-30 Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında Adana İli Seyhan İlçesi’ne bağlı Gürselpaşa Aile Sağlık Merkezi birimlerine kayıtlı 153 evli birey üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik verileri kaydedildikten sonra Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmaları mevcut olan Şiddet Yaşantıları Ölçeği (ŞYÖ), Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği (HAD) ve Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği (ADÖ) yüz yüze görüşülerek uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların şiddet yaşantıları ölçeği ortalama puanları 10,36±17,7 iken, %10,5’i yüksek riskli grup olarak belirlendi. ŞYÖ risk sınıflamasına göre risk düzeyi arttıkça kişilerin evlilikle ilgili uyum ve memnuniyet düzeyleri de azalmakta idi. ŞYÖ tüm alt boyutlarında ve toplamda risk sınıflamasına göre risk düzeyleri arttıkça, kişilerin şu andaki anksiyete ve depresyon riskleri artmakta; aile işlevselliklerinin tüm alt faktörleri ise olumsuz yönde etkilenmekteydi Sonuç: Toplumun her kesiminde görülebilen şiddetin çocuklar üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri yaşam boyunca sürebilmektedir. Aile hekimlerinin şiddetin çocuklar üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri konusunda eğitim ve danışmanlık vererek toplumda farkındalık oluşturması, şiddeti tamamen ortadan kaldırmasa bile azaltmaya katkıda bulunacaktır.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between pregnancy-related low back pain, kinesiophobia, and physical activity during the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: Fifty-one pregnant women between the ages of 18-40, at the gestational age of 27 weeks and above were included in the study. The intensity of pregnancy-related low back pain was assessed with the Numerical Pain Scale, kinesiophobia with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, and physical activity levels with the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Only 4 (7.8%) subjects had high levels of physical activity, 12 (23.5%) had moderate, and 35 (68.6%) had low levels of physical activity. A strong positive correlation was found between low back pain and kinesiophobia in the third trimester of pregnancy (r = 0.796; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between low back pain and physical activity or between kinesiophobia and physical activity (r=– 0.097; p= 0.498 and r= – 0.212; p= 0.135 respectively). Conclusion: Pregnancy-related low back pain can cause kinesiophobia during pregnancy, and kinesiophobia may cause limitations of movements. Considering the negative effects of pregnancy-related low back pain and kinesiophobia during pregnancy, the evaluation of pain, and kinesiophobia by health professionals is important during this period.

Purpose: To evaluate the care burden of the caregivers of dementia patients and the relationship between anxiety-depression risk and quality of life. Methods: This study was conducted with 152 primary caregivers of dementia patients by using “Caregiver Burden Inventory”(CBI), “Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale” (HADS) and “Short Version of the Quality of Life Assessment Instrument From the World Health Organization” (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: Mean age of the caregivers was 49.4±9.0 years; of them, 79.6% were females, 54.6% were graduates of elementary/secondary school. Mean age of dementia patients was 79.8±8.0 years; of them, 55.2% were females, 46.1% had advanced stage dementia and 30.9% had pressure ulcers. High care burden was detected in 101 (66.4%) caregivers, anxiety in 37 (24.3%) and depression in 109 (71.7%). The scores of HAD-A and HAD-D were significantly high (p=0.007, p=0.002) and WHOQOL-Bref score was significantly lower (p=0.001) in caregivers of the patients with pressure ulcers. Scores of CBI, HAD-A and HAD-D were found to significantly increase (p=0.005, p=0.042 and p=0.030, respectively) and WHOQOL-Bref score was found to significantly decrease (p=0.009) as stage of dementia increased. HAD-A and HAD-D scores were detected to increase (p=0.000, p=0.000) and WHOQOL-Bref score was detected to decrease (p=0.000) as CBI score increased. Conclusion: Dementia causes a high care burden for the caregivers. It is of vital importance to facilitate reaching professional support services for reducing care burden that increases with increasing stage, and establishing hospice care institutions for reducing the risk of mental disorders and for improving quality of life of the caregivers.

Farklı disiplinlerde kısmen birbirine yakın anlamlarda kullanılan “kült” kavramının “ortak çağrışımlar uyandıran, dini tören veya inanç” şeklinde genel bir tanımı yapılabilir. Toplumları anlamak adına, onların inanç sistemi ve ritüelleriyle yarattığı kültleri incelemek faydalı olacaktır. Çünkü mitolojiler, inanç sistemleri ve kültürler, büyük ölçüde bu kültlerin etrafında oluşup şekillenmişlerdir. Mitik dönemlerde oluşup şekillenmeye başlayan kültlerin bireyler ve toplumların üzerindeki etkisi günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Kült ile bağlantılı olarak kültür, insanların yapıp etmeleri sonucunda ortaya çıkan, gelişen ve dolayısıyla üretilen bir semboller dizisi halinde var olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu açıdan kültleri araştırmak, anlamak, anlamlandırmak ve çözümlemeye çalışmak “ilk ve en eski kültür kalıntılarını” gün yüzüne çıkarmak anlamına da gelmektedir. Atalar kültü olarak kabul edebileceğimiz Hızır ile İlyas, ab-ı hayatı (ölümsüzlük suyunu) içerek ölümsüzlüğe kavuştuğu düşünülen ruhani varlıklardır. Hızır-İlyas ile ilgili anlatılar, Türk halk inanışında büyük bir yer edinmiş, divan ve halk edebiyatına mensup pek çok kültür aktarıcısına ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Türk kültürünün farklı cephelerini şiirlerinde saf bir dille ele alan Yunus Emre de bu kültten doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak istifade etmiştir. Bu nedenle Yunus Divanı’nda halk ve divan edebiyatının ortak mazmunlarından biri olarak Hızır-İlyas kültü öne çıkmaktadır. Bu makalede, Yunus’un divanında Hızır İlyas kültüne dair izler tespit edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of hydration with oral water on non-stress test (NST).Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted as single-blinded and randomized controlled. Healthy and outpatient 32- to 40-week pregnant women who were aged 19 and older were included in the study. Intervention group pregnant women (n = 66) drank 500 ccs of water before the NST, and no attempt was made to the control group (n = 66). The NST parameters of the groups with fetal heart rate (FHR), variability, acceleration, deceleration, reactivity and nonreactivity were evaluated.FindingsBoth groups were found to be similar in terms of their descriptive characteristics and variables related to pregnancy (p > 0.05). The median FHR was 130.0 in the intervention group, 140.0 in the control group (p p p > 0.05).Originality/valueIt was found that hydration with oral water had an effect on NST parameters of FHR and the number of accelerations. However, it was observed that the FHR was within the normal range in both groups. It was thought that it tended to increase the number of accelerations.

Amaç: Üriner inkontinans (Üİ) en sık görülen geriatrik sendromlardan bir tanesidir. Kadınlarda Üİ ile ilgili literatürde çok sayıda risk faktörü tanımlanmıştır. Bu nedenle genç popülasyondan ayrı olarak yaşlı hastaların değerlendirilmesinde Üİ ile ilgili öncelikli risk faktörlerinin bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 65 yaş üstü kadınlarda üriner inkontinansa ait risk faktörlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmaya Aile Hekimliği Kliniği Yaşlı Sağlığı Polikliniği’ne 01.05.2017-30.06.2017 tarihleri arasında ayaktan başvuran 65 yaş ve üstü 164 kadın hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, Üİ, mobilite, diyabet ve depresyon yönünden değerlendirme verileri, ilave kronik hastalıkları ve diüretik kullanım durumları hasta dosyaları taranarak kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortlaması 73.5±7.2 yıldı. %52.4’ünde Üİ mevcuttu. Üİ mobilitesi azalmış hastalarda mobilitesi normal olanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha sık görülüyordu (sırasıyla %80.9 ve %19.1). Depresyon riski yüksek hastalarda Üİ anlamlı olarak daha sıktı (sırasıyla %69.6 ve %30.4). Daha uzun süredir diyabeti olan hastalarda ve daha yüksek HbA1c değerlerine sahip hastalarda Üİ daha sık görülüyordu (p

© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Objectives: Worldwide, approximately 9% of infants have a birth weight ≥4000 g, who are defined as fetal macrosomia, with wide variations between countries. Another form of abnormal fetal growth is fetal growth restriction. Infants with low birth weight (LBW) for their gestational age are primarily categorized as either small for gestational age (SGA) or fetal (intrauterine) growth restriction (FGR). All forms of abnormal fetal growth have high morbidity rates of neonatal. Therefore, diagnosis of abnormal fetal growth as early as possible is crucial for optimal clinical care. The measurement of fetal front-abdominal wall thickness (FAWT) is an easy examination. We conducted this study, wondering whether FAWT can predict birth weight or can determine LGA/macrosomia and/or LBW infants in advance. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was done in a tertiary center between September 2016 and September 2019. In total, 768 pregnant women with who attended our clinic for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening between the 26th and 28th weeks of gestation were included in this study. A total of 768 patients were evaluated in the present study. However, 186 of them were excluded in the follow-up of the study because they met the exclusion criteria or they gave birth in another hospital. Eventually, 582 pregnant women were included, with 57 in the LBW group, 461 in the AGA group, and 64 in the LGA group. In addition, 55 fetuses in the LGA group were determined to be macrosomic (birth weight > 4000 g). The FAWT and classic fetal biometric measurements, such as BPD, AC, FL, and EFW, were compared between the AGA group and the macrosomic infants. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the AGA group and the macrosomic infants group. There were no macrosomic infants in the AGA group, so this was used as the control group. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups for maternal age, gravidity, parity, gestational age on the day of the examination, and gestational age at birth. The mean FAWT was significantly thinner in the SGA group than in the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group (3.4 versus 3.9 mm, respectively, p

Background It was aimed to investigate maternal serum hormone values used for aneuploidy screening, demographic characteristics and fetal measurements in the population of pregnant Syrian refugees (PSRs) and to compare with data from pregnant Turkish women (PTW). Material and methods The study assessed data from 2697 pregnant who underwent triple and double screening tests, including 1738 Turkish and 959 Syrian women. The maternal serum biomarkers, demographic characteristics and fetal sonography measurements were compared and biases were calculated. By multivariate linear regression analysis, group-specific regression coefficients were estimated. Results Mean total age and weight were found to be significantly different and lower in PSRs in all gestational ages evaluated (p Conclusion Race/ethnicity-specific regression coefficients and median values based on validated risk estimations should have to be used for fetal aneuploidy risk reports.

İnsanlar; dini inanç, siyasal görüş, sosyal ve ekonomik durum boyutlarında farklılıklar gösterirler. Okulların bu farklılıkları gören, bu farklılıkları kabul ederek eğitim veren demokratik kurumlar olması, eğitimde olası ayrımcılığı azaltacaktır. Eğitimde öğretmenlerin, bu farklılıklara ilişkin ayrımcılıkları azaltmaya yönelik önemli rolleri bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Mardin ili ilkokullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin insan farklılıklarına ilişkin hoşgörülerini saptamaktır. Öğretmenlerin belirtilen boyutlardaki farklılıklara ilişkin hoşgörülerinin düzeyi ve söz konusu hoşgörülerinin cinsiyetlerine ve üye oldukları sendikaya göre değişme durumu araştırmanın alt amaçlarıdır. Araştırmada, nicel yöntem yaklaşımlarından betimsel tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma evreni Mardin ilkokullarında çalışan öğretmenlerden oluşmaktadır ve bu evrenden tabakalı örnekleme ile veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Mardin ili ilkokullarında görev yapan 2,909 öğretmen, örneklemini ise 940 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, İnsan Farklılıklarına İlişkin Görüşler Anketinin, faktör analizi uygulanarak ölçeğe dönüştürülen biçimi veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin cinsiyetlerine göre, insan farklılıklarının tüm boyutlarında, siyasi görüş, dini inanç, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve sosyal ve ekonomik farklılığa ilişkin hoşgörü düzeylerinde, bağımsız t testi sonucuna göre anlamlı bir fark bulunmaktadır. Kadın öğretmenlerin, siyasi görüş, dini inanç, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve sosyal ve ekonomik farklılıklara ilişkin hoşgörü düzeyi erkek öğretmenlere göre daha yüksektir. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin siyasi görüş, dini inanç, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri farklılığına ilişkin hoşgörüleri; üye oldukları sendikaya göre farklılık göstermektedir., People differ in their religious belief, political view, and social and economic dimensions. If schools are aware of and accept these differences, potential discrimination will be reduced. In education, teachers have a key role to play in reducing discrimination based on these differences. This research aims to determine the tolerance towards and views on human diversity of teachers working in primary schools in Mardin province regarding human diversity. The objectives of the research are to reveal teachers’ levels tolerance towards diversity in terms of gender roles, religious belief, political opinion, and social and economic status dimensions, and how their tolerance differs by gender, union status, and the union of which they are a member. The research used the quantitative method and descriptive survey model. The research population is the teachers working in primary schools in Mardin and data were collected by stratified sampling. The research population consists of 2,909 teachers working in primary schools in Mardin province, and the sample is 940 teachers. The Opinions on Human Differences Questionaire converted into a scale by applying factor analysis was used as the data collection tool. The Scheffe test, which is a posthoc test, was applied to find out which groups include differences between units. According to the independent t-test, there is a significant difference by gender between the levels of teacher tolerance towards all dimensions of human differences, which are political opinion, religious belief, gender roles, and social and economic status. The tolerance level of female teachers towards political opinion, religious belief, gender roles, and social and economic status is higher than male teachers. According to the one-way ANOVA analysis, there is a significant difference between the levels of tolerance towards political opinion, religious belief, and gender roles of the teachers who participated in the research by their union status and the union of which they are a member.

Aim: The nutritional imbalances in pregnancy may lead to metabolic problems in newborns, which may cause obesity during childhood and later in life. It is aimed to determine the maternal levels of folate, vitamin B12 at birth and to investigate the correlation between neonatal anthropometric measurements, and metabolic indicators such as serum lipid profile and insulin resistance.Methods: A total of 102 mothers and newborns were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. The demographic, obstetric features, serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, homocysteine, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) were noted. For vitamin B12, levels, ≥191 ng/L were accepted as normal. The correlation between maternal levels of vitamin B12, folate, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic indicators of newborns were evaluated. Results: Body mass index (P=0.004), serum insulin levels (P=0.012), HOMA-IR (P=0.001), and homocysteine (P=0.001) were increased in neonates born from mothers with lower serum levels of vitamin B12. The maternal vitamin B12 levels were positively, strongly correlated with neonatal vitamin B12 levels (r=0.719, P

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the parents of the children about fever who applied to the Pediatric Emergency Department with the complaints of fever, and to investigate the factors affecting fever in children. Method: This cross-sectional study included the parents of 509 children who were taken to Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department with fever complaint between 01.06.2014 and 30.09.2014.Parents' demographic data was recorded.The knowledge, attitude and behavior of the mothers and fathers about the fever and the degree of fear from fever were investigated. Body temperaturein admission was recorded.The chi-square test and Spearman correlation analyses were used to compare the factors affecting the fever in children. Results: The mean age of the children, mothers and fathers were 66.4±53.7 months, 32.3±6.5 years and 36.5±7 years respectively. Of the mothers 53.4% and of the fathers 45% were primary or secondary school graduates. Of the mothers 89.6% were housewives and of the fathers 91.9% had a regular job. Of the families 48.3% had a low income level. Body temperature measurements in admissions to the emergency department revealed that 365 (71.7%) children had a fever. And 22% of the mothers stated that they were extremely afraid of their children having a fever.The fear of fever was found to be significantly decreased as the education level of the mother increased (X2 = 22.694, p = 0.030). Presence of the true fever in emergency department admission was positively correlated with the father's working status, maternal education level and high family income level (X2=7.148, p=0.008, X2=4.11, p= 0.043,X2=10.020,p=0.002, respectively). Additionally, the number of people living at home and the number of children at home were negatively correlated with true high temperature measurements in the emergency department (r= –0.103, p=0.020, r= –0.091, p=0.041, respectively). Conclusion: We found that rate of true fever cases in the emergency department was affected by the number of people and children living at home, the mother's educational status, the father’s working status of and the average income level of the family.We hope that our findings will contribute to the studies being performed to prevent unnecessary admissions to pediatric emergency departments.Giriş: Çocuk Acil Servisine yüksek ateş yakınmasıyla başvuran çocukların anne babalarının ateşle ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışları belirlenerek çocuklarda gerçekten yüksek ateş varlığı üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma, l Haziran 2014-30 Eylül 2014 tarihleri arasında Adana Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Acil Servisine yüksek ateş şikayeti ile başvuran 509 hastanın aileleri ile yapıldı. Ailelerin demografik veriler kaydedildi, anne babanın ateşle ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışları, ateş korkularının derecesi araştırıldı ve başvuru anında ateşin kaç derece olduğu kaydedildi. Çocukların ateşi gerçekten yüksek olması üzerine etkili olan faktörlerin karşılaştırılmasında Ki-Kare testi ve Spearmann korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan çocukların yaş ortalaması 66.4±53.7 ay, annelerin yaş ortalaması 32.3± 6.5 yıl ve babaların yaş ortalaması 36.5± 7 yıl idi. Annelerin%53.4’ü ve babaların ise %45’i ilkokul ve ortaokul eğitimi almışlardı. Annelerin %89.6’sı çalışmayan ev hanımları iken babaların %91.9’unun düzenli bir işi vardı. Ailelerin %48.3’ü düşük gelir düzeyine sahipti. Çocuk Acil Serviste yapılan ölçüm sonucu 365 (%71.7) çocuğun ise ateşi vardı. Annelerin %22.0’si çocuklarının ateşinin yükselmesinden çok fazla korktuklarını belirttiler. Ateş korkusunun annenin eğitim durumu arttıkça anlamlı olarak azaldığı bulunmuştur (X2=22.694, p=0.030).Acil Servis başvurusunda çocuğun gerçekten ateşinin olması üzerinde babanın çalışma durumu,anne eğitim düzeyi ve ailenin gelir düzeyinin yüksek olması etkili bulunmuştur (sırasıyla X2=7.148, p=0.008, X2=4.11, p= 0.043,X2=10.020,p=0.002). Ayrıca evdeki yaşan kişi sayısı ve çocuk sayısı arttıkça acil serviste ateşin gerçekten yüksek ölçülme oranının azaldığı görülmüştür (sırasıyla r= –0.103, p=0.020, r= –0.091, p=0.041). Sonuç: Acil servis başvurusunda ateşin gerçekten yüksek ölçülmesinin evde yaşayan kişi ve çocuk sayısından, annenin eğitim durumu, babanın çalışma durumu ve ailenin ortalama gelir düzeyinden etkilendiğini bulduk. Bulgularımızın çocuk acil servislerine gereksiz başvuruların önüne geçilmesi amacıyla yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlamasını umuyoruz.

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infection worldwide; it is caused by infection with the bacterial species Brucella and leads to severe diseases in humans and animals. In Turkey, this bacterial species has not been completely eradicated and is commonly found in animals (such as goats or sheep). Brucellosis can lead to various symptoms, affect multiple systems, and cause splenomegaly in the case of spleen involvement. In contrast to traumatic spleen ruptures, spontaneous spleen ruptures are rare and most commonly occur because of infectious causes. A 52-year-old man was treated at our infectious diseases clinic for Brucella endocarditis. Due to sudden abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo, the patient was evaluated by our team of doctors at the same clinic. The patient had widespread sensitivity in the abdominal region, as well as defense and rebound symptoms. Emergency abdominal tomography revealed a ruptured spleen and widespread hemorrhagic fluid in the abdomen. Exploration revealed multiple ruptures in the spleen capsule. The patient underwent splenectomy and did not experience any complications during the postoperative period. Spontaneous spleen rupture is a rare clinical condition that should be considered in patients who are hospitalized at internal medicine clinics for infectious, hematogenic, and metabolic causes, as well as in those who have sudden abdominal pain and hypovolemia.

OBJECTIVES Reluctance of families of deceased donors to provide approval for donation is a factor in low rates of deceased donor organ transplants. Decisions of women may be important for family approval. We investigated the influence of knowledge and beliefs of housewives on attitudes toward organ donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 212 housewives attending Directorate of Religious Affairs centers and public education centers in Adana province between May and June 2018. A structured questionnaire to assess sociode-mographic information, knowledge, and beliefs about organ donation, as well as the Attitudes Toward Organ Donation Scale, was applied through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 42.9 ± 13.1 years, 68 (32.1%) had no formal education, and 125 women (59.0%) identified as low income. Of the women, 40 (18.9%) were single, 147 (69.3%) were married, 25 (11.8%) were divorced∕widowed, 104 (49.1%) were attending religious affairs centers, and 108 (50.9%) were attending public education centers. Mean score for the question "What is the religious drawback of donating organs?" was significantly higher in participants attending a Quran course (2.5 ± 1.4), and mean score of Attitudes Toward Organ Donation Scale decreased significantly as mean score for this question increased; the score for "Are you aware that the organ donation-related procedures are conducted within the law?" was 2.2 ± 1.2 (P < .001). Scores increased as knowledge level increased (r = 0.360, P < .001), and scores decreased as perception of organ donation as religiously objectionable increased (r = -0.258, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Participants with sufficient knowledge about organ donation, without religious objection to organ donation, and with awareness of the lawful status of organ donation had positive attitudes toward organ donation. Efforts toward improvement of community knowledge could increase rates of deceased donor organ donation.

Purpose: To compare the thickness of each retinal layer in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) versus healthy, age-matched controls by using retinal segmentation analysis.Methods: In our cross-sectional study, 37 patients with PCOS (i.e., patient group) and 35 healthy individuals (i.e., control group) underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging. Using built-in automatic retinal segmentation software to analyze the images collected, we compared the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, photoreceptor layer (PRL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), inner retinal layers, and outer retinal layers between the groups. To analyze the measurements, we used a traditional Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid.Results: In ETDRS subfields, 6-mm nasal RNFL thickness; 3- and 6-mm nasal GCL thickness; 3-mm superior and 6-mm nasal IPL thickness; 1-mm central, 3-mm nasal, superior, and inferior, and 6-mm nasal and inferior PRL thickness; and 6-mm inferior RPE thickness were significantly thinner in patients with PCOS than that of healthy controls.Conclusion: The results of our retinal segmentation analysis indicate that patients with PCOS tend to have thinner GCL, IPL, and PRL than healthy, age-matched controls due to neurodegeneration likely caused by insulin resistance, or subclinical retinal inflammation.

Bu çalışmada, Sarıkeçili Yörükleri arasında icra edilen geçiş dönemine bağlı uygulamalarda kadının rolü konu olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada yer verilen bilgiler 2010 ile 2012 yılları arasında farklı zaman dilimlerinde, 150 çadırla farklı güzergahlarda göçen Sarıkeçili Yörüklerinden derlenmiştir. Göç esnasında onların belirlediği görev dağılımında aktif olarak görev alarak Yörüklerin yaşam tarzları ve kadının gelenek içerisindeki rolü yakından gözlemlenmiştir. Katılımcı gözlem ve röportaj yöntemlerinden faydalanarak elde edilen bilgiler ışığında başlıca üç geçiş dönemi olan “doğum, evlenme ve ölüm”e bağlı ritüellerde kadının rolü belirlenmiştir. Bunun için özgün bir yöntem oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada yer alan veriler ve değerlendirmeler kadın folkloru ve Yörük kültürü hakkındaki çalışmalar bütününe katkı sağlayacak mahiyettedir.

The clean water resources necessary for human and aquatic organisms for the continuity of their lives are gradually decreasing. Agricultural activities, industrial wastes and domestic wastes cause pollution in waters. Genetic damages can occur in aquatic organisms due to toxicants that enter the water from different sources. Damage to genetic material can cause vital problems such as a decrease in the adaptation capacity of aquatic organisms, and inability to escape from predators. Therefore, the stability of the genetic material is important in order to maintain the survival of the organism. In this study, the genotoxic potential in Lake Uluabat was evaluated bythe alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET) and micronucleus (MN) techniques on Cyprinus carpio (common carp) and Silurus glanis (European catfish) collected from five different locality. According to the results, the genotoxicity potential in the blood samples taken was found to be higher in the spring and summer seasons than in the winter season of the lake. In addition, the accumulation levels of 9 different heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn and Mn) in water and sediment were analyzed. It was determined that in the samples taken from fish tissues, the highest Hg accumulation was found in muscle, As and Zn in kidney, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu and Mn in liver., Yeryüzünde gerek insan gerekse suda yaşayan organizmaların yaşamlarının devamlılığı açısından temiz su kaynakları giderek azalmaktadır. Tarımsal faaliyetler, sanayi atıkları ve evsel atıklardan kaynaklı gibi birçok kirletici suların kirlenmesine neden olmaktadır. Farklı kaynaklardan sulara karışan toksikantlar nedeniyle sularda yaşayan organizmalarda çeşitli genetik hasarlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Genetik materyaldeki hasarlar, sucul organizmaların adaptasyon kapasitesinde düşüş ve avcıdan kaçış gibi davranışlarda yetersizlik gibi yaşamsal önemde sorun yaratabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, organizmanın hayatta kalabilme yeterliliğinin korunabilmesi için genetik materyalin stabilitesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Uluabat Gölü’ndeki genotoksik potansiyel, farklı lokaliteden toplanan Cyprinus carpio (Sazan balığı) ve Silurus glanis (Yayın balığı) üzerinde tek hücre alkali jel elektroforezi (KOMET) ve mikronukleus (MN) teknikleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Uluabat Gölü’nde ilkbahar ve yaz mevsimlerinde alınan kan örneklerindeki genotoksisite potansiyeli kış mevsimine göre yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca su ve sedimente ait 9 farklı ağır metalin (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn ve Mn) birikim düzeyleri analiz edilmiştir. Balık dokularında yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre Hg kasta, As ve Zn böbrekte, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu ve Mn karaciğerde daha fazla birikim gözlenmiştir.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, PCOS’lu ve sağlıklı kontrol grubu hastalarında, vücut kompozisyon parametreleri BIA (Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizi) ile ölçülerek, metabolik, antropometrik ve hormonal parametrelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylece, PCOS'un vücut kompozisyon parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenerek, PCOS takip ve tedavisine daha iyi yön verebilmek hedeflenmiştir.Material and Method: Bu prospektif çalışmaya 23 obez olmayan PKOS hastası dahil edildi. PCOS tanısı Rotterdam Konsensus Konferansı'na göre konuldu. Antropometrik, metabolik ve hormonal parametreler ölçüldü. Vücut kompozisyonları BIA ile ölçüldü.Bulgular: Vücut kompozisyon parametreleri ile metabolik ve hormonal değerler arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde anlamlı korelasyonlar tespit edildi. PCOS'lu kıllı kadınlarda AUC-insülin seviyeleri ile SHBG arasında negatif bir korelasyon varken serbest testosteron arasında anlamlı bir pozitif korelasyon bulundu. Serbest testosteron seviyesi artışı ile vücut yağ oranı arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon varken, SHBG ile vücut yağ oranı arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon tespit edildi. DHEAS ile vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ve kalça çevresi arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon bulundu. Vücut kompozisyonları ile antropometrik parametreler arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde ise, PKOS'lu kadınlarda VKİ ile vücut yağ oranı, toplam vücut suyu ve bazal metabolik hız arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyonlar bulundu.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, PKOS’ lu hastalarda vücut kompozisyonları ile hormonal, metabolik ve antropometrik parametreler arasında önemli korelasyonlar bulundu. Bu bulgulara dayanarak, basit ve noninvaziv bir yöntem olan BIA’nın PCOS’lu hastaların poliklinik takiplerinde önemli bir yer alabileceği kanaatindeyiz., Aim: In this study, it was aimed to compare the body composition parameters measured by BIA(Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) and the metabolic, anthropometric and hormonal parameters of the PCOS patients with the healthy control group and to examine the effect of PCOS on body composition parameters. It is aimed to give a better direction to PCOS follow-up and treatment. Material and Method: 23 non-obese PCOS patients were involved to this prospective study. PCOS diagnosis was made according to the Rotterdam Consensus. Antropometric, metabolic and hormonal parameters were measured. Body compositions were measured by BIA. Results: When the relationship between body composition parameters and metabolic and hormonal values were examined, significant correlations were found. There was a negative correlation between AUC-insulin levels and SHBG while a significant positive correlation between free testosterone in hirsute women with PCOS. There was a significant negative correlation between free testosterone level increase and body fat ratio while a significant positive correlation between SHBG and body fat ratio. There was a significant negative correlation between DHEAS and BMI and the hip circumference. When the relationship between body composition and antropometric parameters were examined, a significant positive correlation was found between BMI and body fat ratio, total body water and basal metabolic rate in women with PCOS.Conclusion: In this study, significant correlations were found between body compositions and hormonal, metabolic and anthropometric parameters in patients with PCOS. Based on these findings, we believe that BIA can play an important role in outpatient follow-up of patients with PCOS.

PURPOSE To examine the interobserver variability for fetal biometry parameters and to investigate whether this variability affects the second-trimester maternal serum screening test (STMSS) results. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 singleton pregnancies who were scheduled for STMSS were investigated. Two experienced sonographers performed all examinations at the same visit. The risk calclations of screening were performed according to the each operator's biometric measurements separately. Interobserver variability in measurements of fetal biometrics and the effect of this interobserver variability on the screening results were assessed. RESULTS inter-observer reliability for biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) were 0.904 and 0.888 (p < 0.00 1), respectively. interobserver reliability coefficients for trisomy 21, trisomy 13/18, and neural tube defect were 0.887, 0.999, and 0.920 (p < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrate that the interobserver reliability and agreement of ultrasound measurements of fetal biometry in cases of routine prenatal screening are highly reliable.

Modern method contraceptive prevalence among married women in Nigeria has jumped to 16.0% in 2016 compared with

Amaç: Bu çalışmada AdanaHuzurevi Yaşlı Bakım ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezi’nde yaşayan yaşlıların malnütrisyonve depresyon durumlarının belirlenmesi, yaşam kalitelerinin ölçülmesi vebunları etkileyen çevresel faktörlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve yöntem:Bukesitsel bir araştırma Adana’da huzurevinde kalmakta olan 116 yaşlı üzerindeyapıldı. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik verileri kaydedilerek, çocuklarıylagörüşme sıklıkları, gelir algıları, huzur evinde yapılan aktivitelerinsıklığıve katılma istekleri, verilen sağlık hizmetinden ve huzurevi koşullarından memnuniyetleri,huzurevi çalışanları ve huzurevi sakinleri ile ilişkileri beşli Likert tipipuanlama ile sorgulandı. Katılımcılarda malnütrisyon ve depresyonun belirlenmesiiçin MNA-SF ve GDÖ, yaşam kalitelerinin ölçülmesiiçin WHOOQOL-OLD ölçekleriuygulandı.Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaşortalaması 73.5±8.0 yıldı ve 69’u erkekti(%59.5). Katılımcıların%25.9’u evli,%33.6’sıaz eğitimli ve %71.6’sının en az bir kronik hastalığı vardı.Katılımcılarauygulanan MNA-SF ile 24 kişide (%20.7) malnütrisyon riski ve 7 kişide (%6)malnütrisyon saptandı. GDÖ ile 8 kişide (%6.9) olası depresyon ve32 kişide (%27.6) depresyon saptandı. WHOQOL-OLD ile ölçülenyaşamkalitesi toplam puanı ortalaması 73.0±7.3 olarak bulundu.KadınlardaMNA-SF puanı daha düşük, GDÖ puanı daha yüksekti. GDÖ puanı eşi ölmüş olanlardaaz eğitimli ya da ilköğretim görenlerde daha yüksekti. WHOQOL-OLD puanı orta vedaha yüksek eğitimlilerde ve küçük evlerde kalanlarda daha yüksekti. Ölçeklerin kendi aralarındaki korelasyona göre ise malnütrisyonu gösteren MNA-SF puanı azaldıkçadepresyon puanının arttığı ve depresyon puanı arttıkça yaşam kalitesi puanınınazaldığı bulundu.Sonuç: Elde edilen bu sonuçlarhuzurevlerinde kalmakta olan yaşlı kişilerin malnütrisyon ve depresyondurumlarının geçerli ölçeklerle kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmesiningelecekteki sağlık problemlerini önlemek ve yaşlıların yaşam kalitesiniiyileştirmek açısından çok önemli olduğunu göstermektedir., Purpose: Theaim of this study was to determine the malnutrition and depression status andto measure the quality of life of the elderly living in a nursing home in xxxxxxxxx.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 116elderly people living in xxxxxxxxxx Nursing Home. The sociodemographic data ofthe participants recorded and evaluations of their social environment were questionedwith a five point Likert-type scoring. MNA-SF and GDS were used to determine malnutritionand depression, and WHOOQOL-OLD was used to measure quality of life.Results: Themean age of the participants was 73.5±8.0 years. Of the participants 59.5% weremale, 25.9% were married, 33.6% were low-educated and 71.6% had at least one chronicdisease. According to MNA-SF, 24 (20.7%) were detected to have risk ofmalnutrition and 7 (6%) were detected to have malnutrition. The number ofpeople with depression and possible depression were 32 (27.6%) and 8 (6.9%) respectively.MNA-SF score was lower and GDS score was higher in women. The GDS score was higherin elders with a deceased spouse, and in elders with a low-education level.WHOQOL-OLD score was higher in middle or high education level people and insmall households. According to the correlation between the scales, depression scoreincreased with decreasing MNA-SF score, and quality of life score decreased withincreasing depression score.Conclusion: Comprehensive assessment of malnutrition and depressionstatus of elderly people living in nursing homes with valid scales is crucial forpreventing future health problems and improving their quality of lives.

Turkiye, Ucuncu Bes Yillik Kalkinma Plani (1973-1977) ile kalkinmasini sanayileserek gerceklestirmeye karar vermistir. Sektorler arasi onceliklerin saptanmasi ve bu onceliklerin hedef olarak belirlenmesine 1960’lardan beri calisilmaktadir. Bununla birlikte, 1963 yilindan beri saptanan oncelikler ile planlarda ongorulen nitel ve nicel hedeflerin gerceklestirilemedigi bilinmektedir. Egitim sektorunde, planlarda belirtilen oncelik ve hedeflere istenilen duzeylerde ulasilamamistir (Bur-salioglu, 1987, s. 153—160).

Bu çalışmada Küba eğitim sisteminin amaç, yapı ve süreç boyutlarıyla betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu boyutlar eğitim örgütlerinin temel boyutları arasında ele alınmaktadır (Bursalıoğlu 1987, s. 30-39). Öncelikle Küba hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş ardından, belirtilen boyutlar üzerinde durulmuştur.

İnsangücü planlaması'sanatı kesinlikle karışıklık içindedir. İnşam-gücü tahmini, onyıllar süren uygulamasından sonra sürekli eleştirilmeye başlanmıştır. (Bkz. Ahamad ve Blaug, 1973; Psacharopoulos, İ984; Youdi ve Hincliffe, 1985; World Bank, 1991). Bu sanatı hala uygulayanlar, yetki, yöntem ve yaptıklarının bütünüyle yararsızlığı ile ilgili olarak tam anlamıyla bir ltarışıkhğa düşmüş olmalılar.

Introduction. Many patients who were diagnosed as polycystic ovary syndrome- (PCOS-) related acne were not capable of sustaining or beginning oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) due to pill scaring, contraindications of OCP use, migraine, or smoking. In this situation, oral isotretinoin treatment may become an important option for PCOS-related acne. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of isotretinoin treatment on PCOS patients who were complicated with severe cystic acne. Materials and Methods. This study consisted of 40 female patients diagnosed as PCOS complicated with severe cystic acne. These patients were not eligible candidates for OCP use due to migraine, thrombophilia, heavy smoking, or pill scare. To establish baseline values of hormone levels, on days 2–5 of the menstrual cycle, venous blood samples were obtained. Moreover Modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score, acne score (AS), follicle count, and bilateral ovarian volumes were evaluated both before and after isotretinoin treatment. Results. Isotretinoin treatment significantly decreased Ferriman-Gallwey score, free testosterone, insulin level, hemoglobin level, acne score, and ovarian volume. Increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels were detected after treatment. Conclusion. Isotretinoin treatment may have beneficial effects on free testosterone, insulin, acne score, and Ferriman-Gallwey score. Solely isotretinoin administration may supply adequate healing in PCOS patients’ symptoms complicated with severe cystic acne who is not eligible candidates for OCP use. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02855138.

Galectins are animal lectins that bind to surface glycoproteins expressed at the fetal-maternal interface. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to investigate the possible relationship between levels of maternal serum galectin-7 and threatened abortion (TA) and to determine whether serum galectin-7 had any prognostic value.This prospective study was conducted between August 2014 and February 2015. Included in the study were 31 consecutive pregnant women who were hospitalized for TA between 6 and 14 weeks of gestation and 33 healthy gestational age matched pregnant women without any symptoms of miscarriage. Serum galectin-7 levels were measured via ELISA.The mean serum galectin-7 levels of the two groups were not significantly different (31 TA patients: 2.84 ± 0.43 pg/mL, 33 controls: 2.785 ± 0.32 pg/mL, p = 0.543). Six pregnancies in the TA group resulted in abortion (19.4%).Serum galectin-7 was not useful for predicting prognosis in TA.

Objective: To evaluate the relation between nephrin levels and preeclampsia severity by comparing serum and urine levels of nephrin in the severe and mild groups according to severity of associated intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) development. Methods: A total of 150 patients who attended our ante-natal clinic (ANC) were included in this study. We had 5 groups; Group 1:30 patients with mild preeclampsia (MP) and normal fetal development (NFD), Group 2:30 patients with severe preeclampsia (SP) and NFD, Group 3: 30 patients with MP and IUGR, Group 4: 30 patients with SP and IUGR and Group 5: 30 volunteers who were normotensive and non-preeclamptic. We obtained both blood and urine samples for measuring nephrin levels. Results: Both serum and urine nephrin levels were significantly higher for the fourth group compared with all other groups (p

The aim of the study was to investigate standard biometric measurements, such as biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), abdominal circumference (AC), estimated fetal weight (EFW) and anterior abdomen wall thickness (AAWT) in fetuses complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the time of GDM screening, and to compare the results with healthy pregnant controls.A total of 124 pregnant women between 26 and 28 weeks' gestation were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups based on their 75-g oral glucose tolerance test results. The study group consisted of 55 pregnant women with GDM, and 69 healthy pregnant women constituted our control group.The study groups did not differ with respect to the mean BPD, FL, AC and EFW; however, the mean AAWT was significantly higher in the GDM group, 4.07 ± 0.46 mm versus 3.28 ± 0.37 mm in the control group (p0.001).The only fetal sonographic measurement found to significantly differ between the study groups was the AAWT in 26 weeks at the time of gestational diabetes screening, suggesting that measuring the AAWT may have a role in the evaluation of fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the effect of general and spinal anesthesia on maternal blood loss in elective cesarean section (CS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study and included 418 healthy pregnant women with a term uncomplicated singleton pregnancy between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation. The study participants were randomly divided into two groups: the general anesthesia group and spinal anesthesia group. CSs were all performed using the same surgical technique, and within the groups, the same anesthetic procedures were used (either general or spinal). The primary outcome for this study was operative blood loss. Hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were similar in the both groups (p=0.08 and p=0.239, respectively). Significantly lower operative blood loss was achieved using spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia during elective CS. The differences between preoperative and postoperative blood values for both the study groups were statistically significant (p