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Vitamins are generally essential; they are mandatory compounds that are not produced in the body and must be taken through food. These compounds, which play a role in enzyme reactions as coenzymes, are indispensable for the human organism. Among them, vitamin D, which is of great importance, can be made in the body differently from others. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. Since its chemical structure is similar to steroid hormones and is synthesized in tissue and released into the circulatory system due act on the target tissue, it can also be classified as a hormone. Vitamin D is a fairly important steroid hormone that plays a role in maintaining bone and calcium homeostasis.

Except for one tropical African species, the Rosa L. species (roses; Rosoideae: Rosaceae) has 150–200 species that are extensively dispersed throughout temperate and subtropical ecosystems of the northern hemisphere. The fact that Central Asia is the rose's native continent is underlined in numerous sources. A quarter of the rose species are found in Europe and North America, while nearly half are found in Asia. Rosa damascene Mill is the species utilized to obtain rose oil, even though there are 24 types of roses registered in Turkey's flora. Rosa damascene, also referred to as the Damascus Rose, Pink Oil Rose, Oil Rose, and Isparta Rose Rose is a perennial, thorny, intensely perfumed, pink-hued, half-layered, and winter-hardy shrub that only blooms in the spring. The range of products is also increasing due to the demand for roses and rose products in this sector. Many products are being developed in the field of nutrition, cleaning, and cosmetics. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of wild rose plants in the field of health and to expand their use. However, it is thought that increasing the variety of products obtained from the wild rose plant may contribute to the country's economy. The aim of the study is to investigate the use of wild rose plant in our country and in other countries, to show in which diseases it is used and to determine its contribution to the economy of the countries.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 tanısı konan hastalarda serum oksidan, antioksidan ve paraoksonaz düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve tanısal değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, COVID-19 tanısı konulan hastalar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında COVID-19 tanılı 48 (%55,1) erkek ve 39 (%44,9) olmak üzere toplam 87 hasta değerlendirildi. Toplam antioksidan tayini, Erel yöntemine göre bir mikroplaka okuyucu kullanılarak yapıldı. Toplam oksidan tayini, Erel yöntemine göre bir mikroplaka okuyucu kullanılarak yapıldı. OSI hesaplamak için TOS ve TAS seviyeleri belirlendi.Bulgular: Erkek cinsiyetin yüksek PON1 ile yüksek TOS ile sigara kullanımı, hipertansiyon ve DM hastalıkları varlığı ile düşük OSİ ve düşük PON1 ile astım varlığı ile ilişkili olduğu bulundu. Ayrıca yüksek PON1 daha kısa hastanede kalış süresi ve yüksek TOS daha uzun hastanede kalış süresi ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. CRP'deki artışa bağlı olarak TAS ve TOS seviyeleri, nötrofil seviyesindeki artışa bağlı olarak TOS seviyesi ve OSI seviyesi nedeniyle anlamlı olarak arttı. lökosit seviyesindeki artışa bağlı olarak PON1 seviyesi LDH seviyesindeki artışa bağlı olarak yükselmiştir TAS, TOS, OSI ve PON1 cut-off değerleri 1.41 (AUC: 0.647), 4.56 (AUC: 0.493) olmuştur. 0.421 (AUC: 0.505) ve 340 (AUC: 0.536), hassasiyet değerleri 65.5, 55.2, 48.3 ve 51.7; özgüllük değerleri sırasıyla 62.1, 46.6, 34.5 ve 53.4 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Sonuç: Çalışmamız sonucunda oksidatif stres türlerinin tanısal değeri olduğu görülmekle birlikte konu ile ilgili daha geniş örneklemli daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır., Purpose: The aim of his study was to determine serum oxidant status (TOS), antioxidant status (TAS), and paraoxonase (PON1) levels and to determine their diagnostic values in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out on patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Within the scope of the study, a total of 87 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, 48 (55.1%) male and 39 (44.9%) were evaluated. Total antioxidant determination was performed using a microplate reader according to the Erel method. To calculate the Oxidative stress index (OSI), TOS and TAS levels were determined.Results: Male gender was associated with high PON1, smoking with high TOS, the presence of hypertension and Diabetes mellitus (DM) diseases with low OSI, and the presence of asthma with low PON1. High PON1 was found to be associated with shorter hospitalization duration and high TOS was associated with longer hospitalization duration. TAS and TOS levels increased significantly due to the increase in CRP, TOS levels due to the increase in neutrophil level, OSI levels due to the increase in leukocyte level, PON1 levels increased due to the increase in LDH level TAS, TOS, OSI, and PON1 cut-off values were 1.41 (AUC: 0.647), 4.56 (AUC: 0.493), 0.421 (AUC: 0.505) and 340 (AUC: 0.536), sensitivity values were 65.5, 55.2, 48.3 and 51.7; specificity values were calculated respectively as 62.1, 46.6, 34.5 and 53.4.Conclusion: Although it is seen that oxidative stress types have diagnostic value, there is a need for more comprehensive studies with larger samples on the subject.

Background: Endocan, also known as specific molecule-1 in endothelial cell, plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory reaction [1, 2]. Serum endocan, a new biochemical marker of endothelial dysfunction, plays a role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we investigate there was a difference in serum endocan, CYP2R1, and Haptoglobin protein levels between patients with DM (+) PAH and those with DM (-) PAH. Methods: 55 volunteer patients who were diagnosed with DM (-) PAH and 24 volunteer patients who came to the same polyclinic and were diagnosed with only DM (+) PAH as a result of the examination were included. Endocan, Haptoglobulin and 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) measurements were made with the quantitative Enzyme linked immunosorbent analysis kit. Results: Serum haptoglobulin levels were 1877.01±564.67 (g/L) in the group with DM (-) PAH, 1745.94±612.59 (g/L) in the group with DM (+) PAH, 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) levels were 51.41 (2.53-2722.18) (ng/ml) in the group with DM (-) PAH and 25.36 (9.43-624.57) (ng) in the group with DM (+) PAH. /ml) was detected. Serum endocan levels are: 157.95 (29.16-7026.64) (pg/ml) in the group with DM (-) PAH, and 586.23 (138.79- 3876.51) (pg/ml) in the group with DM (+) PAH was detected. Conclusion: We compared serum endocan levels in patients with DM(+) PAH and DM(-)PAH, and we found that there was a significant difference (p

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women across the globe. The aim of this study is to compare exosomal survivin levels in breast cancer patients and healthy population. It is also to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer and exosomal survivin levels. Patients who were diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer and healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum samples from patients and healthy volunteers were stored at -80℃. Exosomes were isolated from these serum samples. The integrity of the exosomes was disrupted. Survivin levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. Data on clinicopathological parameters were obtained from patient files and compared statistically.

Grape is a perennial plant and its fruit and leaves are consumed as food. Its homeland is thought to be the Middle East. There is evidence that the cultivation of this plant began 7-8 thousand years ago. When we look at the content of ripe grapes, 100 grams of grapes contain 69 kilos of energy, 81% of them are water, 18% are carbohydrates, 1% is protein, and contain very little fat, vitamin K and vitamin E. Resveratrol (RSV) was first produced in the early 1930s by the medicinal plant Veratrum grandifolium Loes. fil., many studies have shown that it will be useful in clinical use due to the flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds found in grapes. RSV is a natural non-flavonoid polyphenol belonging to the stilbenoid group, especially found in the skin of black grapes. Besides grapes, it is also found in various plants such as strawberries, blueberries, pomegranates, mulberries, pistachios and peanuts. It is thought that RSV, which is found in dietary components, may have many effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, lipid regulating, antidiabetic and life-prolonging. The potential benefits of RSV have been widely studied in some animal experiments, with positive results. Clinical trials in humans, on the other hand, are less numerous and the results are not yet conclusive. Considering the scientific studies done so far, it has been determined that RSV has tumor-suppressive properties in many stages of cancer. It is a powerful antioxidant that can prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy causes inflammation in neighboring cells of cancer cells, while RSV stimulates leukocytes to eliminate these lysed cells, thereby accelerating their apoptosis. RSV improves lipid profile by reducing hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase in mRNA expression and potentially leading to reverse cholesterol transport. It has been shown that it can lower blood pressure by increasing endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, reducing oxidative damage and calcium influx. While RSV does not cause any changes in blood pressure acutely, when used for a long time, it improves endothelial function, especially in hypertensive women with higher LDL cholesterol levels. Because polyphenols reduce atherogenesis by preventing low-density lipoprotein oxidation, fat accumulation and platelet aggregation. Down-regulation of inflammatory pathways and regular signaling, decrease in IL-6, TNF alpha, interferon-gamma, Herp, IL-8 and leptin levels, down-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules, changes in mRNAs involved in inflammatory modulation, anti-inflammatory effect through an increase in IL-10 plasma levels shows. Recent studies have shown that RSV has a curative effect on Alzheimer's disease and prevents neurological damage in case of cerebral ischemia. It has a protective effect against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Some recent studies on RSV have determined that it prolongs lifespan in some yeasts, threadworms, fruit flies, fish, and obese mice. Keywords: Grape seeds, antioxidant, effects of resveratrol.

Sevgili okuyucularımız, Bu kitabı bilim gibi uzun bir yol kat etmekte olan ve temel tıp alanında çalışan değerli arkadaşlarımızın katkıları ile yayımladık. Bir işe başlamak onun başarılması için oldukça önemli bir aşamadır, bu nedenle hayatta hiçbir şeyi ertelememek gerektiğini unutmayalım. Sağlık bilimlerinde temel ve klinik bilimleri birbirinden keskin çizgilerle ayırmak mümkün değildir. Ayrıca disiplinler arası araştırmalar ve çalışmalar daha kıymetlidir. Bu nedenle kitabımızın içeriği her ne kadar temel tıp bilimleri ağırlıklı olsa da klinikle entegre olan konular da yer almaktadır. Diyabetin erkek infertilitesi ile ilişkisi, lipit yapıları ile ilgili araştırmalarının geçmişi ve şimdiki durumunun gözden geçirilmesi ile birlikte lipidomik araştırma tekniklerinin incelenmesi, kalsiyum iyonu ve pompalarının kas kasılma ve gevşemesindeki kritik işlevlerinin belirlenmesi, regülatör B hücrelerinin fonksiyonlarının araştırılması, tıp tarihinde dört humor olarak bilinen sarı ve kara safra, balgam ve kan kavramlarının incelenmesi, çinko eksikliğinin tiroid bozukluğuyla ilişkisinin araştırılması, doku biyokimyasının gözden geçirilmesi, hematopoetik kök hücre nakli ve böbrek konusunun değerlendirilmesi, halk sağlığı açısından sigara bağımlılığı ve mücadele yöntemlerinin küresel düzeyde karşılaştırmalı bir analizi, kanserde glikoliz üzerine uzun kodlamayan RNA’ların etkileri, insanlarda kromozom ayrılması bozukluklarının genetik mekanizmaları, merkezi sinir sisteminde bulunan bazal nükleusların tarihçesi ve terminolojisinin oluşumu ve kanser gelişiminde sirtuin ailesinin rolü gibi bölümleri kapsamaktadır. İnsanlık için bilimsel platformlarda özveri ile çalışan bilim insanlarına ışık tutması dileği ile kitabımıza destek veren yazar kadromuz ve yayın ekibimize teşekkür ederim. Prof. Dr. HÜLYA ÇİÇEK

Aim: COVID-19 progresses rapidly and severely and often causes death in people with underlying health problems or co-morbidities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of clinical and some specific laboratory parameters on the prognosis and mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients who need to be followed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Subjects and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 180 patients treated in the ICU were included in the study. The data of clinical and levels of D-dimer, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), Ferritin, and CK-MB were researched. The multivariate and univariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate the risk factors affiliated with in-hospital death. Results: There was a significant difference in mortality between women and men (p=0.002). Hypertension was the most common comorbid disease, mortality was detected to be significantly greater in patients over 65 years of age. The serum D-dimer, cTnI, CK-MB, and ferritin levels were found to be higher in patients at risk. In the multivariate logistic regression model, we detected that ferritin above 300 μg/l (p=0.05) alongside cancer was associated with mortality. Conclusions: This study showed that advanced age is an important risk factor as well as the mortality of patients with cancer –especially those with a ferritin value above 300 μg/l and patients with a high cTnI value. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with increased serum D-dimer, cTnI, CK-MB, and ferritin levels.

Snakebite is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Turkey, especially in rural areas. There are 41 snake species living in Turkey, 28 of which are non-poisonous and 13 are venomous. Of these 13 venomous snakes, 10 species are from the Viperidae family, 2 species from the Colubridae and 1 species from the Elapidae (Cobras) family and can be lethal with the venom they inject when they bite. The venom has mostly hematotoxic rarely neurotoxic effects. In addition to these effects, it also has cardiotoxic, myotoxic and nephrotoxic properties. A 50-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department 30-40 minutes after her left hand was bitten by a snake bite from the second finger. The patient, who was conscious, agitated and restless, had ecchymosis, widespread edema, pain and tenderness at the wound site. The wound area was cleaned with an antiseptic solution, 80 mg Prednisolone, 20 snake antiserum, 100 mg ulcer and tetanus prophylaxis were administered in the emergency room. The patient was absorbed 80-90 cc of fluid and blood absorption from three different areas on the left hand using the cupping vacuum method, then a splint was taken and elevation was performed. In the examination of the patient 20 hours after the application, edema in the hand decreased, swelling decreased, limitation of movement disappeared and the patient had minimal pain. The blood parameters of the patient were checked and evaluated as normal. The patient was discharged in a healthy way after 40 hours of admission to the hospital, following control and follow-up. As in our case, it should not be forgotten that besides all modern medical practices, cupping absorption therapy, which is a traditional medical treatment, is also very important in terms of supportive treatment and local tissue.

This study was designed prospectively to investigate the demographic data of the patients who had blood and blood products in Dicle University Medical Faculty Research Hospital Emergency Service between 01 November 2014- 01 November 2015, also to investigate the indications for blood products used, the amount and the type of the products used. When we look at the diagnosis of patients who underwent transfusion in the emergency department; It was determined that 26.2% were transfused for malignancy, 32.6% for anemia, 18.3% for trauma, 12.5% for GIS bleeding, and 10.4% for other reasons. The patients who had blood product transfusion were 623; 53.8% were male and 46.2% were female. The mean age of the patients was determined 47.87±23.66. The percentage of transfused blood products were as following: 83.6% erythrocyte suspension (ES), 17.3% fresh frozen plasma (FFP), 17.3 % platelet suspension(PS), 0.6% whole blood(WB), %4.3 other blood components (OBC). As a result, we can say that in our study, a large number of transfusions were performed in the emergency department, a specific protocol was not adhered to in determining the indication, and transfusion was performed in support of patients who were mostly under outpatient follow-up. Emergency transfusion decisions should be performed with true emergency indication, follow-up with clinical response rather than laboratory response, and consciousness about the aim of transfusion.

This study aims to evaluate the use of serum native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), and dynamic disulfide (DD) levels as biomarkers in patients with gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer with different cancer types by comparing with healthy controls. A total of 108 subjects consisting of68 patients with GIS cancer and 40 healthy individuals as a control group were included in the study. Serum NT, TT, and DD levels were measured by an automated method developed by Erel. There was a statistically significant difference between NT levels of GIS cancer and the control group (P = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between male and female patients in terms of serum NT levels (P = 0.08). Similarly, no significant difference was observed when comparing serum NT levels among GIS cancer types (P = 0.886). The serum TT levels were statistically significant difference (P = 0.013) in GIS cancer, 141.82 ± 48.24 μmol/l (12.7-243.9) compare to the control group, 166.03 ± 56.23 μmol/l (12.7-326.8). When the serum TT and DD levels of the patients were compared according to gender, no significant difference was found (P = 0.243 and P = 0.362, respectively). In addition, the TT levels were not significantly difference among GIS malignancies (P = 0.765). When the patient and control groups were compared in terms of DD levels, no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.378). In conclusion, it was determined that some parameters differ statistically between patients with GIS cancer and healthy controls. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between the thiol/disulfide balance with GIS cancer. This result suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in the development of the GIS cancer, consistent with the findings in this study, but not in terms of DD levels.

Osteoporosis is an important disease with an increasing incidence that leads to serious losses in physical function and adversely affecting the life quality of women especially in postmenopausal period. Age, genetic structure, vitamin D and K abnormalities, estrogen deficiency, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are considered among the most important risk factors for osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total sialic acid (TSA) and total oxidant/antioxidant status (TOS/TAS) of patients with osteoporosis in this study. Comparisons of 25 female patients diagnosed with osteoporosis aged between 51-67 and 10 healthy women between the ages ranged 50-68 were made in this study. PON1 activity, HDL, TSA, TOS and TAS levels were measured by spectrophotometrical method in plasma samples that obtained from blood samples of patients and healthy individuals. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Plasma PON1 activity, TAS and HDL levels were significantly lower in patiens with osteoporosis than the healty group (p [Med-Science 2017; 6(3.000): 479-82]

Objective:Certain cancer types have been shown to be associated with vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to appraise the relationship between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VDR Fok1 and Bsm1 with serum vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus levels among patients of lung, colon, breast and pancreatic cancer patients.Materials and methods:Groups; lung, colon, breast and pancreatic cancer patients (n=212) and 58 age-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin D were measured by immunochemiluminesence method and Fok1 and Bsm1 genotypes were assessed with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results:VDR Fok1 and Bsm1 genetic polymorphisms have a significant difference between lung cancer and control group subjects (p=0.042, p=0.040, respectively). VDR Bsm1 genetic polymorphism has a significant association between breast cancer and control group according to the logistic regression model (p=0.038). Vitamin D levels were found significantly lower in all cancer groups (pConclusion:This study indicates that VDR genetic polymorphisms, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D status of individuals were associated with certain cancer species.