110 results on '"Hübener M"'
Search Results
2. Neuronal networks in the spotlight: Deciphering cellular activity patterns with fluorescent proteins
- Author
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Helmchen, F. and Hübener, M.
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- 2013
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3. Chronic γ-secretase inhibition reduces amyloid plaque-associated instability of pre- and postsynaptic structures
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Liebscher, S, Page, R M, Käfer, K, Winkler, E, Quinn, K, Goldbach, E, Brigham, E F, Quincy, D, Basi, G S, Schenk, D B, Steiner, H, Bonhoeffer, T, Haass, C, Meyer-Luehmann, M, and Hübener, M
- Published
- 2014
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4. Vergleich von MultiHance® und Gadovist® zur zerebralen MR-Perfusionsmessung bei gesunden Probanden
- Author
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Essig, M., Lodemann, K.-P., LeHuu, M., Schönberg, S. O., Hübener, M., and van Kaick, G.
- Published
- 2002
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5. Zervixinsuffizienz – diagnostische, präventive und therapeutische Aspekte
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Arabin, B., Hübener, M., and van Eyck, J.
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- 2001
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6. Large decrease in inhibitory pre- and postsynaptic structures following retinal lesions
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Keck, T., Scheuss, V., Jacobsen, I., Wierenga, C.J., Eysel, U., Bonhoeffer, T., Hübener, M., Celbiologie, and Sub Cell Biology
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International (English) - Published
- 2011
7. Large decrease in inhibitory pre- and postsynaptic structures following retinal lesions
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Celbiologie, Sub Cell Biology, Keck, T., Scheuss, V., Jacobsen, I., Wierenga, C.J., Eysel, U., Bonhoeffer, T., Hübener, M., Celbiologie, Sub Cell Biology, Keck, T., Scheuss, V., Jacobsen, I., Wierenga, C.J., Eysel, U., Bonhoeffer, T., and Hübener, M.
- Published
- 2011
8. Large decrease in inhibitory pre- and postsynaptic structures following retinal lesions
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Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Sub Cell Biology, Keck, T., Scheuss, V., Jacobsen, I., Wierenga, C.J., Eysel, U., Bonhoeffer, T., Hübener, M., Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Sub Cell Biology, Keck, T., Scheuss, V., Jacobsen, I., Wierenga, C.J., Eysel, U., Bonhoeffer, T., and Hübener, M.
- Published
- 2011
9. Chronic γ-secretase inhibition reduces amyloid plaque-associated instability of pre- and postsynaptic structures
- Author
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Liebscher, S, primary, Page, R M, additional, Käfer, K, additional, Winkler, E, additional, Quinn, K, additional, Goldbach, E, additional, Brigham, E F, additional, Quincy, D, additional, Basi, G S, additional, Schenk, D B, additional, Steiner, H, additional, Bonhoeffer, T, additional, Haass, C, additional, Meyer-Luehmann, M, additional, and Hübener, M, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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10. Is treatment with vaginal pessaries an option in patients with a sonographically detected short cervix?
- Author
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Arabin, B., primary, Halbesma, J. R., additional, Vork, F., additional, Hübener, M., additional, and Eyck, J. van, additional
- Published
- 2003
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11. Vergleich von MultiHance ® und Gadovist ® zur zerebralen MR-Perfusionsmessung bei gesunden Probanden
- Author
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Essig, M., primary, Lodemann, K.-P., additional, LeHuu, M., additional, Schönberg, S. O., additional, Hübener, M., additional, and van Kaick, G., additional
- Published
- 2002
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- View/download PDF
12. Sonographic diagnosis of cervical incompetence in twin pregnancies
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Arabin, B., primary, Hübener, M., additional, Halbesma, J., additional, and van Eyck, J., additional
- Published
- 2001
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13. Cervical insufficiency: diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic aspects
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Arabin, B., primary, Hübener, M., additional, and van Eyck, J., additional
- Published
- 2001
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14. An Analysis of Orientation and Ocular Dominance Patterns in the Visual Cortex of Cats and Ferrets
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Müller, T. M, primary, Stetter, M., additional, Hübener, M., additional, Sengpiel, F., additional, Bonhoeffer, T., additional, Gödecke, I., additional, Chapman, B., additional, Löwel, S., additional, and Obermayer, K., additional
- Published
- 2000
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15. In situx-ray diffraction topography studies on the phase formation in thin yttrium hydride films
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Remhof, A., primary, Song, G., additional, Sutter, C., additional, Labergerie, D., additional, Hübener, M., additional, Zabel, H., additional, and Härtwig, J., additional
- Published
- 2000
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16. Principal Component Analysis and Blind Separation of Sources for Optical Imaging of Intrinsic Signals
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Stetter, M., primary, Schießl, I., additional, Otto, T., additional, Sengpiel, F., additional, Hübener, M., additional, Bonhoeffer, T., additional, and Obermayer, K., additional
- Published
- 2000
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17. Organisation and Interrelationships of Functional Maps in Cat and Monkey Striate Cortex
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Shoham, D, primary, Hübener, M, additional, Bonhoeffer, T, additional, and Grinvald, A, additional
- Published
- 1997
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18. Neuronal networks in the spotlight.
- Author
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Helmchen, F. and Hübener, M.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Vergleich von MultiHance® und Gadovist® zur zerebralen MR-Perfusionsmessung bei gesunden Probanden.
- Author
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Essig, M., Lodemann, K.-P., LeHuu, M., Schönberg, S. O., Hübener, M., and van Kaick, G.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2002
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20. How sensory deprivation and learning change neuronal responses in mouse visual cortex.
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Hübener, M.
- Subjects
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NEURONS , *VISUAL cortex , *NEURAL stimulation - Abstract
Neuronal response properties in the brain are not static over time. They can change during development, after deprivation, and following learning. We study such functional plasticity with two-photon calcium imaging, using orientation selectivity in the mouse visual cortex as a model. One way to alter orientation tuning in the visual cortex is stripe rearing, where animals are exposed to contours of only one orientation for a certain period. Earlier studies have shown that stripe rearing causes a relative overrepresentation of neurons in visual cortex tuned to the experienced orientation. It is not clear, however, whether these changes are merely due to a permissive effect, causing cells tuned to the non-experienced orientations to lose responsiveness, or whether the experienced orientation acts in an instructive fashion, such that some cells actively change their tuning. The main reason for this uncertainty is that with conventional methods it is difficult to assess the proportion of unresponsive cells. This problem can be overcome by two-photon calcium imaging, where all neurons are labeled, thereby allowing for an unbiased determination of the fraction of unresponsive cells. We have raised juvenile mice for three weeks with cylinder lens goggles limiting visual experience to only one orientation. Following this period, orientation preference in the visual cortex was determined with two-photon calcium imaging. Stripe rearing changed the distribution of preferred orientations such that more cells responded to the experienced orientation than to the orthogonal orientation. The fraction of responsive neurons was lowered, but this effect could not fully account for the changes observed in the distribution of preferred orientations. The magnitude of the stripe rearing effect increased with cortical depth: the distributions of preferred orientations changed only modestly in upper layer 2/3, but we noted a pronounced drop in the fraction of responsive cells. In contrast, neurons deeper in layer 2/3 did not change their overall responsiveness, but we found a clear shift towards the experienced orientation. Thus, diverse mechanisms contribute to the changes in preferred orientation following stripe rearing, but the effect is at least partially mediated by an instructive process, by which individual neurons change their orientation preference. We next asked the question whether orientation tuning in the visual cortex also shows plasticity under behaviorally relevant conditions. During active vision, the visual cortex is subject to extensive feedback signaling and top-down modulations. However, in which way and to what extent the visual cortex is involved in visual perceptual learning remains highly controversial. We used repeated two-photon calcium imaging in anaesthetized mice over twelve days with the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP3. Applying this technique, we quantified changes in orientation tuning in individual neurons in the visual cortex before, during and after orientation discrimination learning. While overall orientation preference was not affected, tuning width and response amplitude changed during learning in neurons with specific differential preferred orientations (with regard to the rewarded orientation). Strikingly, these changes were correlated with task performance. Moreover, we found a pronounced gain in the number of orientation-selective neurons in mice that performed well in the orientation discrimination task. These neurons were mostly tuned to the rewarded or the orthogonal orientation, pointing to an enhanced neuronal responsiveness to these orientations. These data support, in line with previously proposed theories, a reweighting of visual information during visual perceptual learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
21. The antiferromagnet/superconductor proximity effect in Cr/V/Cr trilayers.
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Hübener, M., Tikhonov, D., Garifullin, I. A., Westerholt, K., and Zabel, H.
- Published
- 2002
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22. Sensory experience steers representational drift in mouse visual cortex.
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Bauer J, Lewin U, Herbert E, Gjorgjieva J, Schoonover CE, Fink AJP, Rose T, Bonhoeffer T, and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Photic Stimulation, Primary Visual Cortex physiology, Models, Neurological, Calcium metabolism, Visual Perception physiology, Synapses physiology, Orientation physiology, Neuronal Plasticity physiology, Visual Cortex physiology, Neurons physiology
- Abstract
Representational drift-the gradual continuous change of neuronal representations-has been observed across many brain areas. It is unclear whether drift is caused by synaptic plasticity elicited by sensory experience, or by the intrinsic volatility of synapses. Here, using chronic two-photon calcium imaging in primary visual cortex of female mice, we find that the preferred stimulus orientation of individual neurons slowly drifts over the course of weeks. By using cylinder lens goggles to limit visual experience to a narrow range of orientations, we show that the direction of drift, but not its magnitude, is biased by the statistics of visual input. A network model suggests that drift of preferred orientation largely results from synaptic volatility, which under normal visual conditions is counteracted by experience-driven Hebbian mechanisms, stabilizing preferred orientation. Under deprivation conditions these Hebbian mechanisms enable adaptation. Thus, Hebbian synaptic plasticity steers drift to match the statistics of the environment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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23. A primary sensory cortical interareal feedforward inhibitory circuit for tacto-visual integration.
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Weiler S, Rahmati V, Isstas M, Wutke J, Stark AW, Franke C, Graf J, Geis C, Witte OW, Hübener M, Bolz J, Margrie TW, Holthoff K, and Teichert M
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- Mice, Animals, Interneurons, Recognition, Psychology, Somatosensory Cortex physiology, Vibrissae physiology, Neurons physiology, Touch physiology
- Abstract
Tactile sensation and vision are often both utilized for the exploration of objects that are within reach though it is not known whether or how these two distinct sensory systems combine such information. Here in mice, we used a combination of stereo photogrammetry for 3D reconstruction of the whisker array, brain-wide anatomical tracing and functional connectivity analysis to explore the possibility of tacto-visual convergence in sensory space and within the circuitry of the primary visual cortex (VISp). Strikingly, we find that stimulation of the contralateral whisker array suppresses visually evoked activity in a tacto-visual sub-region of VISp whose visual space representation closely overlaps with the whisker search space. This suppression is mediated by local fast-spiking interneurons that receive a direct cortico-cortical input predominantly from layer 6 neurons located in the posterior primary somatosensory barrel cortex (SSp-bfd). These data demonstrate functional convergence within and between two primary sensory cortical areas for multisensory object detection and recognition., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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24. Functional and structural features of L2/3 pyramidal cells continuously covary with pial depth in mouse visual cortex.
- Author
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Weiler S, Guggiana Nilo D, Bonhoeffer T, Hübener M, Rose T, and Scheuss V
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- Mice, Animals, Pyramidal Cells physiology, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Neocortex, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
Pyramidal cells of neocortical layer 2/3 (L2/3 PyrCs) integrate signals from numerous brain areas and project throughout the neocortex. These PyrCs show pial depth-dependent functional and structural specializations, indicating participation in different functional microcircuits. However, whether these depth-dependent differences result from separable PyrC subtypes or whether their features display a continuum correlated with pial depth is unknown. Here, we assessed the stimulus selectivity, electrophysiological properties, dendritic morphology, and excitatory and inhibitory connectivity across the depth of L2/3 in the binocular visual cortex of mice. We find that the apical, but not the basal dendritic tree structure, varies with pial depth, which is accompanied by variation in subthreshold electrophysiological properties. Lower L2/3 PyrCs receive increased input from L4, while upper L2/3 PyrCs receive a larger proportion of intralaminar input. In vivo calcium imaging revealed a systematic change in visual responsiveness, with deeper PyrCs showing more robust responses than superficial PyrCs. Furthermore, deeper PyrCs are more driven by contralateral than ipsilateral eye stimulation. Importantly, the property value transitions are gradual, and L2/3 PyrCs do not display discrete subtypes based on these parameters. Therefore, L2/3 PyrCs' multiple functional and structural properties systematically correlate with their depth, forming a continuum rather than discrete subtypes., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.)
- Published
- 2023
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25. Orientation and direction tuning align with dendritic morphology and spatial connectivity in mouse visual cortex.
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Weiler S, Guggiana Nilo D, Bonhoeffer T, Hübener M, Rose T, and Scheuss V
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- Animals, Dendrites, Mice, Neurons physiology, Pyramidal Cells physiology, Neural Inhibition physiology, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
The functional properties of neocortical pyramidal cells (PCs), such as direction and orientation selectivity in visual cortex, predominantly derive from their excitatory and inhibitory inputs. For layer 2/3 (L2/3) PCs, the detailed relationship between their functional properties and how they sample and integrate information across cortical space is not fully understood. Here, we study this relationship by combining functional in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, in vitro functional circuit mapping, and dendritic reconstruction of the same L2/3 PCs in mouse visual cortex. Our work reveals direct correlations between dendritic morphology and functional input connectivity and the orientation as well as direction tuning of L2/3 PCs. First, the apical dendritic tree is elongated along the postsynaptic preferred orientation, considering the representation of visual space in the cortex as determined by its retinotopic organization. Additionally, sharply orientation-tuned cells show a less complex apical tree compared with broadly tuned cells. Second, in direction-selective L2/3 PCs, the spatial distribution of presynaptic partners is offset from the soma opposite to the preferred direction. Importantly, although the presynaptic excitatory and inhibitory input distributions spatially overlap on average, the excitatory input distribution is spatially skewed along the preferred direction, in contrast to the inhibitory distribution. Finally, the degree of asymmetry is positively correlated with the direction selectivity of the postsynaptic L2/3 PC. These results show that the dendritic architecture and the spatial arrangement of excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic cells of L2/3 PCs play important roles in shaping their orientation and direction tuning., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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26. Mouse visual cortex areas represent perceptual and semantic features of learned visual categories.
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Goltstein PM, Reinert S, Bonhoeffer T, and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Calcium Signaling physiology, Conditioning, Operant, Discrimination, Psychological, GABA Agonists pharmacology, Generalization, Psychological, Male, Memory, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscimol pharmacology, Neocortex physiology, Neuronal Plasticity physiology, Photic Stimulation, Recruitment, Neurophysiological, Learning physiology, Visual Cortex physiology, Visual Perception physiology
- Abstract
Associative memories are stored in distributed networks extending across multiple brain regions. However, it is unclear to what extent sensory cortical areas are part of these networks. Using a paradigm for visual category learning in mice, we investigated whether perceptual and semantic features of learned category associations are already represented at the first stages of visual information processing in the neocortex. Mice learned categorizing visual stimuli, discriminating between categories and generalizing within categories. Inactivation experiments showed that categorization performance was contingent on neuronal activity in the visual cortex. Long-term calcium imaging in nine areas of the visual cortex identified changes in feature tuning and category tuning that occurred during this learning process, most prominently in the postrhinal area (POR). These results provide evidence for the view that associative memories form a brain-wide distributed network, with learning in early stages shaping perceptual representations and supporting semantic content downstream., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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27. Spaced training enhances memory and prefrontal ensemble stability in mice.
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Glas A, Hübener M, Bonhoeffer T, and Goltstein PM
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- Animals, Learning, Mice, Neurons physiology, Prefrontal Cortex physiology
- Abstract
It is commonly acknowledged that memory is substantially improved when learning is distributed over time, an effect called the "spacing effect". So far it has not been studied how spaced learning affects the neuronal ensembles presumably underlying memory. In the present study, we investigate whether trial spacing increases the stability or size of neuronal ensembles. Mice were trained in the "everyday memory" task, an appetitive, naturalistic, delayed matching-to-place task. Spacing trials by 60 min produced more robust memories than training with shorter or longer intervals. c-Fos labeling and chemogenetic inactivation established the involvement of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) in successful memory storage. In vivo calcium imaging of excitatory dmPFC neurons revealed that longer trial spacing increased the similarity of the population activity pattern on subsequent encoding trials and upon retrieval. Conversely, trial spacing did not affect the size of the total neuronal ensemble or the size of subpopulations dedicated to specific task-related behaviors and events. Thus, spaced learning promotes reactivation of prefrontal neuronal ensembles processing episodic-like memories., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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28. Limited functional convergence of eye-specific inputs in the retinogeniculate pathway of the mouse.
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Bauer J, Weiler S, Fernholz MHP, Laubender D, Scheuss V, Hübener M, Bonhoeffer T, and Rose T
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- Animals, Geniculate Bodies physiology, Mice, Retinal Ganglion Cells physiology, Visual Pathways physiology, Functional Laterality physiology, Geniculate Bodies cytology, Retinal Ganglion Cells cytology, Vision, Binocular physiology, Visual Pathways cytology
- Abstract
Segregation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons by type and eye of origin is considered a hallmark of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) structure. However, recent anatomical studies have shown that neurons in mouse dLGN receive input from multiple RGC types of both retinae. Whether convergent input leads to relevant functional interactions is unclear. We studied functional eye-specific retinogeniculate convergence using dual-color optogenetics in vitro. dLGN neurons were strongly dominated by input from one eye. Most neurons received detectable input from the non-dominant eye, but this input was weak, with a prominently reduced AMPAR:NMDAR ratio. Consistent with this, only a small fraction of thalamocortical neurons was binocular in vivo across visual stimuli and cortical projection layers. Anatomical overlap between RGC axons and dLGN neuron dendrites alone did not explain the strong bias toward monocularity. We conclude that functional eye-specific input selection and refinement limit convergent interactions in dLGN, favoring monocularity., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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29. Distributed chromatic processing at the interface between retina and brain in the larval zebrafish.
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Guggiana Nilo DA, Riegler C, Hübener M, and Engert F
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- Animals, Brain, Larva, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Superior Colliculi, Visual Pathways, Retina, Zebrafish
- Abstract
Larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an ideal organism for studying color vision, as their retina possesses four types of cone photoreceptors, covering most of the visible range and into the UV.
1 , 2 Additionally, their eye and nervous systems are accessible to imaging, given that they are naturally transparent.3-5 Recent studies have found that, through a set of wavelength-range-specific horizontal, bipolar, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),6-9 the eye relays tetrachromatic information to several retinorecipient areas (RAs).10-13 The main RA is the optic tectum, receiving 97% of the RGC axons via the neuropil mass termed arborization field 10 (AF10).14 , 15 Here, we aim to understand the processing of chromatic signals at the interface between RGCs and their major brain targets. We used 2-photon calcium imaging to separately measure the responses of RGCs and neurons in the brain to four different chromatic stimuli in awake animals. We find that chromatic information is widespread throughout the brain, with a large variety of responses among RGCs, and an even greater diversity in their targets. Specific combinations of response types are enriched in specific nuclei, but there is no single color processing structure. In the main interface in this pathway, the connection between AF10 and tectum, we observe key elements of neural processing, such as enhanced signal decorrelation and improved chromatic decoding.16 , 17 A richer stimulus set revealed that these enhancements occur in the context of a more distributed code in tectum, facilitating chromatic signal association in this small vertebrate brain., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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30. Mouse prefrontal cortex represents learned rules for categorization.
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Reinert S, Hübener M, Bonhoeffer T, and Goltstein PM
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- Animals, Female, Memory physiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons physiology, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex cytology, Time Factors, Learning physiology, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual physiology, Prefrontal Cortex physiology
- Abstract
The ability to categorize sensory stimuli is crucial for an animal's survival in a complex environment. Memorizing categories instead of individual exemplars enables greater behavioural flexibility and is computationally advantageous. Neurons that show category selectivity have been found in several areas of the mammalian neocortex
1-4 , but the prefrontal cortex seems to have a prominent role4,5 in this context. Specifically, in primates that are extensively trained on a categorization task, neurons in the prefrontal cortex rapidly and flexibly represent learned categories6,7 . However, how these representations first emerge in naive animals remains unexplored, leaving it unclear whether flexible representations are gradually built up as part of semantic memory or assigned more or less instantly during task execution8,9 . Here we investigate the formation of a neuronal category representation throughout the entire learning process by repeatedly imaging individual cells in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex. We show that mice readily learn rule-based categorization and generalize to novel stimuli. Over the course of learning, neurons in the prefrontal cortex display distinct dynamics in acquiring category selectivity and are differentially engaged during a later switch in rules. A subset of neurons selectively and uniquely respond to categories and reflect generalization behaviour. Thus, a category representation in the mouse prefrontal cortex is gradually acquired during learning rather than recruited ad hoc. This gradual process suggests that neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex are part of a specific semantic memory for visual categories.- Published
- 2021
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31. Visual Cortex: Binocular Matchmaking.
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La Chioma A and Hübener M
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- Animals, Humans, Neural Pathways, Photic Stimulation, Neurons physiology, Vision, Binocular physiology, Visual Cortex cytology, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
Most binocular neurons in the mammalian visual cortex show matched selectivity for light stimuli presented through either eye. A recent study tracked the responses of individual neurons in early visual cortex over time, revealing that matched binocular selectivity develops through major rearrangements of binocular visual circuits., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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32. Disparity Sensitivity and Binocular Integration in Mouse Visual Cortex Areas.
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La Chioma A, Bonhoeffer T, and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Eye Movements physiology, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neuroimaging, Photic Stimulation, Visual Fields, Visual Pathways physiology, Vision Disparity physiology, Vision, Binocular physiology, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
Binocular disparity, the difference between the two eyes' images, is a powerful cue to generate the 3D depth percept known as stereopsis. In primates, binocular disparity is processed in multiple areas of the visual cortex, with distinct contributions of higher areas to specific aspects of depth perception. Mice, too, can perceive stereoscopic depth, and neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) and higher-order, lateromedial (LM) and rostrolateral (RL) areas were found to be sensitive to binocular disparity. A detailed characterization of disparity tuning across mouse visual areas is lacking, however, and acquiring such data might help clarifying the role of higher areas for disparity processing and establishing putative functional correspondences to primate areas. We used two-photon calcium imaging in female mice to characterize the disparity tuning properties of neurons in visual areas V1, LM, and RL in response to dichoptically presented binocular gratings, as well as random dot correlograms (RDC). In all three areas, many neurons were tuned to disparity, showing strong response facilitation or suppression at optimal or null disparity, respectively, even in neurons classified as monocular by conventional ocular dominance (OD) measurements. Neurons in higher areas exhibited broader and more asymmetric disparity tuning curves compared with V1, as observed in primate visual cortex. Finally, we probed neurons' sensitivity to true stereo correspondence by comparing responses to correlated RDC (cRDC) and anticorrelated RDC (aRDC). Area LM, akin to primate ventral visual stream areas, showed higher selectivity for correlated stimuli and reduced anticorrelated responses, indicating higher-level disparity processing in LM compared with V1 and RL. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A major cue for inferring 3D depth is disparity between the two eyes' images. Investigating how binocular disparity is processed in the mouse visual system will not only help delineating the role of mouse higher areas for visual processing, but also shed light on how the mammalian brain computes stereopsis. We found that binocular integration is a prominent feature of mouse visual cortex, as many neurons are selectively and strongly modulated by binocular disparity. Comparison of responses to correlated and anticorrelated random dot correlograms (RDC) revealed that lateromedial area (LM) is more selective to correlated stimuli, while less sensitive to anticorrelated stimuli compared with primary visual cortex (V1) and rostrolateral area (RL), suggesting higher-level disparity processing in LM, resembling primate ventral visual stream areas., (Copyright © 2020 the authors.)
- Published
- 2020
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33. Area-Specific Mapping of Binocular Disparity across Mouse Visual Cortex.
- Author
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La Chioma A, Bonhoeffer T, and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Vision, Binocular physiology, Visual Cortex physiology, Visual Fields physiology, Visual Pathways physiology
- Abstract
Depth perception is a fundamental feature of many visual systems across species. It is relevant for crucial behaviors, like spatial orientation, prey capture, and predator detection. Binocular disparity, the difference between left and right eye images, is a powerful cue for depth perception, as it depends on an object's distance from the observer [1,2]. In primates, neurons sensitive to binocular disparity are found throughout most of the visual cortex, with distinct disparity tuning properties across primary and higher visual areas, suggesting specific roles of different higher areas for depth perception [1-3]. Mouse primary visual cortex (V1) has been shown to contain disparity-tuned neurons, similar to those found in other mammals [4,5], but it is unknown how binocular disparity is processed beyond V1 and whether it is differentially represented in higher areas. Beyond V1, higher-order, lateromedial (LM) and rostrolateral (RL) areas contain the largest representation of the binocular visual field [6,7], making them candidate areas for investigating downstream processing of binocular disparity in mouse visual cortex. In turn, comparison of disparity tuning across different mouse visual areas might help delineating their functional specializations, which are not well understood. We find clear differences in neurons' preferred disparities across areas, suggesting that higher visual area RL is specialized for encoding visual stimuli very close to the mouse. Moreover, disparity preference is related to visual field elevation, likely reflecting an adaptation to natural image statistics. Our results reveal ethologically relevant areal specializations for binocular disparity processing across mouse visual cortex., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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34. Benchmarking miniaturized microscopy against two-photon calcium imaging using single-cell orientation tuning in mouse visual cortex.
- Author
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Glas A, Hübener M, Bonhoeffer T, and Goltstein PM
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- Animals, Mice, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton methods, Neuropil cytology, Visual Cortex cytology, Calcium metabolism, Calcium Signaling physiology, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton instrumentation, Microtechnology, Neuropil metabolism, Photic Stimulation, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
Miniaturized microscopes are lightweight imaging devices that allow optical recordings from neurons in freely moving animals over the course of weeks. Despite their ubiquitous use, individual neuronal responses measured with these microscopes have not been directly compared to those obtained with established in vivo imaging techniques such as bench-top two-photon microscopes. To achieve this, we performed calcium imaging in mouse primary visual cortex while presenting animals with drifting gratings. We identified the same neurons in image stacks acquired with both microscopy methods and quantified orientation tuning of individual neurons. The response amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of calcium transients recorded upon visual stimulation were highly correlated between both microscopy methods, although influenced by neuropil contamination in miniaturized microscopy. Tuning properties, calculated for individual orientation tuned neurons, were strongly correlated between imaging techniques. Thus, neuronal tuning features measured with a miniaturized microscope are quantitatively similar to those obtained with a two-photon microscope., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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35. Food and water restriction lead to differential learning behaviors in a head-fixed two-choice visual discrimination task for mice.
- Author
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Goltstein PM, Reinert S, Glas A, Bonhoeffer T, and Hübener M
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- Animal Welfare, Animals, Conditioning, Operant physiology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Restraint, Physical instrumentation, Restraint, Physical methods, Behavior, Animal physiology, Choice Behavior physiology, Discrimination Learning physiology, Food Deprivation physiology, Pattern Recognition, Visual physiology, Thirst physiology
- Abstract
Head-fixed behavioral tasks can provide important insights into cognitive processes in rodents. Despite the widespread use of this experimental approach, there is only limited knowledge of how differences in task parameters, such as motivational incentives, affect overall task performance. Here, we provide a detailed methodological description of the setup and procedures for training mice efficiently on a two-choice lick left/lick right visual discrimination task. We characterize the effects of two distinct restriction regimens, i.e. food and water restriction, on animal wellbeing, activity patterns, task acquisition, and performance. While we observed reduced behavioral activity during the period of food and water restriction, the average animal discomfort scores remained in the 'sub-threshold' and 'mild' categories throughout the experiment, irrespective of the restriction regimen. We found that the type of restriction significantly influenced specific aspects of task acquisition and engagement, i.e. the number of sessions until the learning criterion was reached and the number of trials performed per session, but it did not affect maximum learning curve performance. These results indicate that the choice of restriction paradigm does not strongly affect animal wellbeing, but it can have a significant effect on how mice perform in a task., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
36. High-yield in vitro recordings from neurons functionally characterized in vivo.
- Author
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Weiler S, Bauer J, Hübener M, Bonhoeffer T, Rose T, and Scheuss V
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Molecular Biology methods, Staining and Labeling methods, Calcium Signaling, Cell Separation methods, Intravital Microscopy methods, Neurons physiology, Optical Imaging methods
- Abstract
In vivo two-photon calcium imaging provides detailed information about the activity and response properties of individual neurons. However, in vitro methods are often required to study the underlying neuronal connectivity and physiology at the cellular and synaptic levels at high resolution. This protocol provides a fast and reliable workflow for combining the two approaches by characterizing the response properties of individual neurons in mice in vivo using genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), followed by retrieval of the same neurons in brain slices for further analysis in vitro (e.g., circuit mapping). In this approach, a reference frame is provided by fluorescent-bead tracks and sparsely transduced neurons expressing a structural marker in order to re-identify the same neurons. The use of GECIs provides a substantial advancement over previous approaches by allowing for repeated in vivo imaging. This opens the possibility of directly correlating experience-dependent changes in neuronal activity and feature selectivity with changes in neuronal connectivity and physiology. This protocol requires expertise both in in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and in vitro electrophysiology. It takes 3 weeks or more to complete, depending on the time allotted for repeated in vivo imaging of neuronal activity.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Lateral geniculate neurons projecting to primary visual cortex show ocular dominance plasticity in adult mice.
- Author
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Jaepel J, Hübener M, Bonhoeffer T, and Rose T
- Subjects
- Animals, Blindness pathology, Feedback, Sensory physiology, GABA Agonists pharmacology, Geniculate Bodies drug effects, Male, Mice, Muscimol pharmacology, Neuronal Plasticity drug effects, Neurons drug effects, Neurons, Afferent physiology, Thalamus cytology, Thalamus physiology, Vision, Binocular physiology, Visual Pathways cytology, Visual Pathways physiology, Dominance, Ocular physiology, Geniculate Bodies cytology, Geniculate Bodies physiology, Neuronal Plasticity physiology, Neurons physiology, Visual Cortex cytology, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
Experience-dependent plasticity in the mature visual system is widely considered to be cortical. Using chronic two-photon Ca
2+ imaging of thalamic afferents in layer 1 of binocular visual cortex, we provide evidence against this tenet: the respective dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) cells showed pronounced ocular dominance (OD) shifts after monocular deprivation in adult mice. Most (86%), but not all, of dLGN cell boutons were monocular during normal visual experience. Following deprivation, initially deprived-eye-dominated boutons reduced or lost their visual responsiveness to that eye and frequently became responsive to the non-deprived eye. This cannot be explained by eye-specific cortical changes propagating to dLGN via cortico-thalamic feedback because the shift in dLGN responses was largely resistant to cortical inactivation using the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol. Our data suggest that OD shifts observed in the binocular visual cortex of adult mice may at least partially reflect plasticity of eye-specific inputs onto dLGN neurons.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Neurobiology: Synapses get together for vision.
- Author
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Rose T and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Brain, Humans, Neurobiology, Synapses
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Interactions between synaptic homeostatic mechanisms: an attempt to reconcile BCM theory, synaptic scaling, and changing excitation/inhibition balance.
- Author
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Keck T, Hübener M, and Bonhoeffer T
- Subjects
- Animals, Neural Inhibition physiology, Homeostasis, Long-Term Potentiation physiology, Neuronal Plasticity physiology, Neurons physiology, Synapses physiology
- Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is proposed to be mediated by synaptic changes, such as synaptic scaling and shifts in the excitation/inhibition balance. These mechanisms are thought to be separate from the Bienenstock, Cooper, Munro (BCM) learning rule, where the threshold for the induction of long-term potentiation and long-term depression slides in response to changes in activity levels. Yet, both sets of mechanisms produce a homeostatic response of a relative increase (or decrease) in strength of excitatory synapses in response to overall activity-level changes. Here we review recent studies, with a focus on in vivo experiments, to re-examine the overlap and differences between these two mechanisms and we suggest how they may interact to facilitate firing-rate homeostasis, while maintaining functional properties of neurons., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity: the current state of the field and future research directions.
- Author
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Keck T, Toyoizumi T, Chen L, Doiron B, Feldman DE, Fox K, Gerstner W, Haydon PG, Hübener M, Lee HK, Lisman JE, Rose T, Sengpiel F, Stellwagen D, Stryker MP, Turrigiano GG, and van Rossum MC
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Brain physiology, Homeostasis, Neuronal Plasticity
- Abstract
We summarize here the results presented and subsequent discussion from the meeting on Integrating Hebbian and Homeostatic Plasticity at the Royal Society in April 2016. We first outline the major themes and results presented at the meeting. We next provide a synopsis of the outstanding questions that emerged from the discussion at the end of the meeting and finally suggest potential directions of research that we believe are most promising to develop an understanding of how these two forms of plasticity interact to facilitate functional changes in the brain.This article is part of the themed issue 'Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity'., (© 2017 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Variance and invariance of neuronal long-term representations.
- Author
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Clopath C, Bonhoeffer T, Hübener M, and Rose T
- Subjects
- Animals, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Models, Neurological, Neuronal Plasticity, Optical Phenomena, Single-Cell Analysis, Behavior, Learning, Neurons physiology, Sensation, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
The brain extracts behaviourally relevant sensory input to produce appropriate motor output. On the one hand, our constantly changing environment requires this transformation to be plastic. On the other hand, plasticity is thought to be balanced by mechanisms ensuring constancy of neuronal representations in order to achieve stable behavioural performance. Yet, prominent changes in synaptic strength and connectivity also occur during normal sensory experience, indicating a certain degree of constitutive plasticity. This raises the question of how stable neuronal representations are on the population level and also on the single neuron level. Here, we review recent data from longitudinal electrophysiological and optical recordings of single-cell activity that assess the long-term stability of neuronal stimulus selectivities under conditions of constant sensory experience, during learning, and after reversible modification of sensory input. The emerging picture is that neuronal representations are stabilized by behavioural relevance and that the degree of long-term tuning stability and perturbation resistance directly relates to the functional role of the respective neurons, cell types and circuits. Using a 'toy' model, we show that stable baseline representations and precise recovery from perturbations in visual cortex could arise from a 'backbone' of strong recurrent connectivity between similarly tuned cells together with a small number of 'anchor' neurons exempt from plastic changes.This article is part of the themed issue 'Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity'., (© 2017 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Erratum: Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits.
- Author
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Falkner S, Grade S, Dimou L, Conzelmann KK, Bonhoeffer T, Götz M, and Hübener M
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits.
- Author
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Falkner S, Grade S, Dimou L, Conzelmann KK, Bonhoeffer T, Götz M, and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Axons metabolism, Cell Differentiation, Cell Tracking, Dendritic Spines metabolism, Efferent Pathways, Mice, Neocortex physiology, Neurons cytology, Presynaptic Terminals metabolism, Pyramidal Cells cytology, Pyramidal Cells physiology, Visual Cortex physiology, Embryo, Mammalian cytology, Neocortex cytology, Neural Pathways, Neurons physiology, Neurons transplantation, Visual Cortex cytology
- Abstract
The ability of the adult mammalian brain to compensate for neuronal loss caused by injury or disease is very limited. Transplantation aims to replace lost neurons, but the extent to which new neurons can integrate into existing circuits is unknown. Here, using chronic in vivo two-photon imaging, we show that embryonic neurons transplanted into the visual cortex of adult mice mature into bona fide pyramidal cells with selective pruning of basal dendrites, achieving adult-like densities of dendritic spines and axonal boutons within 4-8 weeks. Monosynaptic tracing experiments reveal that grafted neurons receive area-specific, afferent inputs matching those of pyramidal neurons in the normal visual cortex, including topographically organized geniculo-cortical connections. Furthermore, stimulus-selective responses refine over the course of many weeks and finally become indistinguishable from those of host neurons. Thus, grafted neurons can integrate with great specificity into neocortical circuits that normally never incorporate new neurons in the adult brain.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Cell-specific restoration of stimulus preference after monocular deprivation in the visual cortex.
- Author
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Rose T, Jaepel J, Hübener M, and Bonhoeffer T
- Subjects
- Animals, Calcium analysis, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 genetics, Mice, Neuroimaging methods, Neurons physiology, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Proteins genetics, Sensory Deprivation physiology, Single-Cell Analysis methods, Visual Cortex cytology, Dominance, Ocular physiology, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
Monocular deprivation evokes a prominent shift of neuronal responses in the visual cortex toward the open eye, accompanied by functional and structural synaptic rearrangements. This shift is reversible, but it is unknown whether the recovery happens at the level of individual neurons or whether it reflects a population effect. We used ratiometric Ca(2+) imaging to follow the activity of the same excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in the mouse visual cortex over months during repeated episodes of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. We observed robust shifts toward the open eye in most neurons. Nevertheless, these cells faithfully returned to their pre-deprivation OD during binocular recovery. Moreover, the initial network correlation structure was largely recovered, suggesting that functional connectivity may be regained despite prominent experience-dependent plasticity., (Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Intrinsic Optical Imaging of Functional Map Development in Mammalian Visual Cortex.
- Author
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Bonhoeffer T and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Animals, Mammals, Brain Mapping methods, Optical Imaging methods, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
Here we describe how intrinsic imaging of the visual cortex can be used as a chronic technique. This method allows the time course of the development of cortical maps to be studied in a single animal during a period of up to 1 yr., (© 2016 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Selective Persistence of Sensorimotor Mismatch Signals in Visual Cortex of Behaving Alzheimer's Disease Mice.
- Author
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Liebscher S, Keller GB, Goltstein PM, Bonhoeffer T, and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Neuroimaging methods, Alzheimer Disease physiopathology, Visual Cortex physiopathology
- Abstract
Neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect the structure and function of neurons [1-4], resulting in altered neuronal activity patterns comprising neuronal hypo- and hyperactivity [5, 6] and causing the disruption of long-range projections [7, 8]. Impaired information processing between functionally connected brain areas is evident in defective visuomotor integration, an early sign of the disease [9-11]. The cellular and neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying this disruption of information processing in AD, however, remain elusive. Recent studies in mice suggest that visuomotor integration already occurs in primary visual cortex (V1), as it not only processes sensory input but also exhibits strong motor-related activity, likely driven by neuromodulatory or excitatory inputs [12-17]. Here, we probed the integration of visual-and motor-related-inputs in V1 of behaving APP/PS1 [18] mice, a well-characterized mouse model of AD, using two-photon calcium imaging. We find that sensorimotor signals in APP/PS1 mice are differentially affected: while visually driven and motor-related signals are strongly reduced, neuronal responses signaling a mismatch between expected and actual visual flow are selectively spared. We furthermore observe an increase in aberrant activity during quiescent states in APP/PS1 mice. Jointly, the reduction in running-correlated activity and the enhanced aberrant activity degrade the coding accuracy of the network, indicating that the impairment of visuomotor integration in AD is already taking place at early stages of visual processing., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A Division of Light and Dark in the Visual Cortex.
- Author
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Goltstein PM and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Animals, Evoked Potentials, Visual physiology, Neurons physiology, Visual Cortex physiology, Visual Pathways physiology, Visual Perception physiology
- Abstract
The fate of ON-OFF receptive field segregation in the visual cortex has long eluded scrutiny. In this issue of Neuron, Smith et al. (2015) now reveal the intricate relationship between luminance polarity and orientation selectivity in the upper layers of ferret visual cortex., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Neuronal plasticity: beyond the critical period.
- Author
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Hübener M and Bonhoeffer T
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain cytology, Brain growth & development, Critical Period, Psychological, Dominance, Ocular, Humans, Species Specificity, Brain physiology, Neocortex physiology, Neuronal Plasticity
- Abstract
Neuronal plasticity in the brain is greatly enhanced during critical periods early in life and was long thought to be rather limited thereafter. Studies in primary sensory areas of the neocortex have revealed a substantial degree of plasticity in the mature brain, too. Often, plasticity in the adult neocortex lies dormant but can be reactivated by modifications of sensory input or sensory-motor interactions, which alter the level and pattern of activity in cortical circuits. Such interventions, potentially in combination with drugs targeting molecular brakes on plasticity present in the adult brain, might help recovery of function in the injured or diseased brain.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Chronic calcium imaging of neurons in the mouse visual cortex using a troponin C-based indicator.
- Author
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Santos AF and Hübener M
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Neurons chemistry, Time Factors, Visual Cortex chemistry, Calcium analysis, Calcium Signaling, Indicators and Reagents analysis, Neurons physiology, Optical Imaging methods, Troponin C analysis, Visual Cortex physiology
- Abstract
This protocol describes the use of the genetically encoded troponin C-based calcium indicator TN-XXL to chronically monitor the functional properties of single neocortical neurons in the mouse visual cortex. A cranial window is implanted over the brain of a mouse expressing TN-XXL in pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex. Several days later, the visual cortex is mapped and photographed to facilitate repeated imaging of the same region using two-photon microscopy. Initial two-photon imaging may be done ∼2 wk after the window is implanted. We show the application of this technique for long-term in vivo imaging of stimulus response properties. Beyond providing functional information, long-term imaging of TN-XXL-labeled neurons also enables the simultaneous monitoring of structural properties down to the level of single dendritic spines.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Two-photon calcium imaging in mice navigating a virtual reality environment.
- Author
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Leinweber M, Zmarz P, Buchmann P, Argast P, Hübener M, Bonhoeffer T, and Keller GB
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal physiology, Craniotomy methods, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Mice, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton instrumentation, User-Computer Interface, Calcium analysis, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton methods
- Abstract
In recent years, two-photon imaging has become an invaluable tool in neuroscience, as it allows for chronic measurement of the activity of genetically identified cells during behavior(1-6). Here we describe methods to perform two-photon imaging in mouse cortex while the animal navigates a virtual reality environment. We focus on the aspects of the experimental procedures that are key to imaging in a behaving animal in a brightly lit virtual environment. The key problems that arise in this experimental setup that we here address are: minimizing brain motion related artifacts, minimizing light leak from the virtual reality projection system, and minimizing laser induced tissue damage. We also provide sample software to control the virtual reality environment and to do pupil tracking. With these procedures and resources it should be possible to convert a conventional two-photon microscope for use in behaving mice.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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