39 results on '"Høgenhaven H"'
Search Results
2. Electroencephalography in dogs with epilepsy: similarities between human and canine findings
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Berendt, M., Høgenhaven, H., Flagstad, A., and Dam, M.
- Published
- 1999
3. ECG changes in epilepsy patients
- Author
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Tigaran, S., Rasmussen, V., Dam, M., Pedersen, S., HØgenhaven, H., and Friberg, B.
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- 1997
4. Consciousness and Epileptic Seizures: A Video Presentation
- Author
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Høgenhaven, H. and Alving, J.
- Published
- 1996
5. Væsentlige nyere udviklingsområder indenfor klinisk neurofysiologi
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Crone, C., Fuglsang-Frederiksen, A., and Høgenhaven, H.
- Published
- 2002
6. Neurologi.
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Waldemar, G., Boysen, G.M., Høgenhaven, H., Knudsen, G.M., Krarup, C., Olesen, J., Paulson, O.B., Sørensen, P.S, Vissing, J., Muckadell, O.B. Schaffalitzky de, Haunsø, S., Vilstrup, H., Waldemar, G., Boysen, G.M., Høgenhaven, H., Knudsen, G.M., Krarup, C., Olesen, J., Paulson, O.B., Sørensen, P.S, Vissing, J., Muckadell, O.B. Schaffalitzky de, Haunsø, S., and Vilstrup, H.
- Published
- 2009
7. Description and analysis of 12 years of surveillance for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in Denmark, 1997 to 2008
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Gubbels, S, primary, Bacci, S, additional, Laursen, H, additional, Høgenhaven, H, additional, Cowan, S, additional, Mølbak, K, additional, and Christiansen, M, additional
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Remifentanil-induced spike activity as a diagnostic tool in epilepsy surgery
- Author
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Grønlykke, L., primary, Knudsen, M. L., additional, Høgenhaven, H., additional, Moltke, F. B., additional, Madsen, F. F., additional, and Kjaer, T. W., additional
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- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Paradigmeskift i epilepsibehandlingen?
- Author
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Rogvi-Hansen, B A, Høgenhaven, H, Uldall, P V, Pedersen, B, Alving, J, Buchholt, J M, Dahl, M, Gram, L, Sabers, A, Knudsen, F U, Rogvi-Hansen, B A, Høgenhaven, H, Uldall, P V, Pedersen, B, Alving, J, Buchholt, J M, Dahl, M, Gram, L, Sabers, A, and Knudsen, F U
- Published
- 1998
10. Vigabatrin in childhood epilepsy:a 5-year follow-up study
- Author
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Uldall, P, Alving, J, Gram, L, Høgenhaven, H, Uldall, P, Alving, J, Gram, L, and Høgenhaven, H
- Abstract
In an retrospective uncontrolled long-term study in 30 children with intractable epilepsy, it was found that treatment with vigabatrin resulted in a seizure reduction of more than 50% at 1-year follow-up in 40% of the children. The responders were all children with partial seizures. Side effects were mild and did not lead to discontinuation of the drug. Increased numbers of seizures were seen in three cases. A moderate weight increase was seen in 27% of the children. At 5-year follow-up 7 children (23%) still maintained a seizure reduction of more than 50%. Trials of monotherapy in three seizure-free patients were unsuccessful. No further side effects were observed. A study of evoked potentials in 12 children showed no alteration in latency and amplitudes of VEP following treatment with vigabatrin. Our results show that in children vigabatrin seems to have a stable effect even though a few children may experience a breakthrough of seizures. The presented results together with previous reports on MRI-scans seem to indicate that even in children with a still maturing CNS vigabatrin is a safe drug.
- Published
- 1995
11. Vigabatrin in Childhood Epilepsy: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study
- Author
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Uldall, P., primary, Alving, J., additional, Gram, L., additional, and Høgenhaven, H., additional
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
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12. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy.
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Povlsen UJ, Wildschiødtz G, Høgenhaven H, Bolwig TG, Povlsen, Uffe Juul, Wildschiødtz, Gordon, Høgenhaven, Hans, and Bolwig, Tom Gert
- Published
- 2003
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13. Ego functions in epilepsy.
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Sørensen, A. S., Hansen, H., Høgenhaven, H., and Bolwig, T. G.
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- 1988
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- View/download PDF
14. Personality characteristics and epilepsy
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Sørensen, A S, Hansen, H, Andersen, R, Høgenhaven, H, Allerup, Peter N., Bolwig, T G, Sørensen, A S, Hansen, H, Andersen, R, Høgenhaven, H, Allerup, Peter N., and Bolwig, T G
- Abstract
Patients with a long history of temporal lobe epilepsy or primary generalized epilepsy entered a questionnaire study of personality characteristics, based on a modification of the Bear-Fedio inventory for temporal lobe behavioural syndrome. Psoriasis patients and healthy volunteers served as controls. Four clinical meaningful dimensions of included personality traits were identified: ixoide, ideational, obsessive-compulsive and affective features. Analyses based on the Rasch model approved of all dimensions except for affective features. The epilepsy group obtained the highest scores on all 3 dimensions, healthy volunteers the lowest, while the psoriasis group repeatedly held an intermediate position in all sets of assessment (subjects, interviewers and relatives). A logistic regression analysis showed ixoide features being most important when the entire epilepsy group was compared with other study groups, while the dimension ideational features was significant when the temporal lobe epilepsy group was entered as target group and opposed to primary generalized epilepsy. The intermediate position of the psoriasis group, however, suggests that in addition to the presence of a cerebral dysfunction in the epilepsy group, the mere presence of a chronic disorder with potential social stigmatization influences personality.
- Published
- 1989
15. Ego functions in epilepsy
- Author
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Sørensen, A S, Hansen, H, Høgenhaven, H, Bolwig, T G, Sørensen, A S, Hansen, H, Høgenhaven, H, and Bolwig, T G
- Abstract
Two groups of epilepsy patients (28 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 15 patients with primary generalized epilepsy) entered a study of personality traits related to epilepsy, based on a modification of Bellak's semistructured interview for assessment of ego strength. Two groups of subjects served as controls: 15 patients with a non-neurological but relapsing disorder, psoriasis, and 15 healthy volunteers. Compared with the group of healthy volunteers, a decreased adaptive level of ego functioning was found in the epilepsy groups, regardless of seizure types and EEG findings, and, to a lesser extent, compared with the psoriasis group. Areas of ego functioning most affected were "reality testing", "cognitive functioning", "integrative functioning" and "regulation and control of drives". Patients with more than one type of seizure were the most affected, as were patients who were younger than 15 years when the disease began. The number of anticonvulsants administered did not influence the results. No difference on adaptive level of ego functioning was found between the group with primary generalized epilepsy and the group with temporal lobe epilepsy. Similarly, the temporal lobe epilepsy group with predominantly right-sided and left-sided EEG changes, respectively, showed similar adaptive levels of ego functioning.
- Published
- 1988
16. Motor unit firing intervals and other parameters of electrical activity in normal and pathological muscle
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Fuglsang-Frederiksen, Anders, Smith, T, Høgenhaven, H, Fuglsang-Frederiksen, Anders, Smith, T, and Høgenhaven, H
- Abstract
The analysis of the firing intervals of motor units has been suggested as a diagnostic tool in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Part of the increase in number of turns seen in patients with myopathy could be secondary to the decrease in motor unit firing intervals at threshold force of the motor units, as noted in previous studies. In the brachial biceps muscle we have studied the firing intervals of 164 motor units in 14 controls, 140 motor units in 13 patients with myopathy and 86 motor units in 8 patients with neurogenic disorders, and related the findings to those of the turns analysis and the analysis of properties of individual motor unit potentials. To ensure comparable conditions we have examined motor unit firing intervals and turns at a force of 10% of maximum. The average of motor unit firing intervals and of interval variability was the same in controls and in patients, and the diagnostic yield of the motor unit firing intervals analysis was none. Although the number of turns increased with decreasing motor unit firing intervals, this relation was physiological rather than pathophysiological. In patients with neurogenic disorders, interval variability indicated unstable firing in severely affected muscles.
- Published
- 1987
17. 3-year experiences with surgical treatment of epilepsy at the Hvidovre hospital
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Rogvi-Hansen B, Alving J, Anders Fuglsang-Frederiksen, Dam M, Friberg L, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Gram L, Mg, Herning, Høgenhaven H, and Højgaard K
- Subjects
Adult ,Epilepsy ,Postoperative Complications ,Denmark ,Methods ,Brain ,Humans ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Follow-Up Studies ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
The results of a retrospective survey of 48 patients submitted to neurosurgery for medically intractable epilepsy are presented. Twenty-eight patients were treated with selective amygdalohippocampectomy, one with temporal lobe resection, 12 with anterior callosotomy and seven with a total callosotomy. Of the amygdalohippocampectomized patients and the one with temporal lobe resection (n = 29), 52% were seizure free, 17% experienced rare seizures, 7% had a worthwhile improvement while 24% observed no worthwhile improvement (follow-up time 6 to 36 months). Of the callosotomized patients, 11% were free from generalized seizures, 69% had a significant seizure reduction and 18% experienced no worthwhile improvement. The observed neurological complications were: one patient had hemianopia, one had superior quadrant anopia, four developed unilateral anosmia and one complete anosmia. The callosotomized patients, with two exceptions, were all mentally and physically handicapped. In the callosotomy group, two patients died, one from a intracerebral hematoma three months after the operation and another patient seven months postoperatively from unknown causes.
18. [Paradigmatic shift in the treatment of epilepsy?]
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Ba, Rogvi-Hansen, Høgenhaven H, Pv, Uldall, Pedersen B, Alving J, Jm, Buchholt, Dahl M, Gram L, Anne Sabers, and Fu, Knudsen
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Epilepsy ,Humans ,Anticonvulsants
19. Outcome of accidental hypothermia with or without circulatory arrest: Experience from the Danish Præstø Fjord boating accident.
- Author
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Wanscher M, Agersnap L, Ravn J, Yndgaard S, Nielsen JF, Danielsen ER, Hassager C, Romner B, Thomsen C, Barnung S, Lorentzen AG, Høgenhaven H, Davis M, and Møller JE
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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20. The diagnostic value of continuous EEG for the detection of non-convulsive status epilepticus in neurosurgical patients - A prospective cohort study.
- Author
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Krøigård T, Forsse A, Bülow K, Broesby J, Poulsen FR, Kjaer TW, and Høgenhaven H
- Abstract
Objective: To prospectively compare the diagnostic yields of standard EEG and continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring for the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit., Methods: We included 50 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of NCSE due to unexplained coma or subtle clinical phenomena such as discrete myoclonus. The initial 30-minute EEG recording and the following cEEG were analyzed separately for seizure activity. Data were collected on neurosurgical diagnosis, previous diagnosis of epilepsy, current medication, level of consciousness, and outcome at discharge from the neurosurgical department., Results: Recurrent electrographic seizure activity was detected in five patients. This was within the first 30 mins for three patients and on the following cEEG for two patients. Antiepileptic treatment had been initiated in three of these patients. Most of the 50 patients had severe newly acquired neurological disability at discharge., Conclusions: The prospective finding of a 10% seizure incidence was lower than reports from retrospective studies., Significance: Use of cEEG led to detection of seizure activity in 2 of 50 patients (4%) and was thus a low-yield method in neurosurgical patients with suspicion of NCSE. Specific markers for patient selection for cEEG are needed.
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- 2019
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21. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus: Validating the Salzburg Criteria Against an Expert EEG Examiner.
- Author
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Krogstad MH, Høgenhaven H, Beier CP, and Krøigård T
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain physiopathology, Clinical Competence, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Errors, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Status Epilepticus physiopathology, Electroencephalography methods, Status Epilepticus diagnosis
- Abstract
Purpose: Rapid and correct diagnosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is crucial for optimal treatment. However, electroencephalographic diagnosis can be challenging. Salzburg Consensus Criteria (SCC) have been proposed to facilitate correct diagnosis, but their validity needs to be further established., Methods: We retrospectively reanalyzed the first EEG in adult patients (n = 284) referred under the suspicion of NCSE at our institution in 2014. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus or possible NCSE was diagnosed according to the SCC by an examiner specifically trained in SCC and was compared with the original diagnosis made by an expert EEG examiner, which in this context served as the reference standard, to assess the validity of the criteria. Furthermore, the clinical outcome for patients not diagnosed using SCC (false-negatives) was examined., Results: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus or possible NCSE was diagnosed in 40 patients by the inexperienced reader using the SCC, blinded to other clinical data, and in 47 patients by the experienced reader, not blinded to the clinical data, who did not use SCC. There were eight false-negatives, one false-positive, 39 true-positives, and 236 true-negatives. Concordance between SCC and the reference standard was high (k = 0.88 [95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.96]). Four of the eight false-negatives suffered from anoxic encephalopathy. The remainder had a history of epilepsy and returned to preictal functional state., Conclusions: The SCC for NCSE implemented by an inexperienced EEG reader, blinded to all other data, yielded results highly concordant with the evaluation of EEG by an experienced reader. False-negative diagnoses were associated with postictal states or anoxic encephalopathy.
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- 2019
- Full Text
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22. A quantitative EEG and MRI analysis of intermittent temporal slowing in the elderly.
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Krøigård T, Christensen SD, and Høgenhaven H
- Abstract
Objective: Whereas the correlation between diffuse slowing of EEG activity and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease is well established, intermittent slowing over the temporal regions, which is a frequent finding in the elderly, does not have a specific clinical correlate. In this study, we compared quantitative EEG parameters between patients with temporal slowing with no signs of neurological disease and controls to evaluate cortical function in the temporal lobes and other cerebral regions. We also compared the width of the temporal lobes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)., Methods: Mean dominant frequency and relative power in delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands were examined in 20 patients older than 60 years with intermittent temporal slowing and 20 age-matched controls without significant lesions on MRI or medical conditions known to affect the EEG. Furthermore, the correlation between the frequency of temporal slowing and the mean dominant frequency and the width of the medial temporal lobes on MRI were examined., Results: Mean dominant frequency and the relative power in the beta frequency band was lower in patients with temporal slowing than in controls in all of the cortical regions examined. No significant correlation was found between the frequency of slowing and the mean dominant frequency. There was no significant difference in the width of the medial temporal lobes., Conclusions: Intermittent temporal slowing was correlated with diffusely reduced mean dominant frequency and a shift in relative power to lower frequency bands., Significance: The results suggest that subclinical diffuse cerebral pathology may be present in subjects with intermittent temporal slowing, but prospective studies including tests of cognitive function, cerebral perfusion, metabolic status, and advanced neuroimaging should be conducted.
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- 2018
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23. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood and a pathogenic variant of ATP1A3: a case report and pathophysiological considerations.
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Pavlidis E, Uldall P, Gøbel Madsen C, Nikanorova M, Fabricius M, Høgenhaven H, Pisani F, Møller RS, Gardella E, and Rubboli G
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- Child, Preschool, Epilepsy physiopathology, Hemiplegia physiopathology, Humans, Male, Epilepsy genetics, Hemiplegia genetics, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase genetics
- Abstract
We describe a case of a child suffering from alternating hemiplegia with a heterozygous p. E815K pathogenic variant of ATP1A3. The patient started to present abnormal eye movements in the first days of life, followed by the appearance at 2 months of dystonic episodes, and later on, by recurrent episodes of alternating hemiplegia more often on the right side. A severe epilepsy started at the age of 2 years with episodes of status epilepticus since the onset which frequently recurred, requiring admission to the intensive care unit. MRI showed bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis and a left-sided ischaemic lesion. Interictal EEG showed bilateral abnormalities, whereas postictal EEG after status epilepticus showed overt slowing on the left side, suggesting a predominant involvement of ictal activity of the left hemisphere. We hypothesize that in our patient, the left hemisphere might have been more prominently affected by the pathogenetic abnormalities underlying alternating hemiplegia of childhood, rendering it more prone to early ischaemic lesions and recurrent unilateral status epilepticus. We speculate whether alternating hemiplegia of childhood shares some common pathophysiological mechanisms with familial hemiplegic migraine that may be associated with a pathogenic variant of ATP1A2.
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- 2017
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24. Danish experience with paediatric epilepsy surgery.
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von Celsing Underbjerg E, Hoei-Hansen CE, Madsen FF, Madsen CG, Høgenhaven H, and Uldall P
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- Adolescent, Brain Neoplasms etiology, Brain Neoplasms surgery, Child, Child, Preschool, Denmark, Drug Resistant Epilepsy complications, Drug Resistant Epilepsy pathology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Frontal Lobe surgery, Gyrus Cinguli pathology, Humans, Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Malformations of Cortical Development etiology, Reoperation statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Sclerosis etiology, Seizures etiology, Temporal Lobe surgery, Treatment Outcome, Brain surgery, Drug Resistant Epilepsy surgery, Seizures surgery
- Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy surgery is increasingly used to treat children with medically intractable epilepsy. This study investigates the aetiology and seizure outcome in Danish children operated between 1996 and 2010., Methods: Retrospectively collected data on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnoses, surgical procedures and seizure outcomes classified according to the Engel Classification were used. Changes over time grouped as 1996-2000, 2001-2005 and 2006-2010 were analysed., Results: A total of 95 children underwent epilepsy surgery. Sixty-three operations were performed in Denmark and 50 abroad. In all, 14 children needed reoperation. The median follow-up period was four years. At the latest follow-up, Engel class I (indicating no disabling seizures) was found in 67% of the patients. Cortical dysplasia, mesial temporal sclerosis and tumour were the most common MRI findings. The percentage of tumours operated decreased over time, and frontal lobe resections increased. In the 2006-2010 period, resections with normal MRI were performed, resulting in a less favourable Engel outcome. Persistent, unexpected complications were seen in three of 113 operations., Conclusions: The majority of children who undergo epilepsy surgery have a good, worthwhile seizure outcome. The seizure outcome for Danish children corresponds to that of other epilepsy surgery centres. The clinical criteria for selection of patients changed over time., Funding: none., Trial Registration: The Danish Data Protection Agency approved the project with record number: 2013-41-2459.
- Published
- 2015
25. Heart rate variability in infants with West syndrome.
- Author
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Møller MM, Høgenhaven H, Uldall P, and Ballegaard M
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, Electrocardiography, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Retrospective Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric, Heart Rate physiology, Spasms, Infantile physiopathology
- Abstract
Purpose: West syndrome (WS) is a severe age-related acute epileptic encephalopathy of infancy characterized by infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia and psychomotor delay. The aim of this study was to investigate if patients with WS had an altered autonomic output to the heart., Methods: In 23 patients with WS the heart rate variability (HRV) was investigated by examining time- and frequency-domain parameters of HRV at the time of the diagnosis of hypsarrhythmia and compared to 22 age-matched controls. For the WS patients the same dataset was obtained and compared again at the end of the study period, when hypsarrhythmia was no longer present., Results: Compared to controls, patients with WS during hypsarrhythmia had significantly lower SDNN (the standard deviation of the NN interval, i.e. the square root of variance) (19.2 ms; p = 0.007, Mann-Whitney's U-Test) and total power (242 ms(2); p = 0.044, Mann-Whitney's U-Test) in the awake state, indicating an abnormal autonomic output to the heart. Comparing the initial to the final examination demonstrated a significant increase in the HRV parameters SDNN (31.3 ms) and total power (757 ms(2); p = 0.001 and p = 0.013, Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test). In addition, at the final examination the WS-patients no longer differed significantly from the controls., Conclusion: Our data suggest that the initial reduction in HRV in patients at the time of onset of WS is transient and related to the presence of hypsarrhythmia., (Copyright © 2015 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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26. Incidence and mechanisms of cardiorespiratory arrests in epilepsy monitoring units (MORTEMUS): a retrospective study.
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Ryvlin P, Nashef L, Lhatoo SD, Bateman LM, Bird J, Bleasel A, Boon P, Crespel A, Dworetzky BA, Høgenhaven H, Lerche H, Maillard L, Malter MP, Marchal C, Murthy JM, Nitsche M, Pataraia E, Rabben T, Rheims S, Sadzot B, Schulze-Bonhage A, Seyal M, So EL, Spitz M, Szucs A, Tan M, Tao JX, and Tomson T
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- Adult, Australia epidemiology, Child, Death, Sudden, Cardiac epidemiology, Epilepsy epidemiology, Epilepsy physiopathology, Europe epidemiology, Female, Heart Arrest epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Israel epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, New Zealand epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Seizures epidemiology, Seizures physiopathology, Young Adult, Death, Sudden, Cardiac etiology, Epilepsy complications, Heart Arrest physiopathology, Hospital Units statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in people with chronic refractory epilepsy. Very rarely, SUDEP occurs in epilepsy monitoring units, providing highly informative data for its still elusive pathophysiology. The MORTEMUS study expanded these data through comprehensive evaluation of cardiorespiratory arrests encountered in epilepsy monitoring units worldwide., Methods: Between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 29, 2009, we did a systematic retrospective survey of epilepsy monitoring units located in Europe, Israel, Australia, and New Zealand, to retrieve data for all cardiorespiratory arrests recorded in these units and estimate their incidence. Epilepsy monitoring units from other regions were invited to report similar cases to further explore the mechanisms. An expert panel reviewed data, including video electroencephalogram (VEEG) and electrocardiogram material at the time of cardiorespiratory arrests whenever available., Findings: 147 (92%) of 160 units responded to the survey. 29 cardiorespiratory arrests, including 16 SUDEP (14 at night), nine near SUDEP, and four deaths from other causes, were reported. Cardiorespiratory data, available for ten cases of SUDEP, showed a consistent and previously unrecognised pattern whereby rapid breathing (18-50 breaths per min) developed after secondary generalised tonic-clonic seizure, followed within 3 min by transient or terminal cardiorespiratory dysfunction. Where transient, this dysfunction later recurred with terminal apnoea occurring within 11 min of the end of the seizure, followed by cardiac arrest. SUDEP incidence in adult epilepsy monitoring units was 5·1 (95% CI 2·6-9·2) per 1000 patient-years, with a risk of 1·2 (0·6-2·1) per 10,000 VEEG monitorings, probably aggravated by suboptimum supervision and possibly by antiepileptic drug withdrawal., Interpretation: SUDEP in epilepsy monitoring units primarily follows an early postictal, centrally mediated, severe alteration of respiratory and cardiac function induced by generalised tonic-clonic seizure, leading to immediate death or a short period of partly restored cardiorespiratory function followed by terminal apnoea then cardiac arrest. Improved supervision is warranted in epilepsy monitoring units, in particular during night time., Funding: Commission of European Affairs of the International League Against Epilepsy., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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27. Clinical course and variability of non-Rasmussen, nonstroke motor and sensory epilepsia partialis continua: a European survey and analysis of 65 cases.
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Mameniskiene R, Bast T, Bentes C, Canevini MP, Dimova P, Granata T, Høgenhaven H, Jakubi BJ, Marusic P, Melikyan G, Michelucci R, Mukhin KY, Oehl B, Ragona F, Rossetti AO, Rubboli G, Schubert S, Stephani U, Strobel J, Vignoli A, Zarubova J, and Wolf P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Epilepsia Partialis Continua physiopathology, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Data Collection methods, Encephalitis, Epilepsia Partialis Continua epidemiology, Epilepsia Partialis Continua therapy, Stroke
- Abstract
Purpose: To gain new insights into the clinical presentation, causes, treatment and prognosis of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), and to develop hypotheses to be tested in a prospective investigation., Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, all cases were included that fulfilled these criteria: constantly repeated fragments of epileptic seizures, with preserved consciousness, lasting ≥ 1 h and representing locally restricted motor or sensory epileptic activity. Single episodes were included when they lasted for a minimum of 1 day. EPC with Rasmussen syndrome and acute stroke were excluded., Key Findings: Three time courses with two subtypes each were distinguished, that is, EPC as a solitary event (de novo or in preexistent epilepsy); chronic repetitive nonprogressive EPC (with frequent or rare episodes); and chronic persistent nonprogressive EPC (primarily or evolving out of an episodic course). These were unrelated to etiologies (morphologic lesions 34%, inflammatory 29%, systemic disorders 9%, idiopathic 5%, unknown 23%). Precipitation and inhibition of seizures is a frequent feature of EPC. Levetiracetam and topiramate have improved the possibilities for pharmacotherapy. Topiramate seems to be particularly effective with dysontogenetic etiologies., Significance: The existence of several clearly distinct courses of nonprogressive EPC is a new finding. These distinctions will be further investigated in a prospective study with precise protocols for electroencephalography (EEG), imaging, and other studies. This should better establish the relation of motor and somatosensory EPC; further clarify the relations, pathogenesis, and significance of the different types and their etiologies; and possibly identify more semiologic variants. It should also provide more precise knowledge about therapy and modification of ictogenesis by external stimuli., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2011 International League Against Epilepsy.)
- Published
- 2011
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28. Cognitive performance, symptoms and counter-regulation during hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and high or low renin-angiotensin system activity.
- Author
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Høi-Hansen T, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Andersen RD, Kristensen PL, Thomsen C, Kjaer T, Høgenhaven H, Smed A, Holst JJ, Dela F, Boomsma F, and Thorsteinsson B
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cognition physiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications, Electroencephalography drug effects, Evoked Potentials, Auditory drug effects, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemia etiology, Insulin blood, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 physiopathology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 psychology, Hypoglycemia physiopathology, Renin-Angiotensin System physiology
- Abstract
Introduction: High basal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity is associated with increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes. We tested whether this might be explained by more pronounced cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia in patients with high RAS activity than in patients with low RAS activity., Materials and Methods: Nine patients with type 1 diabetes and high and nine with low RAS activity were subjected to hypoglycaemia and euglycaemia in a cross-over study using an intravenous insulin infusion protocol. Cognitive function, electroencephalography, auditory evoked potentials and hypoglycaemic symptoms were recorded., Results: At a hypoglycaemic nadir of 2.2 (SD 0.3) mmol/L the high RAS group displayed significant deterioration in cognitive performance during hypoglycaemia in the three most complex reaction time tasks. In the low RAS group, hypoglycaemia led to cognitive dysfunction in only one reaction time task. The high RAS group reported lower symptom scores during hypoglycaemia than the low RAS group, suggesting poorer hypoglycaemia awareness., Conclusion: High RAS activity is associated with increased cognitive dysfunction and blunted symptoms during mild hypoglycaemia compared to low RAS activity. This may explain why high RAS activity is a risk factor for severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes.
- Published
- 2009
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29. The diagnostic efficiency of biomarkers in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease compared to Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Bahl JM, Heegaard NH, Falkenhorst G, Laursen H, Høgenhaven H, Mølbak K, Jespersgaard C, Hougs L, Waldemar G, Johannsen P, and Christiansen M
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- 14-3-3 Proteins cerebrospinal fluid, Biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid, Humans, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase cerebrospinal fluid, Prion Proteins, Prions genetics, Statistics, Nonparametric, tau Proteins cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome diagnosis
- Abstract
Laboratory markers have a prominent place among the diagnostic criteria for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Here we investigate the capability of protein 14-3-3, total-tau (t-tau), threonin-181-phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) together with the prion protein gene genotype to discriminate patients with sCJD (n=21) from neurological controls (n=164) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (n=49). Low p-tau/t-tau ratio was the best single marker for sCJD with 90% specificity against neurological controls at 86% sensitivity whilst NSE was the least accurate with 79% sensitivity at 90% specificity. Many of the sCJD patients had extremely elevated t-tau values but normal values of the AD-marker p-tau. Protein 14-3-3 was very sensitive (95%) although the specificity was relatively low (75%). A combination of elevated t-tau concentration with the presence of 14-3-3 protein in CSF gave the best test specificity of 96% at 84% sensitivity. We conclude that the combination of more than one CSF marker for neurodegeneration can improve the diagnostic test accuracy for sCJD against neurological controls including patients with other dementias.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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30. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and cognitive impairment during hypoglycaemia in healthy humans.
- Author
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Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Thomsen CE, Høgenhaven H, Smed A, Kjaer TW, Holst JJ, Dela F, Hilsted L, Frandsen E, Pramming S, and Thorsteinsson B
- Subjects
- Adult, Cognition physiology, Cohort Studies, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory drug effects, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified blood, Female, Humans, Male, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Cognition Disorders etiology, Hypoglycemia complications, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A blood
- Abstract
Introduction: In type 1 diabetes increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia is associated with high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. We tested in healthy humans the hypothesis that this association is explained by the reduced ability of subjects with high ACE activity to maintain normal cognitive function during hypoglycaemia., Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers selected by either particularly high or low serum ACE activity were subjected to hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose 2.7 mmol/L). Cognitive function was assessed by choice reaction tests., Results: Despite a similar hypoglycaemic stimulus in the two groups, only the group with high ACE activity showed significant deterioration in cognitive performance during hypoglycaemia. In the high ACE group mean reaction time (MRT) in the most complex choice reaction task was prolonged and error rate (ER) was increased in contrast to the low ACE group. The total hypoglycaemic symptom response was greater in the high ACE group than in the low ACE group (p=0.031). There were no differences in responses of counterregulatory hormones or in concentrations of substrates between the groups., Conclusion: Healthy humans with high ACE activity are more susceptible to cognitive dysfunction and report higher symptom scores during mild hypoglycaemia than subjects with low ACE activity.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. [Pitfalls in the diagnosis of epilepsy].
- Author
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Erdal J and Høgenhaven H
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Errors, Electroencephalography, Humans, Psychophysiologic Disorders diagnosis, Seizures diagnosis, Syncope diagnosis, Epilepsy diagnosis
- Published
- 2004
32. [Epilepsy surgery of Danish children 1996-2002].
- Author
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Uldall PV, Nielsen H, Alving J, Buchholt JM, Herning GM, Høgenhaven H, Madsen FF, and Sahlholdt L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Denmark, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Neurosurgical Procedures adverse effects, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Epilepsy surgery, Neurosurgical Procedures methods
- Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy surgery is done in order to obtain seizure freedom or to reduce the number of epileptic seizures in selected patients not responding to medical treatment. Few Danish children have had this treatment, most probably because of some restrictions imposed by The Danish National Health Board. We present the results of the first 22 Danish children who have had epilepsy surgery., Material and Methods: All children up to the age of 15 operated from January 1st 1996 to May 1st 2002 are included. According to the guidelines of The Danish National Health Board, 17 children have been operated abroad because the epileptic focus was extratemporal or intracranial EEG-monitoring was necessary. Follow-up varied from five years and six months to one month., Results: At the time of the operation, all children had a long-lasting medical intractable epilepsy. 18 children had daily seizures and 15 were mentally retarded. Multi-lobar resection was performed in ten, hemispherectomy in three and lobar resection in eight children. Total seizure-free outcome was seen in 12 children, whereas three only had simple partial seizures (totally 68 per cent). The remaining children had at least a 50 per cent seizure reduction. On an average, the cognitive function was unchanged one year after the surgery. The majority of the parents stated that the behaviour of the child had improved on one or more specific issues. One mother stated that to a certain degree she regretted the operation. In four children, an unexpected complication was registered (slight hemiparesis and a hemianopsia)., Discussion: The results documented that epilepsy surgery is effective for selected children in spite of long-lasting severe epilepsy. In order to alleviate the consequences of severe epilepsy it is, however, important to refer the patients early. There seems to be a need for more and early referrals for childhood epilepsy surgery in Denmark.
- Published
- 2002
33. [Significant newer fields within clinical neurophysiology. The Danish Society of Clinical Neurophysiology].
- Author
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Crone C, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, and Høgenhaven H
- Subjects
- Denmark, Electroencephalography methods, Humans, Monitoring, Intraoperative methods, Societies, Medical, Neurophysiology methods, Neurophysiology trends
- Published
- 2002
34. [Paradigmatic shift in the treatment of epilepsy?].
- Author
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Rogvi-Hansen BA, Høgenhaven H, Uldall PV, Pedersen B, Alving J, Buchholt JM, Dahl M, Gram L, Sabers A, and Knudsen FU
- Subjects
- Anticonvulsants pharmacokinetics, Humans, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Epilepsy drug therapy
- Published
- 1998
35. Interictal SPECT of rCBF is of clinical utility in the preoperative evaluation of patients with partial epilepsy.
- Author
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Andersen AR, Hansen BA, Høgenhaven H, Herning M, Paulson O, and Dam M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Cerebrovascular Circulation physiology, Epilepsies, Partial diagnostic imaging, Epilepsies, Partial physiopathology
- Abstract
Fifty-eight patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy were studied preoperatively by interictal rCBF measurements using 99mTc-HMPAO and a dedicated brain SPECT camera (Tomomatic 64). Follow-up of seizure outcome, using the "Engel score", was at least 3 years. The data were analyzed in a blinded set-up, first visually and subsequently quantitatively by an automatic regional analysis. By visual analysis 95% of the patients were considered abnormal in one part of the brain, of whom 27% were abnormal on CT, 45% on MRI and 98% on scalp EEG. Using a quantitative regional analysis subdividing each hemisphere into 17 larger regions, 85% of the patients had an abnormal rCBF compared to an age-matched control population of healthy volunteers (using the Wilcoxon 2-sample test with Bonferroni's correction). The average number of abnormal regions of interest was 4.7. The percentage of patients with abnormal SPECT-CBF or the total number of abnormal regions of interest (ROIs) per patient showed no correlation to duration of epilepsy or seizure load (number of seizures per year x epilepsy duration) or seizure type. Neither were the rCBF changes prognostic for the outcome as measured by the Engel score. In 20 patients ictal SPECT of rCBF was additionally performed. In 2 cases it added further information to the patient evaluation.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. [3-year experiences with surgical treatment of epilepsy at the Hvidovre hospital].
- Author
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Rogvi-Hansen B, Alving J, Andersen AR, Dam M, Friberg L, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Gram L, Herning MG, Høgenhaven H, and Højgaard K
- Subjects
- Adult, Brain surgery, Denmark, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Methods, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications etiology, Retrospective Studies, Epilepsy surgery
- Abstract
The results of a retrospective survey of 48 patients submitted to neurosurgery for medically intractable epilepsy are presented. Twenty-eight patients were treated with selective amygdalohippocampectomy, one with temporal lobe resection, 12 with anterior callosotomy and seven with a total callosotomy. Of the amygdalohippocampectomized patients and the one with temporal lobe resection (n = 29), 52% were seizure free, 17% experienced rare seizures, 7% had a worthwhile improvement while 24% observed no worthwhile improvement (follow-up time 6 to 36 months). Of the callosotomized patients, 11% were free from generalized seizures, 69% had a significant seizure reduction and 18% experienced no worthwhile improvement. The observed neurological complications were: one patient had hemianopia, one had superior quadrant anopia, four developed unilateral anosmia and one complete anosmia. The callosotomized patients, with two exceptions, were all mentally and physically handicapped. In the callosotomy group, two patients died, one from a intracerebral hematoma three months after the operation and another patient seven months postoperatively from unknown causes.
- Published
- 1991
37. Personality characteristics and epilepsy.
- Author
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Sørensen AS, Hansen H, Andersen R, Høgenhaven H, Allerup P, and Bolwig TG
- Subjects
- Adult, Epilepsies, Partial psychology, Epilepsy, Absence psychology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe psychology, Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurocognitive Disorders psychology, Personality Tests, Psychometrics, Epilepsy psychology, Personality Development
- Abstract
Patients with a long history of temporal lobe epilepsy or primary generalized epilepsy entered a questionnaire study of personality characteristics, based on a modification of the Bear-Fedio inventory for temporal lobe behavioural syndrome. Psoriasis patients and healthy volunteers served as controls. Four clinical meaningful dimensions of included personality traits were identified: ixoide, ideational, obsessive-compulsive and affective features. Analyses based on the Rasch model approved of all dimensions except for affective features. The epilepsy group obtained the highest scores on all 3 dimensions, healthy volunteers the lowest, while the psoriasis group repeatedly held an intermediate position in all sets of assessment (subjects, interviewers and relatives). A logistic regression analysis showed ixoide features being most important when the entire epilepsy group was compared with other study groups, while the dimension ideational features was significant when the temporal lobe epilepsy group was entered as target group and opposed to primary generalized epilepsy. The intermediate position of the psoriasis group, however, suggests that in addition to the presence of a cerebral dysfunction in the epilepsy group, the mere presence of a chronic disorder with potential social stigmatization influences personality.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Motor unit firing intervals and other parameters of electrical activity in normal and pathological muscle.
- Author
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Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Smith T, and Høgenhaven H
- Subjects
- Action Potentials, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Electrophysiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Neurons physiology, Muscles physiology, Muscular Diseases diagnosis, Nervous System Diseases diagnosis, Motor Neurons physiopathology, Muscles physiopathology, Muscular Diseases physiopathology, Nervous System Diseases physiopathology
- Abstract
The analysis of the firing intervals of motor units has been suggested as a diagnostic tool in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Part of the increase in number of turns seen in patients with myopathy could be secondary to the decrease in motor unit firing intervals at threshold force of the motor units, as noted in previous studies. In the brachial biceps muscle we have studied the firing intervals of 164 motor units in 14 controls, 140 motor units in 13 patients with myopathy and 86 motor units in 8 patients with neurogenic disorders, and related the findings to those of the turns analysis and the analysis of properties of individual motor unit potentials. To ensure comparable conditions we have examined motor unit firing intervals and turns at a force of 10% of maximum. The average of motor unit firing intervals and of interval variability was the same in controls and in patients, and the diagnostic yield of the motor unit firing intervals analysis was none. Although the number of turns increased with decreasing motor unit firing intervals, this relation was physiological rather than pathophysiological. In patients with neurogenic disorders, interval variability indicated unstable firing in severely affected muscles.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Epilepsy after stroke.
- Author
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Olsen TS, Høgenhaven H, and Thage O
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cerebral Angiography, Cerebrovascular Disorders diagnostic imaging, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Brain diagnostic imaging, Cerebrovascular Disorders complications, Epilepsy etiology
- Abstract
Development of epilepsy was studied prospectively in a group of 77 consecutive stroke patients. Included were stroke patients less than 75 years old admitted within the first 3 days after the stroke. Excluded were patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, vertebrobasilar stroke, and patients with other severe diseases. Cerebral angiography, CT, and EEG were performed in all patients. The patients were followed clinically for 2 to 4 years. Seven patients (9%) developed epilepsy. Of 23 patients with lesions involving the cortex, 6 (26%) developed epilepsy. Of 54 patients in whom the cortex was not involved, only 1 (2%) developed epilepsy. Patients with persisting paresis and cortical involvement seem to be at particularly high risk of developing epilepsy, as 50% of such patients (6 of 12) developed the disease.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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