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Background: Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer with a limited understanding of the molecular pathology. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap, providing a robust molecular foundation for SBA and addressing the clinical challenges inherent in treating this orphan disease. The study proposes to redefine the clinical management for SBA patients through advanced molecular profiling techniques to improve potential precision medicine., Methods/design: This National multicenter, observational cohort study combines retrospective and prospective analyses across Danish University Hospitals. The study enrolls patients diagnosed with SBA, retrospectively from 2009 and prospectively from 2022 onwards. Molecular profiling, including DNA, RNA, and T-cell receptor sequencing, will be conducted on SBA tissue samples. The primary outcome is to categorize SBA into consensus molecular-guided subgroups. Secondary outcomes include correlating these subgroups with clinical features, treatment responses, and patient outcomes. Machine learning algorithms will be employed for bioinformatic analyses to interpret molecular data. Ethical approval has been obtained, and patient consent will be secured for the retrospective study component., Discussion: The molecular and clinical characterization of SBA is expected to add novel insights into the heterogeneity of this rare disease. By identifying molecular subgroups, the research could enable the development of personalized treatment strategies, a paradigm shift within SBA. The study acknowledges the challenges of working with orphan diseases, including limited patient numbers and diverse clinical presentations. However, its findings will have the potential to substantially impact future clinical practices and guide targeted therapies for SBA patients., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06234306., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is approved by the Danish National Ethics Committee as of 23rd October 2023 (case number: 2312342). Signed informed consent will be required from all prospectively included patients. The study has received dispensation from signed informed consent to include patients treated at the participating departments from 1st January 2010. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Bio-and GenomeBank, Denmark (RBGB) is a nationwide infra-structure. Danish CancerBiobank (DCB) is a biobank in RBGB. The aim is to describe the degree of biological material collected and stored in DCB for patients diagnosed with primary ovarian cancer registered in The Danish Gynecologic Cancer Database (DGCD). Furthermore, to investigate the concordance between predicted organ of disease registered in RBGB at time of sampling (presumed diagnosis) with final diagnosis for patient. Data extraction from DGCD and DCB. Biological materials are present for 1.347 (62%) of 2.172 patients with primary ovarian cancer (OC). The median age of OC patients were 68 years (range: 18-90 years). Median age of patients with biological material in DCB was 67 years and for patients without biological material in DCB 69 years (p ≤ 0.0001). The histological subtypes for the 1347 OC patients with biological material were 911 (68%) serous adenocarcinoma, 97 (7%) endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 80 (6%) mucinous adenocarcinoma, 58 (4%) clear cell carcinoma, and for 201 (15%) no information were registered. For 327 patients (24%), the presumed diagnosis was hematological with a final diagnosis of OC. Using clinical data and biological material including pre-analytical data regarding the biological material the possibility for translational research is optimal. Furthermore, information registered through daily working procedures may propose the need for additional biomarkers to aid clinicians to stratify patients to treatment in correct fast-track packages., (© 2023 The Authors. APMIS published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Societies for Pathology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology.)

In this study we investigated the use of cancer cell protein expression of ABCG2 to predict efficacy of systemic first-line irinotecan containing therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). From a Danish national cohort, we identified 119 mCRC patients treated with irinotecan containing therapy in first-line setting. Among these, 108 were eligible for analyses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed on the primary tumor tissue in order to classify samples as high or low presence of ABCG2 protein. Data were then associated with patient outcome (objective response (OR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)). ABCG2 protein expression in the basolateral membrane was high (score 3+) in 33% of the patients. Exploratory analyses revealed a significant interaction between ABCG2 score, adjuvant treatment and OR ( p = 0.041) in the 101 patients with evaluable disease. Patients with low ABCG2 (score 0-2) and no prior adjuvant therapy had a significantly higher odds ratio of 5.6 (Confidence Interval (CI) 1.68-18.7; p = 0.005) for obtaining OR. In contrast, no significant associations between ABCG2 expression and PFS or OS were found. These results suggest that measurement of the ABCG2 drug efflux pump might be used to select patients with mCRC for irinotecan treatment. However, additional studies are warranted before conclusions regarding a clinical use can be made. Moreover, patients with high ABCG2 immunoreactivity could be candidates for specific ABCG2 inhibition treatment in combination with irinotecan.

Background/aim: New markers for ovarian cancer are needed. This study aimed to examine the expression of tumour cell p53 and endothelial cell CD31 proteins and correlate them to clinicopathological factors., Patients and Methods: Expression of proteins was immunohistochemically assessed using tissue sections from 585-599 ovarian cancer patients from the Danish MALOVA study., Results: High CD31 expression was found in poorly differentiated tumours (p=0.0006), and high p53 expression was found in poorly differentiated cancers (p<0.0001), high clinical stage (p<0.0001), non-radical surgery (p<0.0001) and high serum CA-125 values (p<0.0001). CD31 expression showed no prognostic survival value, but high hazard ratios were found for patients with high p53 expression (HR=2.313, p<0.0001). An interaction was found between p53 and stage of cancer, suggesting a prognostic impact of p53 in low-stage, but not in advanced-stage cancer., Conclusion: More than 5% of p53 tissue expression may predict shorter survival of ovarian cancer patients and may be useful for predicting the risk of disease progression in low-stage patients following primary surgery. CD31 has no strong prognostic value., (Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)

Annexin A2 is a 36-kDa protein interfering with multiple cellular processes especially in cancer progression. The present review aimed to show the relations between Annexin A2 and cancer. A systematic search for studies investigating cancer and Annexin A2 expression was conducted using PubMed. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute promyelocytic leukaemia, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, breast, cervical, colorectal, endometrial, gastric cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung, multiple myeloma, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma, prostate cancer and urothelial carcinoma were evaluated. Annexin A2 expression correlates with resistance to treatment, binding to the bone marrow, histological grade and type, TNM-stage and shortened overall survival. The regulation of Annexin A2 is of interest due to its potential as target for a more individualized cancer management.