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33 results on '"Höppner, Hauke"'

1. Effects of Mosaic Crystal Instrument Functions on X-ray Thomson Scattering Diagnostics

Author

Gawne, Thomas, Bellenbaum, Hannah, Fletcher, Luke B., Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Bouffetier, Victorien, Brambrink, Erik, Brown, Danielle, Cangi, Attila, Descamps, Adrien, Göde, Sebastian, Hartley, Nicholas J., Herbert, Marie-Luise, Hesselbach, Philipp, Höppner, Hauke, Humphries, Oliver S., Konôpková, Zuzana, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Lindqvist, Björn, Lütgert, Julian, MacDonald, Michael J., Makita, Mikako, Martin, Willow, Mishchenko, Mikhail, Moldabekov, Zhandos A., Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Naedler, Jean-Paul, Neumayer, Paul, Pelka, Alexander, Qu, Chongbing, Randolph, Lisa, Rips, Johannes, Toncian, Toma, Vorberger, Jan, Wollenweber, Lennart, Zastrau, Ulf, Kraus, Dominik, Preston, Thomas R., and Dornheim, Tobias

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Mosaic crystals, with their high integrated reflectivities, are widely-employed in spectrometers used to diagnose high energy density systems. X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) has emerged as a powerful diagnostic tool of these systems, providing in principle direct access to important properties such as the temperature via detailed balance. However, the measured XRTS spectrum is broadened by the spectrometer instrument function (IF), and without careful consideration of the IF one risks misdiagnosing system conditions. Here, we consider in detail the IF of 40 $\mu$m and 100 $\mu$m mosaic HAPG crystals, and how the broadening varies across the spectrometer in an energy range of 6.7-8.6 keV. Notably, we find a strong asymmetry in the shape of the IF towards higher energies. As an example, we consider the effect of the asymmetry in the IF on the temperature inferred via XRTS for simulated 80 eV CH plasmas, and find that the temperature can be overestimated if an approximate symmetric IF is used. We therefore expect a detailed consideration of the full IF will have an important impact on system properties inferred via XRTS in both forward modelling and model-free approaches., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures

Published
2024

2. Cylindrical compression of thin wires by irradiation with a Joule-class short pulse laser

Author

Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Yang, Long, Bouffetier, Victorien, Apple, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Hagemann, Johannes, Höppner, Hauke, Humphries, Oliver, Mishchenko, Mikhail, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Preston, Thomas R., Randolph, Lisa, Zastrau, Ulf, Cowan, Thomas E., Huang, Lingen, and Toncian, Toma

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Equation of state measurements at Jovian or stellar conditions are currently conducted by dynamic shock compression driven by multi-kilojoule multi-beam nanosecond-duration lasers. These experiments require precise design of the target and specific tailoring of the spatial and temporal laser profiles to reach the highest pressures. At the same time, the studies are limited by the low repetition rate of the lasers. Here, we show that by the irradiation of a thin wire with single beam Joule-class short-pulse laser, a converging cylindrical shock is generated compressing the wire material to conditions relevant for the above applications. The shockwave was observed using Phase Contrast Imaging employing a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser with unprecedented temporal and spatial sensitivity. The data collected for Cu wires is in agreement with hydrodynamic simulations of an ablative shock launched by a highly-impulsive and transient resistive heating of the wire surface. The subsequent cylindrical shockwave travels towards the wire axis and is predicted to reach a compression factor of 9 and pressures above 800 Mbar. Simulations for astrophysical relevant materials underline the potential of this compression technique as a new tool for high energy density studies at high repetition rates.

Published
2024

3. Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering in warm-dense Fe compounds beyond the SASE FEL resolution limit

Author

Forte, Alessandro, Gawne, Thomas, El-Din, Karim K. Alaa, Humphries, Oliver S., Preston, Thomas R., Crépisson, Céline, Campbell, Thomas, Svensson, Pontus, Azadi, Sam, Heighway, Patrick, Shi, Yuanfeng, Chin, David A., Smith, Ethan, Baehtz, Carsten, Bouffetier, Victorien, Höppner, Hauke, McGonegle, David, Harmand, Marion, Collins, Gilbert W., Wark, Justin S., Polsin, Danae N., and Vinko, Sam M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is a widely used spectroscopic technique, providing access to the electronic structure and dynamics of atoms, molecules, and solids. However, RIXS requires a narrow bandwidth x-ray probe to achieve high spectral resolution. The challenges in delivering an energetic monochromated beam from an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) thus limit its use in few-shot experiments, including for the study of high energy density systems. Here we demonstrate that by correlating the measurements of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) spectrum of an XFEL with the RIXS signal, using a dynamic kernel deconvolution with a neural surrogate, we can achieve electronic structure resolutions substantially higher than those normally afforded by the bandwidth of the incoming x-ray beam. We further show how this technique allows us to discriminate between the valence structures of Fe and Fe$_2$O$_3$, and provides access to temperature measurements as well as M-shell binding energies estimates in warm-dense Fe compounds.

Published
2024

4. Visualizing plasmons and ultrafast kinetic instabilities in laser-driven solids using X-ray scattering

Author

Ordyna, Paweł, Bähtz, Carsten, Brambrink, Erik, Bussmann, Michael, Laso Garcia, Alejandro, Garten, Marco, Gaus, Lennart, Göde, Sebastian, Grenzer, Jörg, Gutt, Christian, Höppner, Hauke, Huang, Lingen, Hübner, Uwe, Humphries, Oliver, Marré, Brian Edward, Metzkes-Ng, Josefine, Miethlinger, Thomas, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Öztürk, Özgül, Pan, Xiayun, Paschke-Brühl, Franziska, Pelka, Alexander, Prencipe, Irene, Preston, Thomas R, Randolph, Lisa, Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Šmíd, Michal, Starke, Sebastian, Štefaníková, Radka, Thiessenhusen, Erik, Toncian, Toma, Zeil, Karl, Schramm, Ulrich, Cowan, Thomas E, and Kluge, Thomas

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

Ultra-intense lasers that ionize atoms and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but X-ray scattering at keV photon energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Here, we perform such experiment on laser-driven flat silicon membranes that shows the development of structure with a dominant scale of 60 nm in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and 95 nm in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than 0.1 fs−1. Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced plasma density development, indicating the excitation of plasmons and a filamentation instability. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm that these signals are due to an oblique two-stream filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into ultra-fast instability and heating processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with possible implications for laser particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, and laboratory astrophysics.

Published
2024

6. Visualizing Plasmons and Ultrafast Kinetic Instabilities in Laser-Driven Solids using X-ray Scattering

Author

Ordyna, Paweł, Bähtz, Carsten, Brambrink, Erik, Bussmann, Michael, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Garten, Marco, Gaus, Lennart, Grenzer, Jörg, Gutt, Christian, Höppner, Hauke, Huang, Lingen, Humphries, Oliver, Marré, Brian Edward, Metzkes-Ng, Josefine, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Öztürk, Özgül, Pan, Xiayun, Paschke-Brühl, Franziska, Pelka, Alexander, Prencipe, Irene, Randolph, Lisa, Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter, Šmíd, Michal, Stefanikova, Radka, Thiessenhusen, Erik, Toncian, Toma, Zeil, Karl, Schramm, Ulrich, Cowan, Thomas E., and Kluge, Thomas

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Ultra-intense lasers that ionize and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but a novel approach using X-ray scattering at keV energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Our experiments on laser-driven flat silicon membranes show the development of structure with a dominant scale of $~60\unit{nm}$ in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and $~95\unit{nm}$ in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than $0.1/\mathrm{fs}$. Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced instability development, indicating the excitation of surface plasmons and the growth of a new type of filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into the ultra-fast instability processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with important implications for inertial confinement fusion and laboratory astrophysics.

Published
2023

7. Probing the UV-Induced Photodissociation of CH$_\text{3}$I and C$_\text{6}$H$_\text{3}$F$_\text{2}$I with Femtosecond Time-Resolved Coulomb Explosion Imaging at FLASH

Author

Amini, Kasra, Savelyev, Evgeny, Brauße, Felix, Berrah, Nora, Bomme, Cédric, Brouard, Mark, Burt, Michael, Christensen, Lauge, Düsterer, Stefan, Erk, Benjamin, Höppner, Hauke, Kierspel, Thomas, Krecinic, Faruk, Lauer, Alexandra, Lee, Jason W. L., Müller, Maria, Müller, Erland, Mullins, Terence, Redlin, Harald, Schirmel, Nora, Thøgersen, Jan, Techert, Simone, Toleikis, Sven, Treusch, Rolf, Trippel, Sebastian, Ulmer, Anatoli, Vallance, Claire, Wiese, Joss, Johnsson, Per, Küpper, Jochen, Rudenko, Artem, Rouzée, Arnaud, Stapelfeldt, Henrik, Rolles, Daniel, and Boll, Rebecca

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

We explore time-resolved Coulomb explosion induced by intense, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses from the FLASH free-electron laser as a method to image photo-induced molecular dynamics in two molecules, iodomethane and 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene. At an excitation wavelength of 267\,nm, the dominant reaction pathway in both molecules is neutral dissociation via cleavage of the carbon--iodine bond. This allows investigating the influence of the molecular environment on the absorption of an intense, femtosecond XUV pulse and the subsequent Coulomb explosion process. We find that the XUV probe pulse induces local inner-shell ionization of atomic iodine in dissociating iodomethane, in contrast to non-selective ionization of all photofragments in difluoroiodobenzene. The results reveal evidence of electron transfer from methyl and phenyl moieties to a multiply charged iodine ion. In addition, indications for ultrafast charge rearrangement on the phenyl radical are found, suggesting that time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging is sensitive to the localization of charge in extended molecules.

Published
2017
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8. Alignment, Orientation, and Coulomb Explosion of Difluoroiodobenzene Studied with the Pixel Imaging Mass Spectrometry (PImMS) Camera

Author

Amini, Kasra, Boll, Rebecca, Lauer, Alexandra, Burt, Michael, Lee, Jason W L, Christensen, Lauge, Brauße, Felix, Mullins, Terence, Savelyev, Evgeny, Ablikim, Utuq, Berrah, Nora, Bomme, Cédric, Düsterer, Stefan, Erk, Benjamin, Höppner, Hauke, Johnsson, Per, Kierspel, Thomas, Krecinic, Faruk, Küpper, Jochen, Müller, Maria, Müller, Erland, Redlin, Harald, Rouzée, Arnaud, Schirmel, Nora, Thøgersen, Jan, Techert, Simone, Toleikis, Sven, Treusch, Rolf, Trippel, Sebastian, Ulmer, Anatoli, Wiese, Joss, Vallance, Claire, Rudenko, Artem, Stapelfeldt, Henrik, Brouard, Mark, and Rolles, Daniel

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Laser-induced adiabatic alignment and mixed-field orientation of 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene (C6H3F2I) molecules are probed by Coulomb explosion imaging following either near-infrared strong-field ionization or extreme-ultraviolet multi-photon inner-shell ionization using free-electron laser pulses. The resulting photoelectrons and fragment ions are captured by a double-sided velocity map imaging spectrometer and projected onto two position-sensitive detectors. The ion side of the spectrometer is equipped with the Pixel Imaging Mass Spectrometry (PImMS) camera, a time-stamping pixelated detector that can record the hit positions and arrival times of up to four ions per pixel per acquisition cycle. Thus, the time-of-flight trace and ion momentum distributions for all fragments can be recorded simultaneously. We show that we can obtain a high degree of one- and three-dimensional alignment and mixed- field orientation, and compare the Coulomb explosion process induced at both wavelengths.

Published
2017
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9. Soft x-rays induce femtosecond solid-to-solid phase transition

Author

Tavella, Franz, Höppner, Hauke, Tkachenko, Victor, Medvedev, Nikita, Capotondi, Flavio, Golz, Torsten, Kai, Yun, Manfredda, Michele, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Prandolini, Mark, Stojanovic, Nikola, Tanikawa, Takanori, Teubner, Ulrich, Toleikis, Sven, and Ziaja, Beata

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Soft x-rays were applied to induce graphitization of diamond through a non-thermal solid-to-solid phase transition. This process was observed within poly-crystalline diamond with a time-resolved experiment using ultrashort soft x-ray pulses of duration 52.5 fs and cross correlated by an optical pulse of duration 32.8 fs. This scheme enabled for the first time the measurement of a phase transition on a timescale of ~150 fs. Excellent agreement between experiment and theoretical predictions was found, using a dedicated code that followed the non-equilibrium evolution of the irradiated diamond including all transient electronic and structural changes. These observations confirm that soft x-rays can induce a non-thermal ultrafast solid-to-solid phase transition on a hundred femtosecond timescale., Comment: 27 pages, 17 figures (includes supplementary materials)

Published
2016
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11. Non-thermal structural transformation of diamond driven by x-rays

Author

Heimann, Philip, primary, Hartley, Nicholas J., additional, Inoue, Ichiro, additional, Tkachenko, Victor, additional, Antoine, Andre, additional, Dorchies, Fabien, additional, Falcone, Roger, additional, Gaudin, Jérôme, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Inubushi, Yuichi, additional, Kapcia, Konrad J., additional, Lee, Hae Ja, additional, Lipp, Vladimir, additional, Martinez, Paloma, additional, Medvedev, Nikita, additional, Tavella, Franz, additional, Toleikis, Sven, additional, Yabashi, Makina, additional, Yabuuchi, Toshinori, additional, Yamada, Jumpei, additional, and Ziaja, Beata, additional

Published
2023
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13. Visualizing Ultrafast Kinetic Instabilities in Laser-Driven Solids using X-ray Scattering

Author

Ordyna, Paweł, Bähtz, Carsten, Brambrink, Erik, Bussmann, Michael, Garcia, Alejandro Laso, Garten, Marco, Gaus, Lennart, Grenzer, Jörg, Gutt, Christian, Höppner, Hauke, Huang, Lingen, Humphries, Oliver, Marré, Brian Edward, Metzkes-Ng, Josefine, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Öztürk, Özgül, Pan, Xiayun, Paschke-Brühl, Franziska, Pelka, Alexander, Prencipe, Irene, Randolph, Lisa, Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter, Šmíd, Michal, Stefanikova, Radka, Thiessenhusen, Erik, Toncian, Toma, Zeil, Karl, Schramm, Ulrich, Cowan, Thomas E., and Kluge, Thomas

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Ultra-intense lasers that ionize and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but a novel approach using X-ray scattering at keV energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Our experiments on laser-driven flat silicon membranes show the development of structure with a dominant scale of $~60\unit{nm}$ in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and $~95\unit{nm}$ in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than $0.1/\mathrm{fs}$. Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced instability development, indicating the excitation of surface plasmons and the growth of a new type of filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into the ultra-fast instability processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with important implications for inertial confinement fusion and laboratory astrophysics.

Published
2023
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14. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, Ulf, primary, Appel, Karen, additional, Baehtz, Carsten, additional, Baehr, Oliver, additional, Batchelor, Lewis, additional, Berghäuser, Andreas, additional, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, additional, Brambrink, Erik, additional, Cerantola, Valerio, additional, Cowan, Thomas E., additional, Damker, Horst, additional, Dietrich, Steffen, additional, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, additional, Dreyer, Jörn, additional, Engel, Hans-Olaf, additional, Feldmann, Thomas, additional, Findeisen, Stefan, additional, Foese, Manon, additional, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, additional, Göde, Sebastian, additional, Hassan, Mohammed, additional, Hauser, Jens, additional, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Kaa, Johannes, additional, Kaever, Peter, additional, Knöfel, Klaus, additional, Konôpková, Zuzana, additional, Laso García, Alejandro, additional, Liermann, Hanns-Peter, additional, Mainberger, Jona, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Martens, Eike-Christian, additional, McBride, Emma E., additional, Möller, Dominik, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Plueckthun, Christian, additional, Prescher, Clemens, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Röper, Michael, additional, Schmidt, Andreas, additional, Seidel, Wolfgang, additional, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, additional, Schoelmerich, Markus O., additional, Schramm, Ulrich, additional, Schropp, Andreas, additional, Strohm, Cornelius, additional, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, additional, Talkovski, Peter, additional, Thorpe, Ian, additional, Toncian, Monika, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Wollenweber, Lennart, additional, Yamamoto, Shingo, additional, and Tschentscher, Thomas, additional

Published
2021
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15. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, U, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Baehr, O, Batchelor, L, Berghäuser, A, Banjafar, M, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Cowan, T, Damker, H, Dietrich, S, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Dreyer, J, Engel, H, Feldmann, T, Findeisen, S, Foese, M, Fulla-Marsa, D, Göde, S, Hassan, M, Hauser, J, Herrmannsdörfer, T, Höppner, H, Kaa, J, Kaever, P, Knöfel, K, Konôpková, Z, Laso García, A, Liermann, H, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Martens, E, Mcbride, E, Möller, D, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pelka, A, Plueckthun, C, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Röper, M, Schmidt, A, Seidel, W, Schwinkendorf, J, Schoelmerich, M, Schramm, U, Schropp, A, Strohm, C, Sukharnikov, K, Talkovski, P, Thorpe, I, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Wollenweber, L, Yamamoto, S, Tschentscher, T, Zastrau, Ulf, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Baehr, Oliver, Batchelor, Lewis, Berghäuser, Andreas, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, Brambrink, Erik, Cerantola, Valerio, Cowan, Thomas E, Damker, Horst, Dietrich, Steffen, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, Dreyer, Jörn, Engel, Hans Olaf, Feldmann, Thomas, Findeisen, Stefan, Foese, Manon, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, Göde, Sebastian, Hassan, Mohammed, Hauser, Jens, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, Höppner, Hauke, Kaa, Johannes, Kaever, Peter, Knöfel, Klaus, Konôpková, Zuzana, Laso García, Alejandro, Liermann, Hanns Peter, Mainberger, Jona, Makita, Mikako, Martens, Eike Christian, McBride, Emma E, Möller, Dominik, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Plueckthun, Christian, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas R, Röper, Michael, Schmidt, Andreas, Seidel, Wolfgang, Schwinkendorf, Jan Patrick, Schoelmerich, Markus O, Schramm, Ulrich, Schropp, Andreas, Strohm, Cornelius, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, Talkovski, Peter, Thorpe, Ian, Toncian, Monika, Toncian, Toma, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yamamoto, Shingo, Tschentscher, Thomas, Zastrau, U, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Baehr, O, Batchelor, L, Berghäuser, A, Banjafar, M, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Cowan, T, Damker, H, Dietrich, S, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Dreyer, J, Engel, H, Feldmann, T, Findeisen, S, Foese, M, Fulla-Marsa, D, Göde, S, Hassan, M, Hauser, J, Herrmannsdörfer, T, Höppner, H, Kaa, J, Kaever, P, Knöfel, K, Konôpková, Z, Laso García, A, Liermann, H, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Martens, E, Mcbride, E, Möller, D, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pelka, A, Plueckthun, C, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Röper, M, Schmidt, A, Seidel, W, Schwinkendorf, J, Schoelmerich, M, Schramm, U, Schropp, A, Strohm, C, Sukharnikov, K, Talkovski, P, Thorpe, I, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Wollenweber, L, Yamamoto, S, Tschentscher, T, Zastrau, Ulf, Appel, Karen, Baehtz, Carsten, Baehr, Oliver, Batchelor, Lewis, Berghäuser, Andreas, Banjafar, Mohammadreza, Brambrink, Erik, Cerantola, Valerio, Cowan, Thomas E, Damker, Horst, Dietrich, Steffen, Di Dio Cafiso, Samuele, Dreyer, Jörn, Engel, Hans Olaf, Feldmann, Thomas, Findeisen, Stefan, Foese, Manon, Fulla-Marsa, Daniel, Göde, Sebastian, Hassan, Mohammed, Hauser, Jens, Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas, Höppner, Hauke, Kaa, Johannes, Kaever, Peter, Knöfel, Klaus, Konôpková, Zuzana, Laso García, Alejandro, Liermann, Hanns Peter, Mainberger, Jona, Makita, Mikako, Martens, Eike Christian, McBride, Emma E, Möller, Dominik, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pelka, Alexander, Plueckthun, Christian, Prescher, Clemens, Preston, Thomas R, Röper, Michael, Schmidt, Andreas, Seidel, Wolfgang, Schwinkendorf, Jan Patrick, Schoelmerich, Markus O, Schramm, Ulrich, Schropp, Andreas, Strohm, Cornelius, Sukharnikov, Konstantin, Talkovski, Peter, Thorpe, Ian, Toncian, Monika, Toncian, Toma, Wollenweber, Lennart, Yamamoto, Shingo, and Tschentscher, Thomas

Abstract

The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.

Published
2021

16. Photodissociation of Aligned $CH_3I$ and $C_{6}H_{3}F_{2}I$ Molecules Probed with Time-Resolved Coulomb Explosion Imaging by Site-Selective XUV Ionization

Author

Amini, Kasra, Savelyev, Evgeny, Brauße, Felix, Berrah, Nora, Bomme, Cedric, Brouard, Mark, Burt, Michael, Christensen, Lauge, Düsterer, Stefan, Erk, Benjamin, Höppner, Hauke, Kierspel, Thomas, Krecinic, Faruk, Lauer, Alexandra, Lee, Jason W. L., Müller, Maria, Mueller, Erland, Mullins, Terence, Redlin, Harald, Schirmel, Nora, Thøgersen, Jan, Techert, Simone, Toleikis, Sven, Treusch, Rolf, Trippel, Sebastian, Ulmer, Anatoli, Vallance, Claire, Wiese, Joss, Johnsson, Per, Küpper, Jochen, Rudenko, Artem, Rouzée, Arnaud, Stapelfeldt, Henrik, Rolles, Daniel, and Boll, Rebecca

Abstract

Structural dynamics 5(1), 014301 - (2018). doi:10.1063/1.4998648, We explore time-resolved Coulomb explosion induced by intense, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses from a free-electron laser as a method to image photo-induced molecular dynamics in two molecules, iodomethane and 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene. At an excitation wavelength of 267 nm, the dominant reaction pathway in both molecules is neutral dissociation via cleavage of the carbon–iodine bond. This allows investigating the influence of the molecular environment on the absorption of an intense, femtosecond XUV pulse and the subsequent Coulomb explosion process. We find that the XUV probe pulse induces local inner-shell ionization of atomic iodine in dissociating iodomethane, in contrast to non-selective ionization of all photofragments in difluoroiodobenzene. The results reveal evidence of electron transfer from methyl and phenyl moieties to a multiply charged iodine ion. In addition, indications for ultrafast charge rearrangement on the phenyl radical are found, suggesting that time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging is sensitive to the localization of charge in extended molecules., Published by AIP Publishing LLC, Melville, NY

Published
2018
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17. Optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers for seeding, pulse metrology and science at free-electron lasers

Author

Höppner, Hauke Onno

Subjects
Physics
Abstract

Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers (OPCPA) have been proven to be a versatile technology for free-electron laser (FEL) facilities. To exploit the full scientific potential of high repetition rate FELs, new wavelength-tunable high-power femtosecond lasers for FEL seeding and FEL pump-probe experiments are required. Within the seeding project at the FLASH II FEL, an OPCPA was successfully developed supporting seeding at FLASH II. The temporal intensity profile of a FEL is of utmost importance. An optical-XUV solid-state cross-correlator was refined to characterize the temporal properties of the seeded FERMI FEL for a range of FEL wavelengths and machine settings. FERMI’s unique properties, in particular the low time-of-arrival jitter and excellent pulse energy stability, in combination with the ultrashort optical probe pulses, enabled time-resolved observation of FEL induced non-thermal ultrafast sub-200 fs solid-to-solid phase transition of diamond to graphite.

Published
2018

18. Time-resolved studies of the diamond-to-graphite transition induced by a short-wavelength free-electron laser radiation (Conference Presentation)

Author

Toleikis, Sven, primary, Tavella, Franz, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Tkachenko, Victor, additional, Medvedev, Nikita, additional, Capotondi, Flavio, additional, Golz, Torsten, additional, Kai, Yun, additional, Manfredda, Michele, additional, Pedersoli, Emanuele, additional, Prandolini, Mark J., additional, Stojanovic, Nikola, additional, Tanikawa, Takanori, additional, Teubner, Ulrich, additional, and Ziaja, Beata, additional

Published
2019
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19. Time-resolved ionization measurements with intense ultrashort XUV and X-ray free-electron laser pulses

Author

Tkachenko, Victor, primary, Büscher, Martin, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Medvedev, Nikita, additional, Lipp, Vladimir, additional, Rossi, Giulio Maria, additional, Capotondi, Flavio, additional, Finetti, Paola, additional, Pedersoli, Emanuele, additional, Nikolov, Ivaylo, additional, Danailov, Mitcho, additional, Giannessi, Luca, additional, Prandolini, Mark J., additional, Toleikis, Sven, additional, Mecseki, Katalin, additional, Windeler, Matthew, additional, Ziaja, Beata, additional, Tavella, Franz, additional, and Teubner, Ulrich, additional

Published
2019
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20. Initial observations of the femtosecond timing jitter at the European XFEL

Author

Kirkwood, Henry J., primary, Letrun, Romain, additional, Tanikawa, Takanori, additional, Liu, Jia, additional, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, additional, Emons, Moritz, additional, Jezynski, Tomasz, additional, Palmer, Guido, additional, Lederer, Max, additional, Bean, Richard, additional, Buck, Jens, additional, Di Dio Cafisio, Samuele, additional, Graceffa, Rita, additional, Grünert, Jan, additional, Göde, Sebastian, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Kim, Yoonhee, additional, Konopkova, Zuzana, additional, Mills, Grant, additional, Makita, Mikako, additional, Pelka, Alexander, additional, Preston, Thomas R., additional, Sikorski, Marcin, additional, Takem, Cedric M. S., additional, Giewekemeyer, Klaus, additional, Chollet, Matthieu, additional, Vagovic, Patrik, additional, Chapman, Henry N., additional, Mancuso, Adrian P., additional, and Sato, Tokushi, additional

Published
2019
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21. A kW-class nanosecond DPSSL operating at 100 J, 10 Hz for high energy density research at the European XFEL (Conference Presentation)

Author

Phillips, P. Jonathan, primary, Mason, Paul, additional, Ertel, Klaus, additional, Smith, Jodie, additional, De-Vido, Mariastefania, additional, Butcher, Thomas, additional, Tomlinson, Steph, additional, Suarez-Merchan, Jorge E., additional, Lintern, Andrew, additional, Costello, Billy, additional, Hollingham, Ian, additional, Norton, Andrew, additional, Tyldesley, Michael, additional, Hernandez-Gomez, Cristina, additional, Edwards, Chris, additional, Collier, John, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, and Möller, Dominik, additional

Published
2019
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22. Probing the UV-Induced Photodissociation of CH3I and C6H3F2I with Femtosecond Time-Resolved Coulomb Explosion Imaging at FLASH

Author

Savelyev, Evgeny, Amini, Kasra, Brauße, Felix, Berrah, Nora, Bomme, Cédric, Brouard, Mark, Burt, Michael, Christensen, Lauge, Düsterer, Stefan, Erk, Benjamin, Höppner, Hauke, Kierspel, Thomas, Krecinic, Faruk, Lauer, Alexandra, Lee, Jason W. L., Müller, Maria, Müller, Erland, Mullins, Terence, Redlin, Harald, Schirmel, Nora, Thøgersen, Jan, Techert, Simone, Toleikis, Sven, Treusch, Rolf, Trippel, Sebastian, Ulmer, Anatoli, Vallance, Claire, Wiese, Joss, Johnsson, Per, Küpper, Jochen, Rudenko, Artem, Rouzée, Arnaud, Stapelfeldt, Henrik, Rolles, Daniel, and Boll, Rebecca

Subjects
physics.chem-ph, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, physics.atm-clus, Physics::Chemical Physics, physics.atom-ph
Abstract

We explore time-resolved Coulomb explosion induced by intense, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses from the FLASH free-electron laser as a method to image photo-induced molecular dynamics in two molecules, iodomethane and difluoroiodobenzene. At an excitation wavelength of 267 nm, the dominant reaction pathway in both molecules is neutral cleavage of the carbon--iodine bond, which allows studying the influence of the molecular environment on the XUV absorption and the subsequent Coulomb explosion process. The XUV probe pulse induces local inner-shell ionization of atomic iodine in dissociating iodomethane, in contrast to non-selective ionization of all photofragments in difluoroiodobenzene. The resulting signals reveal evidence of electron transfer from methyl and phenyl moieties to a multiply charged iodine ion. In addition, we find indications for ultrafast charge rearrangement on the phenyl radical, suggesting that time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging is sensitive to the localization of charge in extended molecules.

Published
2017

23. Jitter-correction for IR/UV-XUV pump-probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser

Author

Savelyev, Evgeny, Boll, Rebecca, Bomme, Cédric, Schirmel, Nora, Redlin, Harald, Erk, Benjamin, Düsterer, Stefan, Mueller, Erland, Höppner, Hauke, Toleikis, Sven, Müller, Jost, Kristin Czwalinna, Marie, Treusch, Rolf, Kierspel, Thomas, Mullins, Terence, Trippel, Sebastian, Wiese, Joss, Küpper, Jochen, Brauβe, Felix, Krecinic, Faruk, Rouzée, Arnaud, Rudawski, Piotr, Johnsson, Per, Amini, Kasra, Lauer, Alexandra, Burt, Michael, Brouard, Mark, Christensen, Lauge, Thøgersen, Jan, Stapelfeldt, Henrik, Berrah, Nora, Müller, Maria, Ulmer, Anatoli, Techert, Simone, Rudenko, Artem, and Rolles, Daniel

Subjects
time-resolved ion imaging, free-electron laser, velocity map imaging, pump-probe experiments, photodissociation, ddc:530, 530 Physik
Abstract

New journal of physics 19(4), 043009(2017). doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aa652d, In pump-probe experiments employing a free-electron laser (FEL) in combination with a synchronized optical femtosecond laser, the arrival-time jitter between the FEL pulse and the optical laser pulse often severely limits the temporal resolution that can be achieved. Here, we present a pump-probe experiment on the UV-induced dissociation of 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene $(C_{6}H_{3}F_{2}I)$ molecules performed at the FLASH FEL that takes advantage of recent upgrades of the FLASH timing and synchronization system to obtain high-quality data that are not limited by the FEL arrival-time jitter. We discuss in detail the necessary data analysis steps and describe the origin of the time-dependent effects in the yields and kinetic energies of the fragment ions that we observe in the experiment., Published by IOP Publ. , Bad Honnef

Published
2017
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24. 100J-level cryogenic gas cooled DPSSL for high energy density experiments at the European XFEL facility

Author

Banerjee, Saumyabrata, primary, Mason, Paul, additional, Smith, Jodie, additional, Phillips, Jonathan, additional, Butcher, Thomas, additional, Tomlinson, Stephanie, additional, Suarez-Merchan, Jorge, additional, Zata, Tinesimba, additional, Hassan, Mohamed, additional, Hollingham, Ian, additional, Norton, Andrew, additional, Möller, Dominik, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Ertel, Klaus, additional, De. Vido, Mariastefania, additional, Costello, Billy, additional, Lintern, Andrew, additional, Tyldesley, Mike, additional, Hernandez-Gomez, Cristina, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Zastrau, Ulf, additional, Brambrink, Erik, additional, Edwards, Chris, additional, and Collier, John, additional

Published
2018
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25. Development of a 100 J, 10 Hz laser for compression experiments at the High Energy Density instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Mason, Paul, primary, Banerjee, Saumyabrata, additional, Smith, Jodie, additional, Butcher, Thomas, additional, Phillips, Jonathan, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Möller, Dominik, additional, Ertel, Klaus, additional, De Vido, Mariastefania, additional, Hollingham, Ian, additional, Norton, Andrew, additional, Tomlinson, Stephanie, additional, Zata, Tinesimba, additional, Merchan, Jorge Suarez, additional, Hooker, Chris, additional, Tyldesley, Mike, additional, Toncian, Toma, additional, Hernandez-Gomez, Cristina, additional, Edwards, Chris, additional, and Collier, John, additional

Published
2018
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26. Photodissociation of aligned CH3I and C6H3F2I molecules probed with time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging by site-selective extreme ultraviolet ionization

Author

Amini, Kasra, primary, Savelyev, Evgeny, additional, Brauße, Felix, additional, Berrah, Nora, additional, Bomme, Cédric, additional, Brouard, Mark, additional, Burt, Michael, additional, Christensen, Lauge, additional, Düsterer, Stefan, additional, Erk, Benjamin, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Kierspel, Thomas, additional, Krecinic, Faruk, additional, Lauer, Alexandra, additional, Lee, Jason W. L., additional, Müller, Maria, additional, Müller, Erland, additional, Mullins, Terence, additional, Redlin, Harald, additional, Schirmel, Nora, additional, Thøgersen, Jan, additional, Techert, Simone, additional, Toleikis, Sven, additional, Treusch, Rolf, additional, Trippel, Sebastian, additional, Ulmer, Anatoli, additional, Vallance, Claire, additional, Wiese, Joss, additional, Johnsson, Per, additional, Küpper, Jochen, additional, Rudenko, Artem, additional, Rouzée, Arnaud, additional, Stapelfeldt, Henrik, additional, Rolles, Daniel, additional, and Boll, Rebecca, additional

Published
2018
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27. Pulse Duration of Seeded Free-Electron Lasers

Author

Finetti, Paola, primary, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Allaria, Enrico, additional, Callegari, Carlo, additional, Capotondi, Flavio, additional, Cinquegrana, Paolo, additional, Coreno, Marcello, additional, Cucini, Riccardo, additional, Danailov, Miltcho B., additional, Demidovich, Alexander, additional, De Ninno, Giovanni, additional, Di Fraia, Michele, additional, Feifel, Raimund, additional, Ferrari, Eugenio, additional, Fröhlich, Lars, additional, Gauthier, David, additional, Golz, Torsten, additional, Grazioli, Cesare, additional, Kai, Yun, additional, Kurdi, Gabor, additional, Mahne, Nicola, additional, Manfredda, Michele, additional, Medvedev, Nikita, additional, Nikolov, Ivaylo P., additional, Pedersoli, Emanuele, additional, Penco, Giuseppe, additional, Plekan, Oksana, additional, Prandolini, Mark J., additional, Prince, Kevin C., additional, Raimondi, Lorenzo, additional, Rebernik, Primoz, additional, Riedel, Robert, additional, Roussel, Eleonore, additional, Sigalotti, Paolo, additional, Squibb, Richard, additional, Stojanovic, Nikola, additional, Stranges, Stefano, additional, Svetina, Cristian, additional, Tanikawa, Takanori, additional, Teubner, Ulrich, additional, Tkachenko, Victor, additional, Toleikis, Sven, additional, Zangrando, Marco, additional, Ziaja, Beata, additional, Tavella, Franz, additional, and Giannessi, Luca, additional

Published
2017
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28. Alignment, orientation, and Coulomb explosion of difluoroiodobenzene studied with the pixel imaging mass spectrometry (PImMS) camera

Author

Amini, Kasra, primary, Boll, Rebecca, additional, Lauer, Alexandra, additional, Burt, Michael, additional, Lee, Jason W. L., additional, Christensen, Lauge, additional, Brauβe, Felix, additional, Mullins, Terence, additional, Savelyev, Evgeny, additional, Ablikim, Utuq, additional, Berrah, Nora, additional, Bomme, Cédric, additional, Düsterer, Stefan, additional, Erk, Benjamin, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Johnsson, Per, additional, Kierspel, Thomas, additional, Krecinic, Faruk, additional, Küpper, Jochen, additional, Müller, Maria, additional, Müller, Erland, additional, Redlin, Harald, additional, Rouzée, Arnaud, additional, Schirmel, Nora, additional, Thøgersen, Jan, additional, Techert, Simone, additional, Toleikis, Sven, additional, Treusch, Rolf, additional, Trippel, Sebastian, additional, Ulmer, Anatoli, additional, Wiese, Joss, additional, Vallance, Claire, additional, Rudenko, Artem, additional, Stapelfeldt, Henrik, additional, Brouard, Mark, additional, and Rolles, Daniel, additional

Published
2017
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29. Design and results of a dual-gas quasi-phase matching (QPM) foil target

Author

Hage, Arvid, additional, Landgraf, Björn, additional, Taylor, Michael, additional, Wünsche, Martin, additional, Prandolini, Mark J., additional, Yeung, Mark, additional, Höppner, Hauke, additional, Schulz, Michael, additional, Riedel, Robert, additional, Tavella, Franz, additional, Dromey, Brendan, additional, and Zepf, Matthew, additional

Published
2015
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31. Effect of Auger recombination on transient optical properties in XUV and soft X-ray irradiated silicon nitride

Author

Tkachenko, Victor, Lipp, Vladimir, Büscher, Martin, Capotondi, Flavio, Höppner, Hauke, Medvedev, Nikita, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Prandolini, Mark J., Rossi, Giulio M., Tavella, Franz, Toleikis, Sven, Windeler, Matthew, Ziaja, Beata, and Teubner, Ulrich

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Scientific reports 11(1), 5203 (1-10) (2021). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84677-w, Spatially encoded measurements of transient optical transmissivity became a standard tool for temporal diagnostics of free-electron-laser (FEL) pulses, as well as for the arrival time measurements in X-ray pump and optical probe experiments. The modern experimental techniques can measure changes in optical coefficients with a temporal resolution better than 10 fs. This, in an ideal case, would imply a similar resolution for the temporal pulse properties and the arrival time jitter between the FEL and optical laser pulses. However, carrier transport within the material and out of its surface, as well as carrier recombination may, in addition, significantly decrease the number of carriers. This would strongly affect the transient optical properties, making the diagnostic measurement inaccurate. Below we analyze in detail the effects of those processes on the optical properties of XUV and soft X-ray irradiated Si$_3$N$_4$, on sub-picosecond timescales. Si$_3$N$_4$ is a wide-gap insulating material widely used for FEL pulse diagnostics. Theoretical predictions are compared with the published results of two experiments at FERMI and LCLS facilities, and with our own recent measurement. The comparison indicates that three body Auger recombination strongly affects the optical response of Si$_3$N$_4$ after its collisional ionization stops. By deconvolving the contribution of Auger recombination, in future applications one could regain a high temporal resolution for the reconstruction of the FEL pulse properties measured with a Si$_3$N$_4$-based diagnostics tool., Published by Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, [London]

32. Photodissociation of aligned CH3I and C6H3F2I molecules probed with time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging by site-selective extreme ultraviolet ionization.

Author

Amini, Kasra, Savelyev, Evgeny, Brauße, Felix, Berrah, Nora, Bomme, Cédric, Brouard, Mark, Burt, Michael, Christensen, Lauge, Düsterer, Stefan, Erk, Benjamin, Höppner, Hauke, Kierspel, Thomas, Krecinic, Faruk, Lauer, Alexandra, Lee, Jason W. L., Müller, Maria, Müller, Erland, Mullins, Terence, Redlin, Harald, and Schirmel, Nora

Subjects
PHOTODISSOCIATION, METHYL iodide, ULTRAVIOLET radiation
Abstract

We explore time-resolved Coulomb explosion induced by intense, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses from a free-electron laser as a method to image photo-induced molecular dynamics in two molecules, iodomethane and 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene. At an excitation wavelength of 267 nm, the dominant reaction pathway in both molecules is neutral dissociation via cleavage of the carbon–iodine bond. This allows investigating the influence of the molecular environment on the absorption of an intense, femtosecond XUV pulse and the subsequent Coulomb explosion process. We find that the XUV probe pulse induces local inner-shell ionization of atomic iodine in dissociating iodomethane, in contrast to non-selective ionization of all photofragments in difluoroiodobenzene. The results reveal evidence of electron transfer from methyl and phenyl moieties to a multiply charged iodine ion. In addition, indications for ultrafast charge rearrangement on the phenyl radical are found, suggesting that time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging is sensitive to the localization of charge in extended molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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33. Photodissociation of aligned CH 3 I and C 6 H 3 F 2 I molecules probed with time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging by site-selective extreme ultraviolet ionization.

Author

Amini K, Savelyev E, Brauße F, Berrah N, Bomme C, Brouard M, Burt M, Christensen L, Düsterer S, Erk B, Höppner H, Kierspel T, Krecinic F, Lauer A, Lee JWL, Müller M, Müller E, Mullins T, Redlin H, Schirmel N, Thøgersen J, Techert S, Toleikis S, Treusch R, Trippel S, Ulmer A, Vallance C, Wiese J, Johnsson P, Küpper J, Rudenko A, Rouzée A, Stapelfeldt H, Rolles D, and Boll R

Abstract

We explore time-resolved Coulomb explosion induced by intense, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses from a free-electron laser as a method to image photo-induced molecular dynamics in two molecules, iodomethane and 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene. At an excitation wavelength of 267 nm, the dominant reaction pathway in both molecules is neutral dissociation via cleavage of the carbon-iodine bond. This allows investigating the influence of the molecular environment on the absorption of an intense, femtosecond XUV pulse and the subsequent Coulomb explosion process. We find that the XUV probe pulse induces local inner-shell ionization of atomic iodine in dissociating iodomethane, in contrast to non-selective ionization of all photofragments in difluoroiodobenzene. The results reveal evidence of electron transfer from methyl and phenyl moieties to a multiply charged iodine ion. In addition, indications for ultrafast charge rearrangement on the phenyl radical are found, suggesting that time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging is sensitive to the localization of charge in extended molecules.

Published
2018
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