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This study aimed to explore the potential of Nasturtium officinale L. leaves extract (NOLE) in safeguarding hepatocytes against N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by investigating its effects on biochemical, molecular, and antioxidant pathways. The study also delved into NOLE's role in modulating the HOTAIR/miR-124/Notch1 axis pathway. In this study, 50 Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=10/group): normal, HCC-induced (100 mg/kg DEN), HCC rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg DEN + NOLE, and normal rats treated with 200 mg/kg NOLE. At the study's conclusion, serum levels of liver function markers (such as albumin, total protein, bilirubin, C-reactive protein, ALT, AST, and ALP), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL- 1b, IL-10, and TNF-a), and oxidative parameters [including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, and nitric oxide (NO) levels] were assessed. The levels of HOTAIR, miR-124, Notch1, and Jagged1 genes and proteins in liver tissue were measured. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate P53-positive cells in liver hepatocytes. DEN administration led to significant alterations in body and liver weight, serum liver enzymes, antioxidant levels, inflammatory markers, and expression of genes/proteins related to the HOTAIR/miR-124/Notch1 axis in liver pathways. NOLE exhibited dose-dependent effects in mitigating these changes, notably enhancing weight, liver health, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory responses, especially at the 200 mg/kg dosage. Histopathological assessments revealed structural improvements in liver tissue with NOLE treatment. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of NOLE in exerting anti-cancer effects against DEN-induced HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Liver transplant is the treatment indicated for those liver diseases in which other therapeutic measures have already been exhausted, and it is a complex procedure. Post-surgical complications are related to high morbidity and mortality and can lead to fatal outcomes. Vascular complications are the ones with the highest mortality, so early detection and timely treatment are crucial. The objective of this study was to characterize patients who presented vascular complications after liver transplantation. Methods. Descriptive, retrospective study, with follow-up of patients undergoing liver transplant at the Fundación Cardiovascular, between 2013 and 2023, who presented vascular complications. The type of complication, risk factors and postsurgical outcomes were evaluated. Results. A total of 82 transplant patients were included, with a predominance of males with 59.8% (n=49); the main indication for transplant was alcoholism (21.9%). Twenty patients presented vascular complications; the most frequent was hepatic artery thrombosis 45% (n=9). In three of these cases a new transplant was required. Conclusion. Vascular complications worsen the postoperative clinical course of patients and are associated with high morbidity and mortality, which is why multidisciplinary assessment, diagnosis and early intervention are crucial to reduce fatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creatine is a supplement used by athletes and physical activity practitioners, however, the adverse effects of this supplement are still the subject of several scientific debates. Objective: To evaluate creatine supplementation associated with high-intensity strength training on kidney and liver biomarkers in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=24) were divided into four groups: sedentary (S); sedentary + creatine (SC); trained (T); trained + creatine (TC). The creatine groups were supplemented with 0.040g/kg/body weight of creatine. Strength training consisted of vertical jumps in a water tank, 3 days/week, for 8 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected for renal and/or liver biochemical analysis. The One-way-ANOVA test was used with p< 0.05. Results: Training associated with creatine increased proteinuria in the TC group (16.38 ± 1.94 mg/24h) compared to the SC group (9.58±1.84 mg/24h) (p=0.02). Training, with or without creatine, was effective in increasing plasma lactate concentration in T (61.17 ± 2.7 mg/dL) and TC (82.2 ± 13.1 mg/dL) animals compared to sedentary animals. (40.17 ± 0.65 mg/dL) as well as creatinine and plasma osmolality and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). However, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), plasma and urinary sodium and potassium concentrations, glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) and the GOT/GPT ratio were not altered by strength exercise or creatine. Conclusion: The renal and hepatic changes evidenced appear to be caused by physiological adaptations to physical exercise and/or creatine supplementation, and not by injuries to these organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that accumulates in kidney and liver. L-carnitine(LC) is a natural compound that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L-carnitine against cadmium-induced changes in liver and kidney tissues in prepubertal female rats. In this study 21-day-old female Wistar Albino rats were used. Control, cadmium (2 mg/kg cadmium intraperitoneally), L-carnitine (300 mg/kg orally) and cadmium+L-carnitine groups were formed. Liver and kidney tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson Trichrome. Histological scoring was performed in liver and kidney. In the liver tissue given Cd, bile duct proliferation, inflammation cells and connective tissue in the portal area were decreased in treatment group. In kidneys, cadmium group treated with L-carnitine, it was observed that the capillary congestion in the kidneys decreased,but tubular dilatation continued in some places. In fibrosis scoring of the liver groups,statistically significant decrease was observed in the Cd+LC group compared to group of cadmium. In the histological scoring results of the kidney groups, statistically significant decrease in congestion and tubular epithelial degeneration was observed in the group treated with L-carnitine compared to group with cadmium. In conclusion medium-dose cadmium has toxic effects in liver and kidney of prepubertal female rats in subacute period,these effects are alleviated with L-carnitine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and aims: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease whose gastrointestinal compromise mainly involves the pancreas, bile ducts, and liver. Our aim was to analyze abdominal ultrasound findings. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted on adults (patients ≥ 16 years of age) diagnosed with CF, within the time frame of 2006-2019. Clinical and genetic parameters, body mass index, forced expiratory volume in one second, pancreatic insufficiency, CF-related diabetes, cirrhosis secondary to CF, and abdominal ultrasound images were analyzed. Results: Seventy patients, 39 of whom were men (55.8%), had a mean age of 27 years and a mean body mass index of 21.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2 (r: 17-30.9). Forty-seven (67.1%) presented with pancreatic insufficiency, 6 (8.5%) with cirrhosis secondary to CF, and 21 (30%) had CF-related diabetes. Median forced expiratory volume in one second was 47% and the F508del mutation was found in 56.1%. Images of the pancreas: no pathologic findings in 49 (70%), increased echogenicity in 18 (25.7%), and cysts in 3 (4.3%). Gallbladder images: microgallbladder in 3 (4.2%), biliary sludge in 2 (2.8%), gallstones in 7 (10%), and a history of cholecystectomy in 4 (5.8%). Liver and spleen images: no pathologic findings in 47 (67.2%), homogeneous hepatomegaly with splenomegaly in 2 (2.8%), a heterogeneous pattern of the parenchyma in 11 (15.8%), increased echogenicity in 4 (5.7%), and heterogeneous echo patterns, lobulated liver contour, and splenomegaly in 6 (8.5%). Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound is a safe, low-cost technique that enables the identification of some degree of chronic liver and pancreatic diseases, improving the approach and follow-up decisions in adult patients with CF. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La fibrosis quística (FQ) es una enfermedad genética cuya afectación gastrointestinal implica principalmente al páncreas, los conductos biliares y el hígado. El objetivo es analizar los hallazgos ecográficos abdominales. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de adultos ≥16 años con diagnóstico FQ, periodo evaluado 2006-2019. Se analizaron los parámetros clínicos, genéticos, el índice de masa corporal, el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo, insuficiencia pancreática, diabetes relacionada con FQ, cirrosis secundaria a FQ e informes de la ecografía abdominal. Resultados: Setenta pacientes, 39 (55.8%) varones, mediana de edad: 27 años. Media de índice de masa corporal 21.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2 (r: 17-30.9). Insuficiencia pancreática en 47 (67.1%), cirrosis secundaria a FQ en 6 (8.5%), diabetes relacionada con FQ en 21 (30%) pacientes. Mediana volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo 47%. F508del en el 56.1%. Imágenes en páncreas: sin hallazgos patológicos en 49 (70%), aumento de la ecogenicidad en 18 (25.7%) y quistes en 3 (4.3%). Imágenes en vesícula biliar: microvesícula en 3 (4.2%), barro biliar en 2 (2.8%), cálculos biliares en 7 (10%), antecedente de colecistectomía en 4 (5.8%). Imágenes en hígado y bazo: sin hallazgos patológicos en 47 (67.2%) hepatomegalia homogénea con esplenomegalia en 2 (2.8%). Patrón heterogéneo del parénquima en 11 (15.8%), ecogenicidad aumentada en 4 (5.7%) ecoestructura heterogénea, bordes lobulados y esplenomegalia en 6 (8.5%). Conclusión: La ecografía abdominal es una técnica segura y de bajo costo que permite identificar algún grado de hepatopatía crónica y pancreática mejorando las decisiones en el abordaje y seguimiento de pacientes adultos con FQ.

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica de Risaralda is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Solid Organ Transplant recipients (SOTR) appear to be at particular high risk for critical COVID-19 due to immunosuppressive drugs and comorbidities. We report the first description of clinical course and short-term outcomes of kidney and liver transplant recipients with confirmed COVID-19 in Mexico. Objective: The objective of this paper was evaluate the clinical course of transplant patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated SOTR (kidney and liver) over 18 years of age with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 from tertiary care centers in Mexico. Results: Data from 45 kidney transplant recipients were recorded. Median (IQR) age was 43 (IQR 25-70) years. Admission to hospital was required in 37 (75.5 %) patients, of which 8 (16.3%) were hospitalized at Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Acute kidney injury (AKI) stage was documented in 33 (67%) patients. The time of hospitalization was 8 (IQR 6-12) days. Six patients died (12.2%). Additionally, data from 10 liver transplant recipients were included. During their evolution, 5 / 10 required hospital admission and there were no deaths in this group. Conclusions: Transplant recipients show a higher fatality rate and complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection; more studies are needed to identify prognostic factors and effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The livers of reptiles are being studied as a model for the link between the environment and hepatic tissue. There have been few investigations on the histology of reptile livers, and very few or no studies have examined the histology of liver of veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). This paper describes the histomorphological, histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the liver of veiled chameleons in southern Saudi Arabia. Seven Chamaeleo calyptratus were captured in the summer season in Abha City, Aseer region, southern Saudi Arabia. Chamaeleon liver samples were processed for histomorphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure analyses. Morphologically liver of Chamaeleo calyptratus was observed as a large dark brown organ with lighter speckles, which represent melanin deposits. It located at the ventral part of abdominal cavity forward of the stomach. Its dimensions approximately were 3.7 ' 2 cm. The liver was a bilobed organ divided into two lobes, right and left lobes. The right one was bigger than the others. The gallbladder was well developed and had an elongated shape, situated between the two lobes and contained the bile for the digestion. Microscopically, the liver was found to be covered by a thick layer of connective tissue, which formed the hepatic capsule. Hepatic parenchyma probably appeared in cross sections as hepatic glandular-like alveoli "acini" or follicular structures with various diameters, each acinus contains approximately four to six hepatocytes, surrounded by sinusoidal capillaries filled with abundant melanomacrophages, which are absent in birds and mammals. Melanomacrophages are common in the hepatic parenchyma's perisinusoidal areas, particularly near portal spaces. Hepatocytes are polyhedral or pyramidal with and mostly contained large, rounded nuclei mostly peripherally located, with prominent dark oval nucleoli. Some of nuclei are eccentric or central position. The cytoplasm appeared spongy or vacuolated and more eosinophilic when stained by hematoxylin-eosin and strongly reactive to PAS staining technique, indicating abundant glycogen content. The reticular fibers that surround hepatocytes, blood arteries, and sinusoids supported the hepatic parenchyma. The blood sinusoids are seen interspersed among hepatocytes of varying sizes. The sinusoidal lumen was bordered by flattened endothelial cells and includes elliptical nucleated erythrocytes and liver macrophages as phagocytes, which are also known as Kupffer cells. Branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, small bile duct, and lymph vessels were detected in the hepatic portal area "tract" or triad which made up of connective. Hematopoietic tissue was observed in subcapsular region and portal triads. Ultrastructurally, the hepatocyte appeared polyhedric containing a single large rounded basal or eccentric vesicular nucleus with prominent nucleolus. Extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) often arranged in an array parallel to the nuclear membrane with many mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus were described. The cytoplasm contained glycogen granules, vesicles or vacuoles scattered throughout the cytoplasm especially at the apical region were reported. The bile canaliculi and the hepatic "Kupffer" cells were also discussed. This is the first study on the histological characterization of the healthy liver of Yemen veiled chameleon in southern Saudi Arabia. The findings reported here should be used as a reference to compare with the pathological abnormalities of the liver in this animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of choice for decompensated liver cirrhosis. In the LT procedure, an adequate arterial supply is required for anastomosis to prevent postoperative necrosis and maintain hepatic parenchymal functions. The extrahepatic arterial system is primarily responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart, 25 % of total cardiac output. Normally, the celiac trunk gives off the common hepatic artery. The common hepatic artery branches into the hepatic artery proper and supplies blood to the hepatic parenchyma. Recognizing the anatomical variations of the hepatic artery proper is essential for the planning and implementation of LT. The extrahepatic arterial variations are hard to study in live humans because of the limitations of human rights. Studying cadavers can solve this problem. This study investigates the distribution of normal, accessory, and replaced hepatic arteries proper by dissecting Thai cadavers (n = 152; males = 82 and females = 70) in the Gross Anatomy Laboratory at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. The cadavers were preserved in a 10 % formaldehyde solution. The exclusion criteria for liver specimens were cirrhosis, liver carcinoma, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, and other liver masses. Accordingly, the extrahepatic arterial system was conventionally dissected and identified at the porta hepatis. The extrahepatic arterial system was identified and documented in terms of features of normal distribution and variations, such as accessory or replaced hepatic arteries. There were 75 % normal type, 18.42 % accessory left hepatic arteries (aLHA), 1.32 % replaced left hepatic arteries (rLHA), 0.66 % accessory right hepatic arteries (aRHA), 1.32 % of replaced right hepatic arteries (rRHA), 1.97 % of aLHA and aRHA, and 1.32 % aortic type. The identification of variations in the hepatic artery system is essential to detection of distribution patterns. This knowledge is crucial for promoting LT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La EW es causada por las variantes de ATP7B que alteran el eflujo de cobre y provocan una acumulación excesiva de cobre, principalmente en el hígado y el cerebro. El diagnóstico de la EW se ve dificultado por su evolución clínica variable, su aparición, su morbilidad y el tipo de variante ATP7B. Actualmente se diagnostica mediante una combinación de síntomas/signos clínicos, parámetros aberrantes del metabolismo del cobre (por ejemplo, niveles séricos bajos de ceruloplasmina y concentraciones elevadas de cobre urinario y hepático) y cuando están disponibles, a través de pruebas genéticas de mutaciones ATP7B. Dado que el diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoces son clave para obtener resultados favorables, es fundamental identificar a los sujetos antes de la aparición de manifestaciones clínicas manifiestamente perjudiciales. Con este fin, tratamos de mejorar el diagnóstico de la EW mediante algoritmos de redes neuronales artificiales (parte de la inteligencia artificial) integrando los parámetros clínicos y moleculares disponibles. Sorprendentemente, el diagnóstico de la EW se basó en los niveles plasmáticos de glutamato, asparagina, taurina y el cociente de Fischer. Dado que estos aminoácidos están relacionados con los ciclos urea-Krebs, nuestro estudio no sólo subraya el papel central de las mitocondrias hepáticas en la patología de la EW, sino también que la mayoría de los pacientes con EW presentan una disfunción hepática subyacente. Nuestro estudio aporta pruebas novedosas de que la inteligencia artificial utilizada para el análisis integrado de la EW puede dar lugar a un diagnóstico más precoz y a tratamientos mecánicamente relevantes para los pacientes con EW.

La rotura hepática es una complicación grave de un embarazo con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, está relacionada frecuentemente con la preeclampsia; excepcionalmente se puede presentar en una gestante sin preeclampsia o síndrome HELLP. Se presenta un caso de una gestante sin preeclampsia ni enfermedad hepática previa que desarrolla una rotura hepática en el puerperio, es diagnosticada oportunamente y manejada quirúrgicamente. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente.

Introducción: La ruptura de un hematoma subcapsular hepático resulta una rara complicación asociada con trastornos hipertensivos severos del embarazo como la preeclampsia, eclampsia y el Síndrome de Hellp. Objetivo: destacar la relevancia como causa de muerte de la ruptura hepática en el contexto del síndrome de Hellp, a través de un caso clínico. Presentación del caso: Se presenta a una paciente de 33 años, que cursa la semana 39 de gestación, la que acude al Servicio de Emergencias refiriendo dolor abdominal en hipogastrio de 8 horas de evolución, además de náuseas y malestar general. Embarazo de 41 semanas, óbito fetal, preeclamsia con signos de gravedad, Síndrome de Hellp tipo I y ruptura hepática grado IV. La sintomatología se exacerbó y provocó una evolución desfavorable. La observación y posteriores hallazgos diagnósticos motivaron la decisión de resolución quirúrgica. Conclusiones: La identificación temprana de los factores de riesgo durante la gestación es un factor clave en la prevención de enfermedades y sus posibles complicaciones.

Introducción. Las neoplasias quísticas mucinosas del hígado son tumores poco frecuentes, equivalen a menos del 5 % de todas las lesiones quísticas hepáticas y se originan generalmente en la vía biliar intrahepática, con poco compromiso extrahepático. En la mayoría de los casos su diagnóstico es incidental dado que es una entidad generalmente asintomática con un curso benigno; sin embargo, hasta en el 30 % pueden ser malignas. En todos los casos se debe hacer una resección quirúrgica completa de la lesión. Caso clínico. Se presentan dos pacientes con diagnóstico de neoplasia quística mucinosa en la vía biliar intrahepática, así como sus manifestaciones clínicas, hallazgos imagenológicos y tratamiento. Discusión. Debido a su baja incidencia, esta patología constituye un reto diagnóstico, que se puede confundir con otro tipo de entidades más comunes. El diagnóstico definitivo se hace de forma histopatológica, pero en todos los casos, ante la sospecha clínica, se recomienda la resección completa. Conclusión. Se presentan dos pacientes con diagnóstico de neoplasias quísticas mucinosas del hígado, una entidad poco frecuente y de difícil diagnóstico.

Introducción: El síndrome de Hellp y rotura hepática es una complicación poco frecuente especialmente en casos de embarazo gemelar, presentamos el caso de un hematoma subcapsular hepático roto por síndrome de HELLP que complicó un embarazo gemelar que requirió cesárea de emergencia y para el manejo de la hipovolemia el empaquetamiento hepático.Presentación del caso: Femenina, 41 años, gestación gemelar de 35 semanas, acude a emergencia por contracciones uterina y ausencia de movimientos fetales. Ante bradicardia severa de ambos fetos, se decide cesárea de urgencia. Al abrir la cavidad abdominal se encuentra hemoperitoneo, se logra extraer ambos fetos vivos. Se realiza laparotomía media, supra e infraumbilical exploradora (postcesárea) y se halla rotura hepática del lóbulo derecho. Se procede a empaquetamiento hepático con 11 compresas de gasas, colocación de 4 drenes Penrose laminares y cierre temporal abdominal, el manejo del shock hipovolémico y la preeclampsia se continuó en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos la paciente se fue de alta en buenas condiciones a los 21 días. Conclusión: El síndrome de HELLP produce complicaciones graves como rotura hepática que si no es tratada correctamente en forma temprana y multidisciplinaria puede llevar a producir mortalidad materno perinatal.

RESUMEN Introducción. En comparación con otros países, los estudios sobre características anatómicas del conducto cístico son escasos. Objetivo. Describir las características anatómicas del conducto cístico en una muestra de 60 especímenes cadavéricos en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo analítico transversal donde se empleó y diseco el conducto cístico de 60 bloques digestivos humanos. Resultados. Siguiendo la clasificación de Taybi, se encontraron variaciones con implantación alta (75%), baja (25%), en espiral anterior (1.6%), espiral posterior (1.6%), conducto cístico accesorio (1.6%) y doble conducto cístico (3.2%). En cuanto a las dimensiones del conducto cístico este presentó una longitud promedio de 19.4mm y un diámetro promedio de 3.3mm. Las características anatómicas usuales fueron similares a las reportadas en la literatura. Conclusiones. La anatomía usual está presente en el 92% de los casos y las variantes anatómicas en el 8%. La longitud y el diámetro del conducto cístico están dentro del promedio reportado en la literatura.

Objetivo: determinar si la terapia neural es una opción de tratamiento que pueda utilizarse sin la aparición de efectos adversos. Materiales y métodos: se presenta y analiza el caso de una paciente que ingresó a urgencias por dolor abdominal generalizado diagnosticándose hematoma hepático. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica. Resultados: se procedió a efectuar laparotomía con cirugía de control de daños, obteniendo resultados satisfactorios con egreso hospitalario sin complicaciones agregadas. Conclusiones: la terapia neural es un tratamiento del cual no se tiene suficiente evidencia científica que avale su seguridad en los pacientes.

We aimed to investigate the protective effect of linoleic acid on liver toxicity induced by methotrexate. The study was carried out in partnership with the Department of Anatomy and Department of Medical Pharmacology of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, using the laboratory facilities of the Department of Medical Pharmacology. Human hepatocyte cell line (CRL11233) cells obtained from the American Type Culture Collection Organization (ATCC) were used. Expressions of apoptotic pathway markers, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), BAX, BCL 2, GADD 153, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and CASPASE-3 were evaluated. All analyzes were examined in four groups (Group 1; control, Group 2; linoleic acid given, Group 3; methotrexate given and Group 4; linoleic acid and methotrexate given). The mean ± standard error values of the obtained results as nanogram / milliliter (ng / ml) are in Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV, respectively; AIF values, 0.4150 ± 0.1208, 0.3633 ± 0.2389, 1.792 ± 0.3611 and 1.077 ± 0.1646, BAX values, 0.900 ± 0.1864, 1.002 ± 0.2098, 8.352 ± 1.467 and 4.295 ± 1.522, BCL 2 values, 13.93 ± 1.198, 13.92 ± 1.739, 2.938 ± 1.059 and 9.250 ± 1.492, GADD 153, 0.7333 ± 0.1751, 0.7067 ± 0.2115, 1.650 ± 0.2950 and 1.237 ± 0.1805, GRP78, 0.4767 ± 0.1804, 0.5233 ± 0.1590, 2.183 ± 0.2639 and 1.112 ± 0.2693, CASPASE-3 values, 1.127 ± 0.2033, 0.8317 ± 0.3392, 13.50 ± 1.871 and 8.183 ± 1.030. It was determined that linoleic acid has a protective effect on methotrexate-induced liver toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In living beings, antioxidants are of vital importance for protection against oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Silymarin (SM), a plant-derived flavonoid present in the fruits and seeds of milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., has a recognized hepatoprotective effect. In this work, the in vitro silymarin antioxidant effect on non-enzymatic peroxidation (NEP) in chicken liver mitochondria and microsomes was studied. Oxidative stress in the organelles was induced by subjecting the samples (1 mg of protein) to an ascorbate-Fe++-dependent prooxidant system at 37 °C. Oxidative damage was quantified by chemiluminescence (CL) using a Packard1900 TR liquid scintillation counter (Meriden CT, USA). CL expressed as cpm (counts per minute) was read every 10 minutes to establish the course of peroxidation as a function of time. Likewise, the total cpm value (sum of the readings) was used to compare the inhibitory effect of SM using different concentrations corresponding to 6.25; 12.5, and 25 μg of the active ingredient (silymarin phosphatide) per mg of mitochondrial and microsomal protein. Controls were run simultaneously without the addition of ascorbate. Peroxidation inhibition was dependent on the concentration of SM in the incubation mixture. The results show that a protective effect on induced oxidative damage was found for all concentrations tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal is the property of Peruvian Journal of Maternal Perinatal Research / Revista Peruana de Investigacion Materno Perinatal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fundamento: la segmentación del hígado utilizando datos de tomografía computarizada es el primer paso para el diagnóstico de enfermedades hepáticas. Actualmente la segmentación de estructuras y órganos, basado en imágenes, que se realiza en los hospitales del país, dista de tener los niveles de precisión que se obtienen de los modernos sistemas 3D, por lo que se requiere buscar alternativas viables utilizando el PDI sobre ordenador.Objetivo: determinar una variante eficaz y eficiente desde el punto de vista computacional en condiciones de rutina hospitalaria, para la segmentación de imágenes hepáticas con fines clínicos.Métodos: se compararon dos métodos modernos de segmentación (Graph Cut y EM/MPM) aplicándolos sobre imágenes de tomografía de hígado. Se realizó un análisis evaluativo y estadístico de los resultados obtenidos en la segmentación de las imágenes a partir de los coeficientes de Dice, Vinet y Jaccard.Resultados: con el método Graph Cut, en todos los casos, se segmentó la región deseada, incluso cuando la calidad de las imágenes era baja, se observó gran similitud entre la imagen segmentada y la máscara de referencia. El nivel de detalles visuales es bueno y la reproducción de bordes permanece fiel a la máscara de referencia. La segmentación de las imágenes por el método de EM/MPM, no siempre fue satisfactoria.Conclusiones: el método de segmentación Graph Cut obtuvo mayor precisión para segmentar imágenes de hígado.

The term cholestasis refers to bile acid retention, whether within the hepatocyte or in the bile ducts of any caliber. Biochemically, it is defined by a level of alkaline phosphatase that is 1.67-times higher than the upper limit of normal. Cholestatic diseases can be associated with an inflammatory process of the liver that destroys hepatocytes (hepatitis), withjaundice (yellowing of the skin and mucus membranes, associated with elevated serum bilirubin levels), or with both, albeit the three concepts should not be considered synonymous. Cholestatic diseases can be classified as intrahepatic or extrahepatic, depending on their etiology. Knowing the cause of the condition is important for choosing the adequate diagnostic studies and appropriate treatment in each case. A complete medical history, together with a thorough physical examination and basic initial studies, such as liver ultrasound and liver function tests, aid the clinician in deciding which path to follow, when managing the patient with cholestasis. In a joint effort, the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología (AMH), the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología (AMG) and the Asociación Mexicana de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal (AMEG) developed the first Mexican scientific position statement on said theme. Resumen: El término colestasis se refiere a la retención de ácidos biliares ya sea dentro del hepatocito o en los ductos biliares de cualquier calibre. Por laboratorio, se define por la elevación de fosfatasa alcalina arriba de 1.67 veces su valor normal. Las enfermedades colestásicas pueden asociarse a un proceso inflamatorio de la glándula hepática que provoca destrucción de los hepatocitos (hepatitis), a ictericia (coloración amarillenta de piel y mucosas asociada a elevación en niveles séricos de bilirrubinas) o ambas, aunque estos tres conceptos no deben considerarse sinónimos. Los padecimientos colestásicos pueden clasificarse como intra o extrahepáticos dependiendo de su etiología, y esto es importante para elegir los estudios diagnósticos adecuados y la terapéutica indicada en cada uno de los casos. Una historia clínica completa, aunada a exploración física exhaustiva y estudios iniciales básicos como el ultrasonido hepático y las pruebas de funcionamiento del hígado pueden ayudar al clínico a decidir el camino a seguir al enfrentarse al paciente con colestasis. La Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología, la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología y la Asociación Mexicana de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal decidieron trabajar en el primer posicionamiento científico mexicano sobre este tema.

Introducción. El cistoadenoma mucinoso biliar es una neoplasia rara con alta probabilidad de malignidad. Su diagnóstico es un reto ya que se asemeja a otras masas benignas que pueden encontrarse en el hígado. Caso clínico. Mujer de 21 años con sensación de masa en hipocondrio derecho, a quien se le realizan marcadores tumorales y estudios de imágenes concluyendo que se trataba de un cistadenoma mucinoso biliar. Resultado. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con cistoadenoma mucinoso biliar, diagnosticada y tratada exitosamente con cirugía. Conclusión. El diagnóstico de cistoadenoma mucinoso biliar se confirma mediante marcadores tumorales y estudios radiológicos, y su tratamiento es quirúrgico debido al riesgo de malignidad.

Background: Abnormalities of liver morphology are rare, divided into two categories: those resulting from overgrowth of liver tissue, such as the Riedel lobe and other accessory lobes, and those with poor liver development include agenesis, hypoplasia and aplasia of the hepatic lobes. Presentation of the case: 57-year-old man, subjected to laparoscopic programmed inguinal surgery, finding liver hypoplasia. Conclusions: Hepatic hypoplasia is rare, has no symptoms or long-term clinical repercussions, is usually an incidental finding during an imaging study or during an abdominal surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups; Group 1 as a sham group. Group 2 as a control group, Group 3 as 100 mg/kg CDP-choline administered group, Group as 200 mg/kg CDP-choline administered group, and Group 5 as sepsis group. The sepsis model was performed by ligating and perforating the caecum of rats. Liver and small intestine tissues were assessed either histologically or quantitatively and qualitatively. There was a significant difference between the sepsis and CDP-choline groups for liver and intestinal damage evaluated in tissue samples. (p <0.001). CDP-choline treatment partially improved dose-dependent the clinical parameters of sepsis and septic shock, reversed micro-anatomical damage caused by sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The trace element zinc is essential for the construction and function of cellular proteins. The current study aimed to estimate the improved cause of zinc on the changes resulting from high concentrations of cholesterol. In this experiment, thirty male rats aged 3-4 months were randomly divided into three groups of ten rats each. Control group: the animals did not receive any treatment, cholesterol group: the animals received cholesterol at a concentration of 400 mg/kg mixed with diet for 4 weeks, while in the zinc group: rats received cholesterol at a concentration of 400 mg/kg for 4 weeks, then zinc was given 20 mg/kg for another 4 weeks. The study period was 56 days, after its completion, hematological and biochemical parameters were studied, in addition to the histological examination of the liver. The results showed that cholesterol treatment alone led to significant negative changes in hematological, biochemical and histological indices. Whereas zinc administration to experimental rats resulted in clear positive effects in those parameters. We concluded that the cholesterol-damaged rats improved after receiving zinc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perinatal asphyxia is an event with far-reaching consequences that can lead not only to the development of neonatal encephalopathy, but also to multiple organ failure (MOF). This ailment may result from the redistribution of blood flow, which would preserve the perfusion of vital organs such as the heart, brain and adrenal glands at the expense of other organs.The objective of the study was to determine the incidence and aetiopathogenesis of failure in the organs most frequently involved in neonatal MOF following perinatal asphyxia.We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases using the MeSH terms (ischemia AND hypoxia AND multiorgan dysfunction AND neonat*), (asphyxia AND multiorgan dysfunction AND neonat*) and (liver/kidney/digestive OR gastrointestinal/heart injury AND ischemia AND hypoxia AND neonat*). We selected clinical and preclinical studies published after 2000 and excluded case series, letters to the editor, cohort studies without comparison groups and abstracts.In this study, we found that MOF associated with perinatal asphyxia is a frequent phenomenon with a relevant impact on neonatal morbidity and mortality, as it can cause changes not only in the kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract, but also cardiomyopathy if the ailment is protracted or severe. Resumen: La asfixia perinatal es un acontecimiento con efectos de gran alcance, pudiendo conducir no solo al desarrollo de encefalopatía neonatal, sino también a un fallo multiorgánico (FMO). Esta afectación posiblemente se deba a la redistribución del flujo sanguíneo, mediante el cual se conserva la irrigación de órganos vitales como el corazón, el cerebro y las glándulas suprarrenales, a expensas de su disminución en otros órganos.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer la incidencia y la etiopatogenia de los órganos más frecuentemente afectados en el FMO neonatal tras la asfixia perinatal.Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y The Cochrane Library empleando los términos MeSH (ischemia AND hypoxia AND multiorgan dysfunction AND neonat*), (asphyxia AND multiorgan dysfunction AND neonat*) y (liver/kidney/digestive OR gastrointestinal/heart injury AND ischemia AND hypoxia AND neonat*). Se incluyeron trabajos clínicos y preclínicos posteriores al año 2000 y se excluyeron series de casos, cartas al director, cohortes sin grupo comparador y abstracts.En el presente trabajo describimos que el fallo multiorgánico asociado a la asfixia perinatal es un fenómeno frecuente y relevante en la morbimortalidad del neonato, pudiendo llegar a producir no solo alteraciones en riñón, hígado y tracto gastrointestinal, sino también miocardiopatía si el fenómeno se prolonga o es de elevada gravedad.

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da Unipar is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and aims: Cadaveric donor liver graft retrieval is complex in Mexico. The aim of the present article was to present the experience in liver graft use during the first year of work of a local evaluation and procurement team. Materials and methods: We reviewed the organ donation report forms and allocation offer records covering the time frame of December 15, 2017 to December 15, 2018, and registered the donor characteristics, causes of organ discard, causes of declined offers, transport time, and graft and recipient survival at 30 days. Results: There were 17 donations and we completed the evaluation of 14. Two donors were considered ideal (14.2%) and 12 were expanded criteria donors (ECDs) (85.7%). Two grafts with steatosis were not offered (14.2%). Twelve liver grafts were offered 88 times (mean 7.6 offers per graft). The acceptance rate was 6% for public hospitals and 23.6% for private hospitals (p = 0.016). One graft was discarded during the procurement process due to steatosis. The rate of use after evaluation was 78.5% (11/14). All the grafts were procured by the local team and 9 (81.8%) were transported by commercial airline (median 240 min, range 85 min). Graft and recipient survival at 30 days was 100%. Conclusions: The participation of a local evaluation and procurement team notably increased liver graft use with excellent results. Commercial airline transportation of the grafts to all active transplantation centers of the country resulted in cold ischemia times

Introduction: Although changes in liver function tests can be non-specific in numerous clinical conditions, they can be the first sign of a potentially serious disease in an asymptomatic patient. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study, performed by reviewing the records of children of a reference hospital central laboratory with alanine aminotransferase enzyme (ALT) elevation during a 6-month aleatory period. Results: 572 blood tests with serum ALT elevation corresponding to 403 patients have been assessed during the period studied. 98 patients were excluded for presenting abnormal liver test before the study period of comorbidity that could produce ALT elevation. The remaining 305 patients, 22.6% were diagnosed with a medical condition during the first blood test that explained the ALT elevation, although only 33.3% of them were followed up until verifying their normalisation. Final study sample consists of 236 patients with abnormal liver test without apparent liver disease. Adequate follow-up was found only in 29% of them. From this group, 9 patients (13%) were diagnosed with liver disease. The rest of the samples were not properly monitored. In patients with higher serum ALT levels, follow-up was early and more appropriate. Conclusions: In our area, most children without apparent liver disease are no properly monitored. Therefore, an opportunity to diagnosis and treat a potential liver disease was lost in a great number of children. All children with unexplained hypertransaminasaemia must be studied. Resumen: Introducción: Las alteraciones del perfil hepático constituyen un hecho inespecífico propio de numerosas condiciones clínicas. Sin embargo, puede implicar la primera manifestación de una patología potencialmente grave en un paciente asintomático. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluye todas las analíticas sanguíneas con elevación de alanino aminotransferasa (ALT) en pacientes pediátricos solicitadas en un sector sanitario en un período de 6 meses. Resultados: Se registraron 572 analíticas correspondientes a 403 pacientes. Se excluyeron 98 pacientes con hipertransaminasemia ya conocida o comorbilidad. De los 305 restantes, el 22,6% se diagnosticaron de patología asociada a hipertransaminasemia, y de estos, se comprobó normalización en el 33,3%. De los 236 pacientes con hipertransaminasemia sin justificar se realizó un seguimiento en el 29%, encontrando patología hepática en 9 pacientes (13% del grupo). En el resto de la muestra no se comprobó analíticamente la evolución de las transaminasas ni la presencia de posible patología hepática. Los pacientes con cifras más elevadas se controlan mejor y antes que los que presentan cifras más bajas. Conclusiones: En nuestra área, la mayoría de los niños sin enfermedad hepática aparente con hallazgo de ALT elevada no son adecuadamente controlados. Esto hace que se pierda una oportunidad única de diagnosticar y tratar precozmente una enfermedad hepática potencial en un gran número de niños. Todo niño con hipertransaminasemia inexplicada debe ser estudiado.

Introducción: El hígado se lesiona con mayor frecuencia en un trauma de abdomen de alta energía, con una incidencia entre 1 % y 8 %. Las lesiones traumáticas de las vías biliares son muy raras. Casos clínicos: Presentamos dos pacientes con trauma hepático grave, y compromiso extrahepático vascular y de la vía biliar; y el abordaje quirúrgico para preservar funcionalmente ambos lóbulos: Masculino de 1 año, trauma hepático grado V, lesión incompleta de vena porta derecha, a nivel de la bifurcación y del conducto biliar hepático izquierdo. Se reparó el daño portal y de la vía biliar. Femenina de dos años, trauma cerrado de abdomen, lesión del parénquima de lóbulo derecho del hígado, sección total del conducto hepático izquierdo, y contusión pancreática asociada. En ambos casos se realizó una hepáticoyeyunostomía en Y de Roux y conservación de ambos lóbulos. Conclusión: En los traumas complejos hepáticos que involucran ambos lóbulos, la evolución depende de calidad de la masa residual. La cirugía conservadora con reconstrucciones vasculares y biliares, evita un fallo hepático agudo, permite ganar tiempo hasta la regeneración funcional del parénquima y proteger de una eventual insuficiencia hepática postoperatoria.

La modificación de la ubicación de injertos hepáticos para selección por el criterio de gravedad basado en el model for end-stage liver disease (Meld) aún no fue debidamente analizada en Brasil con respecto a la distribución de las indicaciones al transplante y a la mortalidad entre los pacientes inscritos. En un contexto de baja donación y captación de órganos, esta evaluación es relevante. Objetivo: Comparar la mortalidad en la lista de espera de transplante hepático en Brasil antes y después de la adopción del score Meld como criterio de ubicación en la fila: general, por grupo diagnóstico y por rango de Meld a la inscripción. Métodos: Fueron estudiados, retrospectivamente, 899 pacientes (medianas de edad=52,8 años, índice de masa corpórea=25,2 y Meld=18) divididos en los períodos pre (n=320, 35,6%) y post-Meld (n=579, 64,4%) y en grupos: 1 (n=480, 53,4%): cirrosis etanólica, criptogénica y autoinmune; 2 (n=80, 8,9%): enfermedades biliares; 3 (n=93, 10,3%): enfermedades metabólicas y otros; y 4 (n=246, 27,4%): cirrosis postviral B y C. Puntuación especial fue atribuida al 19,5% de los pacientes, de acuerdo con criterios de la legislación. La muestra fue dividida también por rangos de Meld a la inscripción (24). Las mortalidades de la lista de espera de los grupos pre y post-Meld fueron comparadas en la muestra total, en cada grupo diagnóstico y en cada rango de Meld. Resultados: La incidencia de indicaciones al transplante fue diferente en las eras pre y post-Meld (p=0,049), aumentando en el grupo 3 (de 8,1 para 11,6%) y reduciéndose en el grupo 4 (de 32,5 para 24,5%). De los inscritos, 32,9% fallecieron antes del transplante. El Meld promedio aumentó de 16 para 20 (p24, no hubo cambio significativo en la mortalidad en la lista de espera. Por fin, la sobrevida en uno, tres y 12 meses después del transplante no varió significativamente entre la era preMeld y post-Meld. Conclusión: Comparándose los grupos pre y post-Meld, los pacientes fueron inscritos cuando estaban más graves, y hubo reducción del tiempo promedio de evolución en la lista para el desenlace y disminución de la mortalidad en la lista de espera sin modificación de la sobrevida postransplante. Los grupos diagnósticos 1 y 2 fueron beneficiados. Además de esto, la disminución de la mortalidad en la lista de espera fue observada entre los pacientes con Meld24.

We present the case of a 56-year-old black female patient from a rural area in the Morón municipality, Ciego de Ávila province, Cuba. She was admitted with symptoms of dysentery with several days of evolution and a later episode of high fever, compromised general status, and abdominal pain located in the right hypochondrium. Analytical studies reported leukocytosis with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells, Entamoeba histolytica was found in the stool study. Abdominal ultrasound reported a mixed image of 110 x 84 mm in the upper right lobe of the liver, as confirmed by computed tomography. This image was interpreted as a possible liver abscess. The patient received antimicrobial treatment for four weeks without a good response, thus requiring surgical intervention. She evolved favorably and was discharged after 21 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: liver segmentation using computed tomography data is the first step for the diagnosis of liver diseases. Currently, the segmentation of structures and organs, based on images, which is carried out in the country's hospitals, is far from having the levels of precision obtained from modern 3D systems, it is necessary to search for viable alternatives using the PDI on a computer. Objective: to determine an effective and efficient variant from the computational point of view in routine hospital conditions, for the segmentation of liver images for clinical purposes. Methods: Two modern segmentation methods (Graph Cut and EM/MPM) were compared by applying them to liver tomography images. An evaluative and statistical analysis of the results obtained in the segmentation of the images from the Dice, Vinet and Jaccard coefficients was carried out. Results: with the Graph Cut method, in all cases, the desired region was segmented, even when the quality of the images was low, great similarity was observed between the segmented image and the reference mask. The level of visual detail is good, and edge reproduction remains true to the reference skin. Image segmentation by the EM/MPM method was not always satisfactory. Conclusions: the Graph Cut segmentation method obtained greater precision to segment liver images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent inducing liver and kidney damage. In this study, we intended to investigate the impact of kefir beverage, an essential probiotic and functional food, on liver and kidney damage induced by cisplatin. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control, Cisplatin (single dose of 7 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), Kefir (2 ml/d, 7 d, oral gavage), and Cisplatin+Kefir (CK). At the end of day 7, animals were euthanized. Blood, kidney, and liver tissue samples were collected. For both tissues, biochemically ALT, AST, Urea, Creatine; histomorphologically, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, were performed. Serum urea and creatinine levels of the Cisplatin group were significantly higher than the Control group (p<0.05). In the CK group, kefir consumption decreased urea and creatinin levels approached to Control and Kefir groups. Cisplatin resulted in higher ALT and AST activities, indicating hepatocellular damage, compared to the Control group (p<0.05). Kefir consumption decreased ALT activities approached to both the Control and Kefir group. Histomorphological observations were in agreement biochemical results. In liver and kidney tissues, structural damage was observed with an increase in collagen fibers in the Cisplatin group, and Caspase-3 activity was immunohistochemically higher than in the other groups. In the CK group, collagen fiber increase, structural damage, and Caspase-3 activities were less than in the Cisplatin group. Kefir consumption alleviated liver and kidney damage. However, more research is required to understand such effect of kefir better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta un caso de quiste hidático pequeño no complicado, de la cara posterior del lóbulo derecho del hígado. Se destaca la importancia y la necesidad de utilizar la gammagrafía hepática en todo paciente hidático para establecer el diagnóstico precoz y la exacta topografía de estas lesiones. Se expone el tratamiento realizado considerado de elección por la oportunidad, la vía de abordaje y el procedimiento realizado según el método de Posadas.

Se plantean las indicaciones de los abordajes de la logia subfrénica derecha por vía de la XP costilla en los -procesos hepáticos posterosuperiores, preferentemente en los quistes hidatídicos. .Se destaca la importancia de una correcta localización previa del proceso patológico hepático y su contacto posterior. Se hace un estudio anatomofuncional de la región toracoabdominal distinguiendo los sectores de la dinámica vertebral o interno, de la dinámica respiratoria o intermedio y de la cincha abdominal o sector €xterno. Se diferencian desde el punto de vista quirúrgico en la XFI costilla tres sectores: interno ( yuxtavertebral o de neumotórax), intermedio ( en relación con pleura muda o quirúrgica) y externo (centro nodal de 1as inserciones musculares) . Se indican la posición operatoria y la elección de anestesia, de acuerdo al estado general del paciente y el grado de complicación de la enfermedad. Se analizan los cinco tiempos, plano por plano, del abordaje operatorio que llevan a la zona extraperitoneal del hígado a través del sector quirúrgico de la XF1 costilla. Se dan detalles básicos de conducta para los drenajes y postoperatorios de la hidatidosis hepática de esa zona.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de raza negra de 56 años procedente de área rural de Morón, provincia Ciego de Ávila (Cuba), quien ingresa por cuadro clínico de disentería de varios días de evolución acompañado de fiebre, compromiso de su estado general y dolor abdominal en el hipocondrio derecho. Los estudios analíticos de laboratorio mostraron leucocitosis con predominio de neutrófilos y presencia de trofozoitos de Entamoeba histolytica en la materia fecal. La ecografía de abdomen reporto una imagen mixta de 110 x 84 mm en el lóbulo derecho del hígado y la tomografía confirmó la lesión que se interpretó como un posible absceso hepático. Se inició tratamiento antimicrobiano por un periodo de 4 semanas sin adecuada respuesta por lo que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico. Su evolución fue favorable con egreso a los 21 días.