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2. Utilization of long duration high-volume sampling coupled to SPME-GC-MS/MS for the assessment of airborne pesticides variability in an urban area (Strasbourg, France) during agricultural application

Author

Hélène Wolff, Céline Liaud, Clara Coscollà, Vicent Yusà, Michel Brucher, Claude Schummer, Maurice Millet, and Jean-Jacques Schwartz

Subjects
Chromatography, Gas, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Acetochlor, Cities, Pesticides, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fenpropimorph, Pesticide residue, Bromoxynil, Solid Phase Extraction, 010401 analytical chemistry, Pesticide Residues, Sampling (statistics), General Medicine, Pesticide, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Particulate Matter, France, Gas chromatography, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Agrochemicals, Environmental Monitoring, Food Science
Abstract

Atmospheric samples have been collected between 14 March and 12 September 2012 on a 2-week basis (15 days of sampling and exchange of traps each 7 days) in Strasbourg (east of France) for the analysis of 43 pesticides. Samples (particle and gas phases) were separately extracted using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and pre-concentrated by Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) before analysis by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Four SPME consecutive injections at distinct temperatures were made in order to increase the sensitivity of detection for the all monitored pesticides. Currently used detected pesticides can be grouped in four classes; those used in maize crops (acetochlor, benoxacor, dicamba, s-metolachlor, pendimethalin, and bromoxynil), in cereal crops (benoxacor, chlorothalonil, fenpropimorph, and propiconazole), in vineyards (tebuconazole), and as herbicides for orchards, meadows of green spaces (2,4-MCPA, trichlopyr). This is in accordance with the diversity of crops found in the Alsace region and trends observed are in accordance with the period of application of these pesticides. Variations observed permit also to demonstrate that the long time sampling duration used in this study is efficient to visualize temporal variations of airborne pesticides concentrations. Then, long time high-volume sampling could be a simple method permitting atmospheric survey of atmospheric contamination without any long analysis time and consequently low cost.

Published
2016
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3. Contamination des eaux pluviales par les micropolluants: avancées du projet INOGEV

Author

Dominique Demare, M. Saad, Hélène Wolff, M. Diallo Kessoo, Maurice Millet, Cédric Fratta, Cécile Mirande, Ghassan Chebbo, Véronique Ruban, Cécile Cren, Mélissa Delamain, Sylvie Barraud, Marie-Christine Gromaire, Philippe Dubois, Johnny Gasperi, Emilie Caupos, Régis Moilleron, C. Sebastian, Jj Schwartz, Stéphane Percot, Laure Wiest, laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13M10291, ANR 2009 - Projet INOGEV - 2009, ANR-09-VILL-0001,INOGEV,Innovations pour la gestion durables de l'eau en ville - connaissance et maîtrise de la contamination des eaux pluviales urbaines.(2009), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, VILLE, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Ocean Engineering, EAU PLUVIALE, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, ATMOSPHERE, METAUX LOURDS, MICROPOLLUANT, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, BASSIN VERSANT, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, ALKYLPHENOL, POLYBROMODIPHENYLETHERS (PBDE), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

This study aimed at i) providing for a large range of pollutants (n=77) information on their occurrence and concentration ranges in stormwater, ii) assessing the land use influence on stormwater quality and iii) analyzing the contribution of total atmospheric fallout (TAF) and endogenous sources to this contamination. Additionally, for poorly documented pollutants such as nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO and OPnEO), this study reported for the first time levels for some new concerning metals (As, Ti, Cr, V) and organic pollutants such as polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs), some pesticides and bisphenol A (BPA). For most of the pollutants, the stormwater quality at the outlet of three urban catchments exhibiting a different land use patterns did not significantly differ, suggesting that land use does no significantly influence the stormwater micropollutant contamination. No significant difference in terms of partitioning between all sites was also observed, indicating the not site-dependence. Finally, the contributions of TAF to stormwater contamination for micropollutants were rather low or very low. This underlines not only for PAHs as previously demonstrated in the literature but also for a larger range of molecules such as BPA, NPnEO, OPnEO and PBDEs a high local production related to the leaching of urban surfaces, buildings and vehicles. Knowledge gained in this study may be used soon to elaborate relevant decision support tools for i) urban stormwater practitioners and/or ii) watershed managers to reduce stormwater pollutant discharges; Cet article synthétise les résultats du projet INOGEV sur les concentrations de micropolluants organiques et métalliques dans les eaux pluviales strictes. Ce projet a permis non seulement d'étudier certains polluants jusqu'à lors faiblement documentés dans la littérature mais également d'établir les ordres de grandeurs des concentrations totales, dissoutes et particulaires dans les eaux pluviales. Excepté pour quelques micropolluants pour lesquels le trafic automobile est une source importante de contamination (certains métaux, HAP) et les PBDE, aucune différence significative n'a été obserÎe entre les trois bassins versants étudiés, la variabilité inter-éÎnementielle des concentrations sur un même site étant du même ordre de grandeur que la variabilité inter-sites. De manière générale, la distribution des polluants entre phases dissoute et particulaire dépend des propriétés physico-chimiques des molécules. Les métaux sont préférentiellement associés aux particules :) > 50% for As, Cd, Mo, Ni, V, Cu et Zn; et > 80% for Co, Cr, Pb et Ti. Pour les composés organiques, cette répartition dépend fortement du coefficient octanol - eau (Kow). Au regard des processus de production et de transfert sur les surfaces urbaines, les résultats indiquent pour un large panel de molécules que les apports atmosphériques ne contribuent que minoritairement à la pollution obserÎe aux exutoires, leur contribution n'excédant généralement pas 30%. Démontré pour les métaux et les HAP à travers des études antérieures, ce résultat est innovant pour les autres molécules étudiées et vient confirmer une production locale importante.

Published
2017
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4. Micropollutants in urban stormwater: occurrence, concentrations and atmospheric contributions for a wide range of contaminants in three French catchments

Author

Marie-Christine Gromaire, Philippe Dubois, C. Sebastian, Emilie Caupos, Laure Wiest, M. Diallo Kessoo, Hélène Wolff, Maurice Millet, M. Delamain, Ghassan Chebbo, Cédric Fratta, Jj Schwartz, Véronique Ruban, C. Cren, Sylvie Barraud, S. Percot, Régis Moilleron, Johnny Gasperi, D. Demare, M. Saad, Cécile Mirande, Gasperi, Johnny, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale (LGCIE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), laboratoire Eau, Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Département Géotechnique, Eau et Risques (IFSTTAR/GER), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Central d'Analyse (SCA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Projet ANR Ville durable - INOGEV

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Rain, bisphenol A, Stormwater, stormwater, polluants, PBDE, micropollutants, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Phenols, 11. Sustainability, Water Pollution, Chemical, ruissellement de toitures et de chaussees, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Leaching (agriculture), Benzhydryl Compounds, Cities, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Pollutant, Atmosphere, Environmental engineering, eaux pluviales, General Medicine, Particulates, Pesticide, Contamination, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Metals, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, France, atmopheric fallout, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; This study aimed at: (a) providing information on the occurrence and concentration ranges in urban stormwater for a wide array of pollutants (n = 77); (b) assessing whether despite the differences between various catchments (land use, climatic conditions, etc.), the trends in terms of contamination level are similar; and (c) analyzing the contribution of total atmospheric fallout (TAF) with respect to sources endogenous to this contamination. The studied contaminants include conventional stormwater contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Zn, Cu, Pb, etc.), in addition to poorly or undocumented pollutants such as nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO and OPnEO), bisphenol A (BPA), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a wide variety of pesticides, and various metals of relevance (As, Ti, Sr, V). Sampling and analysis were performed using homogeneous methods on three urban catchments with different land use patterns located in three distinct French towns. For many of these pollutants, the results do not allow highlighting a significant difference in stormwater quality at the scale of the three urban catchments considered. Significant differences were, however, observed for several metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr and Zn), PAHs, and PBDEs, though this assessment would need to be confirmed by further experiments. The pollutant distributions between dissolved and particulate phases were found to be similar across the three experimental sites, thus suggesting no site dependence. Lastly, the contributions of TAF to stormwater contamination for micropollutants were quite low. This finding held true not only for PAHs, as previously demonstrated in the literature, but also for a broader range of molecules such as BPA, NPnEO, OPnEO, and PBDEs, whose high local production is correlated with the leaching of urban surfaces, buildings, and vehicles.

Published
2014
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5. Rearing larvae of Lucilia sericata for chronic ulcer treatment--an improved method

Author

Hélène Wolff and Carita Hansson

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Improved method, Dermatology, Lucilia, Chronic ulcers, Toxicology, parasitic diseases, Maggot therapy, Skin Ulcer, medicine, Animals, Humans, Calliphoridae, music, Larva, Wound Healing, Debridement, music.instrument, biology, Maggot, Diptera, fungi, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Surgery
Abstract

Larval therapy is a biological 'dressing' for chronic ulcers which is used for debridement, to initiate healing and to reduce bacteria and unpleasant odour. One condition for being able to employ larval therapy is access to disinfected larvae of good quality. We therefore started rearing Lucilia sericata larvae in 1998. Rearing necrophagous larvae in a hospital setting makes it essential to control odour. The improvement of the method includes the use of a controlled, humid, warm environment with artificial light and inexpensive disposable material, as well as the use of ready-made, constantly available and aseptically produced nutrition for feeding larvae and flies. With equipment such as a refrigerator and freezer, larval food is kept fresh and odour-free and chloramine solution is used to disinfect the eggs and thus the larvae. Adhering to a proposed weekly working schedule makes the rearing procedure effective and reliable.

Published
2005

6. Detection of Serine Proteases Secreted by Lucilia sericata In vitro and During Treatment of a Chronic Leg Ulcer

Author

Artur Schmidtchen, Victoria Rydengård, Hélène Wolff, and Carita Hansson

Subjects
Proteases, medicine.drug_class, fungi, Antibiotics, Proteolytic enzymes, Dermatology, General Medicine, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Lucilia, In vitro, Microbiology, Serine, Biochemistry, medicine, Secretion, Wound healing
Abstract

Sir, For centuries, larval therapy has been recognized as an aid in wound healing. During the 1930s and 1940s, before the antibiotic era, larval therapy was commonly used by surgeons in the USA and Europe when treating various soft-tissue and bone infections. The most commonly used larval species is Lucilia sericata (LS). From a clinical point of view, the two major effects of larval therapy have been ascribed to their antibacterial and debriding mechanisms (1 – 4). In regard to the latter function it has been speculated that the larvae, when introduced into the wound, secrete proteolytic enzymes that enable them to degrade and ingest necrotic tissue. Here, we address this question and demonstrate that these larvae secrete a group of serine proteases when cultured in vitro. Furthermore, these serine proteases were detected in the wound fluid of a patient with a chronic leg ulcer treated with larvae. The data suggest that serine proteases of LS are released during treatment.

Published
2003
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