Search

Abstract This work presents a microwave resonant multi-parameter sensor devoted to the simultaneous extraction of three characteristics of a homogeneous solid sample: its dielectric permittivity, its loss tangent and its thickness. The device is composed of three coupled resonators in two different substrate boards, having the sample between the boards, in a sandwich configuration. Presence of the sample impacts the electrical response of the device, not only influencing resonators, but also by affecting inter-resonator couplings. A method to analyse the response of the device, allowing for the extraction of the desired characteristics of the sample is proposed, as well as an experimental calibration procedure. The model is built upon 990 simulations, calibrated with three reference-samples measurements and then tested over 18 experimental measurements, with good results, thereby validating the multi-parameter sensing approach.

Purpose: To compile all the scientific evidence available to date to evaluate the effect of virtual reality based therapy (VRBT) on reducing pain intensity, kinesiophobia, and associated disability, and on increasing the hr-QoL in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) or chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: Studies published in PubMed Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) up to June 2023 were searched. All searches followed the PICOS Framework. Two authors independently screened the studies found in the searches. Any differences of opinion regarding the selection of studies were settled by a third author. Results: Twenty-five RCTs, published between 2013 and 2022, providing data from 1261 patients (20 RCTs) with CLBP and 261 patients (five RCTs) with CNP, were included. In reducing pain intensity for patients with CLBP, meta-analyses showed that VRBT is effective in reducing pain just to the end of the intervention, and this effect could be maintained 1 and 6 months after the therapy. Conclusion: VRBT was found to be better than therapeutic exercise (TE), sham, and no intervention (NI), showing a major effect when VRBT was used as a complementary therapy to conventional physiotherapy (CPT). Further, VRBT showed an immediate effect and immersive VRBT was the most adequate VRBT modality in reducing pain in CNP patients. No differences were found between non-immersive VRBT and immersive VRBT in reducing pain, kinesiophobia, disability, and hr-QoL in patients with CLBP.

Abstract Monopolar capacitive diathermy is a physiotherapy technique that uses high-frequency currents to generate heat in deep tissues. This heat can have several therapeutic effects, especially in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP), however, until now there is little evidence of this type of diathermy. The purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of a pulsed monopolar dielectric radiofrequency diathermy (PRF)-capacitive type versus simulated treatment on symptomatology of patients with CLBP. A single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted. Sixty patients with CLBP were randomly assigned to a PRF-capacitive or a simulated treatment group. All participants received 3 sessions per week for 3 weeks. Disability, pain intensity, movement phobia, lumbar anteflexion, quality of life, and sleep quality were assessed at baseline, after treatment, and at two months. The application of 9 sessions of PRF-capacitive showed significant improvements compared to simulated therapy during the entire follow-up for disability (F = 26.99, p

A series of seven new meso-phenyl BODIPY-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one conjugates were synthesized in one experimental step by using a Sc(III)-catalyzed Ugi-Zhu three-component reaction coupled to a cascade sequence (aza Diels-Alder/N-acylation/aromatization) as post-MCR functionalization process. Further experimental studies were performed behind understanding the fluorescence response toward viscosity. All compounds exhibited a linear response between increasing viscosity (DMSO and glycerol mixtures) and fluorescence intensity. The different substituents also influenced the photophysical properties. Furthermore, in DMSO all compounds exhibited dual emission. Each band is attributed to the pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one and BODIPY moieties, respectively. The electronic structure of all compounds was computed by DFT and TD-DFT calculations, allowing to determine the molecular orbitals involved in the electronic transitions.

Abstract Eutrophication is a main threat to continental aquatic ecosystems. Prevention and amelioration actions have been taken under the assumption of a stable climate, which needs reconsideration. Here, we show that reduced precipitation can bring a lake ecosystem to a more productive regime even with a decline in nutrient external load. By analyzing time series of several decades in the largest lake of the Iberian Peninsula, we found autocorrelated changes in the variance of state variables (i.e., chlorophyll and oxygen) indicative of a transient situation towards a new ecosystem regime. Indeed, exceptional planktonic diatom blooms have occurred during the last few years, and the sediment record shows a shift in phytoplankton composition and an increase in nutrient retention. Reduced precipitation almost doubled the water residence time in the lake, enhancing the relevance of internal processes. This study demonstrates that ecological quality targets for aquatic ecosystems must be tailored to the changing climatic conditions for appropriate stewardship.

Antecedentes: En México existe una falta de información sobre el acceso al sistema público de salud en personas mayores. Objetivo: Desarrollar una cascada de acceso al sistema público de salud en personas mayores mexicanas e identificar los factores que podrían promover o dificultar ese acceso. Material y métodos: Análisis transversal en el que se utilizaron datos de 2018, 2021 y 2022 de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición. Se realizó una cascada de acceso y modelos de regresión multivariados para identificar factores relacionados. Resultados: En 2018, 2021 y 2022, 43.33, 40.85 y 43.79 % de las personas mayores tuvieron acceso al sistema público de salud, respectivamente. En 2018, la fragilidad incrementó 2.419 veces la probabilidad de tener acceso. Mientras que estar casado o en unión, ser alfabeta y vivir en zona urbana lo incrementó en 2021 y 2022. Conclusiones: Existen niveles bajos de acceso al sistema público de salud en las personas mayores mexicanas. Las personas frágiles tuvieron más probabilidad de acceder al sistema de salud en 2018. El Seguro Popular podría haber promovido el acceso, mediante la superación de obstáculos organizacionales del sistema público y ciertas barreras sociodemográficas. Después de la eliminación del Seguro Popular, las variables sociodemográficas comenzaron a tener mayor relevancia en promover o reducir el acceso.

Gray mold, caused by Botrytis sp., is a significant disease in Colombian rose crops and its control depends primarily on the intensive use of chemically synthesized fungicides. Despite the importance of this pathogen, there is limited information in Colombian floriculture about molecular taxonomy of species, fungicide resistance of populations and their genetic mechanism of resistance. In this study, we analyze 12 isolates of this fungus collected from rose-producing crops in the Department of Cundinamarca and conducted phylogenetic analysis using HSP60, G3PDH, and RPB2 gene sequences. Additionally, we realize phenotypic and genotypic characterization of resistance to the fungicides fenhexamid, carboxin, and prochloraz, evaluating the in vitro EC50 and presence of mutations of target genes of each isolate. All isolates were characterized as Botrytis cinerea in the phylogenetic analysis and presents different levels of resistance to each fungicide. These levels are related to mutations in target genes, with predominancy of L195F and L400F in the ERG27 gene to fenhexamid resistance, H272R/Y in the SDHB gene for carboxin resistance, and Y136F in the CYP51 gene for prochloraz resistance. Finally, these mutations were not related to morphological changes. Collectively, this knowledge, presented for the first time to the Colombian floriculture, contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and population of B. cinerea from rose-producing crops in the department of Cundinamarca, and serve as a valuable tool for making informed decisions regarding disease management, future research, and improving crop management and sustainability in the Colombian floriculture industry.

El objetivo de esta investigación es proporcionar el marco teórico y la metodología para desarrollar una genealogía del pharmakon, especialmente enfocada en los usos culturales que han tenido las sustancias psicodélicas a lo largo de la historia. El desarrollo de esta genealogía permitirá explicar la configuración de los regímenes farmacráticos que han sustentado las políticas de la prohibición, así como las relaciones de dominación derivadas de la triada saber-poder-verdad. Con base en los trabajos desarrollados por Friedrich Nietzsche y Michel Foucault examinaremos una zona poco explorada tanto en la filosofía como en los estudios psicodélicos. Otro objetivo fundamental es explicar de manera clara los posibles usos filosóficos de las sustancias psicodélicas, pues el actual proceso de globalización también llamar “renacimiento psicodélico” privilegia los usos médicos o religiosos, los cuales están vinculados con instituciones disciplinarias como los hospitales y las iglesias. Esta genealogía también pretende profundizar sobre el pharmakonentendido como principio filosófico en la tradición filosófica de Occidente.

Introduction: Obesity, age, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of diabetes mellitus are risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: determine the probable risk of developing T2DM in the next 10 years in working women at a reference hospital in Asunción, Paraguay. Methodology: This cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted with physicians, nurses, and administrative staff. Data were collected over three months using the FINDRISK test to assess diabetes risk, which consists of eight questions about age, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, history of blood pressure, high blood pressure and high glucose, and diabetes diagnosed in family members. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages, as well as analytical statistics using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 112 women participated in the study, with more than 40% in the age range of 31–40 years. The waist circumference of 80-88 cm was the most common (38.4%). It was found that 33% of participants were overweight. Almost 60% of the participants did not perform daily physical activities. More than 38% of the first-degree relatives had a history of diabetes. Of the surveyed participants, 67.9%had some risk of developing T2DM in the next 10 years and 22 had a high or very high risk according to the FINDRISK test. Participants aged 35 years had a significantly higher risk (p=0.008). Conclusion: A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed, with 67.9% of the respondents showing some degree of risk for developing T2DM in the next 10 years, of which nearly 20% were categorized as high or very high risk.

Cardiovascular disease constitutes the leading cause of morbimortality worldwide. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is a common cardiovascular condition, closely related to the ageing population and significantly affecting survival and quality of life. The management of NSTE-ACS requires specific diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, thus highlighting the importance of a personalized approach, including tailored antithrombotic therapies and regimens, combined with timely invasive management. Moreover, specific and frequent populations in clinical practice, such as the elderly and those with chronic kidney disease, pose unique challenges in the management of NSTE-ACS due to their increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. In this scenario, comprehensive management strategies and multidisciplinary care are of great importance. Cardiac rehabilitation and optimal management of cardiovascular risk factors are essential elements of secondary prevention since they significantly improve prognosis. This review highlights the need for a personalized approach in the management of NSTE-ACS, especially in vulnerable populations, and emphasizes the importance of precise antithrombotic management together with tailored revascularization strategies, as well as the role of cardiac rehabilitation in NSTE-ACS patients.

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el rendimiento académico y las estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje y estudiar la relación de estas variables utilizadas por estudiantes en el contexto de enseñanza remota de emergencia. El diseño fue descriptivo-correlacional y la muestra fue de 80 estudiantes pertenecientes a una escuela de secundaria Técnico Profesional. Para medir el rendimiento, se utilizaron los promedios de calificaciones finales de un semestre académico de cada participante y se usó un instrumento conformado por 5 escalas para medir las fases de autorregulación del aprendizaje. Los resultados evidenciaron que el estudiantado durante la enseñanza remota de emergencia: (1) se auto percibe algo capaz para disponerse al estudio, (2) considera que un mal rendimiento académico depende de factores externos, (3) solo a veces revisa el progreso de su estudio y (4) existe una relación significativa y positiva entre el rendimiento académico y las estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje. Se concluye que, durante la pandemia, el estudiantado en Chile, a medida que utilizó mayores estrategias, como identificar los contenidos que no entendían bien, realizó resúmenes de las ideas principales o estableció objetivos académicos a corto plazo, obtuvo mejores calificaciones. Se recomienda a las comunidades educativas desplegar esfuerzos para fomentar los procesos autorregulatorios como habilidad para enfrentar escenarios dinámicos y situaciones de crisis.

Antecedentes: Los catéteres de nefrostomía percutánea (CNP) que se utilizan en algunos hospitales oncológicos condicionan un incremento en las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU). Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de un programa estandarizado de atención en la incidencia de ITU que requiere hospitalización (ITU-RH). Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes con un primer CNP. Se comparó la incidencia, riesgo relativo (RR), costos y evolución de los pacientes con ITU-RH durante el período previo a la intervención (P0) versus posterior a ella (P1). Resultados: Se instalaron 113 CNP durante P0 y 74 durante P1. Durante P0, 61 pacientes (53.9 %) presentaron 64 episodios de ITU-RH, en 22 557 días de uso de CNP. Durante P1, cuatro pacientes (5.4%) cursaron con ITU-RH en el transcurso de 6548 días de uso del CNP (razón de tasa de incidencia de 0.21, IC 95 % = 0.05-0.57). El RR fue de 0.09 (IC 95 % = 0.03-0.25). El costo mensual por día-cama fue de 3823 USD en P0 y de 1076 USD en P1; el de los antibióticos, de 790 USD en P0 y 123.5 USD en P1. Conclusiones: Este estudio resalta la importancia de un programa estandarizado del cuidado de los dispositivos permanentes, el cual disminuye el uso de antibióticos, la hospitalización y el costo de la atención.

Introducción: el modelo para comparar sistemas de salud, propuesto por Federico Tobar, menciona la revisión de tres dimensiones: políticas de salud, situación de salud y sistema de salud, con el fin de profundizar en las similitudes y las diferencias existentes entre varios países. Proposición: los sistemas de salud de México y Colombia comparten características y reformas similares, sin embargo, se requiere de un marco de análisis para realizar una comparación estructurada entre ellos. Argumentación: las reformas a las políticas de salud mexicanas y colombianas derivaron en un sistema de salud fragmentado que atiende a diversas poblaciones; en el caso de México, se fundamenta en la seguridad social, y en Colombia, en el pluralismo estructurado o mercado regulado; en ninguno se ha podido revertir esa situación. El tema de salud en estos países es equiparable, dominado por una disminución de las enfermedades infecciosas y un aumento de las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, así como un auge de problemas sanitarios de carácter social (homicidios). Los componentes de ambos sistemas de salud son múltiples. Esto propicia un escenario con varios subsistemas en el caso de México y con diversos actores en Colombia. Conclusión: los dos sistemas de salud están fragmentados a causa de políticas que han intentado aumentar su afiliación. Tienen perfiles epidemiológicos semejantes, esto hace pensar que poseen necesidades parecidas dentro del propio sistema de salud. Un aspecto pendiente para los dos es la equidad de los servicios, la cual ha sido dispareja.

A proof-of-concept of a microwave imaging system for the fast detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms is shown. This experimental technology seeks to overcome the factors hampering the fast screening for these aneurysms with the usual equipment, such as high cost, long-time operation or hazardous exposure to chemical substances. The hardware system is composed of 16 twin antennas mastered by a microcontroller through a switching network, which connects the antennas to the measurement instrument for sequential measurement. The software system is run by a computer, mastering the whole system, automatizing the measurement process and running the signal processing and medical image generation algorithms. Two image generation algorithms are tested: Delay-and-Sum (DAS) and Improved Delay-and-Sum (IDAS). Own-modified versions of these algorithms adapted to the requirements of our system are proposed. The system is carefully calibrated and fine-tuned with known objects placed at known distances. An experimental proof-of-concept is shown with a human torso phantom, including an aorta phantom and an aneurysm phantom placed in different positions. The results show good imaging capabilities with the potential for detecting and locating possible abdominal aortic aneurysms and reporting acceptable errors.

In this paper, we study a method of polynomial interpolation that lies in-between Lagrange and Hermite methods. The novelty is that we use very general nodal systems on the unit circle as well as on the bounded interval only characterized by a separation property. The way in which we interpolate consists in considering all the nodes for the prescribed values and only half for the derivatives. Firstly, we develop the theory on the unit circle, obtaining the main properties of the nodal polynomials and studying the convergence of the interpolation polynomials corresponding to continuous functions with some kind of modulus of continuity and with general conditions on the prescribed values for half of the derivatives. We complete this first part of the paper with the study of the convergence for smooth functions obtaining the rate of convergence, which is slightly slower than that when equidistributed nodal points are considered. The second part of the paper is devoted to solving a similar problem on the bounded interval by using nodal systems having good properties of separation, generalizing the Chebyshev–Lobatto system, and well related to the nodal systems on the unit circle studied before. We obtain an expression of the interpolation polynomials as well as results about their convergence in the case of continuous functions with a convenient modulus of continuity and, particularly, for differentiable functions. Finally, we present some numerical experiments related to the application of the method with the nodal systems dealt with.

Durante los últimos cincuenta años el género museístico en arquitectura ha acaparado un importante protagonismo. Por sus singulares implicaciones, ha constituido un campo abonado para el trabajo de los llamados arquitectos estrella –en especial a partir de los años 90–, quienes, en gran medida, han concentrado el trabajo más relevante y espectacular de este periodo en el mudable ámbito de los equipamientos expositivos. En este singular grupo de arquitectos y arquitectas pueden incluirse aquellos que han sido distinguidos con el Pritzker, el más alto reconocimiento que un arquitecto puede recibir en vida. La investigación que sigue trata de evaluar el impacto y relevancia de la labor realizada por este elenco de arquitectos en relación con el diseño y construcción de museos, teniendo en cuenta la especial filiación de los organizadores del galardón con el mundo del arte, y lo representativo y significativo de la obra de estos arquitectos que han sido actores principales del periodo de estudio señalado. El trabajo incluye como fuente de investigación primaria un mapa inédito elaborado por los autores que reúne toda la producción museística a cargo de estos arquitectos y la ordena en sucesivas generaciones de «pritzkers».

Background: The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of non-immersive virtual reality (niVR) active videogames in patients who underwent cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis, according to the PRISMA guidelines and previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023485240), was performed through a literature search in PubMed (Medline), SCOPUS, WOS, and PEDro since inception to 21 November 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of an niVR intervention, in comparison with conventional CR and usual care, on aerobic capacity and cardiovascular endurance (physical function), anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Effect size was estimated using Cohen’s standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in a random-effects model. Results: Nine RCT that met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a moderate-to-large effect favoring niVR active videogames included in CR in increasing aerobic capacity and cardiovascular endurance (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI 0.11 to 1.37; p = 0.021) and reducing anxiety (SMD = −0.66; 95% CI −1.13 to −0.2; p = 0.006). Only 4.8% of patients reported adverse events while performing niVR active videogames. Conclusions: Inclusion of niVR active videogames in CR programs is more effective than conventional CR in improving aerobic capacity and cardiovascular endurance and in reducing anxiety.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not just a motor disorder, it is a complex condition that affects every aspect of a patient’s life, from cognitive impairment and psychiatric disturbances to autonomic dysfunction and sleep disturbances [...]

One of the causal agents of bacterial canker is Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum—Pam (formerly Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum). Recently detected in Chile, Pam is known to cause lesions in the aerial parts of the plant, followed by more severe symptoms such as cankers and gummosis in the later stages of the disease. This study presents the design of PCR and LAMP detection methods for the specific and sensitive identification of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum (Pam) from cherry trees. Twelve Pseudomonas isolates were collected, sequenced, and later characterized by Multi-locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) and Average Nucleotide Identity by blast (ANIb). Three of them (11116B2, S1 Pam, and S2 Pam) were identified as Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum and were used to find specific genes through RAST server, by comparing their genome with that of other Pseudomonas, including isolates from other Pam strains. The effector gene HopAU1 was selected for the design of primers to be used for both techniques, evaluating sensitivity and specificity, and the ability to detect Pam directly from plant tissues. While the PCR detection limit was 100 pg of purified bacterial DNA per reaction, the LAMP assays were able to detect up to 1 fg of purified DNA per reaction. Similar results were observed using plant tissues, LAMP being more sensitive than PCR, including when using DNA extracted from infected plant tissues. Both detection methods were tested in the presence of 30 other bacterial genera, with LAMP being more sensitive than PCR.

Objetivos: La inteligencia artificial se ha establecido como una fuerza disruptiva en una amplia gama de industrias, incluida la auditoría. En la última década, la Inteligencia artificial ha demostrado su capacidad para automatizar tareas, identificar patrones complejos y mejorar la precisión de los procesos de auditoría. El propósito fundamental de este estudio resumir y exponer los estudios científicos de la investigación relacionada con la inteligencia artificial y la auditoría a nivel mundial. Métodos: Se realizo un análisis bibliométrico que abarca un período de 37 años, desde 1984 hasta 2022. Para analizar y presentar los resultados se utilizó el paquete de análisis bibliométrico Biblioshiny, soportado en el programa R Studio, así como en el software VOSviewer, teniendo en cuenta 306 artículos y revisiones de literatura. Este enfoque cuantitativo nos permitió identificar patrones y tendencias en la investigación. Resultados: Los resultados reflejan cambios importantes en el número de publicaciones anuales al registrar que el 70,91% de los documentos se publicaron en los últimos 7 años (2016 a 2022) y solo el 29,08% fue publicado en los 30 años comprendidos entre 1984 y 2015. Además, entre las 234 revistas científicas con publicaciones relacionadas, se identifican las ocho principales que concentran un 12.8% de las publicaciones y acumulan 12.5% de las citaciones. El clúster más numeroso, representado en color rojo, resaltando los 10 principales “audit”, “Audit Quality”, “Auditing”, “Big Data”, “Big Data Analytics”, “Blockchain”, “Computers”, “Data Mining”, “Decision Making”. Conclusión: Esta investigación permite caracterizar la producción científica relacionada con la inteligencia artificial y la auditoria considerando la evolución temporal, características generales, redes de investigación con autores e instituciones, así como los clústeres temáticos de mayor relevancia en este campo de estudio.

Fused deposition modelling, or 3D printing, is an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly gaining popularity because of its ability to produce usable parts with several geometries. It provides multiple advantages in everyday life. However, the emerging risks of using 3D printers at home is an issue that needs to be addressed. It is estimated that a person spends, on average, 80-90% of their time inside a building, up to 60% of that time is at home. Therefore it is essential to control the pollutants in the indoor environment. This paper evaluated the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and nanoparticle emissions during 3D printing with the most common Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) materials. Real-time aerosol monitors were used to characterise particulate emission, and laboratory analysis was used to check the VOCs levels. During printing, an increase of VOCs and nanoparticles was observed. This increase was more significant during printing with ABS filaments than during printing with PLA filaments. The nanoparticles size emitted for the ABS filament was smaller than the particles emitted for the PLA filament. A carcinogen substance like benzene was found during printing. The pollutants levels observed may cause health problems, and it is recommended that printing be avoided without engineering controls in place, e.g. a good ventilation and extraction system.

Abstract Background Chronic low back pain is considered to be one of the main causes of absenteeism from work and primary and specialized consultations. The symptoms of nonspecific chronic low back pain may be accompanied by the activation of myofascial trigger points in the muscles, together with local and/or referred pain. Electrical dry needling is increasingly used in the treatment of lumbar myofascial pain. Conventional physiotherapy, however, is a popular approach to chronic pathologies, and there is evidence of different modalities of physiotherapy being used in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The aim of this study has been to determine the effectiveness of electrical dry needling versus conventional physiotherapy when applied to active and latent myofascial trigger points in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Methods This is a controlled, randomized, two-arm, double-blind study. A total of 92 patients with chronic low back pain (time to onset ≥ 3 months, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire score ≥ 4) will be recruited from the University of Almería. Participants will be divided into two study groups (n = 40) to receive treatment of low back pain with electrical dry needling and conventional physiotherapy (ischaemic compression, analytic stretching and postural education training dossier). A total of 6 sessions will be administered once a week for 6 weeks. Pain intensity, disability, fear of movement, quality of life, quality of sleep, anxiety and depression, pressure pain threshold, abdominal strength and lumbar mobility will be recorded at 6 weeks (post-immediate) and 2 months after the end of treatment. Discussion We believe that an approach including electrical dry needling to chronic low back pain dysfunction will be more effective in these patients. The results of this study will inform clinicians on which type of treatment is more beneficial for patients with chronic low back pain. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04804228. Registered on 14 January 2021

Up to now, rubber materials have been used in a wide range of applications, from automotive parts to special-design engineering pieces, as well as in the pharmaceutical, food, electronics, and military industries, among others. Since the discovery of the vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) in 1838, the continuous demand for this material has intensified the quest for a synthetic substitute with similar properties. In this regard, synthetic polyisoprene rubber (IR) emerged as an attractive alternative. However, despite the efforts made, some properties of natural rubber have been difficult to match (i.e., superior mechanical properties) due not only to its high content of cis-1,4-polyisoprene but also because its structure is considered a naturally occurring nanocomposite. In this sense, cutting-edge research has proposed the synthesis of nanocomposites with synthetic rubber, obtaining the same properties as natural rubber. This review focuses on the synthesis, structure, and properties of natural and synthetic rubber, with a special interest in the synthesis of IR nanocomposites, giving the reader a comprehensive reference on how to achieve a mimic of NR.

Resumen Bernard Rudofsky dedicó buena parte de su vida a explorar una manera de habitar personal y plena, lo que tuvo su reflejo en las numerosas exposiciones y publicaciones que alumbró. Y parte de ese proceso de investigación fue vertido en los diversos intentos de construir una casa para sí mismo y su mujer Berta, y que concluyeron con la construcción de ‘La Casa' en Frigiliana a principios de los años setenta. La presente investigación revela por vez primera las vicisitudes que rodearon el hallazgo del lugar y su posterior adquisición por parte del matrimonio a través del testimonio de Rudofsky anotado en uno de sus diarios personales. El artículo reconstruye con detalle la peripecia del matrimonio en España en 1969 al cotejar y extraer la información manuscrita en las 144 páginas de las que se compone este documento, información que no ha sido tratada con anterioridad. El episodio encierra un interés triple: en primer lugar, el del registro histórico de este suceso singular y el importante papel jugado por esta construcción en clave biográfica; en segundo lugar, el del encuentro del arquitecto extranjero con la España de la época —y que por tanto permite evocar a lo que pudieron enfrentarse algunos otros casos semejantes; por último, cabe destacar la singularidad de un proceso de proyecto que incluye el lugar en un estadio intermedio y que precisamente pone de relieve la intensa relación existente en este caso entre la casa, el entorno, el habitante y diseñador, y el habitar. Abstract Bernard Rudofsky dedicated a significant part of his life to exploring a personal and fulfilling way of living, which was reflected in the numerous exhibitions and publications that he produced. Part of this research process was funneled into the various attempts to build a house for himself and his wife Berta, which concluded in the early seventies with the construction of La Casa in Frigiliana. This investigation reveals for the first time, from Rudofsky’s own account in one of his diaries, the challenges and mishaps that surrounded the discovery of the place and its subsequent acquisition by the couple. The article is an attempt to comprehensively reconstruct the couple’s ups and downs in Spain in 1969 by extracting and collating handwritten information from 144 pages of his diaries; information that has not been previously looked into. This article has a three-fold focus: firstly, that of the historical record of this unique event and the important role played by this construction in a biographical key; secondly, that of the meeting of the foreign architect with the Spain of the time, which allows us to imagine what other similar cases may have faced; finally, it is worth highlighting the uniqueness of a project process that includes the place in an intermediate stage and that highlights the intense relationship that exists in this particular case between the house, the environment, the user and designer, and living there.

Abstract Bernard Rudofsky dedicated a significant part of his life to exploring a personal and fulfilling way of living, which was reflected in the numerous exhibitions and publications that he produced. Part of this research process was funneled into the various attempts to build a house for himself and his wife Berta, which concluded in the early seventies with the construction of La Casa in Frigiliana. This investigation reveals for the first time, from Rudofsky’s own account in one of his diaries, the challenges and mishaps that surrounded the discovery of the place and its subsequent acquisition by the couple. The article is an attempt to comprehensively reconstruct the couple’s ups and downs in Spain in 1969 by extracting and collating handwritten information from 144 pages of his diaries; information that has not been previously looked into. This article has a three-fold focus: firstly, that of the historical record of this unique event and the important role played by this construction in a biographical key; secondly, that of the meeting of the foreign architect with the Spain of the time, which allows us to imagine what other similar cases may have faced; finally, it is worth highlighting the uniqueness of a project process that includes the place in an intermediate stage and that highlights the intense relationship that exists in this particular case between the house, the environment, the user and designer, and living there.

Based on documents found in Félix Huarte’s collections (General Archive of the University of Navarra), in the Official College of Architects of Madrid COAM and in the Patent Office, this research aims to analyse the work of HMuebles, a company of the Huarte y Cía group. as a catalyst and disseminator of art and culture in the early days of the Spanish modern design, and its relationship with architecture, from 1957 to 1962. This study is carried out by analysing its dissemination strategies through drawing and graphic design (plans, logos, advertising and catalogues), promoted by the patron Juan Huarte and a group of artists and architects, whose common feature was the commitment to graphic expression as a persuasive/convincing language to bring modern forms to society. In short, the article explores the use of graphic strategies as an instrument for introducing modern Spanish design into society.

At present, it is necessary to obtain new sugarcane cultivars with high sugar potential and adapted to several harvest cycles, so the present work aimed to show the agro-sugar characterization of the new cultivar ‘C90-167’, obtained and recommended by the Estación Territorial de Investigaciones de la Caña de Azúcar de Villa Clara, belonging to Instituto de Investigaciones de la Caña de Azúcar, for its commercial exploitation. This cultivar went through the selection scheme of the genetic improvement program of the breeding institution, from the initial stages of posture lots, clonal lots, and replicated experiments. The cultivar ‘C90-167’ stands out for its high agricultural yield and satisfactory sugar content in relation to the control cultivars ‘C86-12’ and ‘C1051-73’. It is necessary to emphasize, as an important attribute, the resistance presented in artificial foci of infection to the main pests and diseases of economic importance of the crop. It is recommended for planting in both long spring and cold cycles in carbonate-padded brown soils.

This paper studies the error that occurs when measuring surface currents with a current meter mounted on a buoy or a mooring line whose horizontal and vertical motions respond to the presence of waves. The error is defined with respect to an Eulerian reference measurement where the sensor does not move. First, we present the subject with a theoretical analysis in the case of a monochromatic wave. That idealized model allows us to study particular sensor or mooring line motions. Second, a realistic numerical model is implemented to reconstruct the current field with a high resolution near the surface. Wave orbital velocities are generated with a random phase model. An Ekman-type current, uniform in the horizontal but with a vertical shear, is also incorporated. The results indicate that the error in the current measurement is highly dependent on the sensor motion induced by waves. The error magnitude is proportional to the wave momentum or Stokes drift and depends on the wave development state and the wind-generated current’s magnitude. The error obtained in the current measurement is analyzed by considering that the buoy only responds to low-frequency waves up to a maximum frequency. That maximum frequency is referenced concerning the peak frequency of the third moment of the spectrum (i.e., the Stokes drift spectrum). It allows us to classify the current time average into three ranges with respect to the maximum frequency: (1) Eulerian average, (2) wave-following average, and (3) intermediate case of undulating average where results cannot be generalized. The measurement error is most important in the region above the wave troughs. However, the error is also considerable in the region confined below the wave troughs and down to the Stokes drift e-folding depth. The error is particularly relevant in conditions of developed and energetic waves (Hs>3 m), where the surface Stokes drift can reach values above 0.1 m/s. It should be noted that measurement error can exceed the value of the Stokes drift at the sensor depth for certain mooring line motions. Those results should help better interpret in situ near-surface current measurements obtained from various devices.

Antecedentes. El sistema de salud mexicano divide a la población en personas con y sin seguridad social, lo cual deriva en inequidades de salud. El estudio del indicador de la mortalidad evitable entre grupos o territorios mide indirectamente dicha brecha. Objetivo. Analizar la mortalidad evitable entre población mexicana con y sin derechohabiencia a la seguridad social de 1998 a 2019. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio ecológico, calculando tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad evitable y dos medidas de inequidad según casos con y sin seguridad social, con base en una lista de mortalidad evitable adaptada a México. Resultados. A nivel nacional, la población con seguridad social presenta la mayor mortalidad general, no evitable y evitable. Al revisar cada categoría de mortalidad evitable, las tasas de servicios médicos, diabetes, enfermedades isquémicas y causas residuales están concentradas en los derechohabientes; mientras que, en las de homicidios, síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia humana adquirida y suicidios y lesiones sucede lo contrario. A nivel estatal existe heterogeneidad, pero en 28 de 32 estados las tasas fueron superiores en los derechohabientes. También se refleja en las razones de tasas. Los valores del índice de concentración denotan una escasa inequidad entre los estados. Conclusiones. Los derechohabientes manifestaron una mayor carga de mortalidad. Esto no implica una inequidad respecto a ellos, más bien, se atribuye a la influencia de otras variables (determinantes sociales) y queda evidenciado con el índice de concentración.

Most of the farmers who grow cactus pear (Opuntia albicarpa) use manure as a fertilizer. This practice increases the problems of pests. The use of endomycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) is almost unknown to farmers. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effect of the application with organic matter (OM) and inoculation with endomycorrhiza in cactus pear. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Montecillo Campus of the Postgraduate College, Mexico. Two types of soil from San Luis Potosí, Mexico were used, one of reddish coloration (xerosol) and another gray (lithosol). The results show that there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in all the variables by the inoculation with endomycorrhiza, and in the majority of those by the application of OM. Both the mycorrhiza and the application of OM, as vermicompost, promoted a greater growth of the stem and the root. The types of soils used did not affect the growth of the plants. The mycorrhiza can be useful to improve mineral nutrition, and thus increase yields in the cactus pear plantations. In addition, these fungi can increase yields, and help reduce production costs. The application of 50 t ha-1 of vermicompost is a better alternative to add nutrients and OM to this crop.

Abstract Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder and a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The exact pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease remains poorly defined. We applied proteomics analysis on maternal blood samples collected from 14 singleton pregnancies with early-onset severe preeclampsia and 6 uncomplicated pregnancies to investigate the pathophysiological pathways involved in this specific subgroup of preeclampsia. Maternal blood was drawn at diagnosis for cases and at matched gestational age for controls. LC–MS/MS proteomics analysis was conducted, and data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistical approaches with the identification of differential pathways by exploring the global human protein–protein interaction network. The unsupervised multivariate analysis (the principal component analysis) showed a clear difference between preeclamptic and uncomplicated pregnancies. The supervised multivariate analysis using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis resulted in a model with goodness of fit (R2X = 0.99, p < 0.001) and a strong predictive ability (Q2Y = 0.8, p < 0.001). By univariate analysis, we found 17 proteins statistically different after 5% FDR correction (q-value < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed 5 significantly enriched pathways whereby the activation of the complement and coagulation cascades was on top (p = 3.17e−07). To validate these results, we assessed the deposits of C5b-9 complement complex and on endothelial cells that were exposed to activated plasma from an independent set of 4 cases of early-onset severe preeclampsia and 4 uncomplicated pregnancies. C5b-9 and Von Willbrand factor deposits were significantly higher in early-onset severe preeclampsia. Future studies are warranted to investigate potential therapeutic targets for early-onset severe preeclampsia within the complement and coagulation pathway.

La Directiva 2017/164/UE reducirá drásticamente los niveles de NO y NO2 en minería subterránea y construcción de túneles, existe preocupación con respecto a la viabilidad de los niveles propuestos y se estableció un período de transición que finaliza en agosto de 2023, está prevista una reevaluación de su aplicabilidad antes del final de este período. El estudio se realizó en un túnel de autopista de 2 km, sección de excavación de 102 m², método de excavación NATM, el túnel seleccionado es representativo del sistema de construcción de túneles en España. Este documento tiene como objetivo analizar los niveles de gas NO y NO2 durante la construcción del túnel y comparar los resultados con el nivel propuesto en la Directiva 2017/164/UE y los niveles vigentes. El informe concluye que se deben hacer esfuerzos para alcanzar los niveles de la Directiva en 2023. Se dan recomendaciones para alcanzar el nivel propuesto.

Los objetivos del estudio fueron caracterizar variables psicosociales y académicas en familias de escolares de primaria y secundaria del sur de Chile en aislamiento físico y analizar la salud mental de padres y madres. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo transversal. Se consideraron dos etapas. En la primera se aplicó una encuesta ad-hoc a 8.102 familias. En la segunda se aplicó el instrumento DASS-21 a una muestra de 59. Los resultados de la primera etapa evidenciaron en las familias que el 40% tenía un integrante sin trabajo remunerado, un ingreso menor a $440, y la gran mayoría no disponía de computador. Los escolares han sentido ansiedad, miedos nocturnos, mal humor o agresividad, varios no han realizado tareas escolares y reportaron dificultades motivacionales, la mayoría no ha dedicado suficiente tiempo al estudio y se han dedicado a ver series. En la segunda etapa, el 57,6% de los padres y madres presentó ansiedad severa, el 50,8% estrés y un 83% depresión. Se concluye que las familias carecen de recursos para el desarrollo efectivo de la educación en línea. Se requieren acciones especializadas para "mitigar" el impacto del aislamiento físico por Covid-19 en variables socio-académicas y de salud mental en escolares y sus familias.

A lo largo de la historia, en distintas ocasiones, el reciclaje se ha convertido en solución para el desarrollo de un producto. Más allá de la conciencia ecológica que ha ido constituyéndose especialmente a partir de los años 60 hasta la actualidad, esta práctica ha servido para resolver distintos problemas: técnicos, conceptuales o incluso sociales. Durante el siglo XX se realizaron algunos muebles de asiento en los que el reciclado de materiales y partes de objetos ha dado lugar a verdaderos hitos del diseño y han ayudado, sin ser su finalidad principal, a crear una imagen sostenible. Este artículo trata de narrar la historia de esas piezas y su contexto ecológico, para mostrar la operación de reutilización como estrategia de proyecto y como parte de un proceso holístico que pretende dar respuesta a cuestiones técnicas, funcionales y conceptuales, más allá de las meramente ecológicas.

Peter G. Harnden and Lanfranco Bombelli, the architects responsible for the U.S. government's post-World War II propaganda campaigns on European soil, settled in Cadaqués in the late 1950s. This peculiar partnership of itinerant stateless people shaped some of the most remarkable examples of Cadaqués’ architecture of the last century. Works that were able to be respectful with the “old” architecture of Cadaqués without renouncing to an uninhibited modernity. The text presented here seeks to delve into the construction that acted as the seed for the rest of his work: the house that both built for themselves upon their arrival in the Spanish small town. A project that would later be the model for several houses that both architects carried out for the growing colony of foreigners that arrived in this magical corner of the peninsular periphery. The analysis is relevant given that none has been carried out in depth before. In addition, it is a unique example of balanced architecture, one of great solidity in its fundamental principles. Finally, the study will remark the vernacular characterization of the presented architecture: a construction halfway between José A. Coderch's discourse of "It’s not geniuses what we need these days" and Kenneth Frampton's “critical regionalism.”

The orange rust of the sugar cane (Puccinia kuehnii (W. Krüger) E. J. Butler) is a disease of potential danger for the sugar industry in Cuba. The objective of the research was to determine the spatial distribution of orange rust in leaves infected by P. kuehnii, type of distribution of the pustules and the possible use of a quantitative variable that allows estimating the affected leaf area with a superior precision to observation of the human eye. From the cultivar C01-227 (susceptible to the disease), 25 leaves were collected and the +5 leaf was selected. The type of spatial distribution of the pustules was determined by calculating the variance / mean ratio and the Morisita index. A maximum of 6.88 pustules per cm2 was determined in leaves with 25 % of affected leaf area and an average of 2.26 in leaves with affectation from 5 to 25 %. The pustules for square centimeters was significantly higher in the middle and apical thirds; but in the third of the leaf, their value average or their maximum is not related directly with area affected in the leaf.

Objetive We conducted a randomized double blind clinical trial, to compare the effectiveness of McKenzie exercises and electroanalgesia via an e-Health program versus a home rehabilitation program on functionality, pain, fear of movement and quality of life in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Methods Seventy-four participants with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomized to either the e- Health program group (n = 39) or the home rehabilitation program group (n = 35). The interventions consisted of the e-Health program group performing McKenzie exercises and received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, while the home rehabilitation group attended an information session to explain the exercises, which they then performed at home with printed instructions. Both groups performed 3 weekly sessions for 8 weeks. The following were analyzed main measures: pain, disability, fear of movement, quality of life, trunk muscle endurance and trunk anteflexion motion were assessed at baseline and at 2 months. Results Independent samples Student’s t-tests showed that although the patients who followed the e-Health program showed significantly greater improvement than those who followed the home disability rehabilitation program in terms of intensity of pain, lumbar flexion mobility ( P

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del envejecimiento en las pruebas diagnósticas de diabetes en pacientes normales. Métodos: De los pacientes que se realizaron una prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa y hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) seleccionamos aquellos normales. Fueron agrupados por edad (1: 16 a 35 años, 2: 36 a 47 años, 3: 48 a 59 años y 4: 60 a 91 años). Se realizó comparación entre los grupos del promedio de glucosa en ayunas (GA), dos horas después de la carga (G2H) y la HbA1c; correlación simple de Pearson y regresión lineal entre la edad y GA, G2H y HbA1c. Resultados: Seleccionamos 806 resultados para ser analizados. Encontramos: incremento del grupo 1 al 4 en HbA1c (5.25 ± 0.28%, 5.31 ± 0.26%, 5.33 ± 0.21%, 5.34 ± 0.24%; p < 0.05 grupo 1 vs. 3 y 4) y GA (84.7 ± 8.2 mg/dl, 85.4 ± 8.1 mg/dl, 86.8 ± 6.8 mg/dl, 88.3 ± 7.8 mg/dl; p < 0.05 grupo 1 vs. 3 y 4 y grupo 2 vs. 4), correlación significativa entre edad, HbA1c (r: 0.141) y GA (r: 0.201). El análisis de regresión lineal mostró: β 0.003 (IC 95%: 0.001-0.004) entre edad y HbA1c, y β 0.13 (IC 95%: 0.08- 0.17) entre edad y GA. Conclusiones: Estos resultados apoyan la existencia de un efecto estadísticamente significativo entre la edad y la HbA1c y la GA. Este efecto parece ser modesto y no clínicamente significativo.

The synthesis of a Co metal–organic framework assembled from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis((pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)porphyrin; TPhPyP) “Co-MTPhPyP” is reported. The TPhPyP ligand was synthesized via aldehyde condensation in 28% yield and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). Co-MTPhPyP was prepared by the solvothermal method from TPhPyP and CoCl2·H2O in 55% yield and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), showing a particle size distribution of 418 ± 58 nm. The sorption properties of the Co-MTPhPyP for the effective removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were evaluated in an aqueous medium and Cthe results showed uptake capacities of 383.4 and 168 mg of the metal g−1 after 2 h, respectively. Kinetic studies of Pb(II) adsorption by Co-MTPhPyP were adjusted to the pseudo-second-order model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 458.8 mg g−1 at 30 min of exposition.

This work provides a literature review of the research which dealt with the analysis of living standards in 18th-century Spain. At the same time, possible fields of research are suggested for the future. The text focuses on three types of indicators: material well-being and economic inequality (GDP per capita, real wages and Gini index), bio-nutritional (average height) and demographic (mortality and life expectancy) indicators. The available evidence points to a slightly positive balance in terms of material well-being, nuanced by an increase in economic inequality in the second half of the century, a drop in net nutritional status among those born in the final decades of the century, and a drop in mortality rates in the second half of the century, which was determined by a decline in ordinary and adult mortality.

Early dropout and retention of students are critical problems in both secondary and higher education. Existing models that predict the intention to drop out require the incorporation of complex variables strongly related to student success, such as self-regulated learning. Moreover, new possible predictors have emerged in the context of a pandemic. This study set out to validate scales that measure the phases of self-regulation of learning in Chilean secondary school students and determine the association between self-regulation, forced labor insertion, technological barrier, and intention to quit during COVID-19. An instrumental design was carried out, where 251 students participated, and a cross-sectional predictive design with a sample of 171. Results showed adequate psychometric properties in assessment scales for self-regulation. Furthermore, the logistic regression model carried out to predict the dropout intention was significant. The final model showed that external causal attributions, planning self-evaluation, forced labor insertion, and technological barriers were significant predictors, achieving a success rate of 84.8%. In conclusion, although many factors are considered in dropout intention models, this study incorporated self-regulation skills that can be promoted in students and systematically integrated into school programs to help reduce dropout rates in secondary education, therefore contributing to a successful transition to higher education.

Background: Motor, gait and balance disorders reduce functional capabilities for activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Robot-assisted gait therapy (RAGT) is being used to complement conventional therapy (CT) or treadmill therapy (TT) in CP rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effect of RAGT on gait, balance and functional independence in CP children, in comparison to CT or TT. Methods: We have conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis. A search in PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro and SciELO has been conducted for articles published until October 2022. Controlled clinical trials (CCT), in which RAGT was compared to TT or CT and assessed gait speed, step and stride length, width step, walking distance, cadence, standing ability, walking, running and jumping ability, gross motor function and functional independence in children with CP, have been included. Methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale and the pooled effect was calculated with Cohen’s Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Results: A total of 15 CCTs have been included, providing data from 413 participants, with an averaged methodological quality of 5.73 ± 1.1 points in PEDro. The main findings of this review are that RAGT shows better results than CT in the post-intervention assessment for gait speed (SMD 0.56; 95% CI 0.03 to 1.1), walking distance (SMD 2; 95% CI 0.36 to 3.65) and walking, running and jumping ability (SMD 0.63; 95% CI 0.12 to 1.14). Conclusions: This study shows that the effect of RAGT is superior to CT on gait speed, walking distance and walking, running and jumping ability in post-intervention, although no differences were found between RAGT and TT or CT for the remaining variables.

This work is part of the European research project LIFE15 ENV/ES/00598 whose objective was to develop an efficient and sustainable methodology to eliminate Priority Substances (PS) and Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC), in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). The aim was to achieve reduce the concentration of PSs until their concentration was below the quality limit established in the DIRECTIVE 2013/39/EU, and to achieve reductions of 99% of the initial concentration for the selected CECs. The plant selected for the experimentation was the Benidorm WWTP (Spain). This publication studied the appearance and elimination, in the conventional treatment of this plant, of 12 priority substances (EU) and 16 emerging pollutants (5 of them included in the EU watch lists) during a year of experimentation. The analytical methods of choice were High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) and Gas Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). Results showed that the PSs atrazine, brominated diphenyl ether, isoproturon, octylphenol, pentachlorobenzene, simazine, terbutryn, tributyltin, and trifluralin, and the CECs 17-α-ethinylestradiol, 17-β-estradiol, imazalil, orthophenylphenol, tertbutylazine, and thiabendazole, were not detected. The micropollutants with the highest a-verage percentages of removal (>90%) are: chloramphenicol (100%), estriol (100%) and ibuprofen (99%). Partially removed were ketoprofen (79%), chlorpyrifos (78%), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (78%), estrone (76%), sulfamethoxazole (68%), and fluoxetine (53%). The compounds with the lowest average percentage of removal (

Este trabajo presenta una metodología desarrollada para ejecutar misiones fotogramétricas autónomas con sistemas aéreos no tripulados de ala fija, bajo el proyecto de software y hardware abierto Paparazzi UAV [1]. La metodología consta de cuatro etapas principales: planificación del a misión, acondicionamiento del sistema, ejecución de la misión y procesamiento de datos. La metodología fue validada a través del planeamiento de misiones fotogramétricas y su ejecución con la plataforma Opterra 2M [2] y el controlador Apogee [3].

This work introduces a microwave-based system able to detect tumours in breast phantoms in a non-invasive way. The data acquisition system is composed of a hardware system which involves high-frequency components (antennas, switches and cables), a microcontroller, a vector network analyser used as measurement instrument and a computer devoted to the control and automation of the operation of the system. Concerning the software system, the computer runs a Python script which is in charge of mastering and automatising all the required stages for the data acquisition, from initialisation of the hardware system to performing and saving the measurements. We also report on the design of the high-performance broadband antenna used to carry out the measurements, as well as on the algorithm employed to build the final medical images, based on an adapted version of the so-called Improved Delay-and-Sum (IDAS) algorithm improved by a Hamming window filter and averaging preprocessing. The calibration and start-up of the system are also described. The experimental validation includes the use of different tumour models with different dielectric properties inside the breast phantom. The results show promising tumour detection capabilities, even when there is low dielectric contrast between the tumoural and healthy tissues, as is the usual case for dense breasts in young women.

Los remolinos son estructuras transitorias que influyen en gran medida en la circulación promedio del océano. Modifican la distribución de masa y propiedades como calor, sal, clorofila y partículas inertes. La capacidad que tienen los remolinos para transportar propiedades o partículas depende de su capacidad de retención. En este estudio se identificaron y caracterizaron los remolinos de mesoescala del noroeste del golfo de México (NOGM) a través de un método lagrangiano que permite evaluar el tiempo de retención y la fracción de masa que pueden retener y transportar. Para el análisis, se utilizaron datos diarios de altimetría de 1993 a 2016. En el periodo de estudio se detectaron un total de 254 remolinos, 73 anticiclones y 181 ciclones. Se identificó una región (94.75º W, 26.75º N) donde ocurren ~30% del total de los remolinos ciclónicos detectados entre las isóbatas de 1,000 y 2,500 m. En promedio, el radio de los remolinos fue de ~40 km para la isobata 2,500 m. Los remolinos de mesoescala del NOGM pueden trasportar ~60% de la masa que contenían al momento de ser detectados. En promedio, el transporte de masa ocurrió por 33 d para los ciclones y por 26 d para los anticiclones. Rara vez ocurrió por 60 d o más.