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La supervisión es uno de los componentes fundamentales de la psicoterapia. Su empleo estáampliamente difundido en todos los contextos de aplicación y persigue múltiples objetivos, entre losque se destacan: facilitar el desarrollo de competencias y proveer seguridad de los psicoterapeutas ensus prácticas, favorecer intervenciones terapéuticas más efcientes para los pacientes y asesoramientopara el desarrollo de programas de entrenamiento académico y profesional. Sin embargo, la supervisiónconstituye un eslabón débil de la psicoterapia debido a una serie de factores entre los que sobresale laelevada tendencia a producir efectos perjudiciales en los supervisandos. Se analizan dichos factores juntoa la exposición de propuestas para fortalecer este campo en el futuro.

El desarrollo de la psicología en Guatemala durante las últimas décadas se ha visto fortalecido por varios hitos en su historia como han sido los congresos, encuentros académicos y profesionales, colaboraciones internacionales y conferencias para nombrar algunos. Este número especial de nuestra revista da testimonio de uno de ellos. Gracias a la confianza, apoyo y mentoría de los grandes exponentes de las psicoterapias integrativas de América Latina y de la valiosa y comprometida colaboración de un comité organizador, pudo realizarse en Guatemala, de manera virtual con sólido apoyo tecnológico, el VIII Encuentro Latinoamericano de Psicoterapias Integrativas (ELAPSI). Si bien, el producto final fue de una excelente calidad académica, científica, profesional y sociocultural, también fue de inmenso valor el llegar a concretarlo. Desde el momento en que nos fue confiada la realización del mismo en el marco del VII Encuentro Latinoamericano que se llevó a cabo en Uruguay en 2018, sabíamos que estábamos abriendo brecha. Por primera vez, un ELAPSI sería realizado fuera de América del Sur, en donde históricamente se había congregado la comunidad académica y profesional de las psicoterapias integrativas. Por lo tanto, iniciar el proceso de organización implicaba no solo colocar a Guatemala en el mapa latinoamericano de la integración psicoterapéutica sino también consolidar un equipo organizador que representara las voces integrativas de las Américas particularmente de aquellos países donde hasta el momento estaban casi silenciadas. Los valores de solidaridad, apoyo, entusiasmo y compromiso se hicieron presentes para emprender una tarea que, aunque ambiciosa desde sus albores, fue apasionante.

Unwanted mental intrusions (UMIs) with contents related to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD), and Eating Disorders (EDs) are highly prevalent, independently of the cultural and/or social context. Cognitive-behavioral explanations for these disorders postulates that the escalation from common UMIs to clinically relevant symptoms depends on the maladaptive consequences (i.e., emotions, appraisals, and control strategies) of experiencing UMIs. This study examines, from a cross-cultural perspective, the cognitive-behavioral postulates of the maladaptive consequences of having UMIs.Non-clinical 1,473 participants from Europe, the Middle-East, and South America completed the Questionnaire of Unpleasant Intrusive Thoughts to assess the maladaptive consequences of experiencing highly disturbing OCD, BDD, IAD, and EDs-related UMIs.Findings revealed main effects for both the country and the consequences associated with the four UMI contents. Interaction effects between the consequences of each UMI content and the sample location were also observed.Cognitive-Behavioral models for OCD, BDD, IAD, and EDs should be implemented along with socio-cultural variables that increase the understanding of the role of these variables in the phenomenology of UMIs and their associated consequences.Las intrusiones mentales no deseadas (IM) de contenidos relacionados con el Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC), el Trastorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC), la Ansiedad por la Enfermedad (AE), y los Trastornos Alimentarios (TAs) son muy prevalentes, independientemente de la cultura y/o el contexto social. Las explicaciones cognitivo-conductuales de esos trastornos postulan que la escalada de IM normales a síntomas clínicamente relevantes depende de las consecuencias desadaptativas (i.e., emociones, valoraciones y estrategias de control) de las IM. Este estudio examina los planteamientos sobre dichas consecuencias desde una perspectiva transcultural.1.473 participantes de Europa, Oriente Medio y Suramérica completaron el Inventario de Pensamientos Intrusos Desagradables para evaluar las consecuencias desadaptativas de experimentar IM muy molestas con contenidos de TOC, TDC, AE y TAs.Se obtuvieron efectos principales tanto para el país como para las consecuencias asociadas con los cuatro contenidos de IM, así como efectos de interacción entre las consecuencias de cada modalidad de IM y la localización de la muestra.Los modelos cognitivo-conductuales sobre el TOC, el TDC, la AE y los TAs deben complementarse con variables socioculturales que aumenten la comprensión del papel de esas variables en la fenomenología de las IM y sus consecuencias asociadas.

espanolEl articulo aborda el campo actual de la psicoterapia, sus fortalezas y sus debilidades. Lo hace a traves de dos ejes: un recorrido historico que permite observar el modo en que se fueron desagregando los componentes de la disciplina y un analisis de las circunstancias que favorecen y que amenazan su desarrollo. Las fortalezas se asocian con la eficiencia demostrada y la enorme versatilidad teorico-tecnica. La amenaza se enfoca sobre los procedimientos pseudo-cientificos y el exceso del consumo de los psicofarmacos. El reconocimiento social y la diseminacion que logro en algo mas de 100 anos, termino generando un territorio sumamente fragmentado, en torno a 4 grandes enfoques teorico y varios centenares de abordajes terapeuticos. Esta fragmentacion es una fuente de confusion y el mayor obstaculo para su desarrollo. La integracion es el camino mas razonable y necesario a recorrer para superar sus limitaciones. Se describen diversas situaciones que ilustran principios de integracion ya conquistados y se exponen las tres guias fundamentales a seguir para su consolidacion. EnglishThe article addresses the strengths and weakness of the current field of psychotherapy. Therefore, a historical journey is presented, which permits to analyze the evolution of the discipline as well as an analysis of the circumstances that favor and threaten its development. The identified strengths revolve around the demonstrated efficiency and the theoretical-technical versatility. The threat focuses on pseudo-scientific procedures and the excessive consumption of psychotropic drugs. The social recognition and dissemination that psychotherapy achieved throughout 100 years, ended up generating a highly fragmented territory, around 4 major theoretical approaches and several hundred of therapeutic approaches. This fragmentation is a source of confusion and the most significant obstacle to its development. Integration is the most reasonable and necessary way to overcome the limitations. A range of situations are described that illustrate principles of integration that have already been achieved, and three fundamental guidelines that can be followed in order to consolidate the path towards integration.

Latin American literature on clinical supervision is limited and literature concerning technology-assisted supervision is virtually nonexistent. We address this gap, providing our perspective on the use of technology in distance supervision within Argentina and Guatemala. Despite important differences, these two countries share many sociocultural features. We contextualize these perspectives, describing therapist training according to the Integrative Model of Fundacion Aigle. Through the use of vignettes, we illustrate contextualized training experiences, concluding with a synthesis of strengths and weaknesses encountered when implementing the use of technology in distance supervision.

Latin Americans experience an especially large gap between their mental health needs and treatment availability. Access to treatment is limited by attitudes and stigma, the lack of substantial treatment infrastructures, and shortages of mental health professionals. The treatments that underserved populations do obtain are often informed by models imported from North America and Europe, without sufficient cultural adaptation. This chapter describes the work that Fundación Aiglé is doing to address this treatment gap. This includes its graduate training programs and supervision networks that extend regionally, beyond Argentina; its publications; and its treatment model, the integrative model of psychotherapy. The chapter also describes Aiglé’s Therapeutic Assistance Program for People with Limited Resources (PATER) as one approach to providing treatment to underserved populations. The work that Aiglé is doing provides a model for other nongovernmental agencies to adapt to their own circumstances.

Unwanted mental intrusions (UMIs), typically discussed in relation to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), are highly prevalent, regardless of the specific nationality, religion, and/or cultural context. Studies have also shown that UMIs related to Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Illness anxiety/Hypochondriasis (IA-H), and Eating Disorders (EDs) are commonly experienced. However, the influence of culture on these UMIs and their transdiagnostic nature has not been investigated.Participants were 1,473 non-clinical individuals from seven countries in Europe, the Middle-East, and South America. All the subjects completed the Questionnaire of Unpleasant Intrusive Thoughts, which assesses the occurrence and discomfort of four UMI contents related to OCD, BDD, IA-H, and EDs, and symptom questionnaires on the four disorders.Overall, 64% of the total sample reported having experienced the four UMIs. The EDs intrusions were the most frequently experienced, whereas hypochondriacal intrusions were the least frequent but the most disturbing. All the UMIs were significantly related to each other in frequency and disturbance, and all of them were associated with clinical measures of OCD, BDD, IA-H, and EDs.UMIs are a common phenomenon across different cultural contexts and operate transdiagnostically across clinically different disorders.Las intrusiones mentales no deseadas (IM), clásicamente estudiadas en relación con el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC), tienen una prevalencia elevada independientemente de la nacionalidad, religión, y/o el contexto cultural. Las investigaciones muestran que también es habitual experimentar IM sobre contenidos relacionados con el trastorno dismórfico corporal (TDC), la ansiedad por la enfermedad/hipocondría (AE-H) y los trastornos alimentarios (TCA). Sin embargo, la influencia de la cultura sobre estas IM y su naturaleza transdiagnóstica no se han investigado.Participaron 1.473 personas de siete países de Europa, Oriente Medio y Suramérica. Todas completaron el Cuestionario de Pensamientos Intrusos Desagradables, que evalúa la ocurrencia y malestar asociados a cuatro contenidos de IM relacionados con TOC, TDC, AE-H y TCA, y cuestionarios sobre síntomas de los cuatro trastornos.El 64% de la muestra total había experimentado las cuatro modalidades de IM. Las IM-TCA fueron las más frecuentes y las hipocondríacas las menos, pero las más molestas. Todas las IM mantuvieron relaciones entre sí, tanto en frecuencia como en molestia, y todas se asociaron con las medidas clínicas de TOC, TDC, AE-H y TCA.Las IM son una experiencia habitual en diferentes contextos culturales y operan de modo transdiagnóstico en trastornos clínicamente distintos.

Latin American literature on clinical supervision is limited and literature concerning technology-assisted supervision is virtually nonexistent. We address this gap, providing our perspective on the use of technology in distance supervision within Argentina and Guatemala. Despite important differences, these two countries share many sociocultural features. We contextualize these perspectives, describing therapist training according to the Integrative Model of Fundación Aiglé. Through the use of vignettes, we illustrate contextualized training experiences, concluding with a synthesis of strengths and weaknesses encountered when implementing the use of technology in distance supervision.

The commentary embraces three valuable contributions to the development of professional practice: (a) engagement with self‐practice/self‐reflection as a professional self‐development: the role of t...

El artículo presenta una guía de observación y clasificación de la conducta verbal de los terapeutas, la Guía de Observación de Terapeutas Aiglé (GOTA-v). Se revisan los estudios sobre la variable del terapeuta, especialmente el Estilo Personal y sus procedimientos de evaluación. Este nuevo instrumento fue aplicado a la transcripción de 44 sesiones de 12 terapeutas de Argentina con diferente orientación teórico-técnica y distinto grado de experiencia (bajo, medio y alto). Se delimitaron los textos de las sesiones en unidades de análisis y se clasificaron esas unidades con categorías pertenecientes a tres clases de actos de habla: Preguntas, afirmaciones e indicaciones. Se calculó el índice de acuerdo inter jueces de Kappa para cada clase. Se discuten los alcances y limitaciones del instrumento y sus posibilidades para la investigación en psicoterapia.

Clinical psychology is the area with the greatest number of practitioners, both in the United States and in Western Europe, as well as in Latin America. In more recent decades, health psychology has also become very important. This chapter presents a detailed view of this psychology field. During the first half of the twentieth century, the study of clinical phenomena focused on the mental ability diagnosis field and on the evaluation of individual differences. There was a great emphasis on the development of psychological tests and their application to specific contexts. Later, during the 1970s and 1980s, clinical psychology in Latin America developed other fields besides diagnosis, such as psychotherapy, research on abnormal behavior, and the promotion of mental health. The methodological controversies among various paradigms such as psychoanalysis, experimental analysis of behavior, humanistic psychology, systemic psychology, and Gestalt were very intense. Today there is in general a scientific and professional emphasis in clinical and health psychology in Latin America. On the other hand, there are centers dedicated to a specific approach to clinical and health issues, and there are notable differences among some countries.

Correspondence between self-descriptions and observations of external judges: A study on the personal style of the therapist. The personal style of the therapist (PST) is defined as the set of characteristics that lead the therapist to behave in a particular professional way. This empirical study aims to provide evidence of the concurrent validity of the EPT-C, an instrument to assess PST. Cluster analysis was performed with data from 79 audio-taped recorded sessions of 20 psychotherapists. The contrasting groups’ method was applied to compare EPT-C scores with the scores of the Guide for the Observation of the Therapist Aiglé (GOTA-v) as the criterion variable. The mean values, obtained in the EPT-C dimensions of three therapists’ clusters arising from the sessions’ observations and codification of emerging categories, were compared. Significant differences were found in two EPT-C dimensions: attentional and operative. These results are evidence of the concurrent validity of the EPT-C questionnaire.Resumen: El estilo personal del terapeuta (EPT) se conceptualiza como el conjunto de condiciones singulares que conducen a un terapeuta a operar en su desempeño profesional. El objetivo de este estudio empírico es aportar evidencia sobre la validez concurrente de un instrumento que evalúa el EPT (EPT-C). Se realizó un análisis de cluster a partir de 79 sesiones transcriptas de 20 psicoterapeutas. Para ello, se aplicó metodología de grupos contrastados para comparar los puntajes del EPT-C con los valores de la Guía de Observación del Terapeuta Aiglé (GOTA-v) como variable criterio. Se compararon las medias obtenidas en las dimensiones EPT-C para tres clusters de terapeutas, identificados a partir de la observación de las sesiones y la codificación de las categorías emergentes. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en dos dimensiones del el EPT-C: la atencional y la operativa. Los resultados evidencian la validez concurrente del instrumento EPT-C para evaluar el EPT.

Most cognitive approaches for understanding and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rest on the assumption that nearly everyone experiences unwanted intrusive thoughts, images and impulses from time to time. These theories argue that the intrusions themselves are not problematic, unless they are misinterpreted and/or attempts are made to control them in maladaptive and/or unrealistic ways. Early research has shown unwanted intrusions to be present in the overwhelming majority of participants assessed, although this work was limited in that it took place largely in the US, the UK and other ‘westernised’ or ‘developed’ locations. We employed the International Intrusive Thoughts Interview Schedule (IITIS) to assess the nature and prevalence of intrusions in nonclinical populations, and used it to assess ( n =777) university students at 15 sites in 13 countries across 6 continents. Results demonstrated that nearly all participants (93.6%) reported experiencing at least one intrusion during the previous three months. Doubting intrusions were the most commonly reported category of intrusive thoughts; whereas, repugnant intrusions (e.g., sexual, blasphemous, etc.) were the least commonly reported by participants. These and other results are discussed in terms of an international perspective on understanding and treating OCD.

Cognitive models of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) purport that obsessions are normal intrusive thoughts that are misappraised as significant, leading to negative emotional responses and maladaptive attempts to control the thoughts and related emotions. This paper utilised a large multi-national dataset of interview data regarding intrusive thoughts, to investigate three questions related to the cognitive model of OCD and to its stability across cultures. First, the paper aimed to investigate the implicit yet-hitherto-untested assumption of cognitive models that misappraisals and control strategies for intrusive thoughts relate similarly across cultures. Second, this study aimed to build upon recent studies categorising intrusive thoughts into repugnant and non-repugnant categories, by investigating whether the content of intrusive thought moderates the relationship between the thoughts and appraisals and control strategies. Finally, this study aimed to provide further evidence regarding whether general beliefs implicated in cognitive models of OCD (e.g., responsibility, importance of thoughts) influence the occurrence of intrusions via maladaptive appraisals and control strategies. Overall, it was found that while overall intrusive thought frequency, distress, ease and importance of dismissal all varied significantly by site, their relationship with appraisals and control strategies did not. Generally, appraisals and action taken to confront the thought were the more consistent predictors, with the notably caveat that the relationship between thought frequency and appraisals was not strong. Second, repugnant vs. non-repugnant thought-content differed only with respect to thought frequency, but thought-content did not moderate the relationship between intrusive thoughts and control strategies and appraisals. Finally, appraisals and control strategies generally partially mediated the relationship between general OCD-related beliefs and the occurrence of, and distress associated with, intrusive thoughts. The results are taken to add credence to cognitive models of OCD and their validity across cultures.

Fernandez-Alvarez 's Integrative Psychotherapy Model (IP Model) is designed to be applied to complex and difficult clinical patients. Scherb (2014) and her professional team aptly applied the IP Model to one such client, "Sonia," who received a successful, multilevel, integrated treatment for 10 years. Scherb's case illustrates the IP Model by analyzing links among the conceptualization, psychopathology, diagnosis, treatment plan, and specific interventions in the case. Her case study reflects the consistency and versatility of the IP Model to account for the complexity of a case in a systematic manner, and provides specific clinical indicators for evaluating the process and outcome in a complex and difficult case such as Sonia's.  Â

The aim of this article is to share our experience at the Aigle Foundation in fostering research that can conducted by (or in collaboration with) clinicians within a specific type of naturalistic setting—one that not only provides psychological services but also trains psychotherapists. After presenting the structure of Aigle and the implementation of its scientific-practitioner philosophy, we describe some of the research that has been conducted with our network of clinicians and the benefits of connecting clinical practice and academic work. We then discuss some of the obstacles that we have encountered in conducting such studies, as well as a number of strategies that we adopted in attempting to address these challenges. We end this article by briefly describing the current state of our practice-research network, and by offering some recommendations to facilitate the conduct of research by and for clinicians.

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) in Spanish and Argentinean samples. 90 OCD patients, 31 with non-OCD anxiety disorders and 84 non-clinical individuals completed the Spanish version of the OCI-R along with other OCD, depression, anxiety, and OCD-related cognition measures. The OCI-R showed significant associations with both OCD severity and other OCD symptom measures, beyond the relationships with depression, anxiety, and worry. The questionnaire also differentiated OCD from other anxiety disorders, except on the ordering and hoarding subscales. The relationships between the OCI-R subscales and dysfunctional beliefs were consistent with predictions based on cognitive models of OCD, although the coefficient sizes were generally weak. Our findings also indicate that the OCI-R is useful as a screening instrument and diagnostic tool, and has been shown to be sensitive to treatment.

Although integration has been formally influencing the field of psychotherapy since the 1930s, its impact gained significant momentum during the 1980s. Practical, theoretical, and scientific reasons help to explain the growing influence of integration in psychotherapy. The field of psychotherapy is characterized by many challenges which integration may change into meaningful opportunities. Nonetheless, many obstacles remain when seeking to advance integration. To appreciate the strength of integration in psychotherapy we describe an integrative, comprehensive approach to service delivery, research, and training. We then discuss the role of integration in the future of psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record

Current cognitive approaches postulate that obsessions and compulsions are caused and/or maintained by misinterpretations about their meaning. This assumption has led to the development of cognitive therapeutic (CT) procedures designed to challenge the dysfunctional appraisals and beliefs patients have about their obsessions. Nonetheless, few studies have compared the efficacy of individual and group CT in changing the dysfunctional cognitions that hypothetically underlie Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). In this study, 44 OCD patients were assigned to individual (n = 18) or group (n = 24) CT. Sixteen completed the individual CT, and 22 completed the group CT. The effects of the two CT conditions on depression and worry tendencies were comparable. Individual treatment was more effective than group treatment in decreasing scores on dysfunctional beliefs (responsibility, overestimation of threat, and intolerance to uncertainty) and the use of suppression as a thought control strategy. The post-treatment changes were maintained one year later. The correlations between symptom improvement (OCD severity change) and belief changes were moderate: in the individual treatment the greatest associations were with beliefs about thoughts (importance and control), whereas in the group treatment the greatest associations were with beliefs related to anxiety in general (threat overestimation and intolerance to uncertainty).

Background: Very few studies have compared the efficacy of individual and group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) by taking into consideration the change in OCD severity in both the short and long term. Aims: To conduct an open trial of individual versus group CBT for OCD, comparing the clinical and statistically significant changes in severity both at post-treatment and one year later. Method: Forty-two OCD subjects were assigned to individual (n = 18) or group CBT (n = 24, in four groups). Sixteen and 22 subjects completed the treatment in the individual and group conditions, respectively. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was recorded at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at the one-year follow-up. Results: At the end of treatment, the clinically significant change was comparable for the two treatment conditions and remained stable at the one-year follow-up. Of the 16 participants who completed the individual CBT treatment, 68.75% were classified as recovered at post-treatment, compared to 40.9% of those receiving group CBT. At follow-up the rate of recovery decreased to 62.5% in individual CBT and to 31.8% in group CBT. Conclusions: Group CBT is effective in decreasing OCD severity. The post-treatment changes were maintained one year later. Nevertheless, these changes were higher in the individual delivery of CBT.

This work studies relations between personal style of the therapist (PST), years of professional experience, therapist's theoretical-technical orientation (psychoanalytical, cognitive, integrative), and length of treatment. The purpose is to establish the extent to which these variables act as modulators of the functions that make up PST. The self-descriptive Personal Style of the Therapist Questionnaire (Fernandez-Alvarez, Garcia, Lo Bianco, & Corbella, 2003) was administered to 206 Argentinian psychotherapists subdivided according to 3 orientations: psychoanalytical (n=46), cognitive (n=44), and integrative (n=116). Corresponding intra- and intergroup analyses were also conducted. The authors found significant statistical differences in the PST composition of each group of psychotherapists. In addition, years of experience had a partial modulating effect on the evolution of PST functions in each specific orientation. There were also significant statistical differences between therapists in 2 of...

We posit the Personal Style of the Therapist (PST) construct. It is defined as ‘the set of characteristics that each therapist applies in every psychotherapeutic situation, thus shaping the main attributes of the therapeutic act’. Its background is examined and its main traits are described. It includes five bipolar dimensions: Instructional, Expressive, Engagement, Attentional and Operative. It may be assessed through a self-descriptive inventory. We list the psychometric properties found when the instrument was applied to a sample of N = 189 therapists in Argentina. We calculated descriptive statistics of the sample (means and standard deviations) and reliability coefficients (test–retest and Cronbach's alpha). To examine the dimension of the data a factor analysis of the main components was carried out using Varimax rotation. Results and potential applications of the instrument are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Se presenta un ejemplo característico del abordaje terapéutico aplicado en Aiglé, cuyos principios se ajustan a un modelo integrativo articulado en base a una perspectiva cognitivo-social. Se trata de una paciente que en la consulta inicial manifestaba signos agudos de una reacción de ansiedad asociados a componentes disfuncionales en aspectos nucleares de la personalidad. El trabajo sigue el recorrido del proceso gradual de la terapia. La primera etapa, a corto plazo, combinó intervenciones psicológicas focalizadas y psicofarmacológicas. La segunda etapa, a largo plazo, donde se incluyó a la paciente en un grupo terapéutico, estuvo centrada en el tratamiento de su trastorno de personalidad. La secuencia de las viñetas clínicas permite seguir la dinámica y las operaciones del complejo proceso de la terapia grupal, un instrumento particularmente potente en estos casos.

A key assumption of contemporary cognitive-behavioral models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is that obsessional thoughts exist on a continuum with “normal” unwanted intrusive thoughts. Recently, however, some authors have challenged this notion. The present study aimed to clarify (a) the extent that different types of intrusive thoughts in nonclinical individuals are associated with obsessionality, (b) the relative contribution of frequency, distress and control ratings to obsessionality, and (c) the extent that existing findings (primarily from North American or European samples) generalize to other countries in the world. Five hundred and fifty-four non clinical individuals from 11 different countries were administered an interview assessing the presence, frequency, distress, and perceived control of different types of intrusive thoughts. Participants also completed measures of obsessional beliefs, obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms, and depression. Results from data analyses supported the universality of unwanted intrusive thoughts, the continuity of normal and abnormal obsessions, and the specificity of dirt/contamination, doubt and miscellaneous intrusions to OC symptoms. Implications for intrusive thoughts as a potential vulnerability factor for OCD are discussed.

El Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (EPT) se conceptualiza como un constructo multidimensional que está presente en todo proceso terapéutico. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar una versión abreviada del cuestionario EPT-C y proporcionar nuevas pruebas sobre la validez de este instrumento como herramienta para la evaluación del constructo. Se administró el EPT-C a una muestra de 461 psicoterapeutas argentinos. Se analizó la validez de constructo del cuestionario mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, se estudió la relación entre la versión breve y la original, y se evaluó la capacidad del instrumento para discriminar a los diferentes grupos de terapeutas en variables de relevancia para el proceso y los resultados de la psicoterapia. Los resultados indicaron un buen ajuste entre el modelo de medida pentafactorial del EPT-C y las dimensiones del constructo teórico. El cuestionario EPT-C aporta una medida sensible para detectar diferencias entre grupos de terapeutas a partir de varias características de los mismos. The PST is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct which is present throughout the therapeutic pro-cess. The aim of this work is to present a brief versión of the PST-Questionnaire and to give new evidence about the validity of the instrument to evalúate it. The PST-Q was administered to a sample of 461 argentine therapists. A confirmatory factor analysis was applied, and it was studied the relationship between the brief and original versión. It was assessed its capacity to discrimínate the differencies between groups of therapists. The results indicated a good fit between the model of pentafactorial measure PST-Q and the dimensions of the theoretical construct. The PST-Q gives a measure to detect differences between groups of therapists.

Estudio comparativo entre terapeutas de distintas orientaciones teóricas que asisten o no a pacientes severamente perturbados, con el objetivo de evaluar las características del estilo personal consideradas óptimas.

This article reports the reliability and validity of the Coping Style and Resistance subscales of the Systematic Treatment Selection Self-Report (STS-SR) scale after its translation to Spanish. The English versions of the STS system identify eight empirically derived patient variables that have been found to moderate the effects of various classes of mental health treatment procedures. Research on these dimensions as treatment indicators, as assessed both by clinicians and through patient self-reports, indicates that they increase the efficiency and effectiveness of treatment among English-speaking samples. This article reports a study of the convergent and discriminant validity of two of the subscales, Coping Style and Trait Resistance. The subscales were translated English into Spanish and administered to large Spanish and Argentinean subject pools, along with established measures of the same and related constructs. Results revealed that both scales possessed good internal consistency and adequate discriminant validity. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.

Pathological Affective Dependence (PAD) is the steady way two or more people relate to each other when such relationship provokes actions harmful to their mental health.

Se presenta un estudio de caso en el que se aplica psicoterapia cognitiva en un paciente con trastorno obsesivo compulsivo con intrusiones de contaminación y duda con rituales de lavado y verificación. El tratamiento se basa en el modelo cognitivo del TOC, que propone que los sesgos a través de los cuales se valoran las ideas intrusivas son el principal factor de mantenimiento del trastorno. Las intervenciones que de él se derivan incluyeron psicoeducación y técnicas cognitivas para flexibilizar esos sesgos. La evaluación de resultados post tratamiento mostró una mejoría moderada de los síntomas, una marcada flexibilización de los sesgos y una notable mejoría en la funcionalidad del paciente.