Search

Your search keyword '"H, Kano"' showing total 1,081 results
Start Over Author "H, Kano"
1,081 results on '"H, Kano"'

2. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. Kitazawa, H. Kitazumi, T. Kito, T. Kobayashi, T. Koeda, J. Kojima, H. Komatsu, I. Komatsu, Y. Koshibu, T. Kotani, T. Kozuka, Y. Kumai, T. Kumazaki, I. Maeda, K. Maeda, Y. Maruyama, S. Matsui, K. Matsushita, Y. Matsuura, K. Mineoi, H. Mitsuhashi, N. Miura, S. Miyaguchi, S. Miyajima, H. Miyamoto, A. Miyashita, S. Miyata, I. Mizuguchi, A. Mizuno, T. Mori, O. Moriai, K. Morishita, O. Murai, Sho Nagai, Shunichi Nagai, E. Nagata, H. Nagata, A. Nakagomi, S. Nakahara, M. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, N. Nakanishi, T. Nakayama, R. Nakazato, T. Nanke, J. Nariyama, Y. Niijima, H. Niinuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Nishihata, K. Nishino, H. Nishioka, K. Nishizawa, I. Niwa, K. Nomura, S. Nomura, M. Nozoe, T. Ogawa, N. Ohara, M. Okada, K. Okamoto, H. Okita, M. Okuyama, H. Ono, T. Ono, Y. Onuki Pearce, S. Oriso, A. Ota, E. Otaki, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Samejima, Y. Sasagawa, H. Sasaguri, A. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, Kazuki Sato, Kiyoharu Sato, M. Sawano, S. Seki, Y. Sekine, Y. Seta, K. Sezaki, N. Shibata, Y. Shiina, H. Shimono, Y. Shimoyama, T. Shindo, H. Shinohara, R. Shinohe, T. Shinozuka, T. Shirai, T. Shiraiwa, Y. Shozawa, T. Suga, C. Sugimoto, Kazuo Suzuki, Keita Suzuki, Shu Suzuki, Shunji Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, A. Taguchi, T. Takagi, Y. Takagi, K. Takahashi, S. Takahashi, H. Takai, C. Takanaka, S. Take, H. Takeda, K. Takei, K. Takenaka, T. Tana, G. Tanabe, K. Taya, H. Teragawa, S. Tohyo, S. Toru, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Tsuji, K. Tsuzaki, H. Uchiyama, O. Ueda, Y. Ueyama, N. Wakaki, T. Wakiyama, T. Washizuka, M. Watanabe, T. Yamada, T. Yamagishi, H. Yamaguchi, Kenichi Yamamoto, Kentaro Yamamoto, Kunihiko Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Yamaura, M. Yamazoe, K. Yasui, Y. Yokoyama, K. Yoshida, T.W. Lim, C.K. Ching, C.G. Foo, J.H. Chow, D.D. Chen, F.R. Jaufeerally, Y.M. Lee, G. Lim, W.T. Lim, S. Thng, S.Y. Yap, C. Yeo, S. Oh, H.N. Pak, J.-B. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.-W. Jang, D.H. Kim, D.R. Ryu, S.W. Park, D.-K. Kim, D.J. Choi, Y.S. Oh, M.-C. Cho, S.-H. Kim, H.-K. Jeon, D.-G. Shin, J.S. Park, H.K. Park, S.-J. Han, J.H. Sung, J.-G. Cho, G.-B. Nam, Y.K. On, H.E. Lim, J.J. Kwak, T.-J. Cha, T.J. Hong, S.H. Park, J.H. Yoon, N.-H. Kim, K.-S. Kim, B.C. Jung, G.-S. Hwang, C.-J. Kim, D.B. Kim, J.J. Ahn, H.J. An, H. Bae, A.L. Baek, W.J. Chi, E.A. Choi, E.H. Choi, H.K. Choi, H.S. Choi, S. Han, E.S. Heo, K.O. Her, S.W. Hwang, E.M. Jang, H.-S. Jang, S. Jang, H.-G. Jeon, S.R. Jeon, Y.R. Jeon, H.K. Jeong, I.-A. Jung, Hyeon Jeong Kim, Hyun Ju Kim, Ji Seon Kim, Jung Sook Kim, J.A. Kim, K.T. Kim, M.S. Kim, Sang Hee Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, Y.-I. Kim, C.S. Lee, E.H. Lee, G.H. Lee, H.Y. Lee, H.-Y. Lee, K.H. Lee, K.R. Lee, M.S. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, R.W. Lee, S.E. Lee, S.H. Lee, S. Lee, W.Y. Lee, I.K. Noh, A.R. Park, B.R. Park, H.N. Park, J.H. Park, M. Park, Y. Park, S.-Y. Seo, J. Shim, J.H. Sim, Y.M. Sohn, W.S. Son, Y.S. Son, H.J. Song, H.K. Wi, J.J. Woo, S. Ye, K.H. Yim, K.M. Yoo, E.J. Yoon, S.Y. Yun, P. Angchaisuksiri, S. Chawanadelert, P. Mongkolwongroj, K. Kanokphatcharakun, S. Cheewatanakornkul, T. Laksomya, S. Pattanaprichakul, T. Chantrarat, S. Rungaramsin, S. Silaruks, W. Wongcharoen, K. Siriwattana, K. Likittanasombat, P. Katekangplu, W. Boonyapisit, D. Cholsaringkarl, B. Chatlaong, P. Chattranukulchai, Y. Santanakorn, P. Hutayanon, P. Khunrong, T. Bunyapipat, S. Jai-Aue, P. Kaewsuwanna, P. Bamungpong, S. Gunaparn, S. Hongsuppinyo, R. Inphontan, R. Khattaroek, K. Khunkong, U. Kitmapawanont, C. Kongsin, B. Naratreekoon, S. Ninwaranon, J. Phangyota, A. Phrommintikul, P. Phunpinyosak, K. Pongmorakot, S. Poomiphol, N. Pornnimitthum, S. Pumprueg, S. Ratchasikaew, K. Sanit, K. Sawanyawisuth, B. Silaruks, R. Sirichai, A. Sriwichian, W. Suebjaksing, P. Sukklad, T. Suttana, A. Tangsirira, O. Thangpet, W. Tiyanon, Y. Vorasettakarnkij, T. Wisaratapong, W. Wongtheptien, A. Wutthimanop, S. Yawila, A. Oto, A. Altun, I. Ozdogru, K. Ozdemir, O. Yilmaz, A. Aydinlar, M.B. Yilmaz, E. Yeter, Z. Ongen, M. Cayli, H. Pekdemir, M. Ozdemir, M. Sucu, T. Sayin, M. Demir, H. Yorgun, M. Ersanli, E. Okuyan, D. Aras, H. Abdelrahman, O. Aktas, D. Alpay, F. Aras, M.F. Bireciklioglu, S. Budeyri, M. Buyukpapuc, S. Caliskan, M. Esen, M.A. Felekoglu, D. Genc, B. Ikitimur, E.B. Karaayvaz, S. Kılıç Karataş, S. Okutucu, E. Ozcelik, A. Quisi, H. Sag, L. Sahiner, B.Y. Sayin, T. Seker, D. Uzun Alkan, E. Yildirim, R. Yildirim, F. Yilmaz, V. Yuksekdag, H.L. Luciardi, N. Vensentini, A.C. Ingaramo, G.A. Sambadaro, V. Fernandez Caputi, S.G. Berman, P. Dragotto, A.J. Kleiban, N. Centurion, G. Giacomi, R.A. Ahuad Guerrero, D. Conde, G. Zapata, L.A. Di Paola, J.L. Ramos, R.D. Dran, J. Egido, A.A. Fernandez, M.J. Fosco, S. Sassone, V.A. Sinisi, L.R. Cartasegna, M.A. Berli, O.A. Gomez Vilamajo, F. Ferroni, E.D. Alaguibe, A. Alvarez D'Amelio, C. Arabetti, L. Arias, J.A. Belardi, L. Bergesio, F. Berli, M. Berli, S. Borchowiec, C. Buzzetti, R. Cabrini, V. Campisi, A.L. Cappi, R. Carrizo, F. Colombo Berra, J.P. Costabel, O.J.A. Costamagna, A.A. Damonte, I.N. De Urquiza, F. Diez, M.F. Edén, M. Fanuele, F. Fernandez Voena, M. Foa Torres, C. Funosas, M.P. Giacomi, C.H. Gimenez, E.P. Gurfinkel, M. de L.M. Had, V. Hansen, A.D. Hrabar, M. Ingratta, A. Lopez, G. Maehara, L. Maffei, A. Martinelli, C. Martinelli, J. Matkovich, B. Mautner, A. Meirino, R. Munguia, A. Navarro, V. Novas, G. Perez Prados, J. Pontoriero, R.N. Potito, C. Ricotti, M.A. Rodriguez, F. Rolandi, M.E. Said Palladino, M. Salinger, L.S. Sanziani, P.O. Schygiel, A. Sossich, J.F. Tinto, L. Tonelli, A.L. Tufare, M. Vallejo, M.E. Yunis, M. Zillo, F.J. Zurbrigk, A.C.P. Barretto, D.C. Sobral Filho, J. Jaber, D. Armaganijan, J. Faria Neto, A. Steffens, W. Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, J.D. de Souza Neto, J.M. Ribeiro, M. Silveira Teixeira, P.R. Ferreira Rossi, L. Pires, D. Moreira, J.C. Moura Jorge, A. Menezes Lorga Filho, L.C. Bodanese, M. Westerlund Montera, C.H. Del Carlo, T. Da Rocha Rodrigues, F.A. Alves da Costa, A. Lopes, R. Lopes, G.R. Araújo, E.R. Fernandes Manenti, J.F. Kerr Saraiva, J.C. Ferreira Braga, A. Negri, L. Souto, C. Moncada, D. Bertolim Precoma, F. Roquette, G. Reis, R.A. Ramos Filho, E. Lanna Figueiredo, R. Vieira Botelho, C. Munhoz da Fontoura Tavares, C.R. Costantini Frack, J. Abdalla Saad, H.C. Finimundi, C. Pisani, D. Chemello, M. Pereira Martins, C.C. Broilo França, F. Alban, G.B. Aranha Rosito, J.B. de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, R.T. Tumelero, L. Nigro Maia, R. Simões de Almeida, N.C. do Carmo Borges, L.G. Gomes Ferreira, P. Agliardi, J. Alves de Oliveira Gomes, V. Araujo, M. Arruda Nakazone, T. Barbosa, S. Barroso, E. Belisario Falchetto, H. Bellotti Lopes, M.A. Benez Teixeira Lemos, G. Biazus, L. Borges Queiroz, F.E. Camazzola, M. Caporale, S. Cardoso Boscato, F. Chieza, M.O. Chokr, R. Clemente Mingireanov, N. Codonho Góes, C. Correa, M. Costa, C. Costantini Ortiz, L.S. da Silva, F. da Silva Paulitsch, J.A. da Silveira, E. Daros, G.R. de Araújo, M.I. Del Monaco, C. Dias, M.A. Dias, A.P. Drummond Wainstein, P. Ely Pizzato, D.C. Esteves, P. Fabri, T. Félix Lorenzato Fonseca, E. Fernandes, C. Fonseca, C.R. Frack Costantini, R. Franchin Ferraz, F. Freire, P. Gottardo, D. Guanaes, S. Guizzardi, E. Hettwer Magedanz, F. Igansi, F. Jannuzzi, G. Junior, D. Komar, E.G. Lino, D. Lopes, O. Lourenço da Silva Júnior, E. Lustosa, A.P. Macagnan, M.C. Marinho, M. Mazzoni, G. Melo, L. Mortari, O.M.C.C. Mouco, C. Nanzer Vital, C. Ormundo, S. Oss Emmer, E. Palmegiani, R. Pavani, L. Pereira, V.L. Pereira, R. Perreira, S. Poletti, S.C. Quaia Fortunato, C. Queirantes, N. Ramos Pereira, R.L. Rech, S. Ribeiro, A. Rodrigues, H. Roesch, T. Ruaro Reichert, D. Santos, I. Santos, M. Santos, M.V. Seroqui, S. Silva, L. Soares, L. Spolaor, C. Stoll, N. Toazza Duda, L. Trama, B. Unterkircher, M.V. Valois, T. Vargas, T. Viana, C. Vicente, L. Vidal Armaganijan, R. Vieira Homem, L.G. Vieira Torres, L. Vila Boas, F. Villaça Guimarães Filho, R. Corbalan, G. Eggers, C. Bugueño Gutiérrez, G. Arriagada, S. Potthoff Cardenas, B.A.J. Stockins Fernandez, C. Conejeros, C. Houzvic, P. Marin Cuevas, H. Montecinos, A. Forero, F. Lanas, M. Larico Gómez, G. Charme Vilches, C. Rey, C. Astudillo, J. Aguilar, Y. Campisto, C. Lara, E. Molina, J. Munoz Oyarzon, V. Olguin, M. Vergara, C. Villan, C.J. Sánchez Díaz, J. Illescas Diaz, R. Leal Cantú, M.G. Ramos Zavala, R. Cabrera Jardines, N. Espinola Zavaleta, S. Villarreal Umaña, E. López Rosas, G. Llamas Esperón, G. Pozas, E. Cardona Muñoz, N. Matadamas Hernández, A. Leyva Rendón, N. García Hernández, M. de los Ríos Ibarra, L. Virgen Carrillo, D. López Villezca, C. Hernández Herrera, J.J. López Prieto, R. Gaona Rodríguez, E. Villeda Espinosa, D. Flores Martínez, J. Velasco Barcena, R. Yong, I. Rodríguez Briones, J.L. Leiva Pons, H. Álvarez López, R. Olvera Ruiz, C. Díaz de la Vega, C. Cantú Brito, E. Chuquiure Valenzuela, R. Reyes-Sanchez, A. Bazzoni Ruiz, O. Nandayapa Flores, M. Benavides Gonzalez, R. Arriaga Nava, J.D. Morales Cerda, O. Fierro Fierro, P. Fajardo Campos, T.A.A. Alfaro, S. Altamirano Bellorin, R. Avena, M. Chavarria, I. Espinosa, F. Flores Silva, R.H. Garcia Nava, K. Godoy, E.J. Gonzalez Felix, C.L. Gonzalez Garcia, L.G. Gonzalez Salas, P. Guajardo, S. Hernandez Gonzalez, T. Izquierdo, M.C. Mancilla Ortiz, D. Martinez Vasquez, N. Mendoza, J. Morales, N. Nikitina, S. Ochoa Aybar, A. Ortiz, P. Padilla Macias, F. Perez, J.A. Perez Sanchez, S. Piña Toledano, M. Ramos Gonzalez, C. Rivera Ramos, V. Roa Castro, G. Romero Cardona, M. Ruiz Cornejo, A. Salinas, G. Santana, P. Sida Perez, A.C. Tovar Castaneda, R. Trujillo Cortes, M. Brodmann, K. Lenz, H. Drexel, J. Foechterle, C. Hagn, A. Podczeck-Schweighofer, K. Huber, M. Winkler, B. Schneeweiß, A. Gegenhuber, W. Lang, S. Eichinger-Hasenauer, P. Kaserer, J. Sykora, H. Rasch, M. Pichler, E. Schaflinger, B. Strohmer, R. Breier, K.-M. Ebner, L. Eischer, F. Freihoff, A. Lischka-Lindner, T. Mark, A. Mirtl, A. Said, C. Stöcklöcker, B. Vogel, A. Vonbank, C. Wöhrer, D. Zanolin, F. Cools, G. Paparella, P. Vandergoten, J.-L. Parqué, L. Capiau, G. Vervoort, B. Wollaert, P. Desfontaines, G. Mairesse, T. Boussy, P. Godart, A. De Wolf, J. Voet, A. Heyse, G. Hollanders, W. Anné, J. Vercammen, P. Purnode, I. Blankoff, D. Faes, Y. Balthazar, M. Beutels, P. Maréchal, S. Verstraete, O. Xhaet, H. Striekwold, J. Thoeng, K. Hermans, B. Alzand, A.-K. Ascoop, F. Banaeian, A.-M. Barbuto, A.C. Billiaux, M. Blockmans, C. Bouvy, C. Brike, H. Capiau, T. Casier, A. Conde Y Bolado, D. De Cleen, M. De Coninck, M. de Vos, N. de Weerdt, M. Delforge, M. Delvigne, D. Denie, K. Derycker, E. Deweerd, F. Dormal, S. Drieghe, M. Everaert, T. Eykerman, E. Feys, M. Ghekiere, F. Gits, S. Hellemans, L. Helvasto, C. Jacobs, S. Lips, I. Mestdagh, J. Nimmegeers, V. Piamonte, P. Pollet, A. Postolache, M. Raepers, E. Raymenants, J. Richa, H. Rombouts, J. Salembier, C. Scheurwegs, O. Semeraro, N. Simons, C. Smessaert, W. Smolders, I. Stockman, S. Tahon, V. Thyssen, G. Tincani, F. Van Durme, D. Van Lier, H. Vandekerckhove, Y. Vandekerckhove, D. Vandenbroeck, A. Vandorpe, E. Vanhalst, B. Vanhauwaert, C. Vantomme, L. Vergauwen, H. Verloove, T. Vydt, T. Weyn, P. Jansky, P. Reichert, R. Spacek, V. Machova, E. Zidkova, O. Ludka, J. Olsr, L. Kotik, K. Plocova, B. Racz, R. Ferkl, J. Hubac, I. Kotik, Z. Monhart, H. Burianova, O. Jerabek, J. Pisova, I. Petrova, V. Dedek, M. Honkova, P. Podrazil, J. Spinar, J. Vitovec, M. Novak, J. Lastuvka, V. Durdil, P. Antonova, L. Bockova, J. Bultas, J. Chlumsky, L. Dastychova, T. Drasnar, J. Honek, M. Horejsi, V. Hubacova, L. Janska, I. Kopeckova, R. Kratochvilova, E. Krcova, R. Labrova, A. Lindourkova, J. Lipoldova, H. Lubanda, A. Ludkova, L. Mahdalikova, M. Majerníkova, D. Michalik, P. Potuznik, E. Prochazkova, A. Sulc, J. Sveceny, M. Valtova, M. Zidek, J. Zika, J. Nielsen, H. Nielsen, S. Husted, U. Hintze, S. Rasmussen, A. Bremmelgaard, J. Markenvard, J. Boerger, J. Solgaard, P. Simonsen, T. Loekkegaard, M. Bruun, J. Mertz, H. Domínguez, K. Skagen, K. Egstrup, H. Ibsen, I. Raymond, T. Bang-Hansen, C. Ellervik, E. Eriksen, L. Jensen, M. Jensen, M. Leth, A. Nygaard, J. Park, M. Schou, A. Therkelsen, J. Tilma, K. Vesterager, P. Raatikainen, J. Airaksinen, O. Arola, J. Koistinen, H. Nappila, K. Peltomäki, V. Rasanen, T. Vasankari, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, M. Galinier, Y. Gottwalles, F. Paganelli, P. Loiselet, J.-J. Muller, M.B. Koujan, A. Marquand, S. Destrac, O. Piot, N. Delarche, J.-P. Cebron, S. Boveda, M. Guenoun, D. Guedj-Meynier, D. Galley, J. Ohayon, S. Assouline, M. Zuber, P. Amarenco, E. Ellie, J. Kadouch, P.-Y. Fournier, J.-P. Huberman, M. Lemaire, G. Rodier, L. Milandre, X. Vandamme, I. Sibon, J.-P. Neau, M.H. Mahagne, A. Mielot, M. Bonnefoy, J.-B. Churet, V. Navarre, F. Sellem, G. Monniot, J.-P. Boyes, B. Doucet, M. Martelet, D. Obadia, B. Crousillat, J. Mouallem, E. Bearez, P. Nazeyrollas, J.P. Brugnaux, A. Fedorowsky, F. Casassus, J.-B. Berneau, F. Chemin, N. Falvo, J.-M. Perron, J.-E. Poulard, A. Barreau, C. Beltra, E. Corrihons, N. Decarsin, B. Dubois, E. Ducasse, X. Giry, A. Kemmel, S. Ledure, N. Lemaire, F. Robin, N. Rosolin, D. Sanchez, A. Suissa, H. Darius, G. Königer, J. Purr, U. Gerbaulet, B.-T. Kellner, A. Kopf, T. Schäfer, H. Zauzig, P. Riegel, H. Hohensee, E. Eißfeller, W. Eder, G. Rehling, D. Glatzel, S. Zutz, G.-U. Heinz, H. Menke, A. Pustelnik, P. Sandow, N. Ludwig, H. Wiswedel, W. Wildenauer, C. Axthelm, T. Schwarz, A. Babyesiza, G. Stuchlik, H.-H. Zimny, M. Kropp, F. Kahl, A. Caspar, S. Omankowsky, T. Läßig, H.-J. Hartmann, G. Lehmann, H.-W. Bindig, G. Hergdt, D. Reimer, J. Hauk, W. Dorsch, J. Dshabrailov, H. Michel, K.-A. Rapp, R. Vormann, P. Mayer, U. Horstmeier, V. Eissing, H. Hey, H. Leuchtgens, V. Lilienweiß, K. Kolitsch, C. Schubert, H. Lauer, T. Buchner, G. Brauer, S. Kamin, K. Müller, M. Abdel-Qader, S. Baumbach, H.-H. Ebert, C. Schwencke, S. Schellong, P. Bernhardt, L. Karolyi, B. Sievers, W. Haverkamp, P. Salbach, J.-U. Röhnisch, S. Schoen, W. Erdle, T. Mueller, H. Mueller, V. Mitrovic, Z. Babjakova, K. Bergner, S. Boehme, K. Bonin, D. Buckert, F. Busch, U. Dichristin, S. Diez, A. Fleck, K. Flint, H. Floegel, C. Fritz, R. Frommhold, J. Gehre, J. Geyer, A. Grytzmann, M. Hahn, K. Helgert, K. Hubert, K. Kirchner-Volker, V. Klein, D. Kroll, A. Krueger, R. Lehmann, L. Mann, A. Maselli, G. Menken, K. Mikes, H. Mortan, N. Nasser, D. Nicolaus, A. Plauskat, L. Pomper, A. Quietzsch, C. Ravenhorst, C. Reichelt, C. Reimer, B. Schaefer, S. Scharrer, K. Schirmer, K. Schmidt, R. Schoene, J. Schulze, M. Schuppe, S. Simon, S. Sommer, K. Spranger, A. Talkenberger, K. Tauber, A. Tetlak, T. Toennishoff, R. Voelkel-Babyesiza, B. Voigts, U. Weiser, S. Wesendorf, S. Wildenauer, T. Wolf, J. Wurziger, J. Zak, H.-D. Zauzig, S. Ziefle, S. Zincke, M. Keltai, S. Vangel, G. Szalai, B. Merkely, S. Kancz, Z. Boda, A. Nagy, Z. Laszlo, A. Matoltsy, B. Gaszner, P. Polgar, T. Habon, E. Noori, G. Juhasz, N. Kanakaridisz, I. Szentpeteri, F. Juhasz, A. Vertes, A. Papp, Z. May, J. Ferenczi, M. Egyutt, E. Kis, G. Engelthaler, G. Szantai, E. Fulop, P. Gombos, D. Gulyas, P. Jen, E. Kiralyhazine Gyorke, M. Kovacs, S. Kovacsne Levang, S. Marianna, Z. Radics, N. Sydó, R. Szalo, A. Szilagyi, F. Sztanyik, B. Vandrus, G. Agnelli, G. Ambrosio, E. Tiraferri, R. Santoro, S. Testa, G. Di Minno, M. Moia, T.M. Caimi, G. Martini, M. Tessitori, R. Cappelli, D. Poli, R. Quintavalla, F. Melone, F. Cosmi, A. Pizzini, G. Piseddu, R. Fanelli, C. Latella, R. Santi, L. Pancaldi, R. De Cristofaro, G. Palareti, A. De Blasio, J. Salerno Uriarte, F. Minetti, E.M. Pogliani, L.M. Lonati, M. Accogli, N. Ciampani, S. Malengo, M. Feola, A. Raisaro, L. Fattore, P. Grilli, F. Germini, M. Settimi, M. Alunni, G. Duranti, L. Tedeschi, G. Baglioni, G. Avanzino, M. Berardi, V. Pannacci, A. Giombolini, S. Nicoli, T. Scarponi, B. Allasia, P. Ricciarini, R. Nasorri, A. Argena, P. Bossolasco, P. Ronchini, A. Filippi, F. Tradati, C. Bulla, L. Donzelli, L. Foppa, M.L. Bottarelli, A. Tomasello, A. Mauric, C. Femiano, R. Reggio, F. Lillo, A. Mariani, F. Forcignanò, M. Volpe, M. D'Avino, M.G. Bongiorni, S. Severi, A. Capucci, C. Lodigiani, E. Salomone, G. Serviddio, C. Tondo, P. Golino, C. Mazzone, S. Iacopino, V. Pengo, M. Galvani, L. Moretti, P. Ambrosino, E. Banfi, V. Biagioli, A. Bianchi, G. Boggian, M. Breschi, S. Brusorio, F. Calcagnoli, G. Campagna, M. Carpenedo, C. Ciabatta, G. Ciliberti, G. Cimmino, C. D'Arienzo, L. Di Gennaro, M. Fedele, P.M. Ferrini, K. Granzow, G. Guazzaloca, F. Guerra, A. Lo Buglio, S. Longo, F. Macellari, E. Mesolella, E. Mollica Poeta, P. Occhilupo, V. Oriana, G. Rangel, L. Salomone, A. Scaccianoce, C. Scarone, L. Segreti, G. Sottilota, R. Villani, C. Zecca, H. ten Cate, J.H. Ruiter, H. Klomps, M. Bongaerts, M.G.C. Pieterse, C. Guldener, J.-P. Herrman, G. Lochorn, A. Lucassen, H. Adriaansen, S.H.K. The, P.R. Nierop, P.A.M. Hoogslag, W. Hermans, B.E. Groenemeijer, W. Terpstra, C. Buiks, L.V.A. Boersma, M. Boersma-Slootweg, F. Bosman, M. Bosschaert, S. Bruin, I. Danse, J. De Graaf, J. de Graauw, M. Debordes, S. Dols, F. Geerlings, K. Gorrebeeck, A. Jerzewski, W. Jetten, M. Kelderman, T. Kloosterman, E.M. Koomen, J. Krikken, P. Melman, R. Mulder, A. Pronk, A. Stallinga-de Vos, J. te Kaat, P. Tonino, B. Uppelschoten, R. van de Loo, T. van der Kley, G. van Leeuwen, J.J. van Putten, L. Westerman, D. Atar, E. Berge, P.A. Sirnes, E. Gjertsen, T. Hole, K. Erga, A. Hallaråker, G. Skjelvan, A. Østrem, B. Ghezai, A. Svilaas, P. Christersson, T. Øien, S. Høegh Henrichsen, J. Berg-Johansen, J.E. Otterstad, H. Antonsen, K. Ausen, H. Claussen, I. Dominguez, A. Jekthammer, A.B. Lensebraaten, V. Nilsen, M. O'Donovan, K. Ringdalen, S. Strand, J. Stepinska, R. Korzeniak, A. Gieroba, M. Biedrzycka, Marcin Ogorek, B. Wozakowska-Kaplon, K. Loboz-Grudzien, J. Kosior, W. Supinski, J. Kuzniar, R. Zaluska, J. Hiczkiewicz, L. Swiatkowska-Byczynska, L. Kucharski, M. Gruchala, P. Minc, M. Olszewski, G. Kania, M. Krzciuk, Z. Lajkowski, B. Ostrowska-Pomian, J. Lewczuk, E. Zinka, A. Karczmarczyk, M. Chmielnicka-Pruszczynska, M. Trusz-Gluza, G. Opolski, M. Bronisz, Michal Ogorek, G. Glanowska, P. Ruszkowski, K. Jaworska, R. Sciborski, B. Okopien, P. Kukla, I. Wozniak-Skowerska, K. Galbas, K. Cymerman, J. Jurowiecki, P. Miekus, W. Myszka, S. Mazur, R. Lysek, J. Baszak, T. Rusicka-Piekarz, G. Raczak, E. Domanska, J. Nessler, J. Lesnik, M. Ambicka, D. Andrzejewski, J. Araminowicz, A. Barszcz, R. Bartkowiak, J. Bartnik, M. Basiak, E. Bekieszczuk, L. Bernat, L. Biedrzycki, A. Biernacka, D. Blaszczyk, E. Broton, W. Brzozowski, M. Brzustowska, R. Bzymek, A. Chmielowski, P. Chojnowski, R. Cichomski, K. Cieslak, A. Cieszynska, B. Curyllo, M. Czamara, L. Danilowicz-Szymanowicz, B. Dolecka, L. Drelich, B. Dudzik-Richter, T. Dybala, M. Dziuba, W. Faron, M. Figura-Chmielewska, A. Frankiewicz, W. Gadzinski, E. Gasior, B. Gosciniecka, P. Gutknecht, M. Guziewicz, A. Jackun-Podlesna, G. Jaguszewska, J. Jankielewicz, A. Jaremczuk-Kaczmarczyk, M. Jargiello-Baszak, A. Jarzebowski, E. Jaskulska-Niedziela, M. Jaworska-Drozdowska, J. Kabat, A. Kaczmarzyk-Radka, K. Kalin, R. Kaliszczak, M. Kiliszek, M. Klata, M. Kluczewski, I. Kobielusz-Gembala, E. Kochanska, D. Kociolek, A. Kolodzinska, A. Komlo, A. Konopka, E. Korczowska, E. Kowal, H.K. Kowalczyk, E. Kremis, D. Kruczyk, A. Krzesiak-Lodyga, M. Krzyzanowski, W. Kurdzielewicz, D. Kustrzycka-Kratochwil, D. Lesniewska-Krynska, J. Leszczynski, E. Lewicka, E. Lichota, K. Lip, M. Loboz-Rudnicka, J. Luka, A. Lysek-Jozefowicz, M. Machnikowska, K. Majewska, R. Mariankowski, A. Markiewicz, M. Mazur, A. Metzgier-Gumiela, E. Miedlar, M. Mielcarek, J. Neubauer-Geryk, J. Niedek, A. Niemirycz-Makurat, A. Nowak, S. Nowak, B. Opielowska-Nowak, M. Ozgowicz, A. Pawelska-Buczen, E. Pawlik-Rak, R. Piotrowicz, P. Ptaszynski, A. Raczynska, W. Rogowski, J. Romanek, R. Romaszkiewicz, P. Rostoff, N. Roszczyk, D. Rozewska-Furmanek, J. Rychta, B. Rzyczkowska, A. Sidor, J. Skalska, M. Smichura, M. Splawski, P. Staneta, E. Staniszewska, J. Starak-Marciniak, M. Stopyra-Poczatek, M. Sukiennik-Kujawa, J. Szafranski, P. Szalecki, A. Szczepanska, W. Szkrobka, E. Szuchnik, A. Szulowska, G. Szumczyk-Muszytowska, M. Szwoch, T. Traczyk, M. Troszczynska, G. Trzcinski, S. Tybura, P. Walasik, M. Wegrzynowska, K. Wesolowska, W. Wieczorek, A. Wierzbicka, P. Wilczewski, M. Wilgat-Szecowka, P. Wojewoda, L. Wojnowski, M. Wrobel, K. Zakutynska-Kowalczyk, M. Zyczynska-Szmon, E. Panchenko, V. Eltishcheva, R. Libis, S. Tereshchenko, S. Popov, G. Kamalov, D. Belenky, A. Zateyshchikova, E. Kropacheva, A. Kolesnikova, K. Nikolaev, L. Egorova, A. Khokhlov, E. Yakupov, M. Poltavskaya, D. Zateyshchikov, O. Drapkina, A. Vishnevsky, O. Barbarash, O. Miller, E. Aleksandrova, P. Chizhov, M. Sergeev, E. Shutemova, E. Mazur, K. Zrazhevskiy, T. Novikova, V. Kostenko, Y. Moiseeva, E. Polkanova, K. Sobolev, M. Rossovskaya, G. Zubeeva, Y. Shapovalova, O. Nagibovich, A. Edin, A. Agakhanyan, R. Batalov, Y. Belenkova, F. Bitakova, S. Chugunnaya, A. Dumikyan, S. Erofeeva, E. Gorbunova, T. Gorshkova, A. Gubanov, M. Gurmach, Y. Ivanova, T. Kolesova, D. Konyushenko, O. Korneeva, O. Kropova, P. Kuchuk, O. Kungurtseva, T. Kupriyanova, B. Kurylo, M. Kuvanova, O. Lebedeva, E. Lileeva, O. Machilskaya, T. Medvedeva, G. Monako, I. Motylev, G. Nagibovich, E. Novikova, Y. Orlov, Y. Osmolovskaya, A. Ovsannikova, D. Platonov, S. Rachkova, O. Sinitsina, S. Speshilova, O. Suslova, A. Ushakov, O. Volodicheva, O. Zemlianskaia, I. Zhirov, E. Zhuravleva, I. Zotova, X. Viñolas, P. Alvarez Garcia, M.F. López Fernández, L. Tercedor, S. Tranche Iparraguirre, P. Torán Monserrat, E. Márquez Contreras, J. Isart Rafecas, J. Motero Carrasco, P. García Pavía, C. Gómez Pajuelo, C. Moro Serrano, L.F. Iglesias Alonso, A. Grande Ruiz, J. Mercé Klein, J.R. Gonzalez Juanatey, G. Barón Esquivias, I. Monte Collado, H. Palacín Piquero, C. Brotons Cuixart, M. Rodríguez Morató, J. Bayo I Llibre, C. Corros Vicente, M. Vida Gutierrez, F. Epelde Gonzalo, C.A. Almeida Fernández, N. Del Val Plana, E. Escrivá Montserrat, J.J. Montero Alía, M. Barreda González, M.A. Moleiro Oliva, J. Iglesias Sanmartín, M. Jiménez González, M. Rodriguez Álvarez, J. Herreros Melenchon, T. Ripoll Vera, F. Ridocci Soriano, L. Garcia Riesco, M.D. Marco Macian, J. Quiles Granado, M. Jimenez Navarro, J. Cosin Sales, J.V. Vaquer Perez, M. Vazquez Caamano, M.F. Arcocha Torres, G. Marcos Gomez, A. Iñiguez Romo, M.A. Prieto Diaz, Carmela Alonso, Concepcion Alonso, D. Alvarez, M. Alvarez, M. Amaro, N. Andere, J. Aracil Villar, R. Armitano Ochoa, A. Austria, S. Barbeira, E. Barraquer Feu, A. Bartes, V. Becerra Munoz, F.J. Bermudez Jimenez, A. Branjovich Tijuan, J. Cabeza Ramirez, M. Cabrera Ramos, E. Calvo Martinez, M. Campo Moreno, G. Cancho Corchado, M. Casanova Gil, M. Castillo Orive, D. Castro Fernandez, M. Cebollada del Misterio, R. Codinachs Alsina, A. Cortada Cabrera, J. Costa Pinto Prego de Faria, S. Costas, M.I. Cotilla Marco, M. Dachs, C.M. Diaz Lopez, A. Domenech Borras, A. Elorriaga Madariaga, A. Espallargas, M. Fernandez, E. Fernandez Escobar, E. Fernandez Mas, A. Ferrer, J. Fosch, M. Garcia Bermudez, V. Garcia Millan, M. Gavira Saenz, C. Gines Garcia, C. Gomez, Y. Gomez Perez, A. Gonzales Segovia, P. Gonzalez, L. Grigorian, A. Guerrero Molina, M. del C. Gutierrez del Val, B. Herrero Maeso, E. Hevia Rodriguez, A. Iglesias Garcia, M.J. Jimenez Fernandez, B. Jimeno Besa, P. Juan Salvadores, M.B. Lage Bouzamayor, I. Lasuncion, L.E. Lezcano Gort, M. Llobet Molina, M. Lopez, A. Manzanal Rey, J. Mara Guerra, S. Marcus, A. Martin Vila, M. Martinez Mena, P. Mazon, F. Mendez Zurita, G. Millán, M. Molina, P. Montero Alia, D. Montes, M. Moure Gonzalez, R.B. Munoz Munoz, A. Negrete Palma, H.N. Orellana Figueroa, V.M. Ortega, C. Ortiz Cortes, D. Otero Tomera, N. Palomo Merchan, I. Pareja Ibar, E. Pena Garcia, M. Pereda Armayor, M. Perez Carasa, I. Prieto, V. Quintern, R. Renom, L.M. Rincon Diaz, V. Rios, L. Riquelme Sola, R. Rivera, X. Robiro Robiro, M. Roca, C. Roca Saumell, C. Rodrigo, E. Rodriguez, M. Rodriguez Garcia, S. Saez Jimenez, P. Sanchez Calderon, L. Sanchez Mendez, S. Sanchez Parra, C. Santolaya, M.R. Senan Sanz, A. Seoane Blanco, E. Serralvo, N. Sierra, C. Simon Valero, J. Sorribes Lopez, M. Teixido Fontanillas, M. Terns Riera, G. Tobajas, C. Torres, J. Torres Marques, M. Ubeda Pastor, M. Rosenqvist, A. Wirdby, J. Linden, K. Henriksson, M. Elmersson, A. Egilsson, U. Börjesson, G. Svärd, B. Liu, A. Lindh, L.-B. Olsson, M. Gustavsson, Lars Andersson, Lisbeth Andersson, L. Benson, C. Bothin, A. Hajimirsadeghi, K. Kadir, M. Ericsson, A. Ohlsson, H. Lindvall, P. Svensson, K. Thorne, H. Handel, P. Platonov, B. Eriksson, I. Timberg, K. Romberg, M. Crisby, J.-E. Karlsson, S.A. Jensen, A. Andersson, L. Malmqvist, B. Martinsson, F. Bernsten, J. Engdahl, J. Thulin, A. Hot-Bjelac, P. Stalby, H. Aaröe, E. Ahbeck, H. Ahlmark, F. Al-Khalili, G. Bonkowski, S. Dzeletovic, A.-B. Ekstrand, G.-B. Eriksson, K. Floren, C. Grässjö, S. Hahn, P. Jaensson, B. Jansson, J.-H. Jansson, R.-M. Kangert, A. Koch, D. Kusiak, A. Lettenström, A. Lindberg, C.-J. Lindholm, A. Mannermyr, K. Mansson, M. Millborg, C. Nilsson, A.-M. Ohlin, A. Olofsson, A. Osberg, A. Pedersen, K. Risbecker, K. Rosenberg, J. Samuelsson, M. Shayesteh, K. Skoglund, M. Stjernberg, C. Thorsen, J. Steffel, J.H. Beer, J. Debrunner, D. Amstutz, J. Bruegger, G. Elise, A. Grau, A. Guinand, I. Henriette, E. Saga, S. Winnik, A. Parkhomenko, I. Rudyk, V. Tseluyko, O. Karpenko, S. Zhurba, I. Kraiz, I. Kupnovytska, N. Serediuk, Y. Mostovoy, O. Ushakov, O. Koval, I. Kovalskyi, Y. Svyshchenko, O. Sychov, M. Stanislavchuk, O. Kraydashenko, A. Yagensky, S. Tykhonova, I. Fushtey, R. Belegai, G. Berko, L. Burdeuna, O. Chabanna, I. Daniuk, A. Ivanov, E. Kamenska, P. Kaplan, O. Khyzhnyak, S. Kizim, O. Matova, O. Medentseva, V. Mochonyi, M. Mospan, V. Nemtsova, T. Ovdiienko, O. Palamarchuk, M. Pavelko, R. Petrovskyy, D. Plevak, O. Proshak, S. Pyvovar, L. Rasputina, O. Romanenko, O. Romanova, A. Sapatyi, O. Shumakov, R. Stets, L. Todoriuk, V. Varenov, D. Fitzmaurice, N. Chauhan, D. Goodwin, P. Saunders, R. Evans, J. Leese, P.S. Jhittay, A. Ross, M.S. Kainth, G. Pickavance, J. McDonnell, A. Williams, T. Gooding, H. Wagner, S. Suryani, A. Singal, S. Sircar, R. Bilas, P. Hutchinson, A. Wakeman, M. Stokes, N. Paul, M. Aziz, C. Ramesh, P. Wilson, S. Franklin, S. Fairhead, J. Thompson, V. St Joseph, G. Taylor, D. Tragen, D. Seamark, C. Paul, M. Richardson, A. Jefferies, H. Sharp, H. Jones, C. Giles, M. Page, O. Oginni, J. Aldegather, S. Wetherwell, W. Lumb, P. Evans, F. Scouller, N. Macey, Y. Stipp, R. West, S. Thurston, P. Wadeson, J. Matthews, P. Pandya, A. Gallagher, T. Railton, B. Sinha, D. Russell, J.A. Davies, P. Ainsworth, C.P. Jones, P. Weeks, J. Eden, D. Kernick, W. Murdoch, L. Lumley, R.P. Patel, S.W. Wong, M. Saigol, K. Ladha, K. Douglas, D.F. Cumberlidge, C. Bradshaw, G. Van Zon, K.P. Jones, M.J. Thomas, E. Watson, B. Sarai, N. Ahmad, W. Willcock, J. Cairns, S. Sathananthan, N. de Kare-Silver, A. Gilliland, E. Strieder, A. Howitt, B. Vishwanathan, N. Bird, D. Gray, M. Clark, J. Bisatt, J. Litchfield, E. Fisher, T. Fooks, A.R. Kelsall, E. Alborough, J. Wakeling, M. Parfitt, K. Milne, S. Rogers, R. Priyadharshan, J.L. Oliver, E. Davies, S. Abushal, M. Jacobs, C. Hutton, N.I. Walls, R. Thompson, C. Chigbo, S.M.A. Zaidi, M. Howard, K.C. Butter, S. Barrow, H. Little, I.U. Haq, L. Gibbons, S. Glencross, A.J. McLeod, K. Poland, C. Mulholland, A. Warke, P. Conn, G. Burns, R.N. Smith, S. Lowe, R. Kamath, H.S. Dau, J. Webster, I. Hodgins, S. Vercoe, P.C. Roome, H. Pinnock, J.R.A. Patel, A. Ali, N. Hart, R. Davies, E. Stuart, C.A. Neden, M. Danielsen, R. Heath, P. Sharma, S. Galloway, C. Hawkins, R. Oliver, M. Aylward, S. Mannion, M. Braddick, D. Edwards, A.C. Rothwell, A. Sabir, F. Choudhary, S. Khalaque, A. Wilson, S. Peters, W. Coulson, N. Roberts, A. Heer, S. Coates, B. Ward, D. Jackson, S. Walton, D. Shepherd, M. Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 directly incorporates purine mononucleotides and utilizes them for growth

Author

Tomoko Fukuuchi, H. Kano, Kiyoko Kaneko, C Saito, Y. Asami, N Yamada, and Noriko Yamaoka

Subjects
Purine, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Lactococcus lactis, General Medicine, 010402 general chemistry, Lactobacillus gasseri, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Dephosphorylation, Nucleotidases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genetics, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

Lactococcus lactis has been reported unable to directly incorporate mononucleotides but instead requires their external dephosphorylation by nucleotidases to the corresponding nucleosides prior to ...

Published
2020

7. A Prospective Cohort Study to Define the Clinical Features and Outcome of Lung Cancers Harboring HER2 Aberration in Japan (HER2-CS STUDY)

Author

Kiichiro Ninomiya, Tae Hata, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Kadoaki Ohashi, Akihiro Bessho, Shinobu Hosokawa, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Masahiro Yamasaki, Takuo Shibayama, Keisuke Aoe, Toshiyuki Kozuki, Shingo Harita, Yutaka Ueda, Toshi Murakami, Nobukazu Fujimoto, Hiroyuki Yanai, Shinichi Toyooka, Minoru Takata, Katsuyuki Hotta, Katsuyuki Kiura, K. Gemba, G. Ikeda, M. Yasugi, E. Kurimoto, K. Nakano, T. Moritaka, K. Inoue, S. Miyoshi, N. Hamaguchi, R. Ito, Y. Sano, I. Takata, A. Mitani, T. Nishisaka, H. Shoda, A. Nishida, S. Tamamoto, K. Fujitaka, T. Masuda, S. Miyamoto, N. Hattori, K. Sugimoto, S. Fujii, Y. Ueda, M. Sakugawa, N. Fukamatsu, Y. Ogata, S. Bandoh, N. Kanaji, N. Takigawa, H. Yamane, N. Ochi, Y. Honda, M. Oka, M. Kittaka, T. Kubota, A. Yokoyama, T. Yokoyama, E. Sato, Y. Shiota, N. Horita, T. Kanematsu, Y. Awaya, A. Nakamasu, I. Murakami, S. Kuyama, K. Kudo, T. Tamura, T. Umeno, D. Morichika, K. Fujiwara, K. Sato, D. Harada, N. Nogami, K. Nishii, Y. Fuchimoto, T. Kishimoto, H. Kawai, K. Watanabe, K. Tokumo, T. Isobe, Y. Tsubata, M. Inoue, H. Ichikawa, Y. Nishioka, M. Hanibuchi, H. Goto, T. Sumikawa, M. Kodani, H. Suyama, H. Makino, N. Kinosita, E. Shimizu, H. Obata, H. Ikegami, K. Chikamori, T. Maeda, T. Kishino, H. Kamei, H. Ueoka, Y. Kunihiro, T. Kobayashi, K. Ueda, M. Hayashi, M. Kamiya, J. Murakami, A. Sato, E. Ichihara, T. Kubo, T. Ninomiya, T. Hirata, D. Minami, Y. Kato, H. Higo, G. Makimoto, Y. Toyota, N. Oda, M. Nakanishi, H. Kayatani, S. Senoo, H. Kano, H. Watanabe, T. Ando, T. Nakasuka, N. Hara, J. Itano, H. Nakashima, and M. Tabata

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Anaplastic Lymphoma, Receptor, ErbB-2, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Asian People, Japan, Epidermal growth factor, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Epidermal growth factor receptor, skin and connective tissue diseases, Prospective cohort study, neoplasms, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Aged, 80 and over, Lung, Oncogene, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Mutation, biology.protein, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is a potential driver oncogene. Although HER2-targeted precision therapy has been tested in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the demographic characteristics of HER2-positive NSCLC have not been systematically defined. Methods Patients with pathologically confirmed stage IIIB/IV or recurrent NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, were prospectively registered. HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were performed to screen patients. HER2 mutations were identified by using direct gene sequencing. The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency, characteristics, and outcome of HER2-positive NSCLC. HER2 was defined as positive if the tumor harbored IHC3+, IHC2+/FISH+, or exon 20 insertion mutations. Results Of the 1,126 tumors screened, 34 (3.0%) were IHC3+, and 34 (3.0%) were IHC2+/FISH+. Among the 724 epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type tumors, 21 (2.9%) were HER2-mutant tumors, including A775-G776insYVMA (n = 15). Interestingly, the IHC3+ tumors and mutant tumors were entirely exclusive. Female patients had HER2-mutant tumors more frequently, whereas both IHC3+ and IHC2+/FISH+ tumors were detected more often in male subjects and smokers. Patients with an HER2-aberrant tumor had a significantly worse prognosis than those with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive tumors, possibly due to the low proportion that received HER2-targeted therapies (n = 15 [26%]) and low response rates of 0% and 14% in patients with HER2-overexpressing and HER2-mutant tumors, respectively. Conclusions This prospective large-scale cohort study is the first to show comprehensively the frequency and clinical demographic characteristics of those with HER2-positive advanced lung tumors in detail, providing critical historical data for future drug development against HER2-positive NSCLC. Future treatment strategies would be developed stratified according to the types of HER2 aberrations. Trial Registry UMIN Registration No. 000017003; URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000019691

Published
2019

8. Species-dependent patterns of incorporation of purine mononucleotides and nucleosides by lactic acid bacteria

Author

Y. Asami, C Saito, Kiyoko Kaneko, N Yamada, Tomoko Fukuuchi, H. Kano, and Noriko Yamaoka

Subjects
Purine, Streptococcus thermophilus, Adenosine, 010402 general chemistry, Lactobacillus gasseri, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Species Specificity, Genetics, Nucleotide, Lactic Acid, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Strain (chemistry), Bacteria, 010405 organic chemistry, food and beverages, Biological Transport, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Adenosine Monophosphate, 0104 chemical sciences, Lactic acid, chemistry, Molecular Medicine, Pediococcus
Abstract

Although most lactic acid bacteria do not directly incorporate purine nucleotides, the strain Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 was found to incorporate purine mononucleotides. To determine whether the direct uptake of purine mononucleotides is dependent on the species or strain of lactic acid bacteria, incorporation of purine mononucleotides was assessed in L. gasseri, Lactcoccus lactis sbsp. lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and other species of lactic acid bacteria. Each bacterial strain was incubated with 32P-AMP or 14C-adenosine and the incorporation of each purine was evaluated by measuring their radioactivity. All investigated strains of L. gasseri incorporated 32P-AMP, whereas strains of S. thermophilus and most strains of L. lactis did not. Incorporation of 32P-AMP into strains of Pediococcus was dependent on the strain or species of that genus of bacteria. All investigated strains, except for one strain of L. gasseri, incorporated 14C-adenosine, with S. thermophilus, L. lactis and Pediococcus generally displaying greater incorporation of 14C-adenosine than L. gasseri. Although most lactic acid bacteria such as S. thermophiles and L. lactis do not incorporate purine mononucleotides, some species such as L. gasseri directly incorporate purine mononucleotides. These findings indicate that the preferential incorporation of purine mononucleotides or nucleosides by lactic acid bacteria is dependent on the species or strain.

Published
2020

9. Development of three-dimensional shape measurement technology for strawberries

Author

N. Goto, M. Yusa, M. Takahashi, Osamu Koike, Hiroki Umeda, Wataru Sugeno, Y. Honma, Shiori Takayama, H. Kano, and Y. Iwasaki

Subjects
Temperature control, Growth data, fungi, 010401 analytical chemistry, food and beverages, Greenhouse, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Growth control, 02 engineering and technology, Agricultural engineering, Horticulture, Fragaria, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Layered structure, Three dimensional shape, Environmental measurement, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science
Abstract

Temperature control, fertilization management, and long-day treatments are performed to achieve optimal strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) growth control. To date, the efficiency of the control of these parameters relies on visual assessment by the producers who evaluate the plants' status, or on growth surveys performed weekly. Therefore, to perform stable advanced production control, even for less-experienced producers, it is necessary to monitor the growth data of the plant continuously. In this study, we acquired strawberry growth data such as plant height and leaf area using Kinect for Windows v1, a three-dimensional shape measurement instrument, and examined whether it could be used for cultivation management. Kinect accurately measured the height of the strawberry plant. The leaf area measured using Kinect was smaller than the actual measured value. Kinect and environmental measurement equipment that were set up in a large-scale horticultural facility detected variations in growth of strawberry plants and environment data. At each measured location, there was a difference in the amount of solar radiation, and differences in plant height and the layered structure of the leaf area were detected. The results indicate that Kinect can acquire information regarding strawberry growth that are necessary for environmental control over time and may detect variation in strawberry growth due to environmental differences in the greenhouse.

Published
2018

10. Molecular Phylogenetics and Character Evolution of Gaya and Related Genera (Malvoideae, Malvaceae)

Author

Cátia Takeuchi, Cecília H. Kano, Jennifer A. Tate, and Gerleni Lopes Esteves

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Malveae, Character evolution, biology, Malvoideae, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Herissantia, Tribe (biology), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Hibisceae, Molecular phylogenetics, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Gaya comprises ca. 39 species distributed in the Neotropics, mainly in South America and with its greatest diversity in Brazil (14 species). Within tribe Malveae, Gaya has been always treated as homogeneous, yet isolated, due to a suite of unique morphological characters. The present study aimed to determine its phylogenetic affinities based on amolecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (petL-psbE spacer, rpl16 intron) sequence data and considering morphological, palynological, and cytogenetic data within that phylogenetic context. Forty-four species from tribe Malveae, 19 Gaya species and 24 from related genera, and one species of tribe Hibisceae as an outgroup, were sampled for molecular and morphological analyses. In all analyses, Gaya emerged as monophyletic with Herissantia as its sister. This study is the first to confirm the sister relationship between these two genera. The monophyly of Gaya was supported further by morphological synapomorphies related to the dispersal of its mericarps and seeds, specifically the constriction site of themericarp and dehiscence type. A nectary rim at the internal base of the calyx is shared by Gaya and Herissantia and is a character not previously used in phylogenetic studies of Malveae. The evolutionary interpretation of other characters revealed homogeneity at the generic level and, therefore, these other characters might be useful for future higher-level phylogenetic studies in the tribe Malveae.

Published
2018

11. Lactobacillus gasseriPA-3 utilizes the purines GMP and guanosine and decreases their absorption in rats

Author

Y Murayama-Chiba, N Yamada, Y Asami, H Itoh, H Kano, and C Saito

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, Guanosine Monophosphate, Guanosine, Absorption (skin), urologic and male genital diseases, Lactobacillus gasseri, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genetics, Animals, Food science, Rats, Wistar, Purine metabolism, biology, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Serum uric acid, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Rats, Uric Acid, Lactic acid, 030104 developmental biology, Intestinal Absorption, chemistry, Food, Purines, Molecular Medicine, Bacteria
Abstract

Excessive intake of purine-rich foods elevates serum uric acid levels, making it a risk factor for hyperuricemia. We hypothesized that lactic acid bacteria ingested with food might utilize purines and contribute to their decreased absorption in the intestines, thereby preventing hyperuricemia. We previously reported that Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 (PA-3) incorporates adenosine/inosine and related purines and that oral ingestion of PA-3 reduced the absorption of these purines in rats. However, it is unclear whether PA-3 also decreases the absorption of other purines, such as guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) and guanosine. This study investigated whether PA-3 incorporates GMP and guanosine and reduces their absorption in rats. PA-3 incorporated both purines, with

Published
2018

12. Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3, but not L. gasseri OLL2996, reduces the absorption of purine nucleosides in rats

Author

H Kano, Y Murayama-Chiba, N Yamada, H Ito, Y Asami, and C Saito

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Purine, Male, Adenosine, Lactobacillus gasseri, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Species Specificity, Oral administration, In vivo, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Carbon Radioisotopes, Rats, Wistar, Purine metabolism, Inosine, Gastric Absorption, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, biology, Chemistry, Adenine, General Medicine, Purine Nucleosides, biology.organism_classification, In vitro, 030104 developmental biology, Purines, Molecular Medicine, medicine.drug
Abstract

Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 (PA-3) is a bacterial strain with a strong ability to degrade purine nucleosides. We previously showed that PA-3 incorporates purines in vitro and that oral administration of PA-3 and purines to rats attenuated their absorption of purines. It remains unclear whether these effects of PA-3 depend on bacterial strains. This study therefore compared the abilities of PA-3 and another bacterial strain of L. gasseri, OLL2996, which has shown decreased ability to degrade purine nucleosides in vitro, to incorporate purine nucleosides and to inhibit the absorption of purines fed to rats. Each bacterial strain was incubated in the presence of 14C-adenosine or 14C-inosine and the incorporation of each purine was evaluated by measuring their radioactivity. In vivo, rats were fed 14C-labeled purines along with PA-3 or OLL2996 and the absorption of these 14C-labeled purines was evaluated by analyzing radioactivity of blood samples. PA-3 incorporated about twice as much 14C-adenosine and 14C-inosine as OLL2996. The elevation of radioactivity levels in blood was 10-20% lower in rats treated with PA-3 than in control rats, after feeding with both 14C-adenosine and 14C-inosine as purines. In contrast, treatment with OLL2996 did not have statistically significant effects on radioactivity compared with the control group. These results indicate that the magnitude of bacterial inhibition of purine absorption is dependent on bacterial strain, correlating at least partly with the ability to incorporate and degrade purines.

Published
2018

13. Update of the Brazilian floristic list of Algae and Cyanobacteria

Author

Norma Catarina Bueno, Sonia Maria Barreto Pereira, Gabriel do Nascimento Santos, Camila Malone, Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo, Alana Araújo dos Santos, Enide Eskinazi-Leça, Goia de Mattos Lyra, Emanuel B. Neuhaus, Mariê M. Cabezudo, Joel Campos De Paula, Maria C.O. Henriques, Valéria Cassano, Maria da G.G.S. Cunha, Clarisse Odebrecht, Iara Oliveira Costa, Marcia Abreu de Oliveira Figueiredo, Gyslaine C.P. Borges, Maria Beatriz Barbosa de Barros Barreto, Taiara Aguiar Caires, Orlando Necchi, Ina de Souza Nogueira, Marli Bergesh, Alexandre de Gusmão Pedrini, Lísia Mônica de Souza Gestinari, Mariângela Menezes, Cleto Kaveski Peres, Silvia M. P. B. Guimarães, Maria Teresa Menezes de Széchy, Watson Arantes Gama, Gilberto M. Amado Filho, Célia Leite Sant'Anna, Maria Teresa de P. Azevedo, Ivania Batista de Oliveira, Marilene F. Santiago, Samir Khader, Maria F. Oliveira-Carvalho, Leandro Cabanez Ferreira, Andréa Araújo, Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco, Luciana S. Cardoso, Priscila Barreto de Jesus, Sandra Maria Alves-da-Silva, Aigara Miranda Alves, José Marcos de Castro Nunes, Maria E. Bandeira-Pedrosa, Andréa Tucci, Vera Regina Werner, Aurelio Fajar, Carlos Wallace do Nascimento Moura, Jucicleide Cabral de Lima, Mutue T. Fujii, Thamis Meurer, Fabio Nauer, Mariana Cabral de Oliveira, Marcos H. Silva, Kleber R.S. Santos, Cecília H. Kano, Ricardo G. Bahia, Weliton José da Silva, and Eveline Pinheiro de Aquino

Subjects
Cyanobacteria, biology, Phycology, Ecology, Biodiversidade, Biodiversity, Economic shortage, Plant Science, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Floristics, ficologia, lcsh:QK1-989, lcsh:Biology (General), Algae, lcsh:Botany, phycology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Dinophyceae
Abstract

An updated synthesis of cyanobacteria and algae information is presented for Brazil aiming to refine the data gathered to date and evaluate the progress of the biodiversity knowledge about these organisms in the country since the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. The results of 2015 showed an increase of 1,250 species (35.7%) when compared to 2010, reaching a total of 4,747 species. The most diverse classes in species number were the Bacillariophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Florideophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae had the highest increase in species number in the five-year interval. The Southeast and South regions were the most diverse, however, the Northeast, with the states of Piauí and Sergipe, and the Central-west region, with Mato Grosso, Goiás and Distrito Federal, also stood out in the national algal biodiversity scenario. Despite the shortage of taxonomists and limited infrastructure, the results showed a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding the diversity of cyanobacteria and algae in the country during the study period, starting to even out regional geographical differences caused by subsampling. Resumo Apresenta-se uma síntese atualizada de informações sobre algas no Brasil objetivando refinar os dados reunidos até o presente, bem como avaliar os avanços sobre o conhecimento da diversidade de algas no país desde a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Os resultados de 2015 mostraram um acréscimo de 1.250 espécies (35.7%) a um total de 4.747 em relação a 2010. As classes mais diversas em número de espécies foram Bacillariophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Florideophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae e Euglenophyceae. Bacillariophyceae e Cyanophyceae tiveram o maior acréscimo de espécies no intervalo de cinco anos. A região Sudeste e Sul foram as mais diversas, porém, as regiões Nordeste com os estados do Piauí e Sergipe e Centro-Oeste com os estados de Mato Grosso, Goiás e Distrito Federal destacaram-se no cenário da biodiversidade nacional. Apesar da escassez de taxonomistas e da infraestrutura limitada, os resultados obtidos evidenciaram um avanço significativo no conhecimento da diversidade de algas no país nesse período de cinco anos, iniciando uma mudança quanto as diferenças geográficas regionais.

Published
2015

14. Evaluation of purine utilization by Lactobacillus gasseri strains with potential to decrease the absorption of food-derived purines in the human intestine

Author

Tomoko Fukuuchi, H. Kano, Iwamoto C, Y. Asami, Noriko Yamaoka, Kiyoko Kaneko, and N Yamada

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Purine, Adenosine, Lactobacillus gasseri, Biochemistry, Intestinal absorption, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genetics, medicine, Ingestion, Humans, Food science, Hyperuricemia, Purine metabolism, Growth medium, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, biology, Adenine, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Adenosine Monophosphate, Lactic acid, Diet, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Intestinal Absorption, Food, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

It is well accepted that frequent and heavy intake of purine-rich foods causes elevation of serum uric acid levels, which is a risk factor of hyperuricemia. Reducing intestinal absorption of dietary purines may attenuate the elevation of serum uric acid levels and exacerbation of hyperuricemia. This reduction may be achieved by the ingestion of lactic acid bacteria that take up purines in the intestine. In this study, we investigated the degree of uptake and utilization of purines of three lactobacilli strains. Among them, Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 (PA-3) showed the greatest incorporation of 14C-adenine. PA-3 also incorporated 14C-adenosine and 14C-AMP. Additionally, using defined growth medium, PA-3 demonstrated greater proliferation in the presence of these purines than in their absence. Although further investigation is required, ingestion of PA-3 may lower serum uric acid levels by reducing intestinal absorption of purines in humans.

Published
2016

15. Selection for resistance to swine mycoplasmal pneumonia over 5 generations in Landrace pigs

Author

W. Onodera, Toshihiro Okamura, Chihiro Kojima-Shibata, E. Suzuki, H. Kadowaki, H. Kano, T. Shibata, and Keiichi Suzuki

Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Veterinary medicine, General Veterinary, Mycoplasmal pneumonia, Animal Science and Zoology, Plasma levels, Biology, Heritability, Plant disease resistance, Fifth generation, Genetic correlation, Swine Mycoplasmal Pneumonia, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the selection of a pig line with improved resistance to swine mycoplasmal pneumonia and meat production in Landrace pigs. The selection was conducted over 5 generations using estimated breeding values of daily gain (DG), backfat thickness (BF), and mycoplasmal pneumonia scores (MPS). In order to evaluate various lung lesions, we established two different rearing environments (regularly cleaned vs. not cleaned) for the pigs. The heritability estimates for DG, BF, and MPS were found to be 0.65, 0.60, and 0.07, respectively. To compensate for the low heritability of MPS we examined the genetic correlation of immunity traits with MPS to determine their usefulness in a selection index. Cortisol (COR) plasma levels at 105 kg body weight had a high positive genetic correlation (0.65) with MPS, and therefore used as an immunity trait. The average breeding values in the fifth generation, as expressed in standard deviation units, were 1.32 for DG, −0.70 for MPS, and −0.04 for BF and COR. The selection traits showed good genetic progress in 5 generations demonstrating the possibility of selecting for both disease resistance and high meat production in animals.

Published
2012

16. TSH receptor-adenovirus-induced Graves’ hyperthyroidism is attenuated in both interferon-γand interleukin-4 knockout mice; implications for the Th1/Th2 paradigm

Author

H. Kano, Y. Kumazawa, O. Saitoh, Sandra M. McLachlan, Basil Rapoport, and Yuji Nagayama

Subjects
endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Antineoplastic Agents, Antiviral Agents, Adenoviridae, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Viral Proteins, Th2 Cells, Internal medicine, Splenocyte, medicine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Interferon gamma, Receptor, Interleukin 4, Autoantibodies, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, business.industry, Thyroid, Receptors, Thyrotropin, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Th1 Cells, Graves Disease, eye diseases, Thyroxine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Cytokine, Immunoglobulin G, Knockout mouse, Animal Studies, biology.protein, Female, Interleukin-4, Antibody, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating, medicine.drug
Abstract

SUMMARYThe role of the Th1/Th2 balance in the pathogenesis of murine Graves’ hyperthyroidism is controversial. In BALB/c mice injected with adenovirus expressing TSH receptor (TSHR-adeno model), we found that suppression of TSHR-specific Th1 immune responses by exogenous interleukin-4 (IL-4), α-galactosylceramide or helminth (Schistosoma mansoni) infection was associated with inhibition of hyperthyroidism, indicating the critical role for Th1 cytokines. In contrast, BALB/c IL-4 knockout (KO), but not interferon-γ (IFN-γ) KO mice failed to develop Graves’ hyperthyroidism when injected with TSHR-expressing M12 B lymphoma cells (TSHR-M12 model), suggesting the importance of Th2 cytokine IL-4. To reconcile differences in these two models, we used IL-4 KO and IFN-γ KO BALB/c mice in the TSHR-adeno model. Unlike wild-type (wt) BALB/c mice in which 60% developed hyperthyroidism, only 13 and 7% of IL-4 KO and IFN-γ KO mice, respectively, became hyperthyroid. Thyroid stimulating antibodies were positive in most hyperthyroid mice. TSHR antibody titres determined by TSH binding inhibition and ELISA were comparable in all three groups. IgG1 and IgG2a TSHR antibody titres were similar in IFN-γ KO and wt mice, whereas IgG1 TSHR antibody titres and TSHR-specific splenocyte IFN-γ secretion were lower in IL-4 KO than in IFN-γ KO and wt mice, respectively. Our results clearly implicate both IFN-γ and IL-4 in development of hyperthyroidism in the TSHR-adeno model. These data, together with the previous report, also indicate different cytokine requirements in these two Graves’ models, with IFN-γ being more important in the TSHR-adeno than the TSHR-M12 model. Moreover, our previous and present observations indicate a difference in the role of exogenous versus endogenous IL-4 in TSHR-adenovirus induced Graves’ hyperthyroidism.

Published
2004

17. Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Gluten Fibrils and Crumb Grain Structures of Breads Made from Frozen Doughs

Author

N. Ishida, S. Naito, Y. Mizokami, H. Kano, S. Fukami, M. Koizumi, and H. Takano

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry, Distilled water, Plant protein, Scanning electron microscope, Organic Chemistry, Cereal product, food and beverages, Food science, Composite material, Fibril, Gluten, Food Science
Abstract

The effects of freeze damage on the crumb grain and on the underlying gluten fibrils of baked breads were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sweet and white bread doughs were stored at -20°C and subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. SEM images of grain pore walls that were washed with distilled water (20°C) clearly showed that gluten fibrils forming the skeletal framework of pore walls were cut and became coarse and nonuniform strings and that many knots were generated on gluten fibrils from freeze damage. An increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased both the coarseness of the gluten fibrils and the size of the knots, although the apparent damage was not clearly detected on the crumb grain with MRI.

Published
2004

18. Sigmoid-vaginal fistula during bevacizumab treatment diagnosed by fistulography

Author

Kaori Shinya, H. Kano, T. Takayama, Shin-ichi Takada, Akiko Kasuga, Chuyu Hayashi, and M. Watanabe

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, Bevacizumab, medicine.diagnostic_test, Vaginal fistula, Colorectal cancer, business.industry, Fistula, General surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, Colonoscopy, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Rectovaginal fistula, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Vagina, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Pharmacology (medical), Radiology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

SummaryWhat is known and objective There have been several reports describing rectovaginal fistula development after bevacizumab treatment, and these fistulas were diagnosed by CT scan or colonoscopy. We report a case of sigmoid-vaginal fistula diagnosed by fistulography. Case description The case is a 53-year-old woman who was treated for chronic myelogenous leukaemia and gynaecological cancers 8 years previously. At 52 years of age, she was diagnosed with colon cancer and had a partial colectomy performed. One year after surgery, colon cancer recurred, and she was treated with anticancer agents, including bevacizumab. During chemotherapy, she complained of a foul smelling discharge from the vagina. Fistulography revealed a sigmoid-vaginal fistula. What is new and conclusion This is the first report of vaginal fistulography performed on a patient who was treated with bevacizumab. Fistulography may be useful for detecting sigmoid-vaginal fistula.

Published
2016

19. A 43-Gb/s full-rate-clock 4:1 multiplexer in InP-based HEMT technology

Author

Y. Nakasha, T. Suzuki, H. Kano, K. Tsukashima, A. Ohya, K. Sawada, K. Makiyama, T. Takahashi, M. Nishi, T. Hirose, M. Takikawa, and Y. Watanabe

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Electrical engineering, High-electron-mobility transistor, Inductor, Chip, Integrated circuit layout, Multiplexer, Multiplexing, Splitter, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Jitter
Abstract

This paper describes a full-rate-clock 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) in a 0.13-/spl mu/m InP-based HEMT technology for 40-Gb/s and above optical fiber link systems. To reduce output jitter, the serialized data are retimed at the final stage by a retimer, a D-type flip-flop, which has a symmetric layout with an optimized spacing to the ground that minimizes coupling capacitances. A phase adjuster, composed of an exclusive OR and a delay switch, uses external control signals to change each phase of the serialized data and clock entering the retimer and gives a correct timing for the clock to drive the retimer. A clock distributor with a simple wired splitter divides the clock into two clocks with high gain and low current. The MUX integrates 1355 HEMTs formed using electron beam lithography. A chip mounted in a test module operated at up to 47 Gb/s with a power consumption of 7.9 W for a single supply voltage of -5.2 V.

Published
2002

20. Fermentation Process and Grain Structure of Baked Breads from Frozen Dough Using Freeze-Tolerant Yeasts

Author

H. Kano, M. Koizumi, H. Takano, N. Ishida, and S. Naito

Subjects
biology, Chemistry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, food and beverages, Network structure, Molding (process), biology.organism_classification, Yeast, Congelation, Cereal product, Fermentation, Food science, Grain structure, Food Science
Abstract

The fermentation process for frozen doughs using freeze-sensitive (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kyowa for sweet bread; S. cerevisiae, FC for white bread) and freeze-tolerant (S. cerevisiae, YF for sweet bread) yeasts was traced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Grain network structures of baked breads were also visualized by MRI. Prefermentation before freezing, punching and remolding, or resheeting and molding treatments increased loaf volume by 10 to 110% for the baked breads using freeze-tolerant yeast, while these treatments decreased loaf volume by 70% using freeze-sensitive yeast. The first fermentation before freezing and the second fermentation with punching or resheeting after thawing are useful for obtaining good quality breads from frozen dough using freeze-tolerant yeast.

Published
2002

21. ICRF heating in magnetic mirror plasmas

Author

Masaaki Inutake, S. Saosaki, H. Kano, K. Tokumoto, Yuusuke Yamaguchi, Hitoshi Hojo, S. Kakimoto, Hiroyuki Higaki, Makoto Ichimura, and K. Yatsu

Subjects
Physics, Fusion, Range (particle radiation), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Cyclotron, Plasma, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter Physics, Ion, law.invention, Magnetic mirror, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, Neutron, Atomic physics, Excitation
Abstract

Waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequency are efficiently used to produce and heat magnetic mirror plasmas. In relatively low-density (lower than 1018 m−3) plasmas, the fast Alfven eigenmodes are formed in radial and axial directions and the excitation of these modes is strongly affected by the density. The slow Alfven waves are also effectively used for plasma heating. The ion temperature above 10 keV is achieved, which is confirmed by the detection of fusion neutrons. The excitation of Alfven eigenmodes is studied in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror.

Published
2002

22. A remote control system for FPGA-embedded modules in radiation environments

Author

Chikara Fukunaga, Masahiro Ikeno, Hiroshi Sakamoto, H. Kano, Yusuke Nakamura, Y Ishida, Osamu Sasaki, R. Ichimiya, Hisaya Kurashige, K Mizouchi, K Tanaka, and K Hasuko

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, Interface (computing), law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Control theory, Control system, Eurocard, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Field-programmable gate array, business, Host (network), Remote control, Computer hardware, VMEbus
Abstract

A remote control system has been developed for versa module Eurocard (VME) modules located in a radiation environment. Two new VME modules-the remote controller (RC) and local interface modules-are introduced to mediate between the local host and remote slave modules. These two modules are connected with optical links and the local host can master the remote VME bus to access the slave modules through these intermediate modules. This control system can perform watchdog for field programmable gate array (FPGA)-embedded modules whose configuration data are susceptible to single event upsets (SEUs). The architectural study and first prototyping of this system are discussed.

Published
2002

23. Imaging of the Fermentation Process of Bread Dough and the Grain Structure of Baked Breads by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author

M. Koizumi, H. Takano, H. Kano, and N. Ishida

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry, Plant protein, Rough surface, Petrissage, Cereal product, Fermentation, Food science, Composite material, Grain structure, Gluten, Food Science
Abstract

Fermentation processes of bread doughs were traced by MRI (magnetic resonance Imaging), which suggests that punching and rounding treatment after the first fermentation promotes the development of elasticity and extensibility of gluten fibrils that makes thin grain walls of the pores connecting between adjacent pores with small holes, and a thin smooth crust after baking. While pore generation was small, expansion of the dough was low gluten networks formed were large and coarse, and gluten fibrils were undeveloped in the frozen dough, Prefermentation could not essentially alleviate the inferior properties of the frozen dough. The grain structures of the bread using frozen dough were characterized by thick network walls without the connection between pores and a thick crust with rough surface. La fermentation de la pâte a pain est suivie par imagerie RMN. Le petrissage et le faconnage apres la premiere fermentation influence le developpement de l'elasticite et de l'extensibilite des fibrilles de gluten, permettant de faire communiquer les pores et d'obtenir une croute fine et moelleuse apres cuisson. Le phenomene est moins marque dans la pâte congelee pour une qualite de pain inferieure.

Published
2002

24. Single camera based motion and shape estimation using extended Kalman filtering

Author

Bijoy K. Ghosh, H. Kano, and H. Kanai

Subjects
Optical flow, Motion (geometry), Kalman filter, Shape dynamics, Computer Science Applications, Extended Kalman filter, Motion field, Control theory, Modelling and Simulation, Modeling and Simulation, Motion estimation, Linear motion, Algorithm, Mathematics
Abstract

The problem of estimating motion and shape of a moving object has been considered from a time series of image data obtained via perspective projection. First of all, we analyze motion and shape dynamics of a planar surface undergoing rigid motion. It is shown that, for a class of motion parameters, the shape parameters are asymptotically decoupled from the optical flow dynamics, hence, become unobservable, asymptotically. For other choices of motion parameters, shape parameters remain asymptotically observable. We present a numerical study and compare a recursive algorithm using an extended Kalman filter with a nonrecursive algebraic method, for estimating motion and planar surface parameters. The conclusion of the paper is that recursive methods yield robust estimates whenever they are applicable. Algebraic estimation schemes, on the other hand, are always susceptible to noise.

Published
2001

25. An MWPC readout chip for high rate environment

Author

H Kano, Chikara Fukunaga, Katsufumi Sato, S. Matsuura, Osamu Sasaki, and Masahiro Ikeno

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Signal processing, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Chip, Signal, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Application-specific integrated circuit, Nuclear electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Shift register
Abstract

An application-specified integration circuit (ASIC) has been fabricated in order to readout data from a multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) that is installed in a high-rate environment, 16 channels and an ancillary control circuit are packed in a chip, and a channel consists of an LVDS receiver and 100-stage shift register array for delay. Hit data from the chamber is once inputted in the shift register array, and is outputted when the trigger signal is set. If a channel contains a signal during a gate followed by the trigger, the channel is regarded as containing a hit. The primary purpose for constructing the chip is for test beam and cosmic ray test of ATLAS thin gap chambers (TGC), which are used for the muon-trigger signal generation. The architecture of the ASIC is simple and independent from the specific readout scheme of ATLAS TGC. It will be found that the ASTC is adopted easily for any readout scheme of an MWPC like detector.

Published
2001

26. High-Density Plasma Production with Fast Alfvén Waves in the GAMMA 10 Tandem Mirror

Author

Y. Ohta, M. Oikawa, Masakazu Nakamura, Hitoshi Hojo, Kiyoshi Yatsu, C. Nakagawa, T. Kawabata, H. Kano, Makoto Ichimura, K. Kadoya, S. Saosaki, and Shinya Tanaka

Subjects
Physics, Tandem, 0103 physical sciences, General Engineering, High density, Plasma, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Published
2001

27. Probe wave system for studying excitation of Alfvén eigenmodes in the ion cyclotron range of frequency

Author

Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Satoshi Tanaka, K. Kadoya, Y. Ohta, S. Saosaki, Makoto Ichimura, T. Kawabata, K. Sakata, Kiyoshi Yatsu, C. Nakagawa, S. Motegi, H. Kano, Seikou Kanazawa, M. Oikawa, Hitoshi Hojo, and M. Sasaki

Subjects
Physics, Statistics::Applications, Plasma parameters, Cyclotron, Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior, Magnetic field, Ion, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Excited state, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Statistics::Methodology, Boundary value problem, Atomic physics, Anisotropy, Instrumentation, Excitation
Abstract

application/pdf, A probe wave system was constructed for studying the excitation of the Alfvén ion cyclotron (AIC) modes in the anchor cell of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. In the central cell, the AIC modes are spontaneously excited as axial eigenmodes due to the strong temperature anisotropy. In the anchor cell, the AIC modes were not observed though the anisotropy is the same as in the central cell. The axial profiles of the magnetic field strength and plasma parameters in the anchor cell are different from those in the central cell. Eigenmodes are excited externally in the AIC frequency range by injecting probe waves. This suggests the AIC modes are unstable in the anchor cell and grow to the detectable level when boundary conditions are realized.

Published
2001

28. Analysis of MHD Behaviour by Using Optical Detectors in the GAMMA 10 Tandem Mirror

Author

Kiyoshi Yatsu, Hitoshi Hojo, S. Saosaki, Masakazu Nakamura, T. Kawabata, H. Kano, Satoru Kobayashi, M. Yoshikawa, Yousuke Nakashima, Masaaki Inutake, Y. Ohta, K. Kadoya, M. Oikavva, S. Tanaka, and Makoto Ichimura

Subjects
Physics, Optical detectors, Tandem, business.industry, 020209 energy, General Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Magnetohydrodynamics, business
Published
2001

29. Axial profile measurement of Alfvén ion cyclotron eigenmodes

Author

M. Oikawa, Y. Ohta, T. Kawabata, Y. Kogi, A. Mase, H. Kano, S. Saosaki, Akiyosi Itakura, K. Yatsu, Yoriko Shima, K. Kadoya, Hitoshi Hojo, Satoshi Tanaka, Mitsuhiro Nakamura, and Makoto Ichimura

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Cyclotron, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, Ion, law.invention, Standing wave, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Excited state, Atomic physics, Anisotropy, Instrumentation, Ion cyclotron resonance
Abstract

In the GAMMA10 tandem mirror, a strong ion cyclotron range of frequency heating is performed. As a result of the heating, the Alfven ion cyclotron (AIC) modes are spontaneously excited due to the strong temperature anisotropy. The AIC modes in the GAMMA10 are excited as the axial eigenmodes and detected at the whole of the device. In the recent experiments, the clear standing wave structure is observed with the magnetic probe measurements. Characteristics of the AIC modes and the measurement of the axial profile are presented.

Published
2001

30. Polarization spectroscopy of O5+(1s23p) states produced in the collisions of O6+with He and H2

Author

Hirofumi Watanabe, H Kano, Hajime Tanuma, C Verzani, Nobuo Kobayashi, Brett DePaola, and T Hayakawa

Subjects
Physics, Electron capture, Projectile, chemistry.chemical_element, Electronic structure, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Charged particle, chemistry, Cascade, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Helium
Abstract

In this paper we describe polarization spectroscopy measurements of O5+(1s23p 2P3/2), following single-electron capture from He and H2. A novel arrangement for measurements of the polarization degree has been developed to reduce the systematic error. These measurements are shown as a function of projectile velocity, which was varied from 0.34 to 0.55 au. A simple model for the results with H2 is presented by considering the velocity dependence of capture cross sections for each 4l state and the cascade from 4l to 3p. However, for the case of the He target, no such simple model is found to be consistent with the experimental results.

Published
2000

31. Which is a more serious factor to the bandwidth of GI POF: differential mode attenuation or mode coupling?

Author

Yasuhiro Koike, H. Kano, and Takaaki Ishigure

Subjects
Physics, Optical fiber, business.industry, Attenuation, Bandwidth (signal processing), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Numerical aperture, Optics, law, Mode coupling, Modal dispersion, business, Refractive index, Group delay and phase delay
Abstract

It is clarified for the first time that the effect of the mode coupling on the bandwidth characteristic is very small in the graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) compared with in the step-index (SI) POF. Although there have been several trials regarding the theoretical prediction of bandwidth characteristics of the GI POF, a disagreement between measured and estimated properties was observed. The origin of disagreement has been generally explained as the mode coupling effect. However, it is clarified in this paper that the effect of the differential mode attenuation is the dominant factor of disagreement between measured and predicted bandwidth characteristics, while the effect of the mode coupling is small. In order to clarify the reason why the calculated bandwidth characteristics of the GI POF show a disagreement with that measured, differential mode delay and differential mode attenuation were investigated. It was found that the highest order mode in the poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) base GI POF attenuated 17 dB compared with the lowest order mode through 100-m transmission. By taking into account this differential mode attenuation, an excellent agreement is observed between calculated and measured results of both the bandwidth characteristics and group delay, in which no mode coupling was considered.

Published
2000

32. The usefulness of 3D-CT angiography for the diagnosis of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection—report of two cases

Author

K. Inaba, Y. Yonemasu, H. Kano, Yasutaka Kurokawa, and T. Sasaki

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed, Vertebral artery, Health Informatics, Magnetic resonance angiography, Diagnosis, Differential, Aneurysm, medicine.artery, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Thrombus, Vertebral Artery Dissection, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Angiography, Angiography, Digital Subtraction, Thrombosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Cerebral Angiography, Aortic Dissection, Female, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Radiology, Tomography, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Cerebral angiography
Abstract

Spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (VAD) has been recognized as being more common than was first thought, with the growing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, simple MRI alone is not always satisfactory for making an accurate diagnosis. We experienced two cases of VAD in our clinic, in which three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) was performed. Our scanner has the capability of examining a slice of 1mm thick, 0.5mm reconstruction pitch, and a scan time of 1s/rotation. 3D-CTA clearly demonstrated the stenotic change concomitant with the surrounding thrombus and was thought to be useful for making an accurate diagnosis.

Published
2000

33. Magnetoresistive heads for helical-scan tape systems

Author

Y. Ikeda, Yoshiteru Kamatani, Toshio Shirai, Takahiro Kawana, S. Onodera, Tadashi Ozue, and H. Kano

Subjects
Recording head, Materials science, Magnetoresistance, Acoustics, Helical scan, Magnetic tape, Thermal asperity, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Recording density, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Shielded cable, Head (vessel), Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

In this paper, the helical-scan tape systems using the shielded MR heads will be discussed. We studied the issues related to the head/tape contact including the thermal asperity and the head wear. The study suggests that these issues can be resolved to the allowable level in the practical system. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated a high recording density using MR heads in these systems.

Published
1999

35. Update of the Brazilian floristic list of Algae and Cyanobacteria

Author

Mariângela Menezes, Carlos E. M. Bicudo, Carlos W. N. Moura, Aigara M. Alves, Alana A. Santos, Alexandre de G. Pedrini, Andréa Araújo, Andrea Tucci, Aurelio Fajar, Camila Malone, Cecília H. Kano, Célia L. Sant'Anna, Ciro Z. Branco, Clarisse Odebrecht, Cleto K. Peres, Emanuel B. Neuhaus, Enide Eskinazi-Leça, Eveline Aquino, Fabio Nauer, Gabriel N. Santos, Gilberto M. Amado Filho, Goia M. Lyra, Gyslaine C.P. Borges, Iara O. Costa, Ina de S. Nogueira, Ivania B. Oliveira, Joel. C.de Paula, José M. de C. Nunes, Jucicleide C. Lima, Kleber R.S. Santos, Leandro C. Ferreira, Lísia M.S. Gestinari, Luciana S. Cardoso, Marcia A.O. Figueiredo, Marcos H. Silva, Maria B.B.B. Barreto, Maria C.O. Henriques, Maria da G.G.S. Cunha, Maria E. Bandeira-Pedrosa, Maria F. Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria T.M. Széchy, Maria T.P. Azevedo, Mariana C. de Oliveira, Mariê M. Cabezudo, Marilene F. Santiago, Marli Bergesh, Mutuê T. Fujii, Norma C. Bueno, Orlando Necchi Jr., Priscila B. Jesus, Ricardo G. Bahia, Samir Khader, Sandra M. Alves-da-Silva, Silvia M.P.B. Guimarães, Sonia M.B. Pereira, Taiara A. Caires, Thamis Meurer, Valéria Cassano, Vera R. Werner, Watson A. da Gama Jr., and Weliton J. da Silva

Subjects
Biodiversidade, ficologia, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract An updated synthesis of cyanobacteria and algae information is presented for Brazil aiming to refine the data gathered to date and evaluate the progress of the biodiversity knowledge about these organisms in the country since the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. The results of 2015 showed an increase of 1,250 species (35.7%) when compared to 2010, reaching a total of 4,747 species. The most diverse classes in species number were the Bacillariophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Florideophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae had the highest increase in species number in the five-year interval. The Southeast and South regions were the most diverse, however, the Northeast, with the states of Piauí and Sergipe, and the Central-west region, with Mato Grosso, Goiás and Distrito Federal, also stood out in the national algal biodiversity scenario. Despite the shortage of taxonomists and limited infrastructure, the results showed a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding the diversity of cyanobacteria and algae in the country during the study period, starting to even out regional geographical differences caused by subsampling.

Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Ontogenetic changes of the water status and accumulated soluble compounds in growing cherry fruits studied by NMR imaging

Author

H. Kano, H. Ogawa, M. Koizumi, and N. Ishida

Subjects
Chemistry, Ontogeny, Physiological condition, food and beverages, Ripening, General Chemistry, Sweetness, Carbon-13 NMR, Horticulture, 13c nmr spectroscopy, Biochemistry, Proton NMR, General Materials Science, Water content
Abstract

Ontogenetic changes of water status and accumulated soluble compounds in growing cherry fruits were examined by 1H NMR imaging, 1H NMR localized spectral imaging and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Water status was contradictory between the seed and pericarp of the fruit in relation to growth stages. There was a large amount of high-mobility water present in the seed, whereas only a small amount was present in the pericarp during the early growth stages. The diffusion coefficient of seed water was determined as 2.1×10-5 cm2 s-1 at the maximum, which corresponded to that of pure water (2.14×10-5 cm2 s-1 at 25±1°C). Water in the seed decreased in amount and mobility whereas that in the pericarp increased with maturation. The diffusion coefficient of pericarp water increased from 1.0×10-5 to 1.6×10-5 cm2 s-1 as the fruit ripened. Sugars accumulated in the pericarp with increasing water content, but disappeared with further ripening of the fruit. This suggests that over-maturation results in loss of sweetness and firmness. NMR imaging could probe changes in the physiological condition of the fruit with growth stages. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
1997

37. Location of sugars in barley seeds during germination by NMR microscopy

Author

H. Kano, M. Koizumi, and N. Ishida

Subjects
Sucrose, Physiology, food and beverages, Fructose, Plant Science, Maltose, Biology, Vascular bundle, Endosperm, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, Coleoptile, chemistry, Botany, Hordeum vulgare, Sugar
Abstract

The distribution and fluctuation of sugars in germinating barley seeds were examined by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, 1 H-NMR imaging and 1 H-NMR localized spectroscopy in relation to morphology. Maltose, sucrose, fructose and oils were detected in intact imbibed seeds by 13 C-NMR spectra. During the first 6d of germination, the maltose content increased and the oil content gradually decreased, whilst the levels of sucrose and fructose remained constant. Sugars were located by 1 H-NMR images and 1 H-NMR localized spectra in the vascular bundle of the seeds as well as in the solubilized endosperm. They were also detected in the shoots. The sugars detected in an 80% ethanol shoot extract were sucrose and glucose, which were located in the vascular bundles but not in the mesophyll cells of the coleoptile. They were also located in the basal part of the shoot, but not above 7 mm from the scutellum. The data suggest that the sugars are primarily transported through the vascular bundles and, at the same time, rapidly incorporated into mesophyll cells in the leaves.

Published
1996

39. Thermal stress in GaN epitaxial layers grown on sapphire substrates

Author

H. Nagase, Tetsu Kachi, N. Koide, K. Manabe, T. Kozawa, and H. Kano

Subjects
Materials science, Phonon, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Biaxial tensile test, Epitaxy, Thermal expansion, Stress (mechanics), symbols.namesake, Sapphire, symbols, Optoelectronics, Wafer, Composite material, Raman spectroscopy, business
Abstract

Thermal stress in GaN epitaxial layers with different thicknesses grown on sapphire substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using an AlN buffer layer was investigated. Biaxial compressive stress in the GaN layer, due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients between GaN and sapphire, was obtained by measuring the curvature of wafer bending, and the observed stress agreed with the calculated stress. In Raman measurements, the E2 phonon peak of GaN was found to shift and broaden with the stress as a consequence of the change of the elastic constants with strain. The frequency shift Δω (in cm−1) was obtained for the first time, given by the relation: Δω=6.2 σ, where the biaxial stress σ is expressed in GPa.

Published
1995

40. A new approach to synthesizing free motions of robotic manipulators based on a concept of unit motions

Author

H. Kano and E. Takayama

Subjects
Robot kinematics, business.industry, Coordinate system, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, General Engineering, Robotics, Motion control, Robot control, Control theory, Control system, Polygon, Artificial intelligence, Motion planning, business, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Mathematics
Abstract

A concept of unit motions and a new scheme for synthesizing free motions of robotic manipulators are proposed. Unit motions are defined as smooth primitive motions in the hand coordinate system by employing normalized uniform B-spline functions. Complex motions are then generated as a superposition of time-shifted and weighted unit motions. Corresponding to unit motions, a concept of unit control inputs is also introduced and an entire control input is then obtained in exactly the same way as complex motions are generated from unit motions. Moreover, in order to build further complex motions from simpler ones in a systematic way, operations on motions are defined including spatial, temporal and structural ones. Based on unit motions and unit control inputs, we then develop a formal method for motion planning and control for robotic manipulators. Motions are represented formally as the time series of weight vectors, or equivalently as the so-called control polygons, and the operations on motions are then regarded as operations on control polygons. Simulation examples are included to demonstrate how to generate motions from unit motions and operations, and properties of the resulting motions are also described. >

Published
1995

41. Production of High Energy Ions by High Harmonic Fast Waves in the Gamma10 Tandem Mirror

Author

H. Kano, Makoto Ichimura, Kiyoshi Yatsu, Yuusuke Yamaguchi, Hitoshi Hojo, T. Watanabe, S. Kakimoto, Hiroyuki Higaki, and S. Saosaki

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Waves in plasmas, Mechanical Engineering, Cyclotron, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Ion acoustic wave, Ion, law.invention, Two-stream instability, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, Harmonic, General Materials Science, Atomic physics, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

In GAMMA10, plasma was generated and heated by conventional ICRF systems (RF1, RF2). RF3 system with the 10th harmonic ion cyclotron frequency near the midplane of the central cell was applied for the high-density plasma generation. At the same time, a plasma heating by RF3 was observed. Wave damping was calculated by using the hot plasma distribution in infinite and homogeneous plasma. It is clearly seen the high-energy component is important for the damping of high harmonic fast waves. The experimental observations in GAMMA 10 suggest the existence of high-energy tail in the energy distribution of ions.

Published
2003

42. Excitation of the Low Frequency Slow Alfvén Waves Associated With the Alfvén Ion Cyclotron Waves in the Gamma 10 Tandem Mirror

Author

S. Kakimoto, Yuusuke Yamaguchi, H. Kano, Makoto Ichimura, K. Kadoya, Hitoshi Hojo, Hiroyuki Higaki, K. Horinouchi, Kiyoshi Yatsu, and S. Saosaki

Subjects
Physics, Statistics::Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistics::Applications, Tandem, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Cyclotron, Perturbation (astronomy), Low frequency, Ion, law.invention, Statistics::Machine Learning, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Statistics::Methodology, General Materials Science, Atomic physics, business, Excitation, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

As a series of research on AIC waves, the first observation of the low frequency perturbation associated with the excitation of AIC waves is reported. The excitation of the low frequency wave is th...

Published
2003

44. Ontogenetic changes in water in cherry tomato fruits measured by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Author

H. Kano, N. Ishida, and M. Koizumi

Subjects
biology, Epidermis (botany), Chemistry, Ontogeny, food and beverages, Ripening, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Low mobility, Cherry tomato, Botany, Chemical composition, Water content, Solanaceae
Abstract

Changes in water status of intact developing cherry tomato fruits were followed by 1 H NMR imaging and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. In small green fruits, large amounts of water were located in the epidermis and neighbouring cells, and in seed envelopes and seeds. High mobility water with long spin-lattice relaxation times ( T 1 ) in the seeds of small green fruits disappeared as the fruit grew. The content of high mobility water in locular cavities, including seed envelopes, increased as ontogeny advanced. Low mobility water (short T 1 ) in the pericarp and dissepiments of the small and large green fruits increased in quantity and mobility during maturation. In some of the several water compartments in large green fruits water content declined during maturation. Changes in the physical state of water appeared to reflect changes in the physiology of the fruits. The mobility of sugars increased during fruit ripening.

Published
1994

45. Raman scattering from LO phonon‐plasmon coupled modes in gallium nitride

Author

N. Koide, Yasunori Taga, K. Manabe, H. Kano, Tetsu Kachi, Hashimoto Masafumi, and T. Kozawa

Subjects
Materials science, Phonon, business.industry, Scattering, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Gallium nitride, Spectral shift, Molecular physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, chemistry, symbols, Optoelectronics, Phonon band, business, Raman spectroscopy, Plasmon, Raman scattering
Abstract

Raman spectra of n‐type gallium nitride with different carrier concentrations have been measured. The LO phonon band shifted towards the high‐frequency side and broadened with an increase in carrier concentration. Results showed that the LO phonon was coupled to the overdamped plasmon in gallium nitride. The carrier concentrations and damping constants were determined by line‐shape fitting of the coupled modes and compared to values obtained from Hall measurements. The carrier concentrations obtained from the two methods agree well. As a result, the dominant scattering mechanisms in gallium nitride are deformation‐potential and electro‐optic mechanisms.

Published
1994

46. A system for imaging transverse distribution of scattered light and chlorophyll fluorescence in intact rice leaves

Author

K. Mineuchi, H. Kano, M. Koizumi, K. Takahashi, and T. Nakamura

Subjects
Materials science, Microscope, Physiology, business.industry, food and beverages, Image intensifier, Plant Science, Fluorescence, Light scattering, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Wavelength, Optics, chemistry, law, Chlorophyll, Botany, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business, Chlorophyll fluorescence
Abstract

In order to examine the transverse distribution of scattered light and chlorophyll fluorescence in intact rice leaves, a micro-fluorescence imaging system was devised using a microscope, a CCD camera with an image intensifier, an Ar and a He-Ne laser light source, an image processor, and a microcomputer. A laser light was projected vertically on to the surface of a rice leaf segment at a cut-edge, and scattered light and induced fluorescence were observed at the cut-section from a 90° angle to the axis of the laser beam. The intensity of scattered light showed a maximum at several micrometres depth from the leaf surface and a steep gradient afterwards. Fluorescence reached a maximum crossing with the decline curve of the scattered light. The maximum of fluorescence measured at 741 nm was observed at a greater depth from the leaf surface than that at 687 nm, suggesting that part of the fluorescence of the longer wavelength was emitted due to absorption of fluorescence of the shorter wavelength. Profiles of the scattered light and the chlorophyll fluorescence depended on leaf anatomy.

Published
1994

47. Formation of high mobility two-dimensional electron gas at etch-regrown AlGaAs/GaAs interface prepared by chlorine gas etching and MBE in an UHV multichamber system

Author

H. Kano, Hiroyuki Sakaki, H. Noge, and Yutaka Kadoya

Subjects
Electron mobility, Period (periodic table), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry, Etching (microfabrication), Materials Chemistry, Degradation (geology), Fermi gas, Carbon, Chlorine gas
Abstract

We demonstrate here that two-dimensional electron gas is successfully formed at the interface which is prepared by the Cl 2 gas etching of MBE grown GaAs followed by the overgrowth of n-AlGaAs in an ultra-high vacuum multichamber MBE system. Electron mobility as high as 114.1700 cm 2 /V s at 9.8 K is achieved for the carrier concentrntion N s =4.5×10 11 cm -2 . The carbon incorporated at the interface is found to he n dominant additional scatterer for the electrons. It is shown that the carbon is incorporated mainly in the MBE chamber during the period of the sample transfer, and that the degradation caused by Cl 2 etching itself is sufficiently small

Published
1993

49. Characteristics of spin-valve films with non-magnetic oxide layers for specular-scattering

Author

H. Kano and T. Mizuguchi

Subjects
Materials science, Magnetoresistance, Annealing (metallurgy), Analytical chemistry, Spin valve, Oxide, Giant magnetoresistance, Coercivity, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, Sheet resistance
Abstract

We found a new spin-valve structure in which low coercivity coexists with high GMR ratio is substrate/Ta/NiFe/PtMn/CoFe/Ru/Ox/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/Cu/Ta-O. "Ox" means that Ru layer surface was exposed to oxygen gas. In this structure, the free layer is separated from the top specular layer by a copper layer and shows no increase in coercivity. Furthermore, the free layer was well oriented due to the thin oxide layer in the bottom pinned layer and the coercivity did not increase. After annealing at 295/spl deg/C, GMR and the exchange-bias field showed little change, which meant the oxide layers were stable. For the structure glass/Ta [3 nm]/NiFe [2 nm]/PtMn [10 nm]/CoFe [1.5 nm]/Ru [0.8 nm]/Ox/CoFe [2 nm]/Cu [2 nm]/CoFe [2 nm]/Cu [1 nm]Ta-O [1 nm], GMR ratio of 14.9% and change in sheet resistance of 3.3 ohms were obtained. The coercivity of the free layer exhibited 0.4 Oe.

Published
2001

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results