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1. Generation and diversification of recombinant monoclonal antibodies

Author: Keith F DeLuca, Jeanne E Mick, Amy H Ide, Wanessa C Lima, Lori Sherman, Kristin L Schaller, Steven M Anderson, Ning Zhao, Timothy J Stasevich, Dileep Varma, Jakob Nilsson, and Jennifer G DeLuca
Subjects: antibody, nanobody, scFv, mitosis, kinetochore, spindle, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Antibodies are indispensable tools used for a large number of applications in both foundational and translational bioscience research; however, there are drawbacks to using traditional antibodies generated in animals. These include a lack of standardization leading to problems with reproducibility, high costs of antibodies purchased from commercial sources, and ethical concerns regarding the large number of animals used to generate antibodies. To address these issues, we have developed practical methodologies and tools for generating low-cost, high-yield preparations of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments directed to protein epitopes from primary sequences. We describe these methods here, as well as approaches to diversify monoclonal antibodies, including customization of antibody species specificity, generation of genetically encoded small antibody fragments, and conversion of single chain antibody fragments (e.g. scFv) into full-length, bivalent antibodies. This study focuses on antibodies directed to epitopes important for mitosis and kinetochore function; however, the methods and reagents described here are applicable to antibodies and antibody fragments for use in any field.
Published: 2021
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2. Identification of FOXO1 as a tumor suppressor modulated by androgen receptor/estrogen receptor-β signals: Implications for bladder cancer promotion and chemoresistance

Author: H. Ide, S. Inoue, T. Mizushima, G. Jiang, T. Goto, Y. Nagata, Y. Teramoto, M. Oya, G.J. Netto, and H. Miyamoto
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2020
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3. Intravesical BCG instillation is strongly associated with a decreased risk of upper tract urothelial carcinoma recurrence as well as intravesical recurrence in elderly male patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Author: H. Ide, N.N. Niwa, Y.B. Baba, and M.O. Oya
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2020
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4. The role of kinetochore dynein in checkpoint silencing is restricted to disassembly of the corona

Author: Amy H. Ide, Keith F. DeLuca, O'Neil Wiggan, Steven M. Markus, and Jennifer G. DeLuca
Subjects: Cell Biology, Molecular Biology
Abstract: During mitosis, kinetochore-microtubule attachments are monitored by a molecular surveillance system known as the spindle assembly checkpoint. The prevailing model posits that dynein evicts checkpoint proteins (e.g., Mad1, Mad2) from stably attached kinetochores by transporting them away from kinetochores, thus contributing to checkpoint silencing. However, the mechanism by which dynein performs this function, and its precise role in checkpoint silencing remain unresolved. Here, we find that dynein's role in checkpoint silencing is restricted to evicting checkpoint effectors from the fibrous corona, and not the outer kinetochore. Dynein evicts these molecules from the corona in a manner that does not require stable, end-on microtubule attachments. Thus, by disassembling the corona through indiscriminate microtubule encounters, dynein primes the checkpoint signaling apparatus so it can respond to stable end-on microtubule attachments, and permit cells to progress through mitosis. Accordingly, we find that dynein function in checkpoint silencing becomes largely dispensable in cells in which checkpoint effectors are excluded from the corona.
Published: 2023
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5. Seáinín Tom Sheáin and 'The Shepherd and the Mass'

Author: h-Íde, Tomás Ó
Published: 2016
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6. Robert Flaherty's "Oidhche Sheanchais": The First Film in Irish

Author: Ó h-Íde, Tomás
Published: 2014

7. Automatic tuning of ADSL circuits.

Author: M. Matsuno, S. Nakai, M. Morimitsu, H. Ide, and T. Ito
Published: 2005
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8. Author response: Generation and diversification of recombinant monoclonal antibodies

Author: Jeanne E Mick, Keith F DeLuca, Amy H Ide, Wanessa C Lima, Lori Sherman, Kristin L Schaller, Steven M Anderson, Ning Zhao, Timothy J Stasevich, Dileep Varma, Jakob Nilsson, and Jennifer G DeLuca
Published: 2021
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9. Intravesical BCG instillation is strongly associated with a decreased risk of upper tract urothelial carcinoma recurrence as well as intravesical recurrence in elderly male patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Author: M.O. Oya, Y.B. Baba, H. Ide, and N.N. Niwa
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Urology, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, Upper tract, Male patient, Intravesical bcg, Medicine, business, Non muscle invasive, Urothelial carcinoma
Published: 2020

10. Abnormal activation of lipoprotein lipase by non-equilibrating apoC-II: further evidence for the presence of non-equilibrating pools of apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in plasma lipoproteins

Author: L Tornoci, CA Scheraldi, X Li, H Ide, IJ Goldberg, and NA Le
Subjects: Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Using artificial triglyceride emulsions, we have demonstrated the presence of non-equilibrating pools of apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in human plasma lipoproteins. As the concentrations of acceptor triglycerides were increased, a greater fraction of both apoC-II and apoC-III shifted away from the native plasma lipoproteins to the artificial lipid emulsions. All of the apoC-II and apoC-III in very low density and high density lipoproteins (VLDL and HDL), however, could not be removed from native plasma lipoproteins. The percent of total plasma apoC-II and apoC-III that could be recovered in the VLDL and HDL density fractions varied when plasma from different individuals was used. When plasma samples from normotriglyceridemic subjects were used, HDL was the primary donor of apoCs. The percent of total plasma apoCs associated with HDL decreased from 60% to 25% for apoC-II and from 65% to 15% for apoC-III. When plasma samples from hypertriglyceridemic subjects were incubated with artificial lipid emulsions, VLDL was the primary donor of apoCs. HDL from hypertriglyceridemic subjects only accounted for 5-10% of total fasting plasma apoCs and did not contribute significantly to the final apoC contents of the artificial triglyceride emulsions. To evaluate the significance of the depletion of exchangeable apoCs from plasma HDL, we also examined the ability of control and apoC-depleted HDL to serve as activator for bovine milk lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in vitro. When HDL depleted of exchangeable apoCs were used as the source of plasma apolipoproteins for the activation of LPL in vitro, only 5-10% of the maximal activity obtained with native HDL was demonstrated. In fact, in the presence of comparable concentrations of HDL apoC-II, activation of LPL was the least with HDL which lacked exchangeable apoCs. Our data thus indicated that the presence of exchangeable apoC-II on HDL is necessary for the activation of LPL in vitro. This finding is consistent with our data that suggest that HDL from hypertriglyceridemic subjects do not stimulate LPL as well as HDL from normolipidemic subjects.
Published: 1993
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11. Caffeine removal using Elaeis guineensis activated carbon: adsorption and RSM studies

Author: Larissa L A, Melo, Alessandra H, Ide, José Leandro S, Duarte, Carmem Lucia P S, Zanta, Leonardo M T M, Oliveira, Wagner R O, Pimentel, and Lucas, Meili
Subjects: Kinetics, Research Design, Caffeine, Charcoal, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Thermodynamics, Adsorption, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Brazil, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: The palm (Elaeis guineensis), known as dendê, is an important oleaginous Brazilian plant with a high performance of oil production. In this work, a 2
Published: 2019

12. Identification of FOXO1 as a tumor suppressor modulated by androgen receptor/estrogen receptor-β signals: Implications for bladder cancer promotion and chemoresistance

Author: G.J. Netto, H. Ide, T. Goto, Y. Teramoto, Y. Nagata, S. Inoue, G. Jiang, H. Miyamoto, M. Oya, and T. Mizushima
Subjects: Bladder cancer, business.industry, Urology, Estrogen receptor, FOXO1, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.disease, lcsh:RC254-282, law.invention, Androgen receptor, law, Cancer research, Medicine, Suppressor, Identification (biology), business
Published: 2020
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13. Interaction of high Mach-number shocks in laser-produced plasmas

Author: J. N. Waugh, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, H. Tanji, Nigel Woolsey, S. Dono, K. Nishio, Taichi Morita, M. Koenig, Christopher D. Gregory, T. Ide, Youichi Sakawa, K. Tsubouchi, A. Dizière, H. Ide, H. Takabe, and H. Aoki
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Shock (fluid dynamics), Plasma, Shadowgraphy, Laser, law.invention, Particle acceleration, symbols.namesake, Mach number, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Atomic physics, Laboratory experiment, Pyrometer
Abstract: We report the laboratory experiment for high Mach-number collisionless shock formation and for studying the interaction of them. These shocks are formed in high-velocity counterstreaming plasmas produced by ablating a double-foil plastic target with a high-power laser. The laser-produced plasmas are diagnosed with space and time-resolved optical pyrometry and shadowgraphy. Multiple shocks are formed and interact with each other, resulting in the increase of plasma temperature and density.
Published: 2013
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14. Genetic variability in swine leukocyte antigen class II and Toll-like receptors affects immune responses to vaccination for bacterial infections in pigs

Author: M Tanaka-Matsuda, A Arakawa, M Chikyu, T Kawarasaki, Asako Ando, H Ide-Okumura, H Shinkai, K Terada, and Hirohide Uenishi
Subjects: Male, Serotype, Genotyping Techniques, Swine, Immunology, Biology, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Microbiology, Erysipelothrix Infections, Actinobacillus Infections, Immune system, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Swine Diseases, General Veterinary, Vaccination, fungi, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Chromosome Mapping, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Antibodies, Bacterial, Toll-Like Receptor 1, Virology, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Bacterial vaccine, Toll-Like Receptor 5, Toll-Like Receptor 6, Infectious Diseases, Vaccines, Inactivated, TLR6, Bacterial Vaccines, Erysipelothrix, biology.protein, Female, Antibody
Abstract: The genes encoding swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) are highly polymorphic in pig populations, and likely have influences on infection and the effects of vaccination. We explored the associations of different genotypes of SLA class II and of the genes TLR1, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR6 with antibody responses after vaccination against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) serotypes 1, 2, and 5 in 191 Duroc pigs maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions. We demonstrated close relationships between SLA class II and ER antibody response and between TLR genes other than TLR4 and APP antibody responses. Pigs with specific haplotypes in SLA class II or TLR5 showed decreased antibody response to ER vaccination or increased responses to APP2 and APP5 vaccination, respectively. It might be possible to breed for responsiveness to vaccination and to implement new vaccine development strategies unaffected by genetic backgrounds of pigs.
Published: 2012
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15. History of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

Author: H. Ide, T. R. DeMeester, N. Ando, H. Watanabe, Mark K. Ferguson, and P. Barron
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Esophageal disease, General surgery, Gastroenterology, MEDLINE, Historical Article, General Medicine, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, Medical history, Esophagus, business
Published: 2012
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16. Poster presentation

Author: W. Kwong, A. L. Neilson, R. M. Hamilton, C. C. Chiu, E. A. Stephenson, G. J. Gross, L. Soucie, J. A. Kirsh, Z. xian-hui, T. Bao-peng, L. Jin-xin, Z. Yu, Z. Yan-yi, Z. Jiang-hua, T. Hirahara, Y. Sugawara, C. Suga, J. Ako, S. Momomura, A. V. Ardashev, E. G. Zhelyakov, A. V. Konev, M. S. Rybachenko, Y. N. Belenkov, R. Bai, L. Di Biase, P. Santangeli, L. C. Saenz, A. Verma, J. Sanchez, C. Tondo, A. Natale, F. Safari, S. Hajizadeh, A. Mani, A. Khoshbaten, M. Foadoddini, S. S. Forush, G. Bayat, S.-H. Kim, D. Chong, C. K. Ching, R. Liew, null Galalardin, M. W. Khin, W. S. Teo, B. Y. Tan, T. Sakamoto, M. Al Mehairi, S. A. Al Ghamdi, K. Dagriri, A. Al Fagih, R. Selvaraj, B. Ezhumalai, S. Satheesh, A. Ajit, P. Gobu, J. Balachander, X.-q. Liu, X. Zhou, G. Yang, G.-z. Zhong, L. Shi, Y. Tian, Y.-b. Li, A.-h. Wang, X.-c. Yang, S. Takenaka, H. Ozaki, M. Nakamura, M. Otsuka, Y. Tsurumi, G. Nolker, K. J. Gutleben, G. Ritscher, A. M. Sinha, B. Muntean, J. Heintze, J. Vogt, J. Brachmann, D. Horstkotte, T. Katsuyuki, F. McGrew, E. Johnson, M. Coppess, I. Fan, S. Li, L. Zhiyu, L. Zengzhang, L. Xianbin, Y. Yuehui, L. Min, Z. Shu-long, C. Dong, Z. Zhi-tao, W. Xian-jing, D. Ying-xue, Z. Shu-Long, Z. Zhi-Tao, W. Xian-Jing, D. Ying-Xue, P. Liu, J.-H. Guo, Z. Zhang, J. Li, H.-G. Liu, H.-C. Zhang, V. Zvereva, A. Rillig, U. Meyerfeldt, W. Jung, L. Wei, G. Qi, Q. Zhang, Y. Xia, A. Doi, K. Satomi, I. Nakajima, H. Makimoto, T. Yokoyama, Y. Yamada, H. Okamura, T. Noda, T. Aiba, W. Shimizu, N. Aihara, S. Kamakura, Z. Li, Q.-y. Zhao, C.-x. Huang, C. Min-Seok, P. Jeong-Wook, H. Young-Woong, P. Sung-Eun, U. Jae-Sun, O. Yong-Seog, S. Woo-Seung, K. Ji-Hoon, J. Seong-Won, L. Man-Young, R. Tae-Ho, J.-S. Uhm, Y.-S. Oh, M.-S. Choi, J.-W. Park, Y.-W. Ha, S.-E. Park, S.-W. Jang, W.-S. Shin, J.-H. Kim, M.-Y. Lee, T.-H. Rho, J. B. Nielsen, M. S. Olesen, M. Tango, S. Haunso, A. G. Holst, J. H. Svendsen, D. Poci, A.-M. Thogersen, S. Riahi, P. Linde, N. Edvardsson, C. W. Khoo, S. Krishnamoorthy, G. Dwivedi, B. Balakrishnan, H. S. Lim, G. Y. H. Lip, S. D'Ascia, C. D'ascia, V. Marino, M. Chiariello, G. Santulli, L. Music, K. Anderson, B. S. Benzaquen, C. Saponieri, H. Yassin, V. Fridman, B. C. Vasavada, G. Turitto, N. El-Sherif, H. Prabhu, Y. Huang, M. C. Ortega, E. S.-H. Sosa, A. N. Ugalde, A. Al Jamil, M. Abu Siddique, K. M. H. S. S. Haque, S.-i. Momomura, R. Mlynarski, A. Mlynarska, G. Ilczuk, J. Wilczek, M. Sosnowski, R. Kohno, H. Abe, T. Nagatomo, Y. Oginosawa, H. Minamiguchi, Y. Otsuji, S. Ekinci, M. Yesil, S. Bayata, V. K. Vurgun, E. Arikan, N. Postaci, R. Xiaoqing, P. Jielin, Z. Shu, M. Liang, W. Fangzheng, K. Takahashi, T. Tokano, Y. Nakazato, S. Doi, T. Shiozawa, H. Konishi, M. Hiki, Y. Kato, S. Komatsu, S. Takahashi, N. Kubota, H. Tamura, S. Suwa, M. Ohki, T. Katsumata, K. Kizu, F. Bito, M. Sumiyoshi, H. D. Juntendo, T. Yukoyama, F. Perna, M. Leo, L. Leccisotti, M. Casella, G. Pelargonio, M. Lago, G. Bencardino, M. L. Narducci, E. Russo, A. Giordano, F. Bellocci, T. Song, J. Yang, C. Huang, J. Zhang, P. Wu, Y. Chen, X. Fan, T. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Tang, C.-X. Huang, X.-R. Fan, Y.-J. Chen, X.-W. Li, T. Buescher, D. Obias-Manno, C.-J. Yoo, J. Huh, H. Nakanishi, A. Hirata, M. Wada, K. Kashiwase, M. Okada, Y. Ueda, D. Su, X. L. Niu, A. Q. Song, S. Fujii, Y. Yambe, K. Shiiba, M. Sakakibara, A. Watanabe, T. Wada, Y. Koide, M. Ikeda, H. Toda, K. Hashimoto, R. Terasaka, M. Nakahama, Y. Okada, H. Mizuno, H. Ide, T. Ueno, S. Kogaki, K. Ozono, S. Nanto, C. Statescu, R. Bercea, R. A. Sascau, C. A. Georgescu, E. Athanas, N. Y. Mironov, S. A. Bakalov, E. A. Jarova, E. S. Rodionova, N. A. Mironova, J. Kim, M. S. Ahn, D. C. Han, J. T. L. Choo, C. K. Chen, T. H. Tan, K. K. Ong, R. Kam, A. Curnis, L. Bontempi, G. Coppola, M. Cerini, F. Vassanelli, A. Lipari, F. Gennaro, C. Pagnoni, N. Ashofair, L. D. Cas, V. Gourineni, K.-L. Wong, R. Davoudi, N. Hamid, T. B. Yew, C. C. Keong, T. W. Siong, E. Fuke, H. Shimizu, S. Kimura, K. Hao, R. Watanabe, J.-B. Seo, W.-Y. Chung, M.-A. Kim, Z.-H. Zo, S. Krishinan, N. A. Skuratova, L. M. Belyaeva, M. H. Bae, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, D. H. Yang, H. S. Park, Y. Cho, S. C. Chae, J.-E. Jun, L. V. Rychkova, V. V. Dolgikh, L. V. Zurbanova, A. V. Zurbanov, A. Aleksanyan, A. Matevosyan, G. Podosyan, P. Zelveian, H. O. Choi, G.-B. Nam, Y. R. Kim, K. H. Kim, K.-J. Choi, Y.-H. Kim, H. A. P. Pakpahan, D. Wei, T. Qizhu, Y. Xiaofei, G. Kai, F. Siting, H. Ji, A. Sato, Y. Tanabe, Y. Hayashi, T. Yoshida, E. Ito, M. Chinushi, K. Hasegawa, N. Yagihara, K. Iijima, D. Izumi, H. Watanabe, H. Furushima, Y. Aizawa, Y.-x. Dong, J. C. Burnett, H. H. Chen, S. Sandberg, Y. Zhang, P.-S. Chen, Y.-M. Cha, X.-h. Zhou, B.-p. Tang, J.-x. Li, Y.-d. Li, J.-h. Zhang, P. Arsenos, K. Gatzoulis, T. Gialernios, P. Dilaveris, S. Sideris, S. Archontakis, D. Tsiachris, S. Christodoulos, Z. Feng, S. Baogui, L. Li, L. Ming, P. Mohanty, A. B. Hesselson, E. De Ruvo, P. L. Gallagher, M. Minati, L. C. A. Natale, G. F. Tomassoni, T. Gan, B. Tang, G. Xu, J. Hosoda, T. Ishikawa, K. Matsushita, K. Matsumoto, Y. Kimura, M. Miyamoto, T. Sugano, T. Ishigami, K. Uchino, K. Kimura, S. Umemura, T. Kurita, L. Ruan, C. Zhang, S. Cai, N. Liu, Y. Ruan, X. Quan, J. K. Kang, N. Y. Kim, S. H. Park, J. E. Jun, W. H. Park, O. V. Sapelnikov, R. S. Latypov, I. R. Grishin, Y. V. Mareev, M. A. Saidova, R. S. Akchurin, G. Manis, D. Mytas, T. Papafanis, M. V. Papavasileiou, C. Stefanadis, L.-N. Ren, X.-H. Fang, Y.-q. Wang, G.-X. Qi, Q.-x. Zeng, Z.-t. Zheng, J.-q. Zhong, Y.-l. Wang, H.-z. Liu, D.-l. Liu, X.-l. Meng, J.-s. Li, G.-y. Su, J. Wang, W. B. Nicolson, S. Kundu, N. Tyagi, P. D. S. Meatcher, S. Yusuf, M. Jeilan, P. J. Stafford, A. J. Sandilands, I. Loke, G. A. Ng, Y. Solak, E. E. Gul, H. Atalay, T. Abdulhalikov, M. Kayrak, S. Turk, A. V. Pogodina, O. V. Valjavskaja, Y. X. Chen, N. S. Luo, J. F. Wang, S. Zhang, S. Ishimaru, M. Miyakawa, R. Kakinoki, M. Tadokoro, S. Kitani, T. Sugaya, K. Nishimura, T. Igarashi, H. Okabayashi, J. Furuya, Y. Igarashi, K. Igarashi, T. Su, D. Winlaw, R. Chard, I. Nicholson, G. Sholler, K. Lau, Q. Sun, K.-p. Cheng, R. Cheng, W. Hua, J.-l. Pu, C. P. Lim, L. L. Chan, L. W. Teo, B. W. K. Kwok, D. K. L. Sim, D. Moneghini, R. Cestari, H. Al Shurafa, S. Al Ghamdi, A. Al Khadra, A. Agacdiken, I. Yalug, A. Vural, U. Celikyurt, D. Ural, T. Aker, E. Schloss, A. Auricchio, C. Zeng, L. Sterns, F. Farooqi, R. Kamdar, S. Adhya, S. Bayne, T. Jackson, L. Pollock, N. Gall, F. Murgatroyd, Y. Guo, Y. Wang, T. Yang, P. Zhu, H. Liu, Y. Zhao, L. Zhang, W. Gao, and M. Gao
Subjects: Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2011
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17. Analysis of Magnetic Cluster Size Distributions from AC Erased Noise Spectra

Author: H. Ide, Hiroyuki Nakagawa, M. Hashimoto, and K. Nakamoto
Subjects: Materials science, Series (mathematics), Autocorrelation, Condensed Matter Physics, Noise (electronics), Spectral line, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Computational physics, Magnetization, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Distribution (mathematics), Area density, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Jitter
Abstract: We have developed a method of analysis to estimate magnetic cluster size distributions, including average size and size deviations through spin-stand testing. To statistically analyze the ac-erased magnetization distribution, the autocorrelation functions of the magnetization distributions were derived from readback media noise spectra. The cluster size distributions were quantified from the autocorrelation function by utilizing the undershoot value as well as the zero-crossing shift length. By analyzing a series of capped granular perpendicular media, we observed that the average cluster size increased when the cap layer was thick, while the size deviations decreased. This trend agrees well with the results obtained from the minor loop analysis. This method is useful for developing media because measuring is easy, fast, and can be used for various kinds of recording media under a variety of conditions. The relationship between transition jitter and the average magnetic cluster size revealed that reducing the cluster size distribution while keeping writability high was important to achieve high areal density recording.
Published: 2009
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18. Activated leucocytes express and secrete macrophage inflammatory protein-1 upon interaction with synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis via a 2-integrin/ICAM-1 mechanism

Author: Michio Hanyuda, H Uchida, H Miyaoka, Y Kameoka, Mizuho Matsunawa, Tsuyoshi Kasama, Mitsuru Adachi, H Ide, Nobuyuki Yajima, and Takeo Isozaki
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Chemokine, Neutrophils, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Arthritis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Lymphocyte Activation, Monocytes, Proinflammatory cytokine, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Rheumatology, Synovitis, medicine, Humans, Synovial fluid, Pharmacology (medical), RNA, Messenger, Chemokine CCL4, Macrophage inflammatory protein, Cells, Cultured, Chemokine CCL3, biology, business.industry, Synovial Membrane, Fibroblasts, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins, Blotting, Northern, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Molecular biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, CD18 Antigens, Immunology, biology.protein, Synovial membrane, business
Abstract: Objective. To examine the expression and regulation of chemotactic factor, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) isolated from the synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods. Monocytes or PMN obtained from RA SF were co-cultured with unstimulated semiconfluent RA FLS. Culture supernatants were assayed for MIP1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of MIP-1 mRNA and protein was also determined by Northern blot analyss and immunohistochemistry respectively. Results. Interaction of activated leucocytes with FLS synergistically increased MIP-1 expression and secretion via a mechanism mediated by 2-integrin/ intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Conclusion. MIP-1 expression within inflamed joints appears to be regulated not only by inflammatory cytokines but also by the physical interaction of activated leucocytes and FLS, and plays a crucial role in the progression and maintenance of RA synovitis.
Published: 2003
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19. Narrow-Gap Read Head Using a High-Resistance Magnetic Shield

Author: Katsumi Hoshino, Kazuhiro Nakamoto, H. Kimura, Hiromasa Takahashi, H. Ide, Katsuro Watanabe, and Hiroyuki Hoshiya
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Insulator (electricity), equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic shield, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Permeability (electromagnetism), Shield, Narrow gap, Waveform, Optoelectronics, Magnetic films, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, human activities, Instrumentation
Abstract: A narrow-gap read head with a high-resistance magnetic film was investigated. The film has a resistance of more than 10 m Ω cm and good soft magnetic properties. The high-resistance shield head comprises a GMR film, insulator films for the read-gap, high-resistance magnetic films, insulator films to prevent breakdown of the head, and magnetic shield films. The fabricated high-resistance shield head shows a good output waveform. However, it has a slightly larger half-amplitude pulse width (PW50) value than a conventional shield head, because the permeability of the high-resistance magnetic film is insufficiently high. We concluded that a read head using a high-resistance shield with high permeability would be a suitable candidate for a narrow-gap read head.
Published: 2003
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20. Chicken microsatellite primers are not efficient markers for Japanese quail

Author: K. Kimura, Y. Nagamine, Shin'ichi Ito, Makoto Mizutani, Hideaki Takahashi, Boniface B. Kayang, Miho Inoue-Murayama, Yuichi Murayama, H. Ide, K. Tatsuda, Masaoki Tsudzuki, Yoichi Matsuda, H. Hanada, A. Nomura, and T. Takeda
Subjects: Genetics, animal structures, biology, Coturnix japonica, Fowl, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Phasianidae, Quail, Genetic linkage, biology.animal, embryonic structures, Microsatellite, Animal Science and Zoology, Polymorphic locus, Allele frequency
Abstract: Domestic fowl or chicken (Gallus gallus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) belong to the family Phasianidae. The exchange of marker information between chicken and quail is an important step towards the construction of a high-resolution comparative genetic map in Phasianidae, which includes several poultry species of agricultural importance. We tested chicken microsatellite markers to see if they would be suitable as genetic linkage markers in Japanese quail. Twenty-six per cent (31/120) of chicken primers amplified individual loci in Japanese quail and 65% (20/31) of the amplified loci were found to be polymorphic. Eleven of the polymorphic loci were excluded as uninformative because of the lack of amplification in some individuals or high frequency of nonspecific amplification. The sequence information of the remaining nine loci revealed six of them to contain microsatellites that were nearly identical with those of the orthologous regions in chicken. For these six loci, allele frequencies were estimated in 50 unrelated quails. Although the very few chicken markers that do work well in quail could be used as anchor points for a comparative mapping, most chicken markers are not useful for studies in quail. Therefore, more effort should be committed to developing quail-specific markers rather than attempting to adapt chicken markers for work in quail.
Published: 2001
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21. CHRONIC HEPATITIS C BETA‐INTERFERON‐INDUCED SEVERE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDAEMIA WITH APOLIPOPROTEIN E PHENOTYPE E3/2

Author: Y Homma, K Kawazoe, T Ito, H Ide, H Takahashi, F Ueno, and S Matsuzaki
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2000
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22. COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELS OF HEALTHY AND FAILING FONTAN CIRCULATIONS

Author: Richard D. Weisel, Osami Honjo, W. Zhang, F. Alvarado, Cristina H. Amon, Leonard W. Tse, H. Ide, and Matthew G. Doyle
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, Mechanics, Computational fluid dynamics, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2015
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23. High-power laser experiments to study collisionless shock generation

Author: Quan-Li Dong, T. Kato, H. Ide, K. Schaar, Hideaki Takabe, Gianluca Gregori, K. Nishio, Steven Ross, T. Ide, A. Dizière, Bruce Remington, Y. T. Li, S. Wang, M. Kuwada, Nathan Kugland, Taichi Morita, D. D. Ryutov, Youichi Sakawa, Dustin Froula, Takayoshi Norimatsu, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, H. Tanji, C. D. Murphy, Nigel Woolsey, Christopher D. Gregory, A. Pelka, Anatoly Spitkovsky, T. Tsubouchi, H.-S. Park, and M. Koenig
Subjects: Physics, Thomson scattering, Proton radiography, QC1-999, Astrophysics, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Omega, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Shock (mechanics), Magnetic field, Power (physics), law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: A collisionless Weibel-instability mediated shock in a self-generated magnetic field is studied using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation [Kato and Takabe, Astophys. J. Lett. 681, L93 (2008)]. It is predicted that the generation of the Weibel shock requires to use NIF-class high-power laser system. Collisionless electrostatic shocks are produced in counter-streaming plasmas using Gekko XII laser system [Kuramitsu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 175002 (2011)]. A NIF facility time proposal is approved to study the formation of the collisionless Weibel shock. OMEGA and OMEGA EP experiments have been started to study the plasma conditions of counter-streaming plasmas required for the NIF experiment using Thomson scattering and to develop proton radiography diagnostics. © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2013.
Published: 2013
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24. Formation of counterstreaming plasmas for collisionless shock experiment

Author: Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, M. Kuwada, Hideaki Takabe, Toshihiro Taguchi, Youichi Sakawa, T. Ide, S. Shimazaki, A. Diziere, Taichi Morita, Christopher D. Gregory, Naofumi Ohnishi, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, M. Koenig, K. Tsubouchi, K. Nishio, H. Tanji, and H. Ide
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, business.industry, Plane (geometry), QC1-999, Physics::Medical Physics, Plasma, Radiation, Laser, law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Irradiation, business, Pyrometer
Abstract: Process of counterstreaming plasma generation for laser irradiation of the innner-surface of the first plane of a double-plane target is investigated. The image taken by streaked self-emission optical pyrometer and radiation hydrodynamic simulation show the plasma from the second plane is ablated by radiation almost at the laser timing. After ∼5ns, increase in brightness and the generation of a plasma on the second plane are observed. According to the contemporary measurement of streaked interferometry, this is caused by the ablation of the second plane by the first plane plasma.
Published: 2013

25. Frictional Behaviour of Lubricants during Deep Drawing and Ironing Processes for Zinc-Coated Steel Sheets

Author: T Nakamura, Masayoshi Muraki, Tagawa Kazuo, and H Ide
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, Zinc, Composite material, Deep drawing, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Galvannealed
Abstract: Frictional behaviour of lubricants during the deep drawing and the ironing processes was studied for two types of zinc-coated steel sheets at low speeds. Deep drawability of galvannealed steel sheet (GA) was significantly improved by an increase in viscosity as well as by addition of the friction modifiers, which was due to reduction in frictional forces in the flange zone and around the die radius. In contrast to the results in the drawing test, the frictional characteristics in the ironing test were little affected by the viscosity because the ironing process was primarily performed in the boundary lubrication regime. As to workpiece materials, a double-layer steel (GAE) coated with an electrogalvanized iron-rich alloy layer on the surface of GA was superior to GA in terms of deep drawability due to the lower contact ratio based on high hardness of the top coating layer and probably due to a low coefficient of friction in the boundary contact area. When compared with the effects of the friction modifiers, active sulphur EP (extreme pressure) additive showed the most significant effect on formability and the lowest friction in the ironing process. On the other hand calcium sulphonate raised formability in the deep drawing, but was ineffective for reducing friction in the ironing process.
Published: 1996
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26. Endothelial-cell injury of the basilar artery caused by ethanol infusion in dogs

Author: Yuji Handa, H. Ide, Hirotoshi Kobayashi, Masanori Kabuto, and T. Kubota
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endothelium, medicine.medical_treatment, Fibrin, Dogs, Platelet Adhesiveness, medicine.artery, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, medicine, Basilar artery, Animals, Infusions, Intra-Arterial, Thrombus, Saline, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ethanol, biology, business.industry, Fissipedia, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Embolization, Therapeutic, Surgery, Endothelial stem cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Basilar Artery, Anesthesia, Toxicity, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, biology.protein, Female, Endothelium, Vascular, Neurology (clinical), business, Brain Stem
Abstract: This study in mongrel dogs was designed to observe the effects of ethanol on both endothelial cells of the basilar artery and brain function. By use of sterile surgical technique, a super-selective catheter was placed in the proximal portion of the basilar artery in the dogs. Five dogs received 3 ml of 25% ethanol and 5 dogs received 3 ml of 50% of ethanol through the catheter over 2 minutes. The remaining 5 dogs received 3 ml of saline as a control. Auditory brain stem response (ABR) was monitored for 2 hours after ethanol infusion, and then perfusion-fixation was performed from the heart with 4% paraformaldehyde. The basilar artery was observed with scanning electron microscopy after routine procedures. The endothelial cells were intact in the control group. The 50% group showed a higher level of injury to the endothelium as well as a higher degree of platelet adhesion and fibrin clot formation compared with the 25% group. The extensive endothelial-cell damage subsequently caused thrombus formation. The ABR disappeared immediately after ethanol infusion in both ethanol groups, and recovered gradually in the 25% group, but did not re-appear during the time course of 2 hours in the 50% group. The ethanol less than 25% in concentration near the endothelium is considered to be safe as a transcatheter embolic agent with the attention to the central toxicity.
Published: 1996
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27. Clinical and safety profiles of bipolar transurethral vaporization of the prostate in saline: a preliminary report

Author: S, Isotani, S, Muto, J, Yu, M, Nagae, T, China, T, Koseki, T, Kumamoto, S, Tokiwa, T, Yoshii, K, Saito, R, Yamaguchi, H, Ide, and S, Horie
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Male, Operative Time, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Transurethral Resection of Prostate, Urination, Middle Aged, Sodium Chloride, Treatment Outcome, Quality of Life, Humans, Therapeutic Irrigation, Electrodes, Aged
Abstract: Transurethral vaporization of the prostate in saline (TURisV) is an innovative endoscopic surgical modality for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that vaporizes prostate tissue using a uniquely designed mushroom electrode. TURisV promises instant hemostatic tissue ablation under saline irrigation and offers clinical advantages for endoscopic BPH operations. From July 2008 to February 2009, TURisV was performed in 17 cases with clinically significant BPH. Median operation time was 127.0 min and median volume of vaporized prostate tissue was 41.1 g. Median International Prostate Symptom Score improved from 20 to 4 after 12 months. Median maximum flow rate increased from 5.3 mL/s to 13.8 mL/s after 12 months. Postoperative median residual urine improved from 48.0 mL to 7.0 mL after 12 months. No changes in hemoglobin or electrolyte levels were seen postoperatively. Our results suggest that TURisV is a safe and efficacious treatment for BPH.
Published: 2012

28. Localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in mouse and rat-tissues and demonstration of its nuclear translocation in transfected cv-1 cells

Author: Keith Alvares, Janardan K. Reddy, H. Ide, Qi Quan Huang, Anjana V. Yeldandi, and M. S. Rao
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Steroid hormone receptor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Biology, Peroxisome, Fatty acid beta-oxidation, Fusion protein, Molecular biology, Endocrinology, Oncology, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, Receptor, Cellular localization
Abstract: Hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents induced by nongenotoxic peroxisome proliferators is postulated to be a receptor-mediated process. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, which participate in ligand-dependent transcriptional activation of peroxisomal fatty acid beta oxidation enzyme system genes in liver parenchymal cells of rats and mice. In order to study the tissue distribution and cellular localization of PPAR, we raised polyclonal antibodies against PPAR using a recombinant rat PPAR (rPPAR) expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase-rPPAR fusion protein. On immunoblot analysis the antibodies specifically recognized a 55 kDa PPAR protein in rat, mouse and human liver homogenates. Immunoblotting also showed that in the mouse and rat, PPAR is expressed in liver, kidney and heart, and only weakly in brain and testis. Immunohistochemical localization in the rat and mouse revealed that PPAR is highly expressed in perivenular (i.e., those surrounding hepatic vein) hepatocytes and very weakly in the cytoplasm of remaining hepatocytes. In the kidney, PPAR was visualized predominantly in the p(3) segments of proximal convoluted tubular epithelium. CV-1 cells transiently transfected with rPPAR cDNA construct showed predominant cytoplasmic fluorescence; treatment of these cells with ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator, resulted in the nuclear translocation of PPAR signal.
Published: 2011

29. Acute stroke in cats: comparison of dynamic susceptibility-contrast MR imaging with T2- and diffusion-weighted MR imaging

Author: H Ide, S Itoh, Yasushi Ishii, T Matsuda, T Kubota, Masayuki Maeda, and H Kobayashi
Subjects: Gadolinium DTPA, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Contrast Media, Hemodynamics, Gadolinium, Blood volume, Brain Ischemia, Diffusion, Meglumine, medicine.artery, Occlusion, Organometallic Compounds, medicine, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Stroke, Cerebral Cortex, Blood Volume, CATS, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Magnetic resonance imaging, Pentetic Acid, Image Enhancement, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hyperintensity, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Drug Combinations, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Acute Disease, Middle cerebral artery, Cats, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: To evaluate the hemodynamics of acute stroke in cats by means of dynamic susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging compared with standard T2- and diffusion-weighted MR imaging.Unilateral permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed in 18 cats. MR imaging was performed with each method 2 hours (n = 2), 6 hours (n = 10), and 24 hours (n = 11) after occlusion.At every time point, dynamic MR images clearly showed ischemic regions of steady-state signal hyperintensity and areas of less dynamic decrease in signal intensity that corresponded closely to those seen on diffusion-weighted MR images. T2-weighted MR images did not reveal regions of high signal intensity 2 hours after occlusion. The measurements of relative blood volume obtained with the dynamic method were significantly lower in steady-state hyperintense ischemic areas of the affected side than those in the contralateral normal areas at 6 and 24 hours (P.001).This dynamic method can advance the time of detection of early ischemia in comparison with T2-weighted MR imaging and provides functional information about hemodynamics not provided by other methods of MR imaging.
Published: 1993
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30. Abnormal activation of lipoprotein lipase by non-equilibrating apoC-II: further evidence for the presence of non-equilibrating pools of apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in plasma lipoproteins

Author: C A Scheraldi, X Li, I J Goldberg, N A Le, H Ide, and L Tornoci
Subjects: Intermediate-density lipoprotein, Lipoprotein lipase, Very low-density lipoprotein, medicine.medical_specialty, Apolipoprotein C, Triglyceride, Apolipoprotein C-II, Apolipoprotein C-III, nutritional and metabolic diseases, QD415-436, Cell Biology, Metabolism, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract: Using artificial triglyceride emulsions, we have demonstrated the presence of non-equilibrating pools of apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in human plasma lipoproteins. As the concentrations of acceptor triglycerides were increased, a greater fraction of both apoC-II and apoC-III shifted away from the native plasma lipoproteins to the artificial lipid emulsions. All of the apoC-II and apoC-III in very low density and high density lipoproteins (VLDL and HDL), however, could not be removed from native plasma lipoproteins. The percent of total plasma apoC-II and apoC-III that could be recovered in the VLDL and HDL density fractions varied when plasma from different individuals was used. When plasma samples from normotriglyceridemic subjects were used, HDL was the primary donor of apoCs. The percent of total plasma apoCs associated with HDL decreased from 60% to 25% for apoC-II and from 65% to 15% for apoC-III. When plasma samples from hypertriglyceridemic subjects were incubated with artificial lipid emulsions, VLDL was the primary donor of apoCs. HDL from hypertriglyceridemic subjects only accounted for 5-10% of total fasting plasma apoCs and did not contribute significantly to the final apoC contents of the artificial triglyceride emulsions. To evaluate the significance of the depletion of exchangeable apoCs from plasma HDL, we also examined the ability of control and apoC-depleted HDL to serve as activator for bovine milk lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in vitro. When HDL depleted of exchangeable apoCs were used as the source of plasma apolipoproteins for the activation of LPL in vitro, only 5-10% of the maximal activity obtained with native HDL was demonstrated. In fact, in the presence of comparable concentrations of HDL apoC-II, activation of LPL was the least with HDL which lacked exchangeable apoCs. Our data thus indicated that the presence of exchangeable apoC-II on HDL is necessary for the activation of LPL in vitro. This finding is consistent with our data that suggest that HDL from hypertriglyceridemic subjects do not stimulate LPL as well as HDL from normolipidemic subjects.
Published: 1993
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31. Glycemic Control and Development of Retinopathy in Youth-onset Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Author: Roy J. Wilson, Randie R. Little, J D England, David E. Goldstein, Mark Eddy, Kevin J. Blinder, John E. Hewett, Hsiao-Mei Wiedmeyer, Sharon K. Anderson, and Carl H. Ide
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Longitudinal study, business.industry, Eye disease, Fundus (eye), medicine.disease, Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Young adult, business, Prospective cohort study, Retinopathy, Glycemic
Abstract: Background: In 1979, the authors began a prospective study of the natural history of retinopathy in youth-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Their major goal was to determine if there was an association between glycemic control and the development and progression of retinopathy. Methods: The study consisted of 420 individuals with IDDM (onset younger than 20 years of age) and no retinopathy at baseline. Study subjects were enrolled between 1979 and 1988. Stereo color fundus photographs were obtained annually. Two eye endpoints were recorded: duration when retinopathy was first detected, and when proliferative retinopathy was detected. Glycemic control was assessed by quarterly determinations of glycohemoglobin (GHb). Life-table analyses were performed relating duration of diabetes, sex, GHb, and age of diabetes onset to development of retinopathy. Results: Retinopathy did not develop before 2 years' duration or before puberty. The prevalence of retinopathy was 50% by 9 years' duration and 100% by 20 years' duration. Retinopathy developed in females approximately 2 years sooner than in males, but plotting duration as postpubertal years resulted in nearly identical rates. Retinopathy developed significantly earlier in subjects with prepubertal onset of diabetes than in subjects with postpubertal onset if duration was plotted as postpubertal years. When separated into three groups based on GHb levels ( 9%), retinopathy developed approximately 2 years later in subjects in the less than 7.5% GHb group than those in the higher GHb groups. Proliferative retinopathy developed in 11 subjects. Their mean GHb level was higher than the mean GHb for those without proliferative retinopathy (10.9 versus 8.6%; P Conclusion: Long-term glycemic control is significantly related to both development and progression of retinopathy. Prepubertal duration of diabetes is a significant risk factor for the development of retinopathy.
Published: 1993
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32. Primary structure of microbial transglutaminase from Streptoverticillium sp. strain s-8112

Author: H Ide, Hiroaki Ozaki, Toshifumi Takao, Yasutsugu Shimonishi, T Kanaji, M Motoki, and H Kawajiri
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, integumentary system, biology, Edman degradation, Electrospray ionization, Protein primary structure, Proteolytic enzymes, Active site, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Amino acid, Residue (chemistry), chemistry, biology.protein, Molecular Biology, Peptide sequence
Abstract: The complete amino acid sequence of transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) (TGase), which is produced by a microorganism, Streptoverticillium sp. strain s-8112, and catalyzes the acyl transfer reaction between gamma-carboxyamide groups of glutamine residues in proteins and various primary amines, has been established by a combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and standard Edman degradation of peptide fragments produced by treatment of the TGase with various proteolytic enzymes and purified by a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The TGase consists of 331 amino acid residues with a chemical molecular weight of 37,863, in agreement with the observed molecular weight (37,869.2 +/- 8.8) determined from its electrospray ionization mass spectrum. The sequence of the enzyme is very different from those of mammalian TGases represented by guinea pig liver enzyme. The enzyme contains a sole Cys residue, which is essential for its catalytic activity. Hydropathy analysis indicated that the secondary structure of the region around the active site Cys residue is similar to those of mammalian TGases. These results suggest that this microbial protein evolved by a different pathway from that of mammalian TGases and acquired acyl transfer activity during the evolutional process.
Published: 1993
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33. A model for bit error rate degradation during media thermal decay

Author: Hong Zhou, H. Ide, Peng Luo, N. Bertram, and Zhen Jin
Subjects: Physics, Signal-to-noise ratio, Acoustical engineering, Noise spectral density, Bit error rate, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Signal, Noise (electronics), Grain size, Computer Science::Information Theory, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Degradation (telecommunications), Computational physics
Abstract: A model is presented which relates medium grain size to the system BER degradation caused by media thermal decay. A simple model is used to calculate the magnetization and playback signal decay specifically focusing on grain size distributions. These results are utilized to determine signal to noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) over a 10-year period for a recording density near 50 Gbit/in/sup 2/. In our calculation, both DC and transition noise are included. Typically, the DC noise increases more rapidly with storage time than the transition noise decreases. Because of the trade off between DC and transition noise, the relation between BER and SNR is complicated.
Published: 2001
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34. ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Anti-Allergic Agents. Part 1. 1,2,3-Trisubstituted-2-propen- 1-one Derivatives, 3,4-Disubstituted-4-oxo-2-butenoic Acids, and Related Compounds

Author: Shiroh Futaki, Tadashi Akita, H. Hirao, H. Kawanishi, T. Fujita, K. Kitagawa, H. Ide, S. Inoue, and Y. Iwasaki
Subjects: 2 Butenoic Acids, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Triazole derivatives, Organic chemistry, General Medicine, Anti-Allergic Agents
Published: 2010
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35. An Approach to Vehicle Pull Using a Tire Finite Element Model

Author: H. Murakoshi, S. Nishihata, and H. Ide
Subjects: Engineering, Self aligning torque, Polymers and Plastics, Circle of forces, Mechanics of Materials, business.industry, Automotive Engineering, Tire balance, Structural engineering, Tread, business, Finite element method, Slip (vehicle dynamics)
Abstract: A vehicle sometimes drifts in a straight lane. This is caused by wind, road contour, suspension alignment, and tire properties. In this paper, characteristic tire properties which affect vehicle pull are defined and analyzed by the finite element method. The effect of tire construction and tread pattern on these characteristics are discussed.
Published: 1992
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36. Effect of naloxone on focal cerebral ischemia in cats

Author: M Hayashi, H Kobayashi, and H Ide
Subjects: Male, business.operation, Ischemia, Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, (+)-Naloxone, Brain Ischemia, medicine.artery, Occlusion, Animals, Medicine, Cerebral Cortex, Naloxone, business.industry, Narcotic antagonist, Cerebral Infarction, General Medicine, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, medicine.disease, Oxygen, Cerebral blood flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Anesthesia, Middle cerebral artery, Cats, Female, Surgery, Endorphins, Neurology (clinical), Energy Metabolism, business, Transorbital, Blood Flow Velocity
Abstract: We have examined the effects of a single injection of naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.v.) in cats with cerebral ischemia produced by transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) was estimated based on measurements of arteriovenous (A-V) oxygen difference. Six cats were treated with naloxone 30 minutes after occlusion and 8 were treated 2 hours after occlusion. In 6 control animals, naloxone produced a 10-15% increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), CBF and CMRO2 lasting 30 minutes. MCA occlusion reduced CBF by 70-75% in the ipsilateral MCA territory and by 15% in the contralateral hemisphere. Naloxone increased CBF by 3.5-6% in the ischemic region and 10-22% in the contralateral hemisphere in both treatment groups to the same extent as seen in control animals. There was no significant change in A-V oxygen difference and the estimated increase in CMRO2 of non-ischemic regions of both treatment groups was similar to that of control animals. These effects were transient and lasted 15-60 minutes. We have concluded that naloxone caused a transient increase in cerebral metabolism which equals or exceeds the corresponding increase in CBF. Therefore, naloxone would not be beneficial, and may be detrimental in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Published: 1992
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37. Effects of Tire Cavity Resonance on Vehicle Road Noise

Author: H. Morimura, H. Ide, and T. Sakata
Subjects: Vibration, Cavity resonance, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Mechanics of Materials, Acoustics, Automotive Engineering, Mode (statistics), Resonance, Finite element method, Excitation, Noise (radio)
Abstract: One of the major factors in road-induced noise in a vehicle is the vibration characteristics of its tires. The effects of tire cavity resonance are clarified in this paper by a mathematical approach to the excitation and by road tests. Peaks of road noise due to cavity resonance in automobile tires exist at frequencies between 230 and 300 Hz. The major peak is at the first mode of cavity resonance in the circumferential direction and is not affected by the cross-sectional shape of the tire. The noise is affected by only the first mode of cavity resonance. Therefore, by using countermeasures to this resonance, the road noise can be reduced.
Published: 1990
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38. Possibility of ECGs to improve reliability of detection system of inclining sleep stages by grouped a waves

Author: H. Ide, Y. Yazu, N. Daimon, Satoki P. Ninomija, and Mariko Funada
Subjects: Sleep Stages, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Physical therapy, medicine, Pattern recognition, Spectral analysis, Sleep (system call), Artificial intelligence, business, Reliability (statistics)
Published: 2005
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39. Automatic tuning of ADSL circuits

Author: H. Ide, M. Matsuno, T. Ito, Shoichiro Nakai, and M. Morimitsu
Subjects: business.product_category, Asymmetric digital subscriber line, 1-Meg Modem, Computer science, business.industry, Quality of service, Digital subscriber line, Internet access, The Internet, ADSL loop extender, business, Telecommunications, Electronic circuit, Computer network
Abstract: The number of ADSL users in Japan has been rapidly increasing, as ADSL can offer high-speed Internet access for a relatively cheap price. ADSL requires a link to be established between the ATU-C (ADSL terminating unit - center) and ATU-R (ADSL terminating unit - remote) before communications can begin, and its links often go down in noisy circumstances affected by the power of home appliances AM radio transmission and so on. Users tend to complain about the quality of ADSL service to the provider by phone, and having to deal with a large number of calls naturally affects business operations. This paper introduces an ADSL integrated management system (DSL-IMS) that can automatically tune the ADSL circuit according to each user's environment and stabilize the circuit while maintaining a high data rate. According to the operational result in the real field, DSL-IMS could stabilize the average 97% of the new registration circuits automatically and it could also reduce approximately 45% of operational cost per a circuit. The paper also describes our approach of using DSL-IMS with which we provide ADSL service to more than 1.7 million subscribers.
Published: 2005
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40. Media noise characteristics in high density recording in anti-ferromagnetically coupled media

Author: H. Ide, H. Kataoka, and S. Narishige
Subjects: Physics, Magnetic stability, Condensed matter physics, High density, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Noise (radio)
Abstract: In this paper we study about the antiferromagnetically coupled media (AFC) were developed as suitable for high density recording in terms of magnetic stability.
Published: 2004
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41. Symposia

Author: Christoph Correll, Stanley P. Kutcher, John McClellan, Jan Buitelaar, Elizabeth Pappadopulos, Aribert Rothenberger, Fritz Mattejat, Stephen Scott, John Weisz, Eberhard Schulz, Wilhelm Felder, Christian Fleischhaker, R. Böhme, B. Sixt, Rutger Jan van der Gaag, Laurence Y. Katz, Brian J. Cox, Shiny Gunasekara, Alec L. Miller, Nathaniel Laor, Peter Riedesser, Ernesto Caffo, James Leckman, Massimo Ammaniti, Giampaolo Nicolais, Mario Speranza, Hans Steiner, Laura Delizonna, Astrid Schallauer, Margo Thienemann, Alexander C. McFarlane, Miranda van Hooff, Michael Sawyer, Carlo Cianchetti, Naoufel Gaddour, Mokni Sana, Mechri Anouar, Letaief Mondher, Gaha Lotfi, Fabian Härtling, Robert Bittner, Corinna Haenschel, Marcus Cap, Tanja Goncharova, David E. J. Linden, Ralf Dittmann, Anneliese Maestele, Claudia Mehler, Eberhard Meyer, Jack A. Jenner, Leonie Boeing, Val Murray, Anthony Pelosi, Robert McCabe, Douglas Blackwood, Robert Wrate, S. Pellerano, M. Pintor, G. L. Mellis, T. Piroddi, Alan Flisher, Monique Nesa, Rosanna Rooney, Clare Roberts, Robert Kane, Sven Silburn, Lisbeth Pike, Helge Staby Deaton, Stuart Lustig, Michelle Funk, Anne Rickards, Dinah Reddihough, Roslyn Wright-Rossi, Jacqui Simpson, Dieter David Seuthe, H. Vielhaber, Kinderklinik Dritter Orden, H. Backmund, M. Gerlinghoff, Mary Schwab-Stone, Ine Jespers, Robert Vermeiren, Vladislav Ruchkin, Marek Blatny, Michal Hrdlicka, Tomas Urbanek, Martin Jelinek, Veronika Balastikova, Philippe Jeammet, Alain Frottin, Andjelka Filipovic, Eric Albert, Dora Musetti Schelotto, Mladen Knezevic, Milivoj Jovancevic, Jonathan Hill, Maria Lawlor, Christian Kienbacher, Carolin Prause, Margit Stöckl, Gertrude Bogyi, Max H. Friedrich, Michael Klein, Katrin Kürschner, Lynne Murray, Victoria Leidecker, Helen Sharp, Ilona Luoma, Pälvi Kaukonen, Tuula Tamminen, Barry Nurcombe, Graham Martin, Brett McDermott, Franz Resch, Benno Graf Schimmelman, Jane Edwards, Patrick D. McGorry, Martin Lambert, Philippe Conus, Ulrich Preuss, Dieter Bürgin, Monika Strauss, Peter Parzer, Georg Spiel, C. von Korff, H.-A. Ballin, R. Gößler, M. Günter, G. Sange, Heiner Meng, Eginhard Koch, Klaus Minde, Mary True, L. Pisani, F. Oumar, J. Padilla, Jean-François Bouville, Wendy Vogel, Klaus Schmeck, Kirstin Goth, Diane Purper-Ouakil, Véronique Dessons, Catherine Doyen, Fernando Perez-Diaz, Marie-Christine Mouren-Simeoni, Andreas Karwautz, Gudrun Wagner, Klaus Schwienbacher, Maria Haidvogl, Gerald Nobis, Janet Linda Treasure, David Andrew Collier, Romuald Brunner, A. Hueg, Johann Haffner, Marc Schmid, Lutz Goldbeck, Jakob Nützel, Volkmar Höfling, Karin Schermelleh-Engel, Helfried Moosbrugger, Josep Tomàs, Josep Cornellà, Alex Llusent, Anna Bielsa, Myron Belfer, Brian Robertson, Custodia Mandlhate, Birama Seck, Barbara Zwirs, Huib Burger, Tom Schulpen, A. Karem Salman Al-Obedy, Oleh Romanchuk, Irena Namyslowska, Björn S. Reigstad, Kirsti Margrethe Jorgensen, Walter Matthys, John Lochman, Marjo Zonnevylle-Bender, Nicolle van de Wiel, Angela Wagner, Christine Jennen-Steinmetz, Christopher Goepel, Irene van Bokhoven, Stephanie van Goozen, L. Patt Franciosi, Leode Graaf Acquoy, Anne Tischlinger, B. Pharm, Knut Halyard Bronder, Kari Schleimer, Joachim Walter, Boia Ephraime, Tatjana Dmitrieva, Alvaro Seligman Silva, Katja Becker, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, C. Winkler Metzke, Erikson F. Furtado, Manfred Laucht, Oliver Bilke, Petra Zimmermann, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Roselind Lieb, Helga Hannesdottir, Thorarinn Tyrfingsson, Manfred Döpfner, Kurt Hahlweg, Annett Kuschel, Heike Bertram, Nina Heinrichs, Inez Freund-Braier, Gabriele Brix, Christopher Hautmann, Julia Pluck, Alfons Crijnen, Pol van Lier, Patricia Vuijk, Reiner Frank, Inger Helene Vandvik, Rainer Schäfert, Jeanne van Weel, Jan Schieveld, Jörg M. Fegert, William Friedrich, Smadar Celestin-Westreich, Leon Patrice Celestin, Ingrid Ponjaert-Kristoffersen, Keizo Nagao, M. Kisida, E. Shindo, Helmer Baying Larsen, Karin Helweg-Larsen, Ramón Lindauer, Jan Booij, Miranda Olff, Gerard den Heeten, Berthold Gersons, Frits Boer, Eric Schoentjes, Sarah Bal, Michael Schulte-Markwort, Tytti Solantaus, Sini Toikka, Maarit Alasuutari, Barbara Steck, Andrea Grether, M. Ehrensperger, Felix Amsler, L. Kappos, Rina Saha, Bela Paschen, Christiane Baldus, Miriam Haagen, Martina Pott, Georg Romer, Yoshiro Ono, H. Homma, Y. Ishida, H. Ide, M. Okamoto, S. Kameoka, Hiroshi Nakayama, A. Yamamoto, Nahit Motavalli Mukaddes, Sam Tyano, Tamar Mozes, R. Caplan, Savita Malhotra, Maria Giuseppina Ledda, Al Fratta, S. Mannino, Simona Corona, A. Zuddas, Macarena Marin Olalla, Ruth Garcia, Bernardo Perez Ramirez, Ross Campion, Peter Hindley, Nitin Gupta, Anish Bhattacharaya, Mehak Kapoor, G. van de Willge, Silke Klemm, S. Smesny, M. Stockebrand, S. Grunwald, Femmie Juffer, Marinus H. van Ijzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Ute Ziegenhain, B. Derksen, R. Dreisörner, Daniel Gutschner, Martin Maldonado-Duran, Manuel Ferndndez-Criado, Felicia Heidenreich, Marie Rose Moro, Charles Millhuff, Kirby Pope, Frank Theisen, Hubertus Himmerich, T. Kraus, A. Schuld, T. Pollmächter, Alan Apter, D. Gothelf, A. Brand-Gothelf, Gidi Ratzoni, L. Kikinzon, A. Weizman, Yuval Bloch, Michael Haberhausen, Daniel Müller, John Fayyad, Altino Bessa Marques Filho, Adolfo Bezerra de Menezes, John Campo, Sheree Shafer, Jennifer Strohm, Amanda Lucas, David Shaeffer, Harold Altman, Christine Gelachek, Naoyasu Motomura, Yozo Takino, Masahiro Iwakiri, Patrick Pössel, Simone Seemann, Martin Hautzinger, Theodore Mutale, Christian Haase, Majid Ali Abidi, Shehla Raheem, Leyla Faw, Aaron Hogue, Howard Liddle, Kirsten Catthoor, Joost Hutsebaut, Donald Jasinski, Douglas Faries, Rodney Moore, Annette Streeck-Fischer, Renate Sannwald, Gottfried Maria Barth, Christoph Schwarz, Monika Staigle, Manh-Hiep Pham, Dario Balanzin, Joelle Materi, Pia Eresund, Alexander Mokhovikov, Sandra Stankovic, Kerim Munir, Nese Erol, Füsun Çuhadarodlu Çetin, Angela Hassiotis, Martine Flament, Michael Scholz, Maud Rix, Franziska Nestler, Annegret Selisko, Nathalie Godart, Fabienne Perdereau, Zoé Rein, Florence Curt, Jane Akister, Pei-Chin Peggy Lee, Sho-Man Susan Tsai, Lai-Shiun Ho, Su-Chun Wu, Jacques Miermont, Joel Swenson, Mardjane Teherani, Bruno Falissard, Jean Cottraux, Julia Plück, Robert Oades, Mirjam Simons-Sprong, P. F. Schothorst, J. T. Swaab-Barneveld, Stephanie Juran, Matthias Weisbrod, Eric Chen, Bernd Röpcke, Smiljka Popovic-Deusic, Luise Poustka, Nele Wild-Wall, Mechthilde Papousek, Mirelle Keren, Ruth Feldman, S. Maestro, A. Chilosi, C. Pecini, L. Pfanner, Laurence Greenhill, K. Jahnsen, L. T. W. Jong-van den Berg, J. M. Zito, Kelly Posner, Anne Skrobala, Pablo Goldberg, Lisa Kotler, Robert Findling, Regina Bussing, Kapil Sayal, Geoffrey Mitchell, Michael Huss, Barbara Högl, Renate Grimmlinger, Karl Christoph Käppler, Maycoln M. L. Teodoro, Sylvia Hiromi Oswald, Janine M. Dagnoni, M. I. Pinheiro, C. T. Heleno, R. Rothe-Neves, V. G. Haase, A. Del Prette, Marimilia Rodrigues Lambertucci, J. L. Rodrigues, P. M. Freitas, C. A. P. Lourenco, H. C. W. Carvalho, J. Baumeister, M. Weisenhorn, S. Stadelmann, S. H. Oswald, H. Ruder, Ciro Ruggerini, Stefania Vicini, Enrico Pupulin, Antonio Guidi, Kaija Puura, Mirjami Mäntymaa, Kai von Klitzing, Orna Rosvald, Hans-Ludwig Kröber, A. Stöver, R. Proske, Rainer Semmelbeck, Marc Walther, Matthias Schmelzle, Monika Egli-Alge, Richard Beckett, Constanze Gerhold, Lieselotte Turkmen-Barta, Colette Chiland, Heino Meyer-Bahlburg, Domenico Di Ceglie, Ulrike Lehmkuhl, Orlando Uccellini, Mario Bertolini, Francesca Neri, Delia Albanese, Raffaella Bertola, Maartje Snoek, Martien Kas, Ulrike Margarete Elisabeth Schulze, Silke Calame, Ferdinand Keller, Stephanie Santel, Kerstin Krauel, Michael Rotte, Thomas F. Münte, Annemarie van Elburg, Fritz Poustka, Sven Bölte, Sabine Feineis-Matthews, Sven Boite, D. Hubl, D. Prvulovic, T. Dierks, Sabine Klauck, Irma Moilanen, M. Mattila, J. Laurila, K. Jussila, A. Pyper, S. L. Linna, Hanna Ebeling, D. Pauls, Pirjo Korpilahti, Soile Loukusa, Eira Jansson-Verkasalo, Johannes Hebebrand, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Anke Hinney, Anne-Kathrin Wermter, Susann Friedel, Frank Geller, Helmut Schafer, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Joanna Holliday, Kristian Holtkamp, C. Mika, M. Heer, Rudolf Uher, Nicole Barbarich, Shannan E. Henry, Ursula Bailer, Guido Frank, Walter H. Kaye, Elisabet Wentz, J. Hubert Lacey, Glenn Waller, Maria Rastam, Jeremy Turk, Christopher Gillberg, Frank C. Verhulst, Marieke Zwaanswijk, Peter Verhaak, Jozien Bensing, Jan van der Ende, Frank Verhulst, Andre Sourander, Paivi Santalahti, Tamsin Ford, Robert Goodman, Howard Meltzer, Inge Seiffge-Krenke, Richard Fritsch, Marika Cutler, E. James Anthony, Per-Anders Rydelius, Rolf Castell, Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic, Miroslav Pavlovic, Noa Kalman, Muli Linder, Ido Luria, Yechiel Levkovitz, Kosuke Yamazaki, Pedro Caldeira da Silva, Grata Santos, Filipa Martins, Yen-Nan Chiu, Wen-Jer Tsai, Shur-Fen Gau, Chang-Chang Tseng, Shu-Chen Su, Jan Croonenberghs, Lucas Brouw, Annick Wauters, Nicole Bruning, Zina Manjaly, Gereon Fink, Olivera Aleksic, Nenad Rudic, Lucres Jansen, Christine C. Gispen-De Wied, Bertine Lahuis, Hanna Swaab, Jolijn Pietersen, Carolien Gevers, Inge Kamp-Becker, Isabell Germerott, Patricia Howlin, null Gaudière, Barbara Forresi, G. Lepri, Soumaila Laval, Andreas Wiefel, Z. Biringen, Karl Titze, K. Lenz, C. Seither, B. Witte, Marguerite Dunitz-Scheer, Markus Wilken, Alexandra Krasnovsky, Peter Scheer, Maria Cordeiro, Filippo Muratori, B. Felloni, A. Cesari, Linda Helmig, Peter Fonagy, Chris Moody, Jim Fultz, René Glanzmann, Nathalie Lutz-Latil, Agnes van Wyl, Dainius Puras, Amaia Hervds, John Tsiantis, T. Dragonas, H. Davis, V. Ispanovic, A. Paradisiotou, Mimoza Shanini, Lynne Jones, A. Uka, A. Rrustemi, Anne-Liis von Knorring, Dirk Deboutte, Souraya Dorhmi, Mohamed Agoub, Driss Moussaoui, Omar Battas, Inger Halvorsen, Anne Andersen, Sonja Heyerdahl, Denise Baillot, Michele La Roche, Claudia Furino, Annick Buchholtz, Gary Goldfield, Katherine Henderson, Ulrich Hagenah, Varinja Blume, Marlene Flacke-Redanz, Beate Herpertz Dahlmann, Angelique A. Sallas, Hubertus Adam, null Mozambique, Aferdita Goci-Uka, Susanne Schlüter-Müller, Umesh Bawa, Fakhri Khalik, Nima Forouher, Miyuki Sadamatsu, null Nanba, Nobumasa Kato, Kiyoto Kasai, Eiji Nanba, Martin H. Schmidt, Günter Esser, Herman van Engeland, Sophie Willemsen-Swinkels, Claudine Dietz, Anne Claire Beernink, Oliver Vidojevic, Ivona Milacic, Rael Strous, Roni Hegesh, Simion Kertzman, Z. Ben-Nahum, Moshe Kotler, Emma van Daalen, Mijke Zeegers, Hilleke Hulshoff Pol, Charles Williams, Jessica Sank, Martha Paulk, George Schwarz, Paul Wharton, Marija Raleva, Kamka Paketchieva, Angelina Filipovska, Carole Müller Nix, Margarita Forcada Guex, Abdel-Mohsen Daigham, Marit S. Indredavik, Torstein Vik, Siri Kulseng, Ann-Mari Brubakk, Marion Cuddy, Katharine Riley, Brigitte Vollmer, John Wyatt, Robin Murray, Mika Soininen, E. Juulia Paavonen, Mika Fjällberg, Juha Salmi, Almgvist Fredrik, Eeva T. Aronen, Olaf Reis, Stephanie P. Bohne, Susanne Kraenz, Dong-Hyun Ahn, Tae-Ho Kim, Jun-Ho Choi, Yun-Young Kim, Ivan Begovac, Milena Skocic, Vlasta Rudan, Oleg Filipovic, Tomasz Wolanczyk, Anita Brynska, Stanislaw Wojtowicz, Salvador Celia, Cisca Aerts, Elisabeth Cleve, Hellmut Hartmann, Hans-Jürgen Kühle, Fridjof Heidorn, Solveigh Zeyer, Joaquin Fuentes, Andrés Martin, Denis G. Sukhodolsky, Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino, Matti Rimpelä, Henrik Andershed, Deborah O’Donnell, Michelle Pearce, Dieter Burgin, Andreas Becker, Nicola Hagenberg, Matthias Berking, Veit Roessner, Ketil Hanssen-Bauer, Odd Aalen, Jürgen Junglas, Yoon-Seok Huh, Yun Young Kim, Kyung-Ja Oh, Kai Wang, Michael Tarren-Sweeney, D. M. Leiblum, Renate Kühl, Cornelia Nötzel, Ernst Pfeiffer, Klaus Lenz, Agneta Rosling, Marianne Poller, Donna Cross, Simone Klabin, Diana Kaplan, Lars Mickel, Gerd Lehmkuhl, Regina Möckel, Shani Leor, Leor Frisch, Amos Frisch, Abraham Weizman, Andrey Zanozin, Sylvie Jamart, Jean-Yves Hayez, Agnes Leor, Maria Elisabeth Ahle, Galit Ben Amitay, Irene Kosov, Ahuva Reiss, Moses Tamar, Hans Smedje, Hiie Allik, Jean Steyaert, Dries Castermans, John Creemers, Koenraad Devriendt Marta Kaczynska-Haladyj, Maria Claustre Jané Ballabriga, Joaquima Judez, Empar Pelaez, Pilar Sole, Lidia Rodriguez, Saskia Palmen, Chantal Kemner, Hugo Schnack, Rene Kahn, Anna Fabrizi, Levi Gabriel, Marcos Mercadante, Sergiode Paula Ramos, Maria Concecao Rosario-Campos, Michael Rutter, Stephan Collishaw, Barbara Maughan, Andrew Pickles, Julie Messer, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie Moffitt, Jana Kreppner, Anne Inger H. Borge, Suniya Luthar, Stephanie Hamarman, C. Ulger, J. Fossella, M. Brimacombe, J. Dermody, Mark Stein, L. D. Waldman, C. Sarampote, A. Robb, E. H. Cook, Aiveen Kirley, N. Lowe, Z. Hawi, C. Mullins, G. Daly, I. Waldman, M. McCarro, null O’Donell, Emma van der Meulen, S. C. Bakker, D. L. Pauls, R. J. Sinke, Guilherme Polanczyk, C. Zeni, J. P. Genro, Tatiana Roman, Mara Hutz, Christa Schaff, Patrick Haemmerle, Harald Sontag, Agnes Vetro, Julia Gadoros, Gotthard Roosen-Runge, Jocelyn Hattab, Peter Hummel, Orna Braun-Lewensohn, Daniel Schechter, Charles Zeanah, Michael Myers, Michael Liebowitz, Mark Davies, Wei-Tsuen Soong, Deborah James, Nick Sofroniou, Marine Gegelashvili, Umesh Parikh, John M. Kane, Anil K. Malhotra, Manoj Shah, Richard R. Pleak, Ronen Hizami, David Michelson, Marina Danckaerts, Alessandro Zuddas, Shuyu Zhang, Philip Hazell, P. Zeiner, M. Johnson, Frank Häßler, Prasad Suyash, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Lynne Poole, Sarah Mares, Jon Jureidini, Zachary Steel, Louise Newman, Torsten Lucas, Stephanie Paulus, Martin Aßhauer, Birgit Miller, Gunilla Jarkman Björn, Christina Bodén, Per Gustafsson, Viola Povse Ivkic, Lazar Tenjovic, Radosavljev Jelena, Smiljka Popovic Deusic, Philip Graham, Henrikje Klasen, Jacinta Tan, Tony Hope, Anne Stewart, Raymond Fitzpatrick, Michael Kölch, Angeles Diaz-Caneja, Sonia Johnson, Ines Dippold, Katja Wiethoffi Ferdinand Keller, Sue Bailey, Nathan Whittle, Klaus Hennighausen, Gregor Kohls, Verena Maas, Tanja Rinker, Swantje Zachau, Gabriele Christmann, Anna Jaremkiewicz, Michael Schecker, Waldemar von Suchodoletz, Ruth Uwer, Ronald Albrecht, Lisa Glass, Valéria Csépe, Ferenc Honbology, Anett Rago, Eva Mészdros, Richard G. Schwartz, Valerie L. Shafer, Jonathan Green, C. Jacobs, L. Kroll, J. Briskman, G. Dunn, J. Beecham, B. Tobias, L. Baird, Terje Ogden, Michael Fitzgerald, Mark Bellgrove, Michael Gill, Ian H. Robertson, Paul McArdle, Amanda Burke, K. Michael Hong, Christina Hoven, Danuta Wasserman, Katharina Braun, Jórg Bock, Carina Helmecke, Michael Gruß, Gerd Poeggel, Charles Marsden, S. Muchimapura, M.-C. Pardon, M. Bianchi, Joram Feldon, Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen, Andrea C. Dettling, Christopher R. Pryce, Hans-Willi Clement, O. Sommer, A. Pschibul, C. Rombach, M. Gerlach, Claudia Mehler-Wex, S. Zeiske, E. Grünblatt, G. Gille, D. Rausch, Manfred Gerlach, Amira Seif El-Din, Nadia Kadri, Houda Hjiej Andaloussi, Khadija Chihabeddine, Mohammed Almaqrami, Alexander von Gontard, M. Okuno, Kurt Quaschner, Niels Bilenberg, Carsten Obel, Tine Brink Henriksen, Morten Hedegaard, Niels Jurgen Secher, Jorn Olsen, Antonio Fonseca, Isabelle Nathalie Koch, Ieva Bite, Phyllis Cohen, Katrin Russell, Nichaela Broyden, Gillian Lancaster, Christina Eichhorn, Karola Tiedtke, Ronald Feldman, Andreas Warnke, Peter Scheuerpflug, V. Vetter, Jürgen Bartling, Kerstin Konrad, Susanne Neufang, Charlotte Hanisch, Gereon R. Fink, Sarah Durston, Matthew C. Davidson, Nim Tottenham, Julie Spicer, Adriana Galvan, John Horvitz, John A. Fossella, Richard Watts, B. J. Casey, Daniel Brandeis, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Jürgen Seifert, W. K. Strik, K. E. Zillessen, Martin J. Herrmann, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Heikki Lyytinen, Tomi Guttorm, Anna-Maija Poikkeus, Kenneth M. Eklund, Paula Lyytinen, Minna Torppa, M.-L. Laakso, E. Leskinen, A. Tolvanen, Silvia Paracchini, J. Schumacher, I. R. König, Claudia Libertus, Heide Griesemann, A. Kleensang, A. Ziegler, P. Propping, M. Näthen, Leo Wolmer, Iyad Zagout, Esti Galili-Weisstub, Gene Fisch, Ann Swillen, Annick Vogels, Christine Freitag, Jean-Francois Bouville, Laetitia Atlanti-Duault, Thierry Baubet, Robyn Osrow, Marie-Madeleine Leplomb, Yves Marchandy, Malika Bennabi, Ricardo Halpern, Odon Monteiro, Abbey-Robin Durkin, Rudy Haapanen, Susanne Bauer, Max Friedrich, Christina Stadler, Philipp Sterzer, Andreas Kleinschmidt, Irene Nowraty, W. E. Müller, Ulrich Knölker, Gabriele Schmid, Swantje Berndt, B. Behn, Jan Hendrik Puls, Luc Stevens, Joachim Jungmann, Zoran Juretic, Nela Ercegovic, Renate Schepker, Füsun Çuhadaroglu-Çetin, G. Herhaus, S. Melfsen, Daomeng Cheng, Donald Harder, Harry Laws, Yoshibumi Nakane, Kenzo Takeshita, Hiroshi Naruse, Yan Zhu, Jun Liu, Yasong Du, John Sikorski, Sannie Hamerlynck, Lisettet Hart, Lucres Nauta-Janssen, Prathiba Chitsabesan, Hien Nguyen, Jovan Simeon, Cathy Cuzner, Howard Schachter, Ana Soledade Martins, Chirstian Kieling, Julia Comassetto, Renata Goncalves, Silvia Oswald, Johannes Buchmann, J. Kirschner, M. Garvey, Gunther Moll, Hartmut Heinrich, Sameer Malhotra, Zeffie Poulakis, Sam Menahem, Karin Sauer, Tilouch Samia, Hannachi Rimeh, Missaoui Sonia, Mara Westling Allodi, Monica Biscaldi, Bettina Wagner, Chiyoko Uchida, Thomas Jozefiak, Roberta Penge, Valentina Ivancich Biaggini, Siv Fischbein, Matti Joukamaa, Anja Taanila, Juha Veijola, Juha T. Karvonen, Jouko Miettunen, Edelmira Domenech Llaberia, Teresa Corbella Domenech, Maria Claustre Jane Ballabriga, Josepa Canals Sanz, Griselda Esparo, Sergi Ballespi Sola, Xuejun Liu, Yukiko Kano, Masataka Ohta, Yoko Nagai, Takashi Arai, Su Linyan, Jeff Bridge, Boris Birmaher, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Satish Iyengar, David Brent, Bernhard Blanz, Laura Weninger, Gerhard Libal, Anna Skrabal, Michael Bowden, Howard Cooper, Inger Simonsen, Carl Bechstrom, Mette Medby, Ritva Erkolahti, Gunther Klosinski, Mihoko Oba, Satomi Murase, Takashi Murakami, Jiro Takai, Hitoshi Kaneko, Shuji Honjo, Katrina Rickards, Annhild Weber, Michael Karle, Alain Lazartigues, Pascale Planche, Eric Lemonnier, Mani Pavuluri, Lindsay Schenkel, Ryan Shaw, John Sweeny, Giancarlo Rigon, Stefano Costa, Alessandra Mancaruso, Roberta Mansi, Daniele Giovanni Poggioli, Simona Chiodo, Maja Radobuljac, Urban Groleger, Nada Ovsenik, Martina Tomori, Barbara Haas, Susanne Denoix, Franz Kimmig, Marc Weinhardt, Günter Schmitz, Berit Filschke, Conny Fliegauf, Ji-Hae Kim, Maya Krischer, Michael H. Stone, Kathrin Sevecke, Manfred Doepfner, Cornelia König, Dörte Grasmann, Michael Schlander, Stephen Ralston, R. Rodrigues Pereira, W. Brussel, L. Vlasveld, H. G. Tuynman-Qua, M. J. Lorenzo, R. Tauscher-Wisniewski, Stefano Palazzi, Ettore Guaia, Artur Kolakowski, Agnieszka Pisula, Timothy Wilens, Tobias Banaschewski, Henrik Uebel, Björn Albrecht, Monika Robatzek, Kristen Migliaccio-Walle, Jaime Caro, Albert J. Allen, R. Bart Sangal, Judith Owens, Douglas Kelsey, Virginia Sutton, Kory Schuh, Aliye Tugba Bahadir, Zeynep Yaman, Ayse Rodopman Arman, Kemal Kuscu, Yanki Yazgan, Meral Berkem, Peter Feldman, Milton Denai, Alexander Simpson, Christopher Kratochvil, Jeffrey Newcorn, Joseph Biederman, Douglas Gelowitz, Christine Thomason, Haitao Gao, Patricia Bijttebier, Steff Decoene, Pia Niklaus, Nils Duits, Ulrich Auer, Kathleen Schnoor, Detlef Schläfke, Füsun Çuhadaroälu Çetin, Gordon Harper, Sami Hamdan, Muhammed El-Haib, Saynur Canat, Olivier Halfon, Monique Bolognini, B. Plancherel, Olivier Phan, Maurice Corcos, Jean-René Cardinaux, Pierre J. Magistretti, Blaise Pierrehumbert, Minna Koskinen, Ulf Engqvist, Matthew Allin, Larry Rifkin, Sandra Lancaster, Ayala Borghini, Laure Jaugey, Margarita Forcada-Guex, Lyne Jaunin, Carole Müller-Nix, François Ansermet, Mariada Conceicao Taborda Simoes, Luiza Nobre Lima, Mariada Luz Vale Dias, Rainer Georg Siefen, Ariel Como, Valbona Alikaj, Sonila Tomori, Flavia Capozzi, Angela Romano, Mara Roello, Francesca Piperno, Mali A. Mann, Dieter Stösser, Gottfried Barth, Alina Pimenov, Jenny Schwab, Hülya Bingöl, Rémy Barbe, Heba Elkshishy, Ana Jovanovic, Aneta Lakic, Vesna Milovanovic, Milorad Vukasinovic, Jeffrey Bridge, David Kolko, David A. Brent, Kathryn Gilson, Roslyn Montague, Ian Shochet, Cristina Maria Ribeiro Marques, Teresa Cepeda, Carolin Ligges, Marc Ligges, Ralph Huonker, Paavo Leppänen, Torni K. Guttorm, Jarmo Hämäläinen, Anne Puolakanaho, Ellen Plume, Inke R. König, Wolfgang Deimel, Markus M. Nöthen, Peter Propping, André Kleensang, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Andreas Ziegler, Sung-Do David Hong, Xueping Gao, Xuerong Li, Soyoung Irene Lee, Eui-Jung Kim, In-Hee Cho, Ji-Hoon Kim, Se-Hyun Park, J-Wook Choi, Steffen Heger, Andreas Schreiner, Klaus Rettig, Rossella Medori, Peik Gustafsson, Kjell Hansson, Lena Eidevall, Gunilla Thernlund, Philip Heiser, A. Dempfle, Judith Smidt, Justyna Grabarkiewicz, Hans Kiefl, U. Hemminger, K. Saar, James Swanson, Nora D. Volkov, S. Gupta, L. Williams, D. Agler, M. Wasdell, S. Wigal, Silvia Martins, Silza Tramontina, Mariana Eizirik, Benedetto Vitiello, Walter Clevenger, Stephen Faraone, James McGough, James McCracken, Luis Augusto Rohde, Larry Greenhill, Michael Leary, Bo Larsson, W. Boudewijn Gunning, Jean-Marie Villat, Redmond O’Connell, Mark A. Bellgrove, Paul Dockree, Raymond Traube, Mary Braunschweig, Jacques Chabanier, Germana De Leo, Margerita Ibanez, Olivette Mikolajaks, Ida Ropstad, J. Gerald Young, Rachele Aiello, Viviana Porcari, Maria Patrizia Salatiello, Anna Lo Bue, Valentina Dell’Oglio, Rosaria Cardella, Sabrina Chifari, Anne Mari Undheim, Linyan Su, Xuerong Luo, Joanne Barton, Lioba Baying, Thomas Rellum, Emrah Duezel, Hermann Hinrichs, Christoph Bartel, Iris Linde, E. Friederichs, Mark Bangs, Helmut Remschmidt, Theodore Doreleijers, Elisabeth Rebernig, Giovanni Battista Camerini, Soraya Otero, Ana Rivas, Guadalupe Pombo, Maruke Yeghiyan, Gasparyan Kachatur, Arman Danileyan, Tord Ivarsson, Robert Valderhaug, Susanne Walitza, Christoph Wewetzer, Nikolaus Barth, F. Hahn, Fernando Asbahr, Ana Regina Castillo, Ligia Ito, Mariado Rosario Latorre, Michelle Moreira, Francisco Lotufo-Neto, Sophie Symann, Dominique Charlier, Belinda Plattner, Astrid Elisabeth Schallauer, Beat Mohler, P. Staub, Carsten Müller, Rieke Oelkers-Ax, Jochen Fischer, Uta Hermanns, Anne Nickel, Hans Volker Bolay, Miguel Cherro-Aguerre, Merete Juul Sorensen, Judith Becker Nissen, Ole Mors, Per Hove Thomsen, Anne Mari Sund, May Britt Drugli, Lars Wichstrom, Matthias Schwannauer, Emily Taylor, Rob Wrate, Matthias Martin, Jan-Olov Larsson, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Andrea G. Ludolph, Felix Mottaghy, Susanne Kraemer, Dieter Claus, Bernhard Krause, Jbrg M. Fegert, Tuula Hurtig, Anna Malakhova, Katerina Maniadaki, Efthymios Kakouros, Peter Jensen, Joe Albert Garcia, Sherry Glied, Maura Crowe, E. Michael Foster, Bernard Golse, Jenny Junghanß, Aino-Maija Salin, Päivi Rytölä, and Pauliina Hiltunen
Published: 2004
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42. A balance-fed loop antenna system for handsets

Author: Z. Tanaka, H. Ide, H. Furuuchi, Hisashi Morishita, and Kyohei Fujimoto
Subjects: Engineering, Coaxial antenna, business.industry, Loop antenna, Antenna measurement, Electronic engineering, Antenna factor, Antenna (radio), business, Monopole antenna, Computer Science::Information Theory, Antenna efficiency, Periscope antenna
Abstract: Theoretical and experimental analysis of a newly proposed loop antenna for handsets is presented. A simple model, using a small rectangular and L-shaped loop antenna mounted on a ground plane, which represents a rectangular shielding plate used in the handset, is analyzed in order to confirm the effectiveness of using the balance-fed antenna system.
Published: 2003
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43. Motor area analysis using topograph mapping on humans perform voluntary motion

Author: Y. Nagashima, Hisaya Tanaka, and H. Ide
Subjects: Motor area, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Computer science, Movement (music), medicine, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Electroencephalography, Spontaneous eeg, business, Simulation, Motion (physics)
Abstract: We present a method to analyze human intention in spontaneous EEG (brain waves). The readiness potential (RP) appears before the voluntary movement. The authors consider that RP is related to intention. Then, we analyze RP in the topograph from the viewpoint of the relationship between motor area and RP. As a result, we found the potential that is related to the movement readiness in the beta band (13/spl sim/30 [Hz]) of the spontaneous EEG, and the topograph analyzed its pattern change of the time series.
Published: 2003
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44. Natural gas reformed fuel cell power generation systems-a comparison of three system efficiencies

Author: H. Ide, N. Horiuchi, T. Yoshida, and H. Ueda
Subjects: Engineering, Waste management, business.industry, Cathode, Power (physics), Anode, law.invention, Electricity generation, law, Natural gas, Heat recovery ventilation, Molten carbonate fuel cell, Solid oxide fuel cell, business
Abstract: Net plant efficiencies of fuel cell power plants, operated with natural gas fuel, are analyzed on the basis of expected fuel cell performance. A comparison of net plant efficiencies of three types of fuel cell power generation systems is discussed. They are a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) system, a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) system, and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system. The plant output is selected as 5 MW, corresponding to the expected largest capacity of natural gas reforming unit that can be transported by trailer. Each system is operated at an elevated pressure and consists of a natural gas reformer, a fuel cell unit, a power recovery gas turbine, and various heat recovery units. Since the analysis is aimed at net plant efficiencies around the year 2000, prospective performance is estimated from current performance data. Calculated system efficiencies were 42.7% for the PAFC, 51.2% for the MCFC, and 47.8%-49.7% for the SOFC. >
Published: 2003
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45. An application study of a fluidized bed coal gasification MCFC power plant

Author: N. Horiuchi, H. Ueda, and H. Ide
Subjects: Engineering, Power station, Waste management, business.industry, Power generation system, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electricity generation, chemistry, Conceptual design, Fluidized bed, Coal gasification, Methanol, Fluidization, Process engineering, business
Abstract: Future prospects of a fluidized-bed, coal-gasified power generation system that concurrently produces methanol are discussed. Two systems were studied. One is a 500 MW class coal-gasified system that produces the methanol. The other is a 30 MW class, dispersed type, methanol-fueled, internal reforming system that uses the methanol produced by the first system. The conceptual design of both systems is described. >
Published: 2003
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46. On an image processing of eye blinking to monitor awakening levels of human beings

Author: H. Ide, Satoki P. Ninomija, S. Suzuki, Y. Yazu, Kyouko Idogawa, and Mariko Funada
Subjects: Eye blinking, Computer science, business.industry, Computer vision, Image processing, Artificial intelligence, Noise (video), business, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract: The main goal of the present study was to design and examine a system to monitor awakening levels of human beings using the image processing technique to recognize eye blinking. This problem was divided into two sub-problems; to obtain images by decreasing noise and simplify the images, and to detect whether eyes were closed or opened. A filtering technique and the automatic threshold determination method were used to solve the former sub-problem and the automatic detection system was designed for the latter sub-problem. To examine the reliability of the designed system, a comparison between the result detected by the system and that detected by a sensor using electroencephalograms (EEGs) was made.
Published: 2002
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47. Evaluating dynamic changes of driver's awakening level by grouped α waves

Author: Satoki P. Ninomija, Chieko Fukuda, S. Suzuki, Mariko Funada, H. Ide, Y. Yazu, and N. Daimon
Subjects: business.industry, Speech recognition, Pattern analysis, Pattern recognition, Alpha (navigation), Alpha wave, Weighting, Noise, Moving average, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Cause effect analysis, sense organs, Artificial intelligence, Noise level, business, psychological phenomena and processes, Mathematics
Abstract: Describes the system of automatically detecting grouped /spl alpha/ waves of EEGs using a convolution with special weighting factors such as moving average methods. A drop of human awakening level has a close relation to appearances of grouped /spl alpha/ waves. Then using this system, it is possible to detect driver's low awakening condition and prevent traffic accidents caused by this condition. The system has two important points. The first, because actual data contain various kinds of noise, this system separates grouped /spl alpha/ waves from those. The second, the system detects this condition as soon as grouped /spl alpha/ waves appear. As the result of analyzing actual EEGs taken during driving a car, we find out the fact that intervals of grouped /spl alpha/ waves appearance fluctuate.
Published: 2002
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48. Urinary isatin concentrations in patients with Parkinson's disease determined by a newly developed HPLC-UV method

Author: N, Hamaue, N, Yamazaki, M, Terado, M, Minami, K, Ohno, H, Ide, A, Ogata, S, Honma, and K, Tashiro
Subjects: Isatin, Male, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Indicators and Reagents, Parkinson Disease, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Biomarkers, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Aged, Phenylhydrazines
Abstract: Isatin, an endogenous monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, has been found in mammalian tissues. We previously reported that exogenously administered isatin significantly increased acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine (DA) levels in the rat striatum. In order to elucidate the relationship between isatin and Parkinson's disease, we measured urinary isatin excretions in patients with Parkinson's disease using a newly developed HPLC-UV method. The recovery of this assay was approximately 102.3% at a range from 2 to 50 nmol/ml. The Coefficient of Variance (CV) for the determination at this range was approximately 2.5% for intra-assay and 6.2% for inter-assay, respectively. There was no significant difference in urinary isatin excretion between data from men and women in healthy control. The value in young age group (19-35 years old) was not significantly different compared with that of the older age group (54-84 years old). Urinary isatin levels in patients with Parkinson's disease tended to increase in accordance to the Hoehn and Yahr criteria. This is the first study in which a significant increase in urinary isatin excretion was observed at Stage III, IV and V in patients with Parkinson's disease. Urinary isatin concentrations in drug-treated patients with Parkinson's disease (at Stage I and II) tended to decrease compared with those of patients without medication. These results demonstrated that urinary isatin excretion may serve as an endogenous diagnostic marker for the clinical severity of Parkinson's disease.
Published: 2002

49. BASIC SCIENCE

Author: H. Ide, E. Kikuchi, Y. Yasumizu, S. Hattori, M. Hasegawa, A. Miyajima, M. Oya, S. Y. Kim, S. Y. Song, M. S. Kim, J. Y. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. Y. Choi, N. J. Yoo, S. H. Lee, W. Obara, T. Tsunoda, K. Yoshida, R. Takata, A. Togashi, T. Katagiri, Y. Nakamura, and T. Fujioka
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine
Published: 2011
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50. Metabolic activation of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human liver microsomes

Author: Y Ohyama, T Yamasaki, N Hirose, H Ide, S Kamachi, and K Sugimoto
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Mitochondria, Liver, In Vitro Techniques, Toxicology, Hydroxylation, Biochemistry, Xenobiotics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Biotransformation, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Calcifediol, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Cytochrome P450, Biological activity, General Medicine, Metabolism, Prodrug, Isoenzymes, Enzyme, Endocrinology, Microsome, biology.protein, Microsomes, Liver, Oxidation-Reduction, Drug metabolism, Subcellular Fractions
Abstract: 1. 1Alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha-OH-D3) is a synthetic prodrug of the active form of vitamin D3, and requires the hydroxylation at the C-25 position before eliciting its biological activity. 2. 25-Hydroxylation activities for 1alpha-OH-D3 were present in both microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of human liver. 3. To determine the P450 enzyme(s) involved in microsomal 25-hydroxylation, 14 P450s (CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9-Arg, 2C9-Cys, 2C19, 2D6-Val, 2D6-Met, 2E1, 3A4, 4A11) were tested for their 25-hydroxylation activity of 1alpha-OH-D3. None catalysed the 25-hydroxylation reaction. 4. 1Alpha-OH-D3 in a high concentration (2.5 ng ml(-1)) showed small but significant inhibition of the catalytic activities of CYP2C8, 2C9-Cys, 2C19, 2D6-Val and 2E1 for their typical substrates. However, 1alpha-OH-D3 in a clinically used low concentration will not significantly affect drug metabolism catalysed by the 14 P450s tested. 5. In summary, the 25-hydroxylation activity of 1alpha-OH-D3 that localizes in the microsomal fraction appears to be attributable to a cytochrome P450 other than the microsomal forms tested in this study.
Published: 2001

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