6,373 results on '"H, Campbell"'
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2. Publisher Correction: A Dataset of Amphibian Species in U.S. National Parks
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LaFrance, Benjamin J., Ray, Andrew M., Fisher, Robert N., Grant, Evan H. Campbell, Shafer, Charles, Beamer, David A., Spear, Stephen F., Pierson, Todd W., Davenport, Jon M., Niemiller, Matthew L., Pyron, R. Alexander, Glorioso, Brad M., Barichivich, William J., Halstead, Brian J., Roberts, Kory G., and Hossack, Blake R.
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- 2024
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3. A Dataset of Amphibian Species in U.S. National Parks
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LaFrance, Benjamin J., Ray, Andrew M., Fisher, Robert N., Grant, Evan H. Campbell, Shafer, Charles, Beamer, David A., Spear, Stephen F., Pierson, Todd W., Davenport, Jon M., Niemiller, Matthew L., Pyron, R. Alexander, Glorioso, Brad M., Barichivich, William J., Halstead, Brian J., Roberts, Kory G., and Hossack, Blake R.
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- 2024
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4. One Health collaboration is more effective than single-sector actions at mitigating SARS-CoV-2 in deer
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Jonathan D. Cook, Elias Rosenblatt, Graziella V. Direnzo, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Brittany A. Mosher, Fernando Arce, Sonja A. Christensen, Ria R. Ghai, and Michael C. Runge
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Science - Abstract
Abstract One Health aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, plants, and shared environments. We describe a multisector effort to understand and mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk to humans via the spread among and between captive and wild white-tailed deer. We first framed a One Health problem with three governance sectors that manage captive deer, wild deer populations, and public health. The problem framing included identifying fundamental objectives, causal chains for transmission, and management actions. We then developed a dynamic model that linked deer herds and simulated SARS-CoV-2. Next, we evaluated management alternatives for their ability to reduce SARS-CoV-2 spread in white-tailed deer. We found that single-sector alternatives reduced transmission, but that the best-performing alternative required collaborative actions among wildlife management, agricultural management, and public health agencies. Here, we show quantitative support that One Health actions outperform single-sector responses, but may depend on coordination to track changes in this evolving system.
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- 2024
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5. Nonneural granular cell tumor treated with Mohs micrographic surgery
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Frank Z. Jing, MD, Elliott H. Campbell, MD, Clark C. Otley, MD, Carilyn N. Wieland, MD, and Nahid Y. Vidal, MD
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benign ,granular cell tumor ,immunohistochemistry ,malignant ,Mohs micrographic surgery ,nonneural granular cell tumor ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Published
- 2024
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6. Incidence and mortality trends of primary cutaneous melanoma: A 50-year Rochester Epidemiologic Project studyCapsule Summary
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Jacob P. Reinhart, MD, Elliott H. Campbell, MD, Sydney L. Proffer, MD, MS, Olivia M. Crum, MD, Austin Todd, MS, Lawrence E. Gibson, MD, Jerry D. Brewer, MD, MS, and Addison M. Demer, MD
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age distribution ,epidemiology ,female ,incidence ,male ,melanoma ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Background: National cancer reporting-based registry data, although robust, lacks granularity for incidence trends. Expert opinion remains conflicted regarding the possibility of melanoma overdiagnosis in the context of rising incidence without a corresponding rise in mortality. Objective: To characterize 10- and 50-year trends in melanoma incidence and mortality. Methods: Multicenter, population-based epidemiologic study utilizing the Rochester Epidemiology Project for Olmsted County, Minnesota residents diagnosed with melanoma from 01/01/1970 to 12/21/2020. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence and disease-specific mortality are calculated. Results: Two thousand three hundred ten primary cutaneous melanomas were identified. Current age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates increased 11.1-fold since 1970s (P
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- 2024
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7. Developing an interactive reproductive health equity session for pre-clerkship medical students
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Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako, Gabriela Aguilar, Oluwatosin Adeyemo, Heather Reynolds, Katherine H. Campbell, Nancy Stanwood, and France Galerneau
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Reproductive justice ,racial health disparities ,health equity ,team-based learning ,preclinical medical education ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
In the United States, sexual, reproductive, and perinatal health inequities are well documented and known to be caused by a history of systemic oppression along many axes, including but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic position, sexual orientation, and disability. Medical schools are responsible for educating students on systems of oppression and their impact on health. Reproductive justice advocates, including lay persons, medical students, and teaching faculty, have urged for integrating the reproductive justice framework into medical education and clinical practice. In response to medical student advocacy, we developed introductory didactic sessions on social and reproductive justice for preclinical medical students. These were created in a team-based learning format and include pre-course primer materials on reproductive justice. During the sessions, students engaged with hypothetical clinical vignettes in small groups to identify oppressive structures that may have contributed to the health outcomes described and potential avenues for contextually relevant and level-appropriate advocacy. The sessions took place in November 2019 (in-person) and 2020 (virtually) and were well attended by students. We highlight our experience, student feedback, and next steps, including further integration of reproductive health equity into medical school curricula in concert with department-wide education for faculty, residents, nursing, and allied health professionals. This introduction to social and reproductive justice can be adapted and scaled across different medical school curricula, enhancing the training of a new generation of physicians to become critically aware of how oppressive structures create health inequities and able to mitigate their impact through their roles as clinicians, researchers, and advocates.
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- 2024
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8. Investigating light sensitivity in bipolar disorder (HELIOS-BD) [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
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Amber Roguski, Iain H. Campbell, Lyle Armstrong, Amy Ferguson, Baljean Dhillon, Majlinda Lako, Gerrit Hilgen, Jasna Martinovic, Tom MacGillivray, Renata L. Riha, Nicole Needham, Nayantara Santhi, Philipp Ritter, Manuel Spitschan, Malcolm von Schantz, and Daniel J. Smith
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Bipolar disorder ,lithium ,melatonin ,light sensitivity ,circadian rhythm ,vision ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Many people with bipolar disorder have disrupted circadian rhythms. This means that the timing of sleep and wake activities becomes out-of-sync with the standard 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythms are strongly influenced by light levels and previous research suggests that people with bipolar disorder might have a heightened sensitivity to light, causing more circadian rhythm disruption, increasing the potential for triggering a mood switch into mania or depression. Lithium has been in clinical use for over 70 years and is acknowledged to be the most effective long-term treatment for bipolar disorder. Lithium has many reported actions in the body but the precise mechanism of action in bipolar disorder remains an active area of research. Central to this project is recent evidence that lithium may work by stabilising circadian rhythms of mood, cognition and rest/activity. Our primary hypothesis is that people with bipolar disorder have some pathophysiological change at the level of the retina which makes them hypersensitive to the visual and non-visual effects of light, and therefore more susceptible to circadian rhythm dysfunction. We additionally hypothesise that the mood-stabilising medication lithium is effective in bipolar disorder because it reduces this hypersensitivity, making individuals less vulnerable to light-induced circadian disruption. We will recruit 180 participants into the HELIOS-BD study. Over an 18-month period, we will assess visual and non-visual responses to light, as well as retinal microstructure, in people with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. Further, we will assess whether individuals with bipolar disorder who are being treated with lithium have less pronounced light responses and attenuated retinal changes compared to individuals with bipolar disorder not being treated with lithium. This study represents a comprehensive investigation of visual and non-visual light responses in a large bipolar disorder population, with great translational potential for patient stratification and treatment innovation.
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- 2024
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9. Editorial: Vulnerability and resilience in small island developing states
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Michael H. Campbell, Maisha K. Emmanuel, Natalie S. Greaves, and Myrna Lashley
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mental health ,climate change ,resilience ,small island developing states ,Caribbean ,Oceania ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Published
- 2024
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10. Epidemiological modeling of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) reveals conditions for introduction and widespread transmission.
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Elias Rosenblatt, Jonathan D Cook, Graziella V DiRenzo, Evan H Campbell Grant, Fernando Arce, Kim M Pepin, F Javiera Rudolph, Michael C Runge, Susan Shriner, Daniel P Walsh, and Brittany A Mosher
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases with zoonotic potential often have complex socioecological dynamics and limited ecological data, requiring integration of epidemiological modeling with surveillance. Although our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 has advanced considerably since its detection in late 2019, the factors influencing its introduction and transmission in wildlife hosts, particularly white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), remain poorly understood. We use a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible epidemiological model to investigate the spillover risk and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in wild and captive white-tailed deer populations across various simulated scenarios. We found that captive scenarios pose a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 introduction from humans into deer herds and subsequent transmission among deer, compared to wild herds. However, even in wild herds, the transmission risk is often substantial enough to sustain infections. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the strength of introduction from humans influences outbreak characteristics only to a certain extent. Transmission among deer was frequently sufficient for widespread outbreaks in deer populations, regardless of the initial level of introduction. We also explore the potential for fence line interactions between captive and wild deer to elevate outbreak metrics in wild herds that have the lowest risk of introduction and sustained transmission. Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 could be introduced and maintained in deer herds across a range of circumstances based on testing a range of introduction and transmission risks in various captive and wild scenarios. Our approach and findings will aid One Health strategies that mitigate persistent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in white-tailed deer populations and potential spillback to humans.
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- 2024
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11. Functional and perceptive differences between conventional and advanced ankle foot orthoses in community ambulators post-limb trauma: the injuries managed with advanced bracing of the lower extremity (IM ABLE) study
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M. Jason Highsmith, Rebecca M. Miro, Michael Kartel, Anita Ramrattan, Angela Courtade, Jeffrey T. Heckman, Samuel L. Phillips, Shane R. Wurdeman, Thomas V. DiBello, Dwiesha L. England, Phillip M. Stevens, James H. Campbell, Michael J. Hyre, Jason T. Maikos, Owen T. Hill, and Stephanie L. Carey
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carbon fiber ,energy storing ,extremity trauma ,rehabilitation ,orthotics ,AFO ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
IntroductionMany military service members and civilians suffer from lower extremity trauma. Despite recent advancements in lower limb bracing technology, it remains unclear whether these newer advanced braces offer improved comfort and functionality compared to conventional options. The IDEO (Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis), a type of “advanced” orthosis was developed to assist in maintaining high functional performance in patients who have experienced high-energy lower extremity trauma and underwent limb salvage surgeries.MethodsA cross-sector multi-site initiative was completed to study the efficacy of advanced ankle foot orthoses (AFO) for lower limb trauma and injury compared to a conventional AFO. Following fitting, training, and accommodation, the subjects were assessed in each AFO system for mobility, self-reported function, safety and pain, and preference.ResultsThey preferred the advanced over the conventional AFO and the mobility and exertion perception improved with the advanced AFO with no difference in pain or overall health status scores.DiscussionThus, an advanced AFO is an option for trauma affecting the lower limb. Long-term studies are required to better understand the accommodation and learning process of using an advanced AFO.
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- 2024
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12. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hand Hygiene, Mask Use, and Social Distancing among Public Hospital and Polyclinic Nurses in Barbados during the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic
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Uma Gaur, Wendy Sealy, Ambadasu Bharatha, Natasha P. Sobers, Kandamaran Krishnamurthy, Michael H. Campbell, Cara Cumberbatch, Maia Drakes, Marielle Gibbs, Charisse Alexander, Heather Harewood, O. Peter Adams, Subir Gupta, Ali Davod Parsa, Russell Kabir, and Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
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COVID-19 pandemic ,nurses ,hand washing ,mask wearing ,social distancing ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Background: Nurses are essential members of the healthcare workforce and were among the first-line carers for patients in community and hospital settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, they were at a heightened risk of infection, resulting in several reported deaths among nursing staff. Several preventive measures were adopted to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nurses regarding hand hygiene, mask wearing, and social distancing measures in healthcare settings in Barbados during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: An online survey of nurses working in public hospitals and polyclinics (public primary care clinics) in Barbados from March 2021 to December 2021 was conducted. A nonsystematic convenience sampling method was employed to recruit nurses who were readily available and willing to participate. A questionnaire captured the sociodemographic information and knowledge and practices related to hand hygiene, the use of face masks, and social distancing. Each correct response received one mark. Overall knowledge scores were categorized as poor (80–100%). Results: Of the 192 participants, the majority were female (82.8%) and had >5 years of experience (82%). The findings revealed that 45.8% had poor knowledge of hand hygiene, and that the knowledge of 43.8% of respondents was average. Multivariable logistic regression showed that, after adjustment for age and gender, registered nurses had 2.1 times increased odds (95% confidence interval 1.0, 4.2) of having good knowledge compared to other nursing categories. Regarding mask wearing, 53.6% of nurses had average knowledge, and 27.1% had good knowledge. Multivariable logistic regression showed that, after adjustment for age and gender, registered nurses had 3.3 times increased odds (95% confidence interval 1.5, 7.4) of having good knowledge compared to nursing assistants. A total of 68.6% of respondents followed the correct steps of handwashing every time, and 98.3% wore a mask in public places. More than half of the nurses (51.2%) kept a safe distance from others to avoid spreading SARS-CoV-2; one-third were in a crowded place(s) in the past three months, and 55.8% usually followed guidelines for social isolation as recommended by the WHO. Conclusions: The study identified knowledge deficiencies related to hand hygiene and wearing masks among nurses. It is imperative to provide additional training on infection control measures.
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- 2024
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13. A Dataset of Amphibian Species in U.S. National Parks
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Benjamin J. LaFrance, Andrew M. Ray, Robert N. Fisher, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Charles Shafer, David A. Beamer, Stephen F. Spear, Todd W. Pierson, Jon M. Davenport, Matthew L. Niemiller, R. Alexander Pyron, Brad M. Glorioso, William J. Barichivich, Brian J. Halstead, Kory G. Roberts, and Blake R. Hossack
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Science - Abstract
Abstract National parks and other protected areas are important for preserving landscapes and biodiversity worldwide. An essential component of the mission of the United States (U.S.) National Park Service (NPS) requires understanding and maintaining accurate inventories of species on protected lands. We describe a new, national-scale synthesis of amphibian species occurrence in the NPS system. Many park units have a list of amphibian species observed within their borders compiled from various sources and available publicly through the NPSpecies platform. However, many of the observations in NPSpecies remain unverified and the lists are often outdated. We updated the amphibian dataset for each park unit by collating old and new park-level records and had them verified by regional experts. The new dataset contains occurrence records for 292 of the 424 NPS units and includes updated taxonomy, international and state conservation rankings, hyperlinks to a supporting reference for each record, specific notes, and related fields which can be used to better understand and manage amphibian biodiversity within a single park or group of parks.
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- 2024
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14. Virtual simulation in healthcare education: a multi-professional, pan-Canadian evaluation
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Margaret Verkuyl, Efrem Violato, Nicole Harder, Theresa Southam, Mélanie Lavoie-Tremblay, Sandra Goldsworthy, Wendy Ellis, Suzanne H. Campbell, and Lynda Atack
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Virtual simulation ,Simulation pedagogy ,Post-secondary education ,Clinical practice ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
Abstract Background As we experience a shortage of healthcare providers in Canada, it has become increasingly challenging for healthcare educators to secure quality clinical placements. We evaluated the impact of virtual simulations created for the virtual work-integrated learning (Virtu-WIL) program, a pan-Canadian project designed to develop, test, and offer virtual simulations to enrich healthcare clinical education in Canada. Evaluation was important since the virtual simulations are freely available through creative commons licensing, to the global healthcare community. Methods Students self-reported their experiences with the virtual simulations and the impact on their readiness for practice using a survey that included validated subscales. Open-ended items were included to provide insight into the students’ experiences. Results The evaluation included 1715 Nursing, Paramedicine and Medical Laboratory students enrolled in the Virtu-WIL program from 18 post-secondary universities, colleges, and institutions. Results showed most students found the virtual simulations engaging helped them learn and prepare for clinical practice. A key finding was that it is not sufficient to simply add virtual simulations to curriculum, careful planning and applying simulation pedagogy are essential. Conclusion Virtual simulation experiences are increasingly being used in healthcare education. Results from this rigorous, large-scale evaluation identified ways to enhance the quality of these experiences to increase learning and to potentially decrease the number of hours healthcare students need in clinical practice to meet professional competencies. Further research is needed regarding many aspects of virtual simulations and, in particular, curriculum integration and the timing or sequencing of virtual simulations to best prepare students for practice.
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- 2024
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15. Advanced Pressure Garment Space Suit Sizing Considerations
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Christine N Jerome, Richard A Rhodes, and Donald H Campbell, II
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Man/System Technology and Life Support - Abstract
Fitting a space suit to a person could be considered an art form. Establishing a repeatable fitcheck process to accommodate the full anthropometric range of test subjects for a single suit design is a critical process to be able to prove suit functionality. Suited test subjects can have different preferences on how they fit inside a suit, and different suited test environments can lead to differences in certain suit sizing accommodations. Throughout this paper, the process of achieving an acceptable suit fit for test subjects will be discussed, along with sizing considerations for changes in suit design and test environments. Lessons learned from the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU) will be used to describe specific examples, along with key takeaways from additional NASA prototype mobility space suits. The suit fitcheck process starts with utilizing the anthropometric measurements of a test subject to evaluate their relation to the dimensions of space suit hardware in creating a predicted suit sizing configuration. From here, subjective comments and test team observations drive iterations to the suit sizing configuration to culminate in an acceptable suit fit for performance of further test evaluations. Understanding the relation of subjective comments to their impact on altering suit sizing is critical in establishing an acceptable suit fit.
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- 2024
16. Investigating the Lid Effect on the Generation of Ocean Island Basalts: 1. Geochemical Trends
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Shihao Jiang, Rhys Hawkins, Mark J. Hoggard, D. Rhodri Davies, and Ian H. Campbell
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mantle plume ,ocean island basalt ,lid effect ,lithospheric thickness ,memory effect ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Abstract Ocean island basalts (OIBs) are generated by mantle plumes, with their geochemistry controlled by a combination of source composition, temperature, and thickness of overlying lithosphere. For example, OIBs erupting onto thicker, older oceanic lithosphere are expected to exhibit signatures indicative of higher average melting pressures. Here, we quantitatively investigate this relationship using a global data set of Neogene and younger OIB compositions. Local lithospheric thicknesses are estimated using theoretical plate‐cooling models and Bayes factors are applied to identify trends. Our findings provide compelling evidence for a correlation between OIB geochemistry and lithospheric thickness, with some variables (SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, Lu) showing linear trends that can be attributed to increasing average melting pressure, whereas others (CaO, La, λ0, and λ1) require a bi‐linear fit with a change in gradient at ∼55 km. Observed variations in highly incompatible elements are consistent with degrees of melting that decrease with increasing lithospheric thickness, as expected. Nevertheless, at thicknesses beyond ∼55 km, the implied degree of melting does not decrease as rapidly as is suggested by theoretical expectations. This observation is robust across different lithospheric thickness estimates, including those derived from seismic constraints. We infer that at thicknesses exceeding ∼55 km, weak plumes fail to effectively thin overlying lithosphere and/or produce insufficient melt to erupt. This is supported by independent estimates of plume buoyancy flux, indicating that OIB magmatism on older lithosphere may be biased toward hotter plumes. In addition, we find evidence for a “memory effect” of incomplete homogenization of melts during their ascent.
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- 2024
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17. Updated range map of an endangered salamander and congeneric competitor reveals different niche preferences
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Jo A. Werba, David A. W. Miller, Adrianne B. Brand, and Evan H. Campbell Grant
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data integration model ,sample design ,species distribution model ,uncertainty ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Abstract Estimating distributions for cryptic and highly range‐restricted species induces unique challenges for species distribution modeling. In particular, bioclimatic covariates that are typically used to model species ranges at regional and continental scales may not show strong variation at scales of 100s and 10s of meters. This limits both the likelihood and usefulness of correlated occurrence to data typically used in distribution models. Here, we present analyses of species distributions, at 100 × 100 m resolution, for a highly range restricted salamander species (Shenandoah salamander, Plethodon shenandoah) and a closely related congener (red‐backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus). We combined data across multiple survey types, account for seasonal variation in availability of our target species, and control for repeated surveys at locations– all typical challenges in range‐scale monitoring datasets. We fit distribution models using generalized additive models that account for spatial covariates as well as unexplained spatial variation and spatial uncertainty. Our model accommodates different survey protocols using offsets and incorporates temporal variation in detection and availability resulting from survey‐specific variation in temperature and precipitation. Our spatial random effect was crucial in identifying small‐scale differences in the occurrence of each species and provides cell‐specific estimates of uncertainty in the density of salamanders across the range. Counts of both species were seen to increase in the 3 days following a precipitation event. However, P. cinereus were observed even in extremely wet conditions, while surface activity of P. shenandoah was associated with a more narrow range. Our results demonstrate how a flexible analytical approach improves estimates of both distribution and uncertainty, and identify key abiotic relationships, even at small spatial scales and when scales of empirical data are mismatched. While our approach is especially valuable for species with small ranges, controlling for spatial autocorrelation, estimating spatial uncertainty, and incorporating survey‐specific information in estimates can improve the reliability of distribution models in general.
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- 2024
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18. Self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among health professions students in India
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Md Anwarul Azim Majumder, Ambadasu Bharatha, Santosh Kumar, Madhuri Chatterjee, Subir Gupta, Heather Harewood, Keerti Singh, WMS Johnson, Archana Rajasundaram, Sudeshna Banerjee Dutta, Sangishetti Vijay Prasad, Sayeeda Rahman, Russell Kabir, Ali Davod Parsa, Uma Gaur, Ahbab Mohammad Fazle Rabbi, Kandamaran Krishnamurthy, Shegufta Mohammad, Vikram Chode, Mainul Haque, and Michael H. Campbell
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COVID-19 vaccine ,Covishield/AstraZeneca vaccines ,Medical students ,Dental students ,Vaccine hesitancy ,Side effects ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Studies focusing on the safety and common side effects of vaccines play a crucial role in enhancing public acceptance of vaccination. Research is scarce regarding the usage of COVID-19 vaccines and the side effects experienced by health professions students in India and other countries. This study aimed to document self-reported side effects associated with COVID-19 vaccination among medical and dental students of six medical and dental colleges and teaching hospitals in four states (Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and West Bengal) of India. A cross-sectional survey using purposive sampling of medical and dental students was conducted from 26 April to 26 May 2021. Data was collected using a Google Forms questionnaire capturing information regarding receiving COVID-19 vaccines, side effects and symptoms, onset and duration of symptoms, use of treatment to alleviate symptoms, awareness of haematologic risks associated with vaccination, and side effects from previous (non-COVID-19) vaccinations. The majority (94.5%) of participants received both doses of the Covishield/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Among participants (n = 492), 45.3% (n = 223) reported one or more side effects. The most frequently reported side effects were soreness of the injected arm (80.3%), tiredness (78.5%), fever (71.3%), headache (64.1%), and hypersomnia (58.7%). The two most common severe symptoms were fever (14.8%) and headache (13%). Most side effects appeared on the day of vaccination: soreness of the injection site (57%), fever (43.1%), and tiredness (42.6%). Most reported symptoms persisted for one to three days–soreness of the injection site (53%), fever (47.1%), and headache (42.6%). Logistic regression showed that women were almost 85% less likely to report side effects. The study’s findings corroborate the safety of the Covishield/AstraZeneca vaccine’s first dose, evidenced by the relatively minor and transient nature of the side effects. However, the study underscores the necessity for ongoing research to assess the long-term impacts of COVID-19 vaccines, especially in the context of booster doses, thereby contributing to the global understanding of vaccine safety and efficacy.
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- 2024
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19. Disease-specific survival of malignant melanoma after Mohs micrographic surgery is not impacted by initial margins: A systematic review and meta-analysisCapsule Summary
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Olivia M. Crum, MD, Elliott H. Campbell, MD, Cynthia J. Chelf, MLS, AHIP, Addison M. Demer, MD, and Jerry D. Brewer, MD, MS
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disease-specific mortality ,initial margin ,melanoma ,Mohs micrographic surgery ,survival ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Background: During Mohs surgery for melanoma, evidence has demonstrated that many surgeons opt for smaller initial margins than traditionally recommended (0.5 cm for in situ and 1 cm for invasive). Literature regarding surgical outcomes based on initial margin is sparse. Objective: To determine differences in disease-specific survival of melanoma after Mohs micrographic surgery for varied initial surgical margins. Methods: A literature search was conducted on February 14, 2022, from MEDLINE via PubMed (1946-present), Embase (1974-present), Central (1991-present), and Scopus (1960-present). The primary outcome was disease-specific mortality. Results: Nineteen studies were included for final analysis. The overall disease-specific mortality rate of melanoma in all included studies was 0.5% (CI, 0.1-0.8; P, .010). Disease-specific mortality for 1 to 5, 5, and 6 to 10 mm categories were 0.4% (CI, 0.0-0.9; P, .074), 0.7% (CI, 0.2-1.3; P, .2-1.3), and 0.4% (CI, –0.9 to 1.8; P, .524), respectively. None of the variances across initial margin categories were statistically significant. Limitations: Early-stage melanomas have low overall mortality rates. In our associated article, initial margins of 5 to 10 mm were shown to have the lowest rates of local recurrence. Conclusions: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, melanoma-specific mortality was not significantly impacted by the initial surgical margin taken during Mohs micrographic surgery.
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- 2023
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20. Winter severity affects occupancy of spring- and summer-breeding anurans across the eastern United States
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Weiskopf, Sarah R., Shiklomanov, Alexey N., Thompson, Laura, Wheedleton, Sarah, and Grant, Evan H. Campbell
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- 2022
21. Detection of Novel COVID-19 Variants with Zero-Shot Learning.
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Sayantani Basu, Roy H. Campbell, and Karrie Karahalios
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- 2023
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22. A novel likely pathogenic CLCN5 variant in Dent’s disease
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S Hayward, J Norton, L Bownass, C Platt, Genomics England Research Consortium, H Campbell, E Watson, N Forrester, S Smithson, and A Menon
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Dent’s disease ,Genetics ,Nephrocalcinosis ,Proteinuria ,CLCN5 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Background The majority of cases of Dent’s disease are caused by pathogenic variants in the CLCN5 gene, which encodes a voltage-gated chloride ion channel (ClC-5), resulting in proximal tubular dysfunction. We present three members of the same family and one unrelated paediatric patient with the same insertion-deletion CLCN5 variant. The identification of these patients and positive familial segregation led to the re-classification of this variant from one of unknown significance to one of likely pathogenicity. Case presentation A 41 year old male presented with end stage kidney failure, proteinuria and haematuria. Whole genome sequencing identified an insertion-deletion variant in CLCN5, resulting in a missense change (c.1744_1745delinsAA p.(Ala582Lys)). His brother and nephew, who both exhibited renal impairment, haematuria, proteinuria, glycosuria and nephrocalcinosis, were found to have the same variant. In addition, genetic testing of an unrelated paediatric patient who presented with proteinuria and hypercalciuria, demonstrated the same variant. Conclusions The identification of this novel variant in four individuals with features of Dent’s disease, has led to the re-classification of the variant to one of likely pathogenicity. As a result, our patients and any future patients with the same variant can be offered a likely diagnosis, without the need for kidney biopsy, and their family members can be offered genetic screening.
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- 2023
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23. Somatic symptoms, psychological distress and trauma after disasters: lessons from the 2014 Hazelwood mine fire and 2019–20 Black Summer bushfires
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Caroline X. Gao, Jana Menssink, Timothy C. H. Campbell, Catherine L. Smith, Jillian F. Ikin, Tyler Lane, Michael J. Abramson, and Matthew Carroll
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General psychological distress ,Posttraumatic stress ,Repeated disaster exposure ,Smoke exposure ,Somatic symptoms ,Wildfires ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Wildfires cause significant physical and mental ill-health. How physical and mental symptoms interact following wildfire smoke exposure is unclear, particularly in the context of repeated exposures. In this cross-sectional study we investigated how posttraumatic stress and general psychological distress associated with somatic symptoms in a community exposed to multiple smoke events. Methods A random weighted sample of 709 adults exposed to smoke during the 2014 Hazelwood coal mine fire in south-eastern Australia completed a survey in 2020. The survey coincided with the Black Summer wildfires that caused a similar period of smoke haze in the region. Participants self-reported somatic symptoms (PHQ-15) and mine fire-related posttraumatic stress (IES-R) experienced over the previous week, general psychological distress (K10) experienced over the previous four weeks, lifetime health diagnoses and demographic information. Associations between posttraumatic stress, general psychological distress, and each PHQ-15 somatic symptom were analysed using ordinal logistic regression models. Results Overall, 36.2% of participants reported moderate- or high-level somatic symptomology. The most frequent somatic symptoms were fatigue, limb pain, trouble sleeping, back pain, headaches, and shortness of breath. After controlling for confounding factors, general psychological distress and posttraumatic stress were independently associated with all somatic symptoms (except menstrual problems in females for posttraumatic stress). Conclusions Results highlight the high prevalence of somatic symptoms and their association with general psychological distress and posttraumatic stress within a community in the midst of a second large-scale smoke event. It is essential that healthcare providers and public health authorities consider the interconnections of these conditions when supporting communities affected by climate-related disasters.
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- 2023
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24. Deep learning for stochastic precipitation generation – deep SPG v1.0
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L. J. Bird, M. G. W. Walker, G. E. Bodeker, I. H. Campbell, G. Liu, S. J. Sam, J. Lewis, and S. M. Rosier
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Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
We present a deep-neural-network-based single-site stochastic precipitation generator (SPG), capable of producing realistic time series of daily and hourly precipitation. The neural network outputs a wet-day probability and precipitation distributions in the form of a mixture model. The SPG was tested in four different locations in New Zealand, and we found it accurately reproduced the precipitation depth, the autocorrelations seen in the original data, the observed dry-spell lengths, and the seasonality in precipitation. We present two versions of the hourly and daily SPGs: (i) a stationary version of the SPG that assumes that the statistics of the precipitation are time independent and (ii) a non-stationary version that captures the secular drift in precipitation statistics resulting from climate change. The latter was developed to be applicable to climate change impact studies, especially studies reliant on SPG projections of future precipitation. We highlight many of the pitfalls associated with the training of a non-stationary SPG on observations alone and offer an alternative method that replicates the secular drift in precipitation seen in a large-ensemble regional climate model. The SPG runs several orders of magnitude faster than a typical regional climate model and permits the generation of very large ensembles of realistic precipitation time series under many climate change scenarios. These ensembles will also contain many extreme events not seen in the historical record.
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- 2023
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25. Matching decision support modeling frameworks to disease emergence stages and associated management objectives
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Evan H. Campbell Grant, Brittany A. Mosher, Riley F. Bernard, Alexander D. Wright, and Robin E. Russell
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decision analysis ,disease mitigation ,epidemiology ,monitoring ,objectives ,pathogens ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Abstract Wildlife disease management decisions often require rapid responses to situations that are fraught with uncertainty. By recognizing that management is implemented to achieve specific objectives, resource managers and science partners can identify an analysis technique and develop a monitoring plan to evaluate management effectiveness. For emerging infectious diseases, objectives may take several distinct forms, dependent on the perceived stage of disease emergence (i.e., pre‐epidemic, early outbreak, mid‐epidemic, and endemic), the expected rate of spread, and the anticipated effect of the disease on host populations. Identifying modeling techniques and metrics that are linked to management objectives will require early and consistent communication between managers and science partners. We link modeling approaches that can be used to forecast and evaluate the performance of intervention strategies with a range of disease management objectives. Our aim is to help scientists recognize alternative modeling approaches which may better align with different forms of disease management objectives, and to help managers evaluate the relevance of proposed modeling approaches to their specified objectives for disease management. Recognizing that disease management objectives can take different forms, and thus require different modeling approaches, can help wildlife disease response teams (i.e., natural resource managers, scientists, and stakeholders working collaboratively) better prepare and respond to disease threats.
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- 2024
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26. Preparing for a Bsal invasion into North America has improved multi-sector readiness
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Deanna H. Olson, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Molly Bletz, Jonah Piovia-Scott, David Lesbarrères, Jacob L. Kerby, Michael J. Adams, Maria Florencia Breitman, Michelle R. Christman, María J. Forzán, Matthew J. Gray, Aubree J. Hill, Michelle S. Koo, Olga Milenkaya, Eria A. Rebollar, Louise A. Rollins-Smith, Megan Serr, Alexander Shepack, Leonard Shirose, Laura Sprague, Jenifer B. Walke, Alexa R. Warwick, and Brittany A. Mosher
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chytridiomycosis ,disease ,threat ,mitigation ,Bsal ,salamander ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Western palearctic salamander susceptibility to the skin disease caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) was recognized in 2014, eliciting concerns for a potential novel wave of amphibian declines following the B. dendrobatidis (Bd) chytridiomycosis global pandemic. Although Bsal had not been detected in North America, initial experimental trials supported the heightened susceptibility of caudate amphibians to Bsal chytridiomycosis, recognizing the critical threat this pathogen poses to the North American salamander biodiversity hotspot. Here, we take stock of 10 years of research, collaboration, engagement, and outreach by the North American Bsal Task Force. We summarize main knowledge and conservation actions to both forestall and respond to Bsal invasion into North America. We address the questions: what have we learned; what are current challenges; and are we ready for a more effective reaction to Bsal’s eventual detection? We expect that the many contributions to preemptive planning accrued over the past decade will pay dividends in amphibian conservation effectiveness and can inform future responses to other novel wildlife diseases and extreme threats.
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- 2024
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27. Investigating light sensitivity in bipolar disorder (HELIOS-BD) [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
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Amber Roguski, Iain H. Campbell, Lyle Armstrong, Amy Ferguson, Baljean Dhillon, Majlinda Lako, Gerrit Hilgen, Jasna Martinovic, Tom MacGillivray, Renata L. Riha, Nicole Needham, Nayantara Santhi, Philipp Ritter, Manuel Spitschan, Malcolm von Schantz, and Daniel J. Smith
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Bipolar disorder ,lithium ,melatonin ,light sensitivity ,circadian rhythm ,vision ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Many people with bipolar disorder have disrupted circadian rhythms. This means that the timing of sleep and wake activities becomes out-of-sync with the standard 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythms are strongly influenced by light levels and previous research suggests that people with bipolar disorder might have a heightened sensitivity to light, causing more circadian rhythm disruption, increasing the potential for triggering a mood switch into mania or depression. Lithium has been in clinical use for over 70 years and is acknowledged to be the most effective long-term treatment for bipolar disorder. Lithium has many reported actions in the body but the precise mechanism of action in bipolar disorder remains an active area of research. Central to this project is recent evidence that lithium may work by stabilising circadian rhythms of mood, cognition and rest/activity. Our primary hypothesis is that people with bipolar disorder have some pathophysiological change at the level of the retina which makes them hypersensitive to the visual and non-visual effects of light, and therefore more susceptible to circadian rhythm dysfunction. We additionally hypothesise that the mood-stabilising medication lithium is effective in bipolar disorder because it reduces this hypersensitivity, making individuals less vulnerable to light-induced circadian disruption. We will recruit 180 participants into the HELIOS-BD study. Over an 18-month period, we will assess visual and non-visual responses to light, as well as retinal microstructure, in people with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. Further, we will assess whether individuals with bipolar disorder who are being treated with lithium have less pronounced light responses and attenuated retinal changes compared to individuals with bipolar disorder not being treated with lithium. This study represents a comprehensive investigation of visual and non-visual light responses in a large bipolar disorder population, with great translational potential for patient stratification and treatment innovation.
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- 2024
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28. Measuring Caribbean stress and resilient coping: Psychometric properties of the PSS-10 and BRCS in a multi-country study during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Michael H. Campbell, Jill Gromer-Thomas, Katija Khan, Bidyadhar Sa, Paula M. Lashley, Damian Cohall, Christine E. Chin, Russell B. Pierre, Nkemcho Ojeh, Ambadasu Bharatha, Heather Harewood, O. Peter Adams, and Md. Anwarul Azim Majumder
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stress ,resilience ,coping ,Caribbean ,confirmatory factor analysis ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Caribbean health research has overwhelmingly employed measures developed elsewhere and rarely includes evaluation of psychometric properties. Established measures are important for research and practice. Particularly, measures of stress and coping are needed. Stressors experienced by Caribbean people are multifactorial, as emerging climate threats interact with existing complex and vulnerable socioeconomic environments. In the early COVID-19 pandemic, our team developed an online survey to assess the well-being of health professions students across university campuses in four Caribbean countries. This survey included the Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item version (PSS-10) and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). The participants were 1,519 health professions students (1,144 females, 372 males). We evaluated the psychometric qualities of the measures, including internal consistency, concurrent validity by correlating both measures, and configural invariance using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Both scales had good internal consistency, with omega values of 0.91 for the PSS-10 and 0.81 for the BRCS. CFA suggested a two-factor structure of the PSS-10 and unidimensional structure of the BRCS. These findings support further use of these measures in Caribbean populations. However, the sampling strategy limits generalizability. Further research evaluating these and other measures in the Caribbean is desirable.
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- 2024
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29. Inferring pathogen presence when sample misclassification and partial observation occur
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Evan H. Campbell Grant, Riley O. Mummah, Brittany A. Mosher, Jonah Evans, and Graziella V. DiRenzo
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ambiguous detection ,Bayes' theorem ,molecular detection ,surveillance ,survey effort ,uncertain detection ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Abstract Surveillance programmes are essential for detecting emerging pathogens and often rely on molecular methods to make inference about the presence of a target disease agent. However, molecular methods rarely detect target DNA perfectly. For example, molecular pathogen detection methods can result in misclassification (i.e. false positives and false negatives) or partial detection errors (i.e. detections with ‘ambiguous’, ‘uncertain’ or ‘equivocal’ results). Then, when data are to be analysed, these partial observations are either discarded or censored; this, however, disregards information that could be used to make inference about the true state of the system. There is a critical need for more direction and guidance related to how many samples are enough to declare a unit of interest ‘pathogen free’. Here, we develop a Bayesian hierarchal framework that accommodates false negative, false positive and uncertain detections to improve inference related to the occupancy of a pathogen. We apply our modelling framework to a case study of the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) identified in Texas bats at the invasion front of white‐nose syndrome. To improve future surveillance programmes, we provide guidance on sample sizes required to be 95% certain a target organism is absent from a site. We found that the presence of uncertain detections increased the variability of resulting posterior probability distributions of pathogen occurrence, and that our estimates of required sample size were very sensitive to prior information about pathogen occupancy, pathogen prevalence and diagnostic test specificity. In the Pd case study, we found that the posterior probability of occupancy was very low in 2018, but occupancy probability approached 1 in 2020, reflecting increasing prior probabilities of occupancy and prevalence elicited from the site manager. Our modelling framework provides the user a posterior probability distribution of pathogen occurrence, which allows for subjective interpretation by the decision‐maker. To help readers apply and use the methods we developed, we provide an interactive RShiny app that generates target species occupancy estimation and sample size estimates to make these methods more accessible to the scientific community (https://rmummah.shinyapps.io/ambigDetect_sampleSize). This modelling framework and sample size guide may be useful for improving inferences from molecular surveillance data about emerging pathogens, non‐native invasive species and endangered species where misclassifications and ambiguous detections occur.
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- 2023
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30. Evidence for flexible navigation strategies during spatial learning involving path choices.
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Stephanie Doner, Jingyi Zheng, Andrew S. McAvan, Michael J. Starrett, Roy H. Campbell, Delaney Sanders, and Arne D. Ekstrom
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- 2023
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31. Publisher Correction: A Dataset of Amphibian Species in U.S. National Parks
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Benjamin J. LaFrance, Andrew M. Ray, Robert N. Fisher, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Charles Shafer, David A. Beamer, Stephen F. Spear, Todd W. Pierson, Jon M. Davenport, Matthew L. Niemiller, R. Alexander Pyron, Brad M. Glorioso, William J. Barichivich, Brian J. Halstead, Kory G. Roberts, and Blake R. Hossack
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Science - Published
- 2024
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32. 214 Racism-based stress injury and biomarkers of stress: A Feasibility and Correlation study
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Rachel W. Kimani, Ann H. Campbell, Jonathan Tobin, and Erich Jarvis
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Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Racial discrimination and its associated stress are well-documented contributors to health disparities among African Americans (AA).This feasibility study aimed to acquire methodological insights and build the infrastructure for a subsequent mindfulness interventional study to reduce the effects of racism-based stress. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 20 AA participants ( female 12, male 8 )ages 18-50 were enrolled, and clinical data (blood pressure, waist/hip, BMI, lipids, HbA1c, creatinine) for Allostatic Index were collected. Racism-based stress was measured using RBTSSS and the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS). Psychometric measures (Coping, resilience, mindfulness, social connection) and sleep (PSQI) were included. Bivariate analysis explored associations between psychological measures and stress biomarkers, supported by Spearman’s correlation analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Low discrimination (EDS) was associated with a lower Total cholesterol/HDL ratio (2.99 vs. 4.20, p=0.009) and higher HDL (62 vs. 52, p=0.001). Low EDS participants also had better sleep (mean=3, SD=1.33, vs. mean=5.8, SD=3.99, p=0.05*) but reported less coping through drugs and alcohol (p=0.022*) and higher resilience (p=0.047*). Mindfulness negatively correlated to sleep disturbance (r=-0.477 to r=-0.62), coping and resilience. . EDS correlated with overall life stress and drug and alcohol use. Sleep disturbance was negatively associated with social connection (r=-0.569**) and mindfulness. Sleep disturbance and discrimination correlated positively with drug and alcohol use and overall life stress (r=0.52 and r=0.0.59, respectively), while resilience was negatively correlated with sleep (r=-0.45). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Discrimination was associated with increased stress and unfavorable coping, while mindfulness may offer potential benefits for sleep, coping, and resilience. These preliminary findings provide a foundation for further exploring the potential of mindfulness interventions to address the biopsychological impacts of racism-induced stress.
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- 2024
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33. Surgical strategies for spinal infections: A narrative review
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David H. Campbell, MD, Thomas J. Dowling, III, MD, Raymond Hah, MD, R. Kiran Alluri, MD, and Jeffrey C. Wang, MD
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Spinal infection ,Spine infection ,Complications ,Spondylodiscitis ,Postoperative infection ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
The successful operative management of spinal infections necessitates a thoughtful approach. Ideal treatment combines the universal goals of any spine operation, which are decompression of the neural elements and stabilization of instability, with source control and eradication of infection. Techniques to treat infection have evolved independently and alongside advances in implant technology and surgical techniques. This review will seek to outline current thinking on approaches to both primary and secondary spinal infections.
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- 2023
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34. Pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder
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Nicole Needham, Iain H. Campbell, Helen Grossi, Ivana Kamenska, Benjamin P. Rigby, Sharon A. Simpson, Emma McIntosh, Pankaj Bahuguna, Ben Meadowcroft, Frances Creasy, Maja Mitchell-Grigorjeva, John Norrie, Gerard Thompson, Melissa C. Gibbs, Ailsa McLellan, Cheryl Fisher, Tessa Moses, Karl Burgess, Rachel Brown, Michael J. Thrippleton, Harry Campbell, and Daniel J. Smith
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Bipolar type I or II disorders ,clinical outcomes measures ,other imaging ,neurophysiology ,metabolic psychiatry ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Background Recent evidence from case reports suggests that a ketogenic diet may be effective for bipolar disorder. However, no clinical trials have been conducted to date. Aims To assess the recruitment and feasibility of a ketogenic diet intervention in bipolar disorder. Method Euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder were recruited to a 6–8 week trial of a modified ketogenic diet, and a range of clinical, economic and functional outcome measures were assessed. Study registration number: ISRCTN61613198. Results Of 27 recruited participants, 26 commenced and 20 completed the modified ketogenic diet for 6–8 weeks. The outcomes data-set was 95% complete for daily ketone measures, 95% complete for daily glucose measures and 95% complete for daily ecological momentary assessment of symptoms during the intervention period. Mean daily blood ketone readings were 1.3 mmol/L (s.d. = 0.77, median = 1.1) during the intervention period, and 91% of all readings indicated ketosis, suggesting a high degree of adherence to the diet. Over 91% of daily blood glucose readings were within normal range, with 9% indicating mild hypoglycaemia. Eleven minor adverse events were recorded, including fatigue, constipation, drowsiness and hunger. One serious adverse event was reported (euglycemic ketoacidosis in a participant taking SGLT2-inhibitor medication). Conclusions The recruitment and retention of euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder to a 6–8 week ketogenic diet intervention was feasible, with high completion rates for outcome measures. The majority of participants reached and maintained ketosis, and adverse events were generally mild and modifiable. A future randomised controlled trial is now warranted.
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- 2023
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35. Capturing heart valve development with Gene Ontology
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Saadullah H. Ahmed, Alexander T. Deng, Rachael P. Huntley, Nancy H. Campbell, and Ruth C. Lovering
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Gene Ontology ,heart valve development ,functional analysis ,transcriptomics ,proteomics ,genomics ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Introduction: The normal development of all heart valves requires highly coordinated signaling pathways and downstream mediators. While genomic variants can be responsible for congenital valve disease, environmental factors can also play a role. Later in life valve calcification is a leading cause of aortic valve stenosis, a progressive disease that may lead to heart failure. Current research into the causes of both congenital valve diseases and valve calcification is using a variety of high-throughput methodologies, including transcriptomics, proteomics and genomics. High quality genetic data from biological knowledge bases are essential to facilitate analyses and interpretation of these high-throughput datasets. The Gene Ontology (GO, http://geneontology.org/) is a major bioinformatics resource used to interpret these datasets, as it provides structured, computable knowledge describing the role of gene products across all organisms. The UCL Functional Gene Annotation team focuses on GO annotation of human gene products. Having identified that the GO annotations included in transcriptomic, proteomic and genomic data did not provide sufficient descriptive information about heart valve development, we initiated a focused project to address this issue.Methods: This project prioritized 138 proteins for GO annotation, which led to the curation of 100 peer-reviewed articles and the creation of 400 heart valve development-relevant GO annotations.Results: While the focus of this project was heart valve development, around 600 of the 1000 annotations created described the broader cellular role of these proteins, including those describing aortic valve morphogenesis, BMP signaling and endocardial cushion development. Our functional enrichment analysis of the 28 proteins known to have a role in bicuspid aortic valve disease confirmed that this annotation project has led to an improved interpretation of a heart valve genetic dataset.Discussion: To address the needs of the heart valve research community this project has provided GO annotations to describe the specific roles of key proteins involved in heart valve development. The breadth of GO annotations created by this project will benefit many of those seeking to interpret a wide range of cardiovascular genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic datasets.
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- 2023
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36. Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) not detected in an intensive survey of wild North American amphibians
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Waddle, J Hardin, Grear, Daniel A, Mosher, Brittany A, Grant, Evan H Campbell, Adams, Michael J, Backlin, Adam R, Barichivich, William J, Brand, Adrianne B, Bucciarelli, Gary M, Calhoun, Daniel L, Chestnut, Tara, Davenport, Jon M, Dietrich, Andrew E, Fisher, Robert N, Glorioso, Brad M, Halstead, Brian J, Hayes, Marc P, Honeycutt, R Ken, Hossack, Blake R, Kleeman, Patrick M, Lemos-Espinal, Julio A, Lorch, Jeffrey M, McCreary, Brome, Muths, Erin, Pearl, Christopher A, Richgels, Katherine LD, Robinson, Charles W, Roth, Mark F, Rowe, Jennifer C, Sadinski, Walt, Sigafus, Brent H, Stasiak, Iga, Sweet, Samuel, Walls, Susan C, Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J, White, C LeAnn, Williams, Lori A, and Winzeler, Megan E
- Subjects
Veterinary Sciences ,Agricultural ,Veterinary and Food Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Environmental Sciences ,Amphibians ,Animals ,Batrachochytrium ,Bayes Theorem ,DNA ,Fungal ,North America ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Species Specificity - Abstract
The salamander chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans [Bsal]) is causing massive mortality of salamanders in Europe. The potential for spread via international trade into North America and the high diversity of salamanders has catalyzed concern about Bsal in the U.S. Surveillance programs for invading pathogens must initially meet challenges that include low rates of occurrence on the landscape, low prevalence at a site, and imperfect detection of the diagnostic tests. We implemented a large-scale survey to determine if Bsal was present in North America designed to target taxa and localities where Bsal was determined highest risk to be present based on species susceptibility and geography. Our analysis included a Bayesian model to estimate the probability of occurrence of Bsal given our prior knowledge of the occurrence and prevalence of the pathogen. We failed to detect Bsal in any of 11,189 samples from 594 sites in 223 counties within 35 U.S. states and one site in Mexico. Our modeling indicates that Bsal is highly unlikely to occur within wild amphibians in the U.S. and suggests that the best proactive response is to continue mitigation efforts against the introduction and establishment of the disease and to develop plans to reduce impacts should Bsal establish.
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- 2020
37. Nanowarming and ice-free cryopreservation of large sized, intact porcine articular cartilage
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Peng Chen, Shangping Wang, Zhenzhen Chen, Pengling Ren, R. Glenn Hepfer, Elizabeth D. Greene, Lia H. Campbell, Kristi L. Helke, Xingju Nie, Jens H. Jensen, Cherice Hill, Yongren Wu, Kelvin G. M. Brockbank, and Hai Yao
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Large-sized articular cartilage samples are vitrified and warmed using nanoparticles to induce heat in a radiofrequency alternative magnetic field to improve post-warming performance.
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- 2023
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38. Identification and prediction of Parkinson’s disease subtypes and progression using machine learning in two cohorts
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Anant Dadu, Vipul Satone, Rachneet Kaur, Sayed Hadi Hashemi, Hampton Leonard, Hirotaka Iwaki, Mary B. Makarious, Kimberley J. Billingsley, Sara Bandres‐Ciga, Lana J. Sargent, Alastair J. Noyce, Ali Daneshmand, Cornelis Blauwendraat, Ken Marek, Sonja W. Scholz, Andrew B. Singleton, Mike A. Nalls, Roy H. Campbell, and Faraz Faghri
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract The clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by heterogeneity in age at onset, disease duration, rate of progression, and the constellation of motor versus non-motor features. There is an unmet need for the characterization of distinct disease subtypes as well as improved, individualized predictions of the disease course. We used unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods on comprehensive, longitudinal clinical data from the Parkinson’s Disease Progression Marker Initiative (n = 294 cases) to identify patient subtypes and to predict disease progression. The resulting models were validated in an independent, clinically well-characterized cohort from the Parkinson’s Disease Biomarker Program (n = 263 cases). Our analysis distinguished three distinct disease subtypes with highly predictable progression rates, corresponding to slow, moderate, and fast disease progression. We achieved highly accurate projections of disease progression 5 years after initial diagnosis with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.95 ± 0.01) for the slower progressing group (PDvec1), 0.87 ± 0.03 for moderate progressors, and 0.95 ± 0.02 for the fast-progressing group (PDvec3). We identified serum neurofilament light as a significant indicator of fast disease progression among other key biomarkers of interest. We replicated these findings in an independent cohort, released the analytical code, and developed models in an open science manner. Our data-driven study provides insights to deconstruct PD heterogeneity. This approach could have immediate implications for clinical trials by improving the detection of significant clinical outcomes. We anticipate that machine learning models will improve patient counseling, clinical trial design, and ultimately individualized patient care.
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- 2022
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39. Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles: emerging biomarkers and therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis/prognosis and treatment
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Wei Zhang, Douglas H. Campbell, Bradley J. Walsh, Nicolle H. Packer, Dingbin Liu, and Yuling Wang
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Pancreatic cancer ,Extracellular vesicles ,Cancer diagnosis/prognosis ,Cancer treatment ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide with high mortality, which is mainly due to the lack of reliable biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis/prognosis in the early stages and effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment. Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which carry various messages and signal biomolecules (e.g. RNAs, DNAs, proteins, lipids, and glycans) to constitute the key features (e.g. genetic and phenotypic status) of cancer cells, are regarded as highly competitive non-invasive biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis/prognosis. Additionally, new insights on the biogenesis and molecular functions of cancer-derived sEVs pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies based on cancer-derived sEVs for PDAC treatment such as inhibition of the formation or secretion of cancer-derived sEVs, using cancer-derived sEVs as drug carriers and for immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent scientific and clinical research on the discovery and involvement of key molecules in cancer-derived sEVs for PDAC diagnosis/prognosis and strategies using cancer-derived sEVs for PDAC treatment. The current limitations and emerging trends toward clinical application of cancer-derived sEVs in PDAC diagnosis/prognosis and treatment have also been discussed.
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- 2022
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40. 2,2′-Trisulfanediyldibenzoyl Chloride
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R. Alan Aitken, Alexandra H. Campbell, Chloé E. Fletcher, and Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
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X-ray structure ,trisulfane ,chalcogen–chalcogen interaction ,acid chloride ,Inorganic chemistry ,QD146-197 - Abstract
The X-ray structure of the title compound, formed at low conversion in the reaction of thiosalicylic acid with thionyl chloride, has been determined. The acid chloride groups are oriented to permit an attractive non-bonding O…S interaction. Mechanisms are suggested for the formation of this unexpected product. 1H and 13C NMR data are also reported for the first time for the major reaction product, 2-mercaptobenzoyl chloride.
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- 2023
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41. Priority research needs to inform amphibian conservation in the Anthropocene
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Evan H. Campbell Grant, Staci M. Amburgey, Brian Gratwicke, Victor Acosta‐Chaves, Anat M. Belasen, David Bickford, Carsten A. Brühl, Natalie E. Calatayud, Nick Clemann, Simon Clulow, Jelka Crnobrnja‐Isailovic, Jeff Dawson, David A. De Angelis, C. Kenneth Dodd Jr, Annette Evans, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Mattia Falaschi, Sergio González‐Mollinedo, David M. Green, Roseanna Gamlen‐Greene, Richard A. Griffiths, Brian J. Halstead, Craig Hassapakis, Geoffrey Heard, Catharina Karlsson, Tom Kirschey, Blake Klocke, Tiffany A. Kosch, Sophia Kusterko Novaes, Luke Linhoff, John C. Maerz, Brittany A. Mosher, Katherine O'Donnell, Leticia M. Ochoa‐Ochoa, Deanna H. Olson, Kristiina Ovaska, J. Dale Roberts, Aimee J. Silla, Tariq Stark, Jeanne Tarrant, R. Upton, Judit Vörös, and Erin Muths
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actions ,amphibian decline ,Anthropocene ,conservation needs ,priority research ,threats ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Abstract The problem of global amphibian declines has prompted extensive research over the last three decades. Initially, the focus was on identifying and characterizing the extent of the problem, but more recently efforts have shifted to evidence‐based research designed to identify best solutions and to improve conservation outcomes. Despite extensive accumulation of knowledge on amphibian declines, there remain knowledge gaps and disconnects between science and action that hamper our ability to advance conservation efforts. Using input from participants at the ninth World Congress of Herpetology, a U.S. Geological Survey Powell Center symposium, amphibian on‐line forums for discussion, the International Union for Conservation of Nature Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Gamete Biobanking group, and respondents to a survey, we developed a list of 25 priority research questions for amphibian conservation at this stage of the Anthropocene. We identified amphibian conservation research priorities while accounting for expected tradeoffs in geographic scope, costs, and the taxonomic breadth of research needs. We aimed to solicit views from individuals rather than organizations while acknowledging inequities in participation. Emerging research priorities (i.e., those under‐represented in recently published amphibian conservation literature) were identified, and included the effects of climate change, community‐level (rather than single species‐level) drivers of declines, methodological improvements for research and monitoring, genomics, and effects of land‐use change. Improved inclusion of under‐represented members of the amphibian conservation community was also identified as a priority. These research needs represent critical knowledge gaps for amphibian conservation although filling these gaps may not be necessary for many conservation actions.
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- 2023
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42. Vaccination, information and parental confidence in the digital age in England
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H. Campbell, P. Paterson, L. Letley, V. Saliba, S. Mounier-Jack, and J. Yarwood
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Childhood vaccination ,Vaccine confidence ,Decision making ,Internet ,Social media ,England ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Background: Immunisation programmes have led to substantial reductions in vaccine-preventable infectious diseases globally. A variety of factors have been shown to impact parental confidence and uptake of childhood vaccines, from concerns about vaccine safety to a lack of perceived need. Determinants of vaccine decision making include information, risk perceptions, and modifying factors such as attitude, identity, norms, habit and barriers. With the rise of the internet and social media, there has been a vast increase in information available about vaccines, not all scientifically-based and well-informed. Methods: 285 locations in England were randomly selected to survey a nationally representative sample of the English population. 1735 primary care givers of children aged between 2 months and
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- 2023
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43. Beyond Point Masses. II. Non-Keplerian Shape Effects Are Detectable in Several TNO Binaries
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Benjamin C. N. Proudfoot, Darin A. Ragozzine, Meagan L. Thatcher, Will Grundy, Dallin J. Spencer, Tahina M. Alailima, Sawyer Allen, Penelope C. Bowden, Susanne Byrd, Conner D. Camacho, Gibson H. Campbell, Edison P. Carlisle, Jacob A. Christensen, Noah K. Christensen, Kaelyn Clement, Benjamin J. Derieg, Mara K. Dille, Cristian Dorrett, Abigail L. Ellefson, Taylor S. Fleming, N. J. Freeman, Ethan J. Gibson, William G. Giforos, Jacob A. Guerrette, Olivia Haddock, S. Ashton Hammond, Zachary A. Hampson, Joshua D. Hancock, Madeline S. Harmer, Joseph R. Henderson, Chandler R. Jensen, David Jensen, Ryleigh E. Jensen, Joshua S. Jones, Cameron C. Kubal, Jacob N. Lunt, Stephanie Martins, McKenna Matheson, Dahlia Maxwell, Timothy D. Morrell, McKenna M. Myckowiak, Maia A. Nelsen, Spencer T. Neu, Giovanna G. Nuccitelli, Kayson M. Reardon, Austin S. Reid, Kenneth G. Richards, Megan R. W. Robertson, Tanner D. Rydalch, Conner B. Scoresby, Ryan L. Scott, Zacory D. Shakespear, Elliot A. Silveira, Grace C. Steed, Christiana Z. Suggs, Garrett D. Suggs, Derek M. Tobias, Matthew L. Toole, McKayla L. Townsend, Kade L. Vickers, Collin R. Wagner, Madeline S. Wright, and Emma M. A. Zappala
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Trans-Neptunian objects ,Small Solar System bodies ,Asteroid satellites ,Astronomy ,QB1-991 - Abstract
About 40 trans-Neptunian binaries (TNBs) have fully determined orbits with about 10 others being solved except for breaking the mirror ambiguity. Despite decades of study, almost all TNBs have only ever been analyzed with a model that assumes perfect Keplerian motion (e.g., two point masses). In reality, all TNB systems are non-Keplerian due to nonspherical shapes, possible presence of undetected system components, and/or solar perturbations. In this work, we focus on identifying candidates for detectable non-Keplerian motion based on sample of 45 well-characterized binaries. We use MultiMoon , a non-Keplerian Bayesian inference tool, to analyze published relative astrometry allowing for nonspherical shapes of each TNB system’s primary. We first reproduce the results of previous Keplerian fitting efforts with MultiMoon , which serves as a comparison for the non-Keplerian fits and confirms that these fits are not biased by the assumption of a Keplerian orbit. We unambiguously detect non-Keplerian motion in eight TNB systems across a range of primary radii, mutual orbit separations, and system masses. As a proof of concept for non-Keplerian fitting, we perform detailed fits for (66652) Borasisi-Pabu, possibly revealing a J _2 ≈ 0.44, implying Borasisi (and/or Pabu) may be a contact binary or an unresolved compact binary. However, full confirmation of this result will require new observations. This work begins the next generation of TNB analyses that go beyond the point mass assumption to provide unique and valuable information on the physical properties of TNBs with implications for their formation and evolution.
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- 2024
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44. Speciation with gene flow in a narrow endemic West Virginia cave salamander (Gyrinophilus subterraneus)
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Grant, Evan H. Campbell, Mulder, Kevin P., Brand, Adrianne B., Chambers, Douglas B., Wynn, Addison H., Capshaw, Grace, Niemiller, Matthew L., Phillips, John G., Jacobs, Jeremy F., Kuchta, Shawn R., and Bell, Rayna C.
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- 2022
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45. Insulin signaling as a therapeutic mechanism of lithium in bipolar disorder
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Iain H. Campbell, Harry Campbell, and Daniel J. Smith
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we propose that lithium may exert its therapeutic effect in bipolar disorder by acting on insulin signaling pathways. Specifically, we assess the importance of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt) insulin signaling pathway and we assess how the action of lithium on both glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and the phosphatidylinositol cycle may lead to mood stabilization mediated by PI3K/Akt insulin signaling. We also highlight evidence that several other actions of lithium (including effects on Akt, Protein kinase C (PKC), and sodium myo-inositol transporters) are putative mediators of insulin signaling. This novel mode of action of lithium is consistent with an emerging consensus that energy dysregulation represents a core deficit in bipolar disorder. It may also provide context for the significant co-morbidity between bipolar disorder, type 2 diabetes, and other forms of metabolic illness characterized by impaired glucose metabolism. It is suggested that developments in assessing neuronal insulin signaling using extracellular vesicles would allow for this hypothesis to be tested in bipolar disorder patients.
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- 2022
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46. Application of Aligned-UMAP to longitudinal biomedical studies
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Anant Dadu, Vipul K. Satone, Rachneet Kaur, Mathew J. Koretsky, Hirotaka Iwaki, Yue A. Qi, Daniel M. Ramos, Brian Avants, Jacob Hesterman, Roger Gunn, Mark R. Cookson, Michael E. Ward, Andrew B. Singleton, Roy H. Campbell, Mike A. Nalls, and Faraz Faghri
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DSML 3: Development/pre-production: Data science output has been rolled out/validated across multiple domains/problems ,Computer software ,QA76.75-76.765 - Abstract
Summary: High-dimensional data analysis starts with projecting the data to low dimensions to visualize and understand the underlying data structure. Several methods have been developed for dimensionality reduction, but they are limited to cross-sectional datasets. The recently proposed Aligned-UMAP, an extension of the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) algorithm, can visualize high-dimensional longitudinal datasets. We demonstrated its utility for researchers to identify exciting patterns and trajectories within enormous datasets in biological sciences. We found that the algorithm parameters also play a crucial role and must be tuned carefully to utilize the algorithm’s potential fully. We also discussed key points to remember and directions for future extensions of Aligned-UMAP. Further, we made our code open source to enhance the reproducibility and applicability of our work. We believe our benchmarking study becomes more important as more and more high-dimensional longitudinal data in biomedical research become available. The bigger picture: Longitudinal multi-dimensional biological datasets are ubiquitous and highly abundant. These datasets are essential to understanding disease progression, identifying subtypes, and discovering drugs. Discovering meaningful patterns or disease pathophysiologies in these datasets is challenging due to their high dimensionality, making it difficult to visualize hidden patterns. In this work, we applied Aligned-UMAP on a broad spectrum of clinical, imaging, proteomics, and single-cell datasets. Aligned-UMAP reveals time-dependent hidden patterns when color coded with the metadata. Altogether, based on its ease of use and our evaluation of its performance on different modalities, we anticipate that Aligned-UMAP will be a valuable tool for the biomedical community.
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- 2023
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47. Prevalence of COVID‐19 vaccine reactogenicity among Bangladeshi physicians
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Md. Anwarul Azim Majumder, Afzalunnessa Binte Lutfor, Ahbab Mohammad Fazle Rabbi, A. B. M. Muksudul Alam, Mizanur Rahman, Narayan Saha, Michael H. Campbell, Mainul Haque, Kamrun Nessa, Mohib Ullah Khondoker, Tapas Ranjan Das, Sayeeda Rahman, Fauzia Jahan, Saidur Rahman Mashreky, Abrar Wahab, Md. Tosaddeque Hossain Siddiqui, Karisha Hinkson‐Lacorbiniere, Roksana Ivy, Rezaul Islam, Yusuf Haider, Eliza Omar, S. M. Moslehuddin Ahmed, A. M. Selim Reza, A. K. M. Daud, Muiz Uddin Ahmed Choudhury, Md. Abed Hossain, Abdul Matin Pappu, Nusrat Jahan, and Mohammed S. Razzaque
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AstraZeneca vaccine ,Bangladesh ,COVID‐19 ,physicians ,reactogenicity ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Increased COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy presents a major hurdle in global efforts to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of adverse events after the first dose of the Covishield (AstraZeneca) vaccine among physicians in Bangladesh. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire for physicians (n = 916) in Bangladesh. Physicians who received at least one dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine were included. The study was carried out from April 12 to May 31, 2021. More than 58% of respondents (n = 533) reported one or more adverse events. Soreness of the injected arm (71.9%), tiredness (56.1%), fever (54.4%), soreness of muscles (48.4%), headache (41.5%) and sleeping more than usual (26.8%) were the most commonly reported adverse events. Most vaccine‐related reactogenicities were reported by the younger cohorts (
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- 2022
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48. Multi-modality machine learning predicting Parkinson’s disease
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Mary B. Makarious, Hampton L. Leonard, Dan Vitale, Hirotaka Iwaki, Lana Sargent, Anant Dadu, Ivo Violich, Elizabeth Hutchins, David Saffo, Sara Bandres-Ciga, Jonggeol Jeff Kim, Yeajin Song, Melina Maleknia, Matt Bookman, Willy Nojopranoto, Roy H. Campbell, Sayed Hadi Hashemi, Juan A. Botia, John F. Carter, David W. Craig, Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen, Huw R. Morris, John A. Hardy, Cornelis Blauwendraat, Andrew B. Singleton, Faraz Faghri, and Mike A. Nalls
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Personalized medicine promises individualized disease prediction and treatment. The convergence of machine learning (ML) and available multimodal data is key moving forward. We build upon previous work to deliver multimodal predictions of Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk and systematically develop a model using GenoML, an automated ML package, to make improved multi-omic predictions of PD, validated in an external cohort. We investigated top features, constructed hypothesis-free disease-relevant networks, and investigated drug–gene interactions. We performed automated ML on multimodal data from the Parkinson’s progression marker initiative (PPMI). After selecting the best performing algorithm, all PPMI data was used to tune the selected model. The model was validated in the Parkinson’s Disease Biomarker Program (PDBP) dataset. Our initial model showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 89.72% for the diagnosis of PD. The tuned model was then tested for validation on external data (PDBP, AUC 85.03%). Optimizing thresholds for classification increased the diagnosis prediction accuracy and other metrics. Finally, networks were built to identify gene communities specific to PD. Combining data modalities outperforms the single biomarker paradigm. UPSIT and PRS contributed most to the predictive power of the model, but the accuracy of these are supplemented by many smaller effect transcripts and risk SNPs. Our model is best suited to identifying large groups of individuals to monitor within a health registry or biobank to prioritize for further testing. This approach allows complex predictive models to be reproducible and accessible to the community, with the package, code, and results publicly available.
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- 2022
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49. The incidence of periocular melanoma: An epidemiologic study in Olmsted County, Minnesota
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Olivia M. Crum, MD, Elliott H. Campbell, MD, Sydney L. Proffer, MD, MS, Jacob P. Reinhart, MD, Lilly H. Wagner, MD, Lawrence E. Gibson, MD, Jerry D. Brewer, MD, MS, and Addison M. Demer, MD
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epidemiology ,incidence ,melanoma ,periocular ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Published
- 2023
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50. Predicted Occurrence of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) across the Northeastern United States.
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Pekurny, Lindsey, Grant, Evan H. Campbell, and Mosher, Brittany A.
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MATING grounds , *WILDLIFE conservation , *NEWTS , *FIELD research , *NATURAL resources - Abstract
Effective conservation is becoming more difficult as threats to wildlife increase. Natural resource managers are pressured to make difficult decisions with limited resources, and in many instances, large uncertainty. Scientists and managers tasked with the conservation of a species need tools to help guide efficient decision-making. Often, information for management decisions is insufficient. Tools that help to inform decision makers and address uncertainty are invaluable to effective conservation initiatives. The objective of our study was to create a model to best predict Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) breeding occurrence across the northeastern United States. We estimated relationships between breeding newt field survey data and landscape-level covariates while accounting for imperfect detection. We then used those relationships to map expected newt breeding site occupancy across the northeastern United States. We find that newt breeding occupancy is inversely correlated to the amount of human influence in a landscape, highlighting a key existing threat to Eastern Newts that may be exacerbated by the introduction of novel pathogens, such as the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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