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20. Acquisition of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins by Salmonella entirica subsp. enterica serovar Newport and Escherichia coli in the turkey poult intestinal tract

Author

Poppe, C., Martin, L. C., Gyles, C. L., Reid-Smith, R., Boerlin, P., Forward, K. R., Prescott, J. F., and McEwen, S. A.

Subjects
Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Research, Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Salmonella enteritidis -- Genetic aspects, Cephaloridine -- Research, Cephalosporins -- Research, Moxalactam -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The mechanisms and frequency of transfer of resistance of the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) by Escherichia coli and the acquisition of such resistance by antimicrobial-susceptible Salmonella serovar Newport bacteria in the turkey poult intestinal tract are examined. It is demonstrated that Salmonella serovar Newport can become resistant to ESCs and other antibiotics by acquiring a conjugative drug resistance plasmid from E. coli in the intestines.

Published
2005

22. Brief Reports on All Topics

Author

Alfaro, Guillermo, Arai, Toshihiko, Ando, Takao, Komatsu, Sadao, Komatsu, Yoko, Kobayashi, Akio, Baquero, F., Sanchez, F., Rubio, V., Tenorio, A., Baron, L. S., Kopecko, D. J., Reid, W. C., McCowen, S. M., Barua, D., Richmond, M. H., Bertrand, K., Postle, K., Wray, L., Reznikoff, W., Binns, M. M., Carr, F. P. A., Levine, R. P., Bölin, Ingrid, Engberg, Birgitta, Wolf-Watz, Hans, Burman, Lars G., Lindh, Solveig, Butler, T., Joiner, K., Tally, F., Gorbach, S. L., Malamy, S., Bartlett, J., Cabello, F. C., Aguero, M. E., Cafferkey, M., Dowd, G., Keanne, C., Hone, R., Pomeroy, H., Dougan, G., Carlton, Bruce C., González, José M., Jr., Chassy, Bruce, Rokaw, Enid, Chiang, S. J., Clowes, R. C., Chopra, I., Ball, P. R., Eccles, S. J., Shales, S. W., Clancy, Joanna, Savage, Dwayne C., Coleman, D. C., Delappe, Irving P., De Wilde, Michel, Ysebaert, Marc, Harford, Nigel, Dunny, G., Funk, C., Ehrenfeld, E., Edlund, Thomas, Normark, Staffan, Elwell, Lynn P., Fling, Mary E., Walton, Leslie, Espinosa-Lara, A., Martínez, Figurski, D., Pohlman, R., Bechhofer, D., Prince, A., Kelton, C., Finver, S., Yamamoto, T., Bricker, J., Kaji, A., Franklin, F. C. H., Bagdasarian, M., Bagdasarian, M. M., Timmis, K. N., Frost, Laura, Siminoski, Kerry, Watts, Tania, Worobec, Betty, Paranchych, William, Garcia-Lobo, Juan M., León, Javier, Ortiz, Jose M., Gawron-Burke, C., Franke, A., Gómez-Eichelmann, M. Carmen, Gray, Gary S., Guild, Walter R., Hazum, Shulamith, Smith, Michael D., Cabezon, Teresa, Harnett, N. M., Gyles, C. L., Hogan, J., Kline, B., Högenaur, G., Kricek, F., Ostermann, E., Horodniceanu, Thea, Le Bouguenec, Chantal, Buu-Hoï, Annie, Jackson, W. J., Bohlander, F. A., John, J. F., Newton, C. M., Twitty, J. A., Liu, S.-T., Kagan, Sarah A., Kehoe, M., Sellwood, R., Khatoon, Hajra, Ali, S. Amir, Najeeb, S. M., Takahashi, Shinji, Labigne-Roussel, A., Gerbaud, G., Courvalin, P., Laux, David C., Myhal, M. Lynn, Cohen, Paul S., Lederberg, E. M., Levin, Morris A., Hagiya, M., Kao, J. C., Perry, K. L., Kado, C. I., Evans, R. P., Jones, K. R., Tobian, J. Ash, Marshall, B., Schluederberg, S., Rowse-Eagle, D., Summers, A. O., Levy, S. B., Mays, T. D., Macrina, F. L., Welch, R. A., Smith, C. J., McIntire, Sarah A., Dempsey, Walter B., McMurry, L., Cullinane, J., Petrucci, R., Jr., Levy, S., Medeiros, A. A., Gilleece, E. S., O’Brien, T. F., Mendoza, Alexis, Ramirez, José L., Lemoine, Vidal Rodriguez, Moore, Deanna, Sowa, Blair, Ippen-Ihler, Karin, Moseley, Steve L., Huq, Imdadul, Falkow, Stanley, Davies, John K., Hagblom, Per, Norgren, Mari, Norlander, Lena, Korch, Christopher, O’Reilly, M., Arbuthnott, J. P., Foster, T. J., Palchaudhuri, Sunil, Mitra, Gopa, Irino, Kinue, Peluffo, Ciro A., Perea, E. J., Palomares, J. C., Prieto, Gustavo, Piepersberg, Wolfgang, Martinez, Ada, Vargas, Jeannette, Marin, Carmen, Privitera, Gaetano, Fayolle, Françoise, Sebald, Madeleine, Pruzzo, C., Valisena, S., Debbia, E., Satta, G., Reis, M. H. L., Gomes, T. A. T., Affonso, M. H. T., Trabulsi, L. R., Cavazza, María E., Rodriguez, M., Iyer, V. N., Proctor, G. Neal, Rownd, Robert H., Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S., Paterson, A., Buswell, J., Sanchez, J., Bennett, P. M., Santos, D. S., Tanaka, I. I., Saunders, J. R., Flett, Fiona, Humphreys, G. O., Edlind, Thomas D., Ihler, Garret M., Schaberg, D. R., Clewell, D. B., Glatzer, L., Schmidt, Francis J., Peterson, Virginia E., Schmidt, L., Inselburg, J., Scott, June R., Cowan, Jack A., Sgaramella, V., De Fazio, G., Ferretti, L., Grandi, G., Mottes, M., Palla, E., Stibits, E. Scott, Stieglitz, Heather, Olarte, Jorge, Kupersztoch-Portnoy, Yankel M., Stuy, Johan H., Walter, Ronald B., Tardif, Ginette, Grant, Robert B., Shipley, P. L., Allen, A. D., Swanson, T. N., Torres, Haydée K., Tzelepi, E., Angelatou, F., Kontomichalou, R., Vomvoyani, B., Uhlin, Bernt Eric, Clark, Alvin J., Walker, Graham C., Langer, Pamela J., Shanabruch, William G., Elledge, Stephen J., Winans, Stephen C., Wilson, C. Ron, Skinner, Sarah E., Shaw, William V., Winther, Michael D., Cross, George A. M., Yang, H.-L., Zubay, G., Cashel, M., Yagi, Y., Kessler, R., Brown, B., Lopatin, D., Clewell, D., Levy, Stuart B., Levy, Stuart B., editor, Clowes, Royston C., editor, and Koenig, Ellen L., editor

Published
1981
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23. Salmonella

Author

Libby, S. J., primary, Halsey, T. A., additional, Altier, C., additional, Potter, J., additional, and Gyles, C. L., additional

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27. Prevention of edema disease in pigs by vaccination with verotoxin 2e toxoid

Author

Johansen, M, Andresen, L O, Jorsal, S E, Thomsen, L K, Waddell, T E, and Gyles, C L

Subjects
Swine, Bacterial Toxins, Vaccination, Edema Disease of Swine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Weight Gain, Antibodies, Bacterial, Injections, Intramuscular, Models, Biological, Shiga Toxin 2, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Bacterial Vaccines, Escherichia coli, Animals, Female, Single-Blind Method, Lymph Nodes, Research Article
Abstract

Pigs in 2 herds with persistent problems with post weaning edema disease caused by infection with verotoxin-2e (VT2e)-producing Escherichia coli O139 were treated with a VT2e-toxoid vaccine. Treatment was performed as a randomized blind field trial with parallel treatment and non-vaccinated control groups. In 1 herd, a group of pigs was injected with adjuvant alone. Pigs were vaccinated at 1 and 3 wk of age and weaned at 4 wk of age. The effect of vaccination was measured by average daily weight gain (ADG), mortality due to edema disease within the 1st 4 wk after weaning, and weight at 3-6 mo of age. Pathological and microbiological examinations were performed on all pigs that died during the 1st 4 wk post weaning. Only pigs from which VT2e+, F18+ E. coli O139 was isolated were categorized as "death due to edema disease." The serological response to vaccination was evaluated by an indirect ELISA. Vaccination had a statistically significant effect on the level of antibodies specific for VT2e in both herds. Vaccination resulted in a statistically significant increase in ADG in the nursery period but not in the grower-finishing period. Vaccination had a statistically significant effect on mortality due to edema disease with an odds ratio of 0.039, indicating that there was almost total elimination of mortality due to the disease in the vaccine groups.

Published
1997

35. Vero Cytotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Dairy Farm Families

Author

Wilson, J. B., primary, Clarke, R. C., additional, Renwick, S. A., additional, Rahn, v., additional, Johnson, R. P., additional, Karmali, M. A., additional, Lior, H., additional, Alves, D., additional, Gyles, C. L., additional, Sandhu, K. S., additional, McEwen, S. A., additional, and Spika, J. S., additional

Published
1996
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49. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli:An overview1

Author

Gyles, C. L.

Abstract

The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of cattle in human disease due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli(STEC) and to discuss features of STEC that are important in human disease. Healthy dairy and beef cattle are a major reservoir of a diverse group of STEC that infects humans through contamination of food and water, as well as through direct contact. Infection of humans by STEC may result in combinations of watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Systems of serotyping, subtyping, and virulence typing of STEC are used to aid in epidemiology, diagnosis, and pathogenesis studies. Severe disease and outbreaks of disease are most commonly due to serotype O157:H7, which, like most other highly pathogenic STEC, colonize the large intestine by means of a characteristic attaching and effacing lesion. This lesion is induced by a bacterial type III secretion system that injects effector proteins into the intestinal epithelial cell, resulting in profound changes in the architecture and metabolism of the host cell and intimate adherence of the bacteria. Severe disease in the form of bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic uremic syndrome is attributable to Shiga toxin (Stx), which exists as 2 major types, Stx1 and Stx2. The stxgenes are encoded on temperate bacteriophages in the chromosome of the bacteria, and production and release of the toxin are highly dependent on induction of the phages. Regulation of the genes involved in induction of the attaching and effacing lesion, and production of Stx is complex. In addition to these genes that are clearly implicated in virulence, there are several putative virulence factors. A major public health goal is to prevent STEC-induced disease in humans. Studies aimed at understanding factors that affect carriage and shedding of STEC by cattle and factors that contribute to development of disease in humans are considered to be important in achieving this objective.

Published
2007
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