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Background/Aims Combination of midazolam and opioids is used widely for endoscopic sedation. Compared with meperidine, fentanyl is reportedly associated with rapid recovery, turnover rate of endoscopy room, and quality of endoscopy. We compared fentanyl with meperidine when combined with midazolam for sedative colonoscopy. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional, 1:2 matching study was conducted. Induction and recovery time were compared as the primary outcomes. Moreover, cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, total procedure time of colonoscopy, paradoxical reaction, adenoma detection rate, and adverse effect of midazolam or opioids were assessed as the secondary outcomes. Results A total of 129 subjects (43 fentanyl vs. 86 meperidine) were included in the analysis. The fentanyl group showed significantly more rapid induction time (4.5±2.7 min vs. 7.5±4.7 min, p

Background : This study extends the findings of our previous examination of the relationship between obesity and depression in Korean adults. Here, we further investigate the relationships among body image perception, weight control method, and depression based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014 and 2016. Methods : In total, we analyzed 11,782 participants. We classified them into four groups according to body mass index (BMI): underweight (BMI 30.0 kg/m²). Current depression was defined as a score of at least 10 on the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We performed chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the relationships among BMI, body image perception, method of weight control, and depression. Results : Depression was diagnosed in 6.5% of the study participants. The underweight group had the highest odds ratio (OR) for depression (OR, 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–2.65). Further, participants in the extremely lean subgroup within the underweight group had an even higher OR for depression (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.28–4.10). Regarding weight management methods, the rate of depression was higher for fasting and for skipping or reducing a meal than for exercise. Conclusion : Biased BMI and body image perception are associated with increased incidence of depression. In addition, specific weight control methods, such as fasting, skipping a meal, and reducing food consumption, are also associated with increased incidence of depression.

Background/Aims Helicobacter pylori infection may be associated with extra-digestive diseases such as coronary artery disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune disease. Many studies used serological tests to diagnose of H. pylori infection, but these methods detected past and current infection. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between current infection of H. pylori and autoimmune thyroid disease. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with those who received screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. The subjects were categorized into two groups that were H. pylori infected group and no H. pylori infected group. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody was compared as the primary outcome between two groups. Also, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, rheumatoid factor (RF) levels and thyroid function were compared. Results A total of 43,321 subjects were included in the analysis. The number of H. pylori positive subjects was 15,927 and H. pylori negative was 27,394. Anti-TPO antibodies positive rate of H. pylori positive group was 8.27% (n=1,317) and H. pylori negative group was 9.47% (n=2,595) in the univariate analysis (p<0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, the positive rate of anti-TPO antibody in the H. pylori positive group was significantly lower (odds ratio, 0.877; 95% confidence limits, 0.818 to 0.941; Pr >chi-square 0.0002) than in the H. pylori negative group and RF positive rate in the H. pylori positive group was significantly lower (odds ratio, 0.898; 95% confidence limits, 0.74 to 0.86; Pr >chi-square <0.0001) than in the H. pylori negative group when age, sex and body mass index were adjusted as covariates. Conclusions Current H. pylori infection had a statistically significant effect on the positive rate of anti-TPO antibody and RF inversely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]