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1. Mars 2020 Perseverance rover studies of the Martian atmosphere over Jezero from pressure measurements

Author

Sánchez-Lavega, A., del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, T., Hueso, R., Juárez, M. de la Torre, Martínez, G. M., Harri, A. -M., Genzer, M., Hieta, M., Polkko, J., Rodríguez-Manfredi, J. A., Lemmon, M. T., Pla-García, J., Toledo, D., Vicente-Retortillo, A., Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Munguira, A., Tamppari, L. K., Newman, C., Gómez-Elvira, J., Guzewich, S., Bertrand, T., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Wolff, M., Banfield, D., Jaakonaho, I., and Mäkinen, T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The pressure sensors on Mars rover Perseverance measure the pressure field in the Jezero crater on regular hourly basis starting in sol 15 after landing. The present study extends up to sol 460 encompassing the range of solar longitudes from Ls 13{\deg} - 241{\deg} (Martian Year (MY) 36). The data show the changing daily pressure cycle, the sol-to-sol seasonal evolution of the mean pressure field driven by the CO2 sublimation and deposition cycle at the poles, the characterization of up to six components of the atmospheric tides and their relationship to dust content in the atmosphere. They also show the presence of wave disturbances with periods 2-5 sols, exploring their baroclinic nature, short period oscillations (mainly at night-time) in the range 8-24 minutes that we interpret as internal gravity waves, transient pressure drops with duration 1-150 s produced by vortices, and rapid turbulent fluctuations. We also analyze the effects on pressure measurements produced by a regional dust storm over Jezero at Ls 155{\deg}.

Published
2024
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2. The Mars Science Laboratory record of optical depth measurements via solar imaging

Author

Lemmon, M. T., Guzewich, S. D., Battalio, J. M., Malin, M. C., Vicente-Retortillo, A., Zorzano, M. -P., Martin-Torres, J., Sullivan, R., Maki, J. N., Smith, M. D., and Bell III, J. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has monitored the Martian environment in Gale crater since landing in 2012. This study reports the record of optical depth derived from visible and near-infrared images of the Sun. Aerosol optical depth, which is mostly due to dust but also includes ice, dominates the record, with gas optical depth too small to measure. The optical depth record includes the effects of regional dust storms and one planet-encircling dust event, showing the expected peaks during southern spring and summer and relatively lower and more stable optical depth in fall and winter. The measurements show that there is a seasonally varying diurnal change in dust load, with the optical depth peaking in the morning during southern spring and summer, correlated with thermotidal pressure changes. However, there was no systematic diurnal change during autumn and winter, except after one regional storm. There were indications that the dust was relatively enhanced at high altitudes during high-optical-depth periods and that high-altitude ice was significant during winter. The observations did not provide much information about particle size or composition, but they were consistent with a smaller particle size after aphelion (in southern winter). No scattering halos were seen in associated sky images, even when there was visual evidence of ice hazes or clouds, which suggests small or amorphous ice particles. Unexpectedly, the measurement campaign revealed that the cameras collected saltating sand in their sunshades 1.97 m above the surface. As a result, the measurement strategy had to be adjusted to avoid high-elevation imaging to avoid sand covering the optics.

Published
2023

3. The diverse meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author

Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A., de la Torre Juarez, M., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martinez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., De Vicente-Retortillo, A., Viudez-Moreiras, D., Ramos, M., Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gomez-Elvira, J., Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, T., Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairén, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., Garcia-Villadangos, M., Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A.-M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martin, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Perez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Rafkin, S. C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijärvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., and Zurita, S.

Published
2023
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4. Iridescence Reveals the Formation and Growth of Ice Aerosols in Martian Noctilucent Clouds.

Author

Lemmon, M. T., Vicente‐Retortillo, A., Guzewich, S. D., Juárez, M. de la Torre, Innanen, A. C., Campbell, C. L., Maki, J. N., Malin, M. C., and Moores, J. E.

Subjects
ICE formation & growth, MARS rovers, NOCTILUCENT clouds, CARBON dioxide in water, MARTIAN atmosphere
Abstract

Water and carbon dioxide each form mesospheric clouds on Mars. At such altitudes (40–100 km), clouds may remain sunlit for part of the night. We describe a previously unreported, visually spectacular season of iridescent, noctilucent clouds visible in early southern autumn from the Curiosity rover's site in Gale crater. Ice nucleation begins near sunset with a narrow range of particle sizes, and the ice aerosols grow and precipitate. The iridescence, visible through three‐color imaging, arises from locally uniform particle sizes resulting from similar growth histories. Colorful fall streaks show the clouds evolving, and a scattering corona shows size uniformity over large areas. The terminator was observed on the clouds, allowing the determination of cloud altitudes and a likely CO2 composition. This is the first observation of particle size variations within individual Martian clouds, allowing a new probe of Martian cloud physics. Plain Language Summary: Water and carbon dioxide each form high‐altitude (40–100 km) clouds on Mars. Clouds at those altitudes on Earth can be noctilucent—night‐shining—when they are illuminated by sunlight while the world below is dark. Noctilucent clouds have been seen on Mars but were not expected around the Curiosity rover site. Curiosity rover images from early southern autumn show clouds that are not only noctilucent, but they are also colorful with a mother‐of‐pearl appearance due to iridescence—such clouds are called nacreous on Earth. Curiosity's environmental data record shows that the clouds have consistently formed near sunset in that season. By looking at the timing of when Mars' shadow falls on the cirrus‐like clouds, we found that they are 50–80 km high and are probably carbon dioxide ice, but there are lower layers of wave‐like clouds that may be water ice. The pastel red, orange, green, and blue fringes of the clouds, which would be easily visible to an astronaut on Mars, help us understand the size of the cloud particles and how they grow and change. Key Points: Curiosity rover images reveal a previously unknown, visually spectacular cloud season in the Martian tropics during early southern autumnIridescence in the noctilucent clouds requires a narrow particle size distribution, implying a brief evolution in a uniform environmentSuch images, with contextual information, probe the formation and growth processes within Martian clouds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Dust Dynamics in Gale Crater Observed Using the Line‐Of‐Sight Extinction Through 3,663 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission.

Author

Bischof, G., Guzewich, S. D., Moores, J. E., Lemmon, M. T., Battalio, J. M., Hayes, C. W., Innanen, A. C., and Smith, C. L.

Subjects
MARS rovers, GALE Crater (Mars), VERTICAL mixing (Earth sciences), DUST, LABORATORIES
Abstract

The Curiosity Rover has been exploring the Gale Crater using the on‐board Navigation Camera to monitor the line‐of‐sight (LOS) dust extinction within the crater. Previous studies of the line‐of‐sight extinction have shown an annual trend where a minimum in extinction occurs around Ls = 100° and a maximum occurs around Ls = 300°. However, past studies have been constrained to images acquired only between 10:00 and 14:00 local time, limiting our understanding of the variation of dust extinction in Gale Crater throughout the day. Here, using a method that corrects for variable lighting geometry, we reanalyze the line‐of‐sight images captured throughout the mission to include images acquired in the early morning and late afternoon. Additionally, we update the line‐of‐sight record to include over 1,000 additional sols of the mission through sol 3,663, which updates our record of extinction in Gale to the end of Mars Year 36—a period of almost 5.5 Mars Years. Using images taken throughout the sol, we examine the diurnal trend in dust extinction, where a maximum is seen around solar noon. This diurnal trend is observed throughout the year, with a larger diurnal variation observed during the southern summer. Additionally, the geographic homogeneity in dust loading is quantified, with higher dust loading observed in the western portion of the line‐of‐sight images, corresponding with the north‐western portion of the crater rim. These observations suggest that dust lifting from the surface and vertical mixing are factors in the diurnal, seasonal, and geographic dynamics observed in the extinctions. Plain Language Summary: The Curiosity Rover has used its Navigation Camera to image the northern rim of Gale Crater for over 3,000 martian days. These images are used to calculate the amount of airborne dust between the rover and the crater rim. Past studies using these images found that the amount of dust was lowest during southern‐hemisphere winter and highest during southern‐hemisphere summer. In this work, a new method to find the amount of dust was used, allowing us to use images taken throughout the day for the first time. The entire set of crater rim images was reanlayzed using the new method, including new images captured up to sol 3,663. We find a daily cycle, where the amount of dust in the air is lowest in the morning and evening, and highest around noon. In addition, there is more airborne dust between the rover and the crater rim on the western side of the image compared with the center and eastern side. This suggests that dust is moving within the Gale Crater on short timescales, where dust lifting from the surface likely plays a key role in the diurnal trend, in combination with air outside the crater mixing with air within the crater. Key Points: The line‐of‐sight dust extinction is calculated through 3,663 sols using the Mars Science Laboratory's Navigation CameraDiurnally, the dust extinction peaks at solar noon, with lower values in the morning and eveningThe diurnal variation is higher during the dustier southern summer and lower during the southern winter when dust extinction is at a minimum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. The Mars Science Laboratory record of optical depth measurements via solar imaging

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), UK Space Agency, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Lemmon, M. T., Guzewich, S. D., Battalio, J. M., Malin, M. C., Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro, Zorzano, María Paz, Martín-Torres, F. J., Sullivan, R., Maki, J. N., Smith, M. D., Bell, J.F. III, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), UK Space Agency, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Lemmon, M. T., Guzewich, S. D., Battalio, J. M., Malin, M. C., Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro, Zorzano, María Paz, Martín-Torres, F. J., Sullivan, R., Maki, J. N., Smith, M. D., and Bell, J.F. III

Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has monitored the Martian environment in Gale crater since landing in 2012. This study reports the record of optical depth derived from visible and near-infrared images of the Sun. Aerosol optical depth, which is mostly due to dust but also includes ice, dominates the record, with gas optical depth too small to measure. The optical depth record includes the effects of regional dust storms and one planet-encircling dust event, showing the expected peaks during southern spring and summer and relatively lower and more stable optical depth in fall and winter. The measurements show that there is a seasonally varying diurnal change in dust load, with the optical depth peaking in the morning during southern spring and summer, correlated with thermotidal pressure changes. However, there was no systematic diurnal change during autumn and winter, except after one regional storm. There were indications that the dust was relatively enhanced at high altitudes during high-optical-depth periods and that high-altitude ice was significant during winter. The observations did not provide much information about particle size or composition, but they were consistent with a smaller particle size after aphelion (in southern winter). No scattering halos were seen in associated sky images, even when there was visual evidence of ice hazes or clouds, which suggests small or amorphous ice particles. Unexpectedly, the measurement campaign revealed that the cameras collected saltating sand in their sunshades 1.97 m above the surface. As a result, the measurement strategy had to be adjusted to avoid high-elevation imaging to avoid sand covering the optics.

Published
2024

7. The diverse meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), European Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815], Torre Juarez, Manuel de la [0000-0003-1393-5297], Sánchez-Lavega, A. [0000-0001-7234-7634], Hueso, R. [0000-0003-0169-123X], Martinez, G. [0000-0001-5885-236X], Lemmon, M. T. [0000-0002-4504-5136], Newman, C. E. [0000-0001-9990-8817], Munguira, A. [0000-0002-1677-6327], Jaakonaho, I. [0000-0001-7343-5556], Viudez-Moreiras, D. [0000-0001-8442-3788], Ramos, M. Ángeles [0000-0003-3648-6818], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Lepinette, A. [0000-0002-5213-3521], Sullivan, R. J. [0000-0003-4191-598X], Apestigue, V. [0000-0002-4349-8019], Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del [0000-0001-8552-226X], Murdoch, N. [0000-0002-9701-4075], Arruego, I. [0000-0001-9705-9743], Banfield, D. [0000-0003-2664-0164], Brown, A. J. [0000-0002-9352-6989], Ceballos, J. [0000-0002-6727-1062], Dominguez-Pumar, M. [0000-0001-5439-7953], Espejo, S. [0000-0003-2609-2663], Fischer, E. [0000-0002-2098-5295], Guzewich, S. D. [0000-0003-1149-7385], Makinen, T. [0000-0001-9489-8154], Martin, C. [0000-0002-8898-4061], Molina, A. [0000-0002-5038-2022], Mora-Sotomayor, L. [0000-0002-8209-1190], Navarro, S. [0000-0001-8606-7799], Perez-Grande, I. [0000-0002-7145-2835], Romero, C. [0000-0001-5442-2581], Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juarez, Manuel de la, Sánchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martínez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., Vicente-Retortillo, A. de, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Ramos, M. Ángeles, Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairén, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A. M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martín, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Pérez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijärvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., Zurita, S., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), European Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815], Torre Juarez, Manuel de la [0000-0003-1393-5297], Sánchez-Lavega, A. [0000-0001-7234-7634], Hueso, R. [0000-0003-0169-123X], Martinez, G. [0000-0001-5885-236X], Lemmon, M. T. [0000-0002-4504-5136], Newman, C. E. [0000-0001-9990-8817], Munguira, A. [0000-0002-1677-6327], Jaakonaho, I. [0000-0001-7343-5556], Viudez-Moreiras, D. [0000-0001-8442-3788], Ramos, M. Ángeles [0000-0003-3648-6818], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Lepinette, A. [0000-0002-5213-3521], Sullivan, R. J. [0000-0003-4191-598X], Apestigue, V. [0000-0002-4349-8019], Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del [0000-0001-8552-226X], Murdoch, N. [0000-0002-9701-4075], Arruego, I. [0000-0001-9705-9743], Banfield, D. [0000-0003-2664-0164], Brown, A. J. [0000-0002-9352-6989], Ceballos, J. [0000-0002-6727-1062], Dominguez-Pumar, M. [0000-0001-5439-7953], Espejo, S. [0000-0003-2609-2663], Fischer, E. [0000-0002-2098-5295], Guzewich, S. D. [0000-0003-1149-7385], Makinen, T. [0000-0001-9489-8154], Martin, C. [0000-0002-8898-4061], Molina, A. [0000-0002-5038-2022], Mora-Sotomayor, L. [0000-0002-8209-1190], Navarro, S. [0000-0001-8606-7799], Perez-Grande, I. [0000-0002-7145-2835], Romero, C. [0000-0001-5442-2581], Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juarez, Manuel de la, Sánchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martínez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., Vicente-Retortillo, A. de, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Ramos, M. Ángeles, Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairén, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A. M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martín, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Pérez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijärvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., and Zurita, S.

Abstract

NASA’s Perseverance rover’s Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer is collecting data at Jezero crater, characterizing the physical processes in the lowest layer of the Martian atmosphere. Here we present measurements from the instrument’s first 250 sols of operation, revealing a spatially and temporally variable meteorology at Jezero. We find that temperature measurements at four heights capture the response of the atmospheric surface layer to multiple phenomena. We observe the transition from a stable night-time thermal inversion to a daytime, highly turbulent convective regime, with large vertical thermal gradients. Measurement of multiple daily optical depths suggests aerosol concentrations are higher in the morning than in the afternoon. Measured wind patterns are driven mainly by local topography, with a small contribution from regional winds. Daily and seasonal variability of relative humidity shows a complex hydrologic cycle. These observations suggest that changes in some local surface properties, such as surface albedo and thermal inertia, play an influential role. On a larger scale, surface pressure measurements show typical signatures of gravity waves and baroclinic eddies in a part of the seasonal cycle previously characterized as low wave activity. These observations, both combined and simultaneous, unveil the diversity of processes driving change on today’s Martian surface at Jezero crater.

Published
2023

9. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

Author

Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A., de la Torre Juárez, M., Alonso, A., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Atienza, T., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Carrera, M. A., Castañer, L., Ceballos, J., Chen-Chen, H., Cobos, A., Conrad, P. G., Cordoba, E., del Río-Gaztelurrutia, T., de Vicente-Retortillo, A., Domínguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairen, A. G., Fernández-Palma, A., Ferrándiz, R., Ferri, F., Fischer, E., García-Manchado, A., García-Villadangos, M., Genzer, M., Giménez, S., Gómez-Elvira, J., Gómez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A.-M., Hernández, C. D., Hieta, M., Hueso, R., Jaakonaho, I., Jiménez, J. J., Jiménez, V., Larman, A., Leiter, R., Lepinette, A., Lemmon, M. T., López, G., Madsen, S. N., Mäkinen, T., Marín, M., Martín-Soler, J., Martínez, G., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Moreno-Álvarez, J. F., Navarro, S., Newman, C. E., Ortega, C., Parrondo, M. C., Peinado, V., Peña, A., Pérez-Grande, I., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Pla-García, J., Polkko, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Rafkin, S. C. R., Ramos, M., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Runyon, K. D., Saiz-Lopez, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Sard, I., Schofield, J. T., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Sullivan, R. J., Tamppari, L. K., Thompson, A. D., Toledo, D., Torrero, F., Torres, J., Urquí, R., Velasco, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, D., and Zurita, S.

Published
2021
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10. Martian Dust Particle Size During the 2018 Planet-Encircling Dust Storm as Measured by the Curiosity Rover

Author

Guzewich, S. D, Lemmon, M. T, McConnochie, T. H, Martinez, G, de Vicente-Retortillo, A, Smith, M. D, Bell, J., III, Wellington, D, and Jacobs, S

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We present retrievals of dust particle effective radius during the 2018 planet-encircling dust storm from the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. Four independent observations with three of the rover's instruments were used for retrievals. We find dust particle radii exceeded 4 m and possibly 5 m during the height of the storm, which represent the largest dust particles yet seen in the martian atmosphere.

Published
2019

11. Large Dust Aerosol Sizes Seen During the 2018 Martian Global Dust Event by the Curiosity Rover

Author

Lemmon, M. T, Guzewich, S. D, McConnochie, T, de Vicente‐Retortillo, A, Martínez, G, Smith, Michael D, III, J. F. Bell, Wellington, D, and Jacob, S

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Mars' atmosphere typically supports dust aerosol with an effective radius near 1.5 μm, varying from ~1 μm during low dust times near northern summer solstice to ~2 μm during higher dust times in southern spring and summer. After global dust events, size variations outside this range have not previously been observed. We report on imaging and spectral observations by the Curiosity rover through the 2018 global dust event. These observations show that the dust effective radius was seasonally normal prior to the local onset of increased opacity, increased rapidly above 4 μm with increasing opacity, remained above 3 μm over a period of ~50 Martian solar days, then returned to seasonal values before the opacity did so. This demonstrates lifting and regional‐scale transport of a dust population ~3 times the size of typical dust aerosol.

Published
2019
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13. Early MAVEN Deep Dip campaign reveals thermosphere and ionosphere variability

Author

Bougher, S., Jakosky, B., Halekas, J., Grebowsky, J., Luhmann, J., Mahaffy, P., Connerney, J., Eparvier, F., Ergun, R., Larson, D., McFadden, J., Mitchell, D., Schneider, N., Zurek, R., Mazelle, C., Andersson, L., Andrews, D., Baird, D., Baker, D. N., Bell, J. M., Benna, M., Brain, D., Chaffin, M., Chamberlin, P., Chaufray, J.-Y., Clarke, J., Collinson, G., Combi, M., Crary, F., Cravens, T., Crismani, M., Curry, S., Curtis, D., Deighan, J., Delory, G., Dewey, R., DiBraccio, G., Dong, C., Dong, Y., Dunn, P., Elrod, M., England, S., Eriksson, A., Espley, J., Evans, S., Fang, X., Fillingim, M., Fortier, K., Fowler, C. M., Fox, J., Gröller, H., Guzewich, S., Hara, T., Harada, Y., Holsclaw, G., Jain, S. K., Jolitz, R., Leblanc, F., Lee, C. O., Lee, Y., Lefevre, F., Lillis, R., Livi, R., Lo, D., Ma, Y., Mayyasi, M., McClintock, W., McEnulty, T., Modolo, R., Montmessin, F., Morooka, M., Nagy, A., Olsen, K., Peterson, W., Rahmati, A., Ruhunusiri, S., Russell, C. T., Sakai, S., Sauvaud, J.-A., Seki, K., Steckiewicz, M., Stevens, M., Stewart, A. I. F., Stiepen, A., Stone, S., Tenishev, V., Thiemann, E., Tolson, R., Toublanc, D., Vogt, M., Weber, T., Withers, P., Woods, T., and Yelle, R.

Published
2015

14. MAVEN observations of the response of Mars to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection

Author

Jakosky, B. M., Grebowsky, J. M., Luhmann, J. G., Connerney, J., Eparvier, F., Ergun, R., Halekas, J., Larson, D., Mahaffy, P., McFadden, J., Mitchell, D. F., Schneider, N., Zurek, R., Bougher, S., Brain, D., Ma, Y. J., Mazelle, C., Andersson, L., Andrews, D., Baird, D., Baker, D., Bell, J. M., Benna, M., Chaffin, M., Chamberlin, P., Chaufray, Y.-Y., Clarke, J., Collinson, G., Combi, M., Crary, F., Cravens, T., Crismani, M., Curry, S., Curtis, D., Deighan, J., Delory, G., Dewey, R., DiBraccio, G., Dong, C., Dong, Y., Dunn, P., Elrod, M., England, S., Eriksson, A., Espley, J., Evans, S., Fang, X., Fillingim, M., Fortier, K., Fowler, C. M., Fox, J., Gröller, H., Guzewich, S., Hara, T., Harada, Y., Holsclaw, G., Jain, S. K., Jolitz, R., Leblanc, F., Lee, C. O., Lee, Y., Lefevre, F., Lillis, R., Livi, R., Lo, D., Mayyasi, M., McClintock, W., McEnulty, T., Modolo, R., Montmessin, F., Morooka, M., Nagy, A., Olsen, K., Peterson, W., Rahmati, A., Ruhunusiri, S., Russell, C. T., Sakai, S., Sauvaud, J.-A., Seki, K., Steckiewicz, M., Stevens, M., Stewart, A. I. F., Stiepen, A., Stone, S., Tenishev, V., Thiemann, E., Tolson, R., Toublanc, D., Vogt, M., Weber, T., Withers, P., Woods, T., and Yelle, R.

Published
2015

15. Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Studies of the Martian Atmosphere Over Jezero From Pressure Measurements

Author

Sánchez‐Lavega, A., primary, del Rio‐Gaztelurrutia, T., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Juárez, M. de la Torre, additional, Martínez, G. M., additional, Harri, A.‐M., additional, Genzer, M., additional, Hieta, M., additional, Polkko, J., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Pla‐García, J., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., additional, Munguira, A., additional, Tamppari, L. K., additional, Newman, C., additional, Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional, Guzewich, S., additional, Bertrand, T., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Wolff, M., additional, Banfield, D., additional, Jaakonaho, I., additional, and Mäkinen, T., additional

Published
2023
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16. Winds at the Mars 2020 Landing Site: 1. Near‐Surface Wind Patterns at Jezero Crater

Author

Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., primary, Lemmon, M., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Guzewich, S., additional, Mischna, M., additional, Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional, Herkenhoff, K., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, de la Torre, M., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Lorenz, R. D., additional, Pla‐García, J., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Tamppari, L., additional, Smith, M., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Toledo, D., additional, and Bell, J., additional

Published
2022
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17. Winds at the Mars 2020 Landing Site. 2. Wind Variability and Turbulence

Author

Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., primary, de la Torre, M., additional, Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional, Lorenz, R. D., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Guzewich, S., additional, Mischna, M., additional, Sullivan, R., additional, Herkenhoff, K., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Lemmon, M., additional, Smith, M., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Harri, A. M., additional, Tamppari, L., additional, Arruego, I., additional, and Bell, J., additional

Published
2022
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18. Age of Martian Air: Time Scales for Martian Atmospheric Transport

Author

Waugh, D. W, Toigo, A. D, and Guzewich, S. D

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

The mean time since air in the Martian atmosphere was in the low-latitude boundary layer is examined using simulations of an idealized “mean age” tracer with the MarsWRF general circulation model. The spatial distribution and seasonality of the mean age in low- and mid-latitudes broadly follow contours of the mean meridional circulation, with the mean age increasing from 0 at the surface to a maximum of 60–100 sols in the upper atmosphere. Substantially older mean ages (exceeding 300 sols) are found in polar regions, with oldest ages in the lower atmosphere (10–100 Pa), above a near-surface layer with very young ages (around 20 sols). The annual maximum ages occur around the equinoxes, and the age in the polar lower atmosphere decreases during the autumn to winter transition. This autumn-winter decrease in age occurs because of mixing of polar and mid-latitude air when the polar vortex exhibits an annulus of high potential vorticity (PV) with a local minimum near the pole. There is no autumn-winter decrease and old ages persist throughout autumn and winter in simulations with CO2 phase changes disabled, and thus no latent heating, where there is a monopolar vortex (i.e., a monotonic increase in PV from equator to pole) forms. The altitudinal and seasonal variations in the mean age indicates similar variations in the transport of dust into polar regions and the mixing of polar air (with, e.g., low water vapor and high ozone concentrations during winter) into mid-latitudes.

Published
2018
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19. Hexagonal Prisms Form in Water‐Ice Clouds on Mars, Producing Halo Displays Seen by Perseverance Rover

Author

Lemmon, M. T., primary, Toledo, D., additional, Apestigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Wolff, M. J., additional, Patel, P., additional, Guzewich, S., additional, Colaprete, A., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, Á., additional, Tamppari, L., additional, Montmessin, F., additional, de la Torre Juarez, M., additional, Maki, J., additional, McConnochie, T., additional, Brown, A., additional, and Bell, J. F., additional

Published
2022
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20. Unexplained Oxygen Variability: New Results on Molecular Oxygen in the Lower Martian Atmosphere from Chemcam and Supercam Passive Sky Observations

Author

Mcconnochie, T., Trainer, Melissa G., Smith, M., Guzewich, S., Franz, H. B., Newman, C., Lo, D., Atreya, S., Moores, J., Sapers, H., Lemmon, Mark, Wolff, Michael, Montmessin, Franck, Knutsen, Elise Wright, Fouchet, Thierry, Bertrand, Tanguy, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Forni, O., Pilleri, Paolo, Maurice, Sylvestre, Legett, Carey, Newell, Raymond, Venhaus, Dawn, Lanza, Nina, Wiens, R., Hecht, M., Zorzano, M.-P., Khayat, A., Lefèvre, Franck, Daerden, Frank, Fedorova, Anna, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Aeolis Research, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Purdue University [West Lafayette], MIT Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), and Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

21. Marli: Mars Lidar for Global Wind Profiles and Aerosol Profiles from Orbit

Author

Abshire, J. B, Guzewich, S. D, Smith, M. D, Riris, H, Sun, X, Gentry, B. M, Yu, A, and Allan, G. R

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Mars Exploration Analysis Group's Next Orbiter Science Analysis Group (NEXSAG) has recently identified atmospheric wind measurements as one of 5 top compelling science objectives for a future Mars orbiter. To date, only isolated lander observations of martian winds exist. Winds are the key variable to understand atmospheric transport and answer fundamental questions about the three primary cycles of the martian climate: CO2, H2O, and dust. However, the direct lack of observations and imprecise and indirect inferences from temperature observations leave many basic questions about the atmospheric circulation unanswered. In addition to addressing high priority science questions, direct wind observations from orbit would help validate 3D general circulation models (GCMs) while also providing key input to atmospheric reanalyses. The dust and CO2 cycles on Mars are partially coupled and their influences on the atmospheric circulation modify the global wind field. Dust absorbs solar infrared radiation and its variable spatial distribution forces changes in the atmospheric temperature and wind fields. Thus it is important to simultaneously measure the height-resolved wind and dust profiles. MARLI provides a unique capability to observe these variables continuously, day and night, from orbit.

Published
2016

22. Martian Polar Vortices: Comparison of Reanalyses

Author

Waugh, D. W, Toigo, A. D, Guzewich, S. D, Greybush, S. J, Wilson, R. J, and Montabone, L

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The structure and evolution of the Martian polar vortices is examined using two recently available reanalysis systems: version 1.0 of the Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation (MACDA) and a preliminary version of the Ensemble Mars Atmosphere Reanalysis System (EMARS). There is quantitative agreement between the reanalyses in the lower atmosphere, where Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data are assimilated, but there are differences at higher altitudes reflecting differences in the free-running general circulation model simulations used in the two reanalyses. The reanalyses show similar potential vorticity (PV) structure of the vortices: There is near-uniform small PV equatorward of the core of the westerly jet, steep meridional PV gradients on the polar side of the jet core, and a maximum of PV located off of the pole. In maps of 30 sol mean PV, there is a near-continuous elliptical ring of high PV with roughly constant shape and longitudinal orientation from fall to spring. However, the shape and orientation of the vortex varies on daily time scales, and there is not a continuous ring of PV but rather a series of smaller scale coherent regions of high PV. The PV structure of the Martian polar vortices is, as has been reported before, very different from that of Earth's stratospheric polar vortices, but there are similarities with Earth's tropospheric vortices which also occur at the edge of the Hadley Cell, and have near-uniform small PV equatorward of the jet, and a large increase of PV poleward of the jet due to increased stratification.

Published
2016
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23. The Surface Energy Budget at Gale Crater During the First 2500 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission

Author

Martínez, G. M., primary, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Vasavada, A. R., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Fischer, E., additional, Rennó, N. O., additional, Savijärvi, H., additional, de la Torre, M., additional, Ordóñez‐Etxeberria, I., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Guzewich, S. D., additional, McConnochie, T. H., additional, Sebastián, E., additional, Hueso, R., additional, and Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional

Published
2021
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25. Solar-System-Wide Significance of Mars Polar Science

Author

Smith, Isaac, primary, Calvin, W. M., additional, Smith, D. E., additional, Hansen, C., additional, Diniega, S., additional, McEwen, A., additional, Thomas, N., additional, Banfield, D., additional, Titus, T. N., additional, Becerra, P., additional, Kahre, M., additional, Forget, F., additional, Hecht, M., additional, Byrne, S., additional, Hvidberg, C. S., additional, Hayne, P. O., additional, III, J. W. Head,, additional, Mellon, M., additional, Horgan, B., additional, Mustard, J., additional, Holt, J. W., additional, Howard, A., additional, McCleese, D., additional, Stoker, C., additional, James, P., additional, Putzig, N. E., additional, Whitten, J., additional, Buhler, P., additional, Spiga, A., additional, Crismani, M., additional, Aye, K. M., additional, Portyankina, A., additional, Orosei, R., additional, Bramson, A., additional, Hanley, J., additional, Sori, M., additional, Aharonson, O., additional, Clifford, S., additional, Sizemore, H., additional, Morgan, G., additional, Hartmann, B., additional, Schorghofer, N., additional, Clark, R., additional, Berman, D., additional, Crown, D., additional, Chuang, F., additional, Siegler, M., additional, Dobrea, E. N., additional, Lynch, K., additional, Obbard, R. W., additional, Elmaary, M. R., additional, Fisher, D., additional, Kleinboehl, A., additional, Balme, M., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Daly, M., additional, Ewing, R. C., additional, Herkenhoff, K. E., additional, Fenton, L., additional, Guzewich, S. D., additional, Koutnik, M., additional, Levy, J., additional, Massey, R., additional, Łosiak, A., additional, Eke, V., additional, Goldsby, D., additional, Cross, A., additional, Hager, T., additional, Piqueux, S., additional, Kereszturi, A., additional, Seelos, K., additional, Wood, S., additional, Hauber, E., additional, Amos, C., additional, Russell, P., additional, Jaumann, R., additional, Michael, G., additional, Conway, S., additional, Khayat, A., additional, Lewis, S., additional, Luizzi, G., additional, Martinez, G., additional, Mesick, K., additional, Montabone, L., additional, Johnsson, A., additional, Pankine, A., additional, Phillips-Lander, C., additional, Read, P., additional, Edgar, L., additional, Zacny, K., additional, McAdam, A., additional, Rutledge, A., additional, Bertrand, T., additional, Widmer, J., additional, Stillman, D., additional, Soto, A., additional, Yoldi, Z., additional, Young, R., additional, Svensson, A., additional, Sam, L., additional, Landis, M., additional, Bhardwaj, A., additional, Chojnacki, M., additional, Kite, E., additional, Thomas, P., additional, Plaut, J., additional, Bapst, J., additional, Milkovich, S., additional, Whiteway, J., additional, Moores, J., additional, Rezza, C., additional, Karimova, R., additional, Mishev, I., additional, Brenen, A. Van, additional, Acharya, P., additional, Chesal, J., additional, Pascuzzo, A., additional, Vos, E., additional, Osinski, G., additional, Andres, C., additional, Neisch, C., additional, Hibbard, S., additional, Sinha, P., additional, Knightly, J. P., additional, Cartwright, S., additional, Kounaves, S., additional, Orgel, C., additional, Skidmore, M., additional, MacGregor, J., additional, Staehle, R., additional, Rabassa, J., additional, Gallagher, C., additional, Coronato, A., additional, Galofre, A. G., additional, Wilson, J., additional, McKeown, L., additional, Oliveira, N., additional, Fawdon, P., additional, Gayathri, U., additional, Stuurman, C., additional, Herny, C., additional, Butcher, F., additional, Bernardini, F., additional, Perry, M., additional, Hu, R., additional, Mukherjee, S., additional, Chevrier, V., additional, Banks, M. E., additional, Meng, T., additional, Johnson, P. A., additional, Tober, B., additional, Johnson, J. C., additional, Ulamsec, S., additional, Echaurren, J. C., additional, Khuller, A., additional, Dinwiddie, C., additional, Adeli, S., additional, Henderson, B. L., additional, Lozano, L. R., additional, Lalich, D., additional, Rivera-Valentín, E., additional, Nerozzi, S., additional, Petersen, E., additional, Foss, F., additional, Lorenz, R., additional, Eigenbrode, J., additional, Day, M., additional, Brown, A., additional, Pajola, M., additional, Karatekin, Ö., additional, Lucchetti, A., additional, Cesar, C., additional, Newman, C., additional, Cave, T. G., additional, Tamppari, L., additional, Mischna, M., additional, Patel, M., additional, Streeter, P., additional, Stern, J. C., additional, and Dundas, C. M., additional

Published
2021
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28. Effects of the MY34/2018 Global Dust Storm as Measured by MSL REMS in Gale Crater

Author

Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., primary, Newman, C. E., additional, de la Torre, M., additional, Martínez, G., additional, Guzewich, S., additional, Lemmon, M., additional, Pla‐García, J., additional, Smith, M. D., additional, Harri, A.‐M., additional, Genzer, M., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Lepinette, A., additional, Rodriguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional, Vasavada, A. R., additional, and Gómez‐Elvira, J., additional

Published
2019
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30. Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars: Characterization and analysis of the rocknest sand shadow

Author

Blake, D. F., Morris, R. V., Kocurek, G., Morrison, S. M., Downs, R. T., Bish, D., Ming, D. W., Edgett, K. S., Rubin, D., Goetz, W., Madsen, M. B., Sullivan, R., Gellert, R., Campbell, I., Treiman, A. H., McLennan, S. M., Yen, A. S., Grotzinger, J., Vaniman, D. T., Chipera, S. J., Achilles, C. N., Rampe, E. B., Sumner, D., Meslin, P.- Y., Maurice, S., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Fisk, M., Schmidt, M., Mahaffy, P., Leshin, L. A., Glavin, D., Steele, A., Freissinet, C., Navarro-Gonzalez, R., Yingst, R. A., Kah, L. C., Bridges, N., Lewis, K. W., Bristow, T. F., Farmer, J. D., Crisp, J. A., Stolper, E. M., Des Marais, D. J., Sarrazin, P., Agard, C., Alves Verdasca, J. A., Anderson, R., Archer, D., Armiens-Aparicio, C., Arvidson, R., Atlaskin, E., Atreya, S., Aubrey, A., Baker, B., Baker, M., Balic-Zunic, T., Baratoux, D., Baroukh, J., Barraclough, B., Bean, K., Beegle, L., Behar, A., Bell, J., Bender, S., Benna, M., Bentz, J., Berger, G., Berger, J., Berman, D., Blanco Avalos, J. J., Blaney, D., Blank, J., Blau, H., Bleacher, L., Boehm, E., Botta, O., Bottcher, S., Boucher, T., Bower, H., Boyd, N., Boynton, B., Breves, E., Bridges, J., Brinckerhoff, W., Brinza, D., Brunet, C., Brunner, A., Brunner, W., Buch, A., Bullock, M., Burmeister, S., Cabane, M., Calef, F., Cameron, J., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Rodriguez, J. C., Carmosino, M., Blazquez, I. C., Charpentier, A., Choi, D., Clark, B., Clegg, S., Cleghorn, T., Cloutis, E., Cody, G., Coll, P., Conrad, P., Coscia, D., Cousin, A., Cremers, D., Cros, A., Cucinotta, F., d'Uston, C., Davis, S., Day, M., Juarez, M. d. l. T., DeFlores, L., DeLapp, D., DeMarines, J., Dietrich, W., Dingler, R., Donny, C., Drake, D., Dromart, G., Dupont, A., Duston, B., Dworkin, J., Dyar, M. D., Edgar, L., Edwards, C., Edwards, L., Ehlmann, B., Ehresmann, B., Eigenbrode, J., Elliott, B., Elliott, H., Ewing, R., Fabre, C., Fairen, A., Farley, K., Fassett, C., Favot, L., Fay, D., Fedosov, F., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Fitzgibbon, M., Flesch, G., Floyd, M., Fluckiger, L., Fraeman, A., Francis, R., Francois, P., Franz, H., French, K. L., Frydenvang, J., Gaboriaud, A., Gailhanou, M., Garvin, J., Geffroy, C., Genzer, M., Godber, A., Goesmann, F., Golovin, D., Gomez, F. G., Gomez-Elvira, J., Gondet, B., Gordon, S., Gorevan, S., Grant, J., Griffes, J., Grinspoon, D., Guillemot, P., Guo, J., Gupta, S., Guzewich, S., Haberle, R., Halleaux, D., Hallet, B., Hamilton, V., Hardgrove, C., Harker, D., Harpold, D., Harri, A.-M., Harshman, K., Hassler, D., Haukka, H., Hayes, A., Herkenhoff, K., Herrera, P., Hettrich, S., Heydari, E., Hipkin, V., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Hudgins, J., Huntress, W., Hurowitz, J., Hviid, S., Iagnemma, K., Indyk, S., Israel, G., Jackson, R., Jacob, S., Jakosky, B., Jensen, E., Jensen, J. K., Johnson, J., Johnson, M., Johnstone, S., Jones, A., Jones, J., Joseph, J., Jun, I., Kahanpaa, H., Kahre, M., Karpushkina, N., Kasprzak, W., Kauhanen, J., Keely, L., Kemppinen, O., Keymeulen, D., Kim, M.-H., Kinch, K., King, P., Kirkland, L., Koefoed, A., Kohler, J., Kortmann, O., Kozyrev, A., Krezoski, J., Krysak, D., Kuzmin, R., Lacour, J. L., Lafaille, V., Langevin, Y., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Lee, E. M., Lee, Q.-M., Lees, D., Lefavor, M., Lemmon, M., Lepinette Malvitte, A., Leveille, R., Lewin-Carpintier, E., Li, S., Lipkaman, L., Little, C., Litvak, M., Lorigny, E., Lugmair, G., Lundberg, A., Lyness, E., Maki, J., Malakhov, A., Malespin, C., Malin, M., Mangold, N., Manning, H., Marchand, G., Marin Jimenez, M., Martin Garcia, C., Martin, D., Martin, M., Martinez-Frias, J., Martin-Soler, J., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mauchien, P., McAdam, A., McCartney, E., McConnochie, T., McCullough, E., McEwan, I., McKay, C., McNair, S., Melikechi, N., Meyer, M., Mezzacappa, A., Miller, H., Miller, K., Milliken, R., Minitti, M., Mischna, M., Mitrofanov, I., Moersch, J., Mokrousov, M., Molina Jurado, A., Moores, J., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Morookian, J. M., Mueller-Mellin, R., Muller, J.-P., Munoz Caro, G., Nachon, M., Navarro Lopez, S., Nealson, K., Nefian, A., Nelson, T., Newcombe, M., Newman, C., Newsom, H., Nikiforov, S., Niles, P., Nixon, B., Dobrea, E. N., Nolan, T., Oehler, D., Ollila, A., Olson, T., Owen, T., Pablo, H., Paillet, A., Pallier, E., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Parot, Y., Patel, K., Paton, M., Paulsen, G., Pavlov, A., Pavri, B., Peinado-Gonzalez, V., Pepin, R., Peret, L., Perez, R., Perrett, G., Peterson, J., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pla-Garcia, J., Plante, I., Poitrasson, F., Polkko, J., Popa, R., Posiolova, L., Pradler, I., Prats, B., Prokhorov, V., Purdy, S. W., Raaen, E., Radziemski, L., Rafkin, S., Ramos, M., Raulin, F., Ravine, M., Reitz, G., Renno, N., Rice, M., Richardson, M., Robert, F., Rodriguez Manfredi, J. A., Romeral-Planello, J. J., Rowland, S., Saccoccio, M., Salamon, A., Sandoval, J., Sanin, A., Sans Fuentes, S. A., Saper, L., Sautter, V., Savijarvi, H., Schieber, J., Schmidt, W., Scholes, D., Schoppers, M., Schroder, S., Sebastian Martinez, E., Sengstacken, A., Shterts, R., Siebach, K., Siili, T., Simmonds, J., Sirven, J.-B., Slavney, S., Sletten, R., Smith, M., Sobron Sanchez, P., Spanovich, N., Spray, J., Squyres, S., Stack, K., Stalport, F., Stein, T., Stern, J., Stewart, N., Stipp, S. L. S., Stoiber, K., Sucharski, B., Summons, R., Sun, V., Supulver, K., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Tate, C., Teinturier, S., ten Kate, I. L., Thomas, P., Thompson, L., Tokar, R., Toplis, M., Torres Redondo, J., Trainer, M., Tretyakov, V., Urqui-O'Callaghan, R., Van Beek, J., Van Beek, T., VanBommel, S., Varenikov, A., Vasavada, A., Vasconcelos, P., Vicenzi, E., Vostrukhin, A., Voytek, M., Wadhwa, M., Ward, J., Webster, C., Weigle, E., Wellington, D., Westall, F., Wiens, R. C., Wilhelm, M. B., Williams, A., Williams, J., Williams, R., Williams, R. B., Wilson, M., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Wolff, M., Wong, M., Wray, J., Wu, M., Yana, C., Zeitlin, C., Zimdar, R., Zorzano Mier, M.-P., GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geology [Tucson], University of Arizona, Department of Geological Sciences [Bloomington], Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology

Subjects
Basalt, Meridiani Planum, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Curiosity rover, Geochemistry, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mars Exploration Program, Exploration of Mars, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Impact crater, 13. Climate action, MSL Mars Gale Crater Rocknest, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Aeolian processes, MSL, Rocknest aeolian deposit, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Rocknest aeolian deposit is similar to aeolian features analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. The fraction of sand

Published
2013
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31. X-ray diffraction results from mars science laboratory: Mineralogy of rocknest at Gale crater

Author

Bish, D. L., Blake, D. F., Vaniman, D. T., Chipera, S. J., Morris, R. V., Ming, D. W., Treiman, A. H., Sarrazin, P., Morrison, S. M., Downs, R. T., Achilles, C. N., Yen, A. S., Bristow, T. F., Crisp, J. A., Morookian, J. M., Farmer, J. D., Rampe, E. B., Stolper, E. M., Spanovich, N., Achilles, C., Agard, C., Verdasca, J. A. A., Anderson, R., Archer, D., Armiens-Aparicio, C., Arvidson, R., Atlaskin, E., Atreya, S., Aubrey, A., Baker, B., Baker, M., Balic-Zunic, T., Baratoux, D., Baroukh, J., Barraclough, B., Bean, K., Beegle, L., Behar, A., Bell, J., Bender, S., Benna, M., Bentz, J., Berger, G., Berger, J., Berman, D., Bish, D., Avalos, J. J. B., Blaney, D., Blank, J., Blau, H., Bleacher, L., Boehm, E., Botta, O., Bottcher, S., Boucher, T., Bower, H., Boyd, N., Boynton, B., Breves, E., Bridges, J., Bridges, N., Brinckerhoff, W., Brinza, D., Bristow, T., Brunet, C., Brunner, A., Brunner, W., Buch, A., Bullock, M., Burmeister, S., Cabane, M., Calef, F., Cameron, J., Campbell, J. I., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Rodriguez, J. C., Carmosino, M., Blazquez, I. C., Charpentier, A., Chipera, S., Choi, D., Clark, B., Clegg, S., Cleghorn, T., Cloutis, E., Cody, G., Coll, P., Conrad, P., Coscia, D., Cousin, A., Cremers, D., Crisp, J., Cros, A., Cucinotta, F., d'Uston, C., Davis, S., Day, M. K., Juarez, M. d. l. T., DeFlores, L., DeLapp, D., DeMarines, J., DesMarais, D., Dietrich, W., Dingler, R., Donny, C., Downs, B., Drake, D., Dromart, G., Dupont, A., Duston, B., Dworkin, J., Dyar, M. D., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Edwards, C., Edwards, L., Ehlmann, B., Ehresmann, B., Eigenbrode, J., Elliott, B., Elliott, H., Ewing, R., Fabre, C., Fairen, A., Farley, K., Farmer, J., Fassett, C., Favot, L., Fay, D., Fedosov, F., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Fisk, M., Fitzgibbon, M., Flesch, G., Floyd, M., Fluckiger, L., Forni, O., Fraeman, A., Francis, R., Francois, P., Franz, H., Freissinet, C., French, K. L., Frydenvang, J., Gaboriaud, A., Gailhanou, M., Garvin, J., Gasnault, O., Geffroy, C., Gellert, R., Genzer, M., Glavin, D., Godber, A., Goesmann, F., Goetz, W., Golovin, D., Gomez, F. G., Gomez-Elvira, J., Gondet, B., Gordon, S., Gorevan, S., Grant, J., Griffes, J., Grinspoon, D., Grotzinger, J., Guillemot, P., Guo, J., Gupta, S., Guzewich, S., Haberle, R., Halleaux, D., Hallet, B., Hamilton, V., Hardgrove, C., Harker, D., Harpold, D., Harri, A.-M., Harshman, K., Hassler, D., Haukka, H., Hayes, A., Herkenhoff, K., Herrera, P., Hettrich, S., Heydari, E., Hipkin, V., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Hudgins, J., Huntress, W., Hurowitz, J., Hviid, S., Iagnemma, K., Indyk, S., Israel, G., Jackson, R., Jacob, S., Jakosky, B., Jensen, E., Jensen, J. K., Johnson, J., Johnson, M., Johnstone, S., Jones, A., Jones, J., Joseph, J., Jun, I., Kah, L., Kahanpaa, H., Kahre, M., Karpushkina, N., Kasprzak, W., Kauhanen, J., Keely, L., Kemppinen, O., Keymeulen, D., Kim, M.-H., Kinch, K., King, P., Kirkland, L., Kocurek, G., Koefoed, A., Kohler, J., Kortmann, O., Kozyrev, A., Krezoski, J., Krysak, D., Kuzmin, R., Lacour, J. L., Lafaille, V., Langevin, Y., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Lee, E. M., Lee, Q.-M., Lees, D., Lefavor, M., Lemmon, M., Malvitte, A. L., Leshin, L., Leveille, R., Lewin-Carpintier, E., Lewis, K., Li, S., Lipkaman, L., Little, C., Litvak, M., Lorigny, E., Lugmair, G., Lundberg, A., Lyness, E., Madsen, M., Mahaffy, P., Maki, J., Malakhov, A., Malespin, C., Malin, M., Mangold, N., Manhes, G., Manning, H., Marchand, G., Jimenez, M. M., Garcia, C. M., Martin, D., Martin, M., Martinez-Frias, J., Martin-Soler, J., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mauchien, P., Maurice, S., McAdam, A., McCartney, E., McConnochie, T., McCullough, E., McEwan, I., McKay, C., McLennan, S., McNair, S., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Meyer, M., Mezzacappa, A., Miller, H., Miller, K., Milliken, R., Ming, D., Minitti, M., Mischna, M., Mitrofanov, I., Moersch, J., Mokrousov, M., Jurado, A. M., Moores, J., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Morris, R., Morrison, S., Mueller-Mellin, R., Muller, J.-P., Caro, G. M., Nachon, M., Lopez, S. N., Navarro-Gonzalez, R., Nealson, K., Nefian, A., Nelson, T., Newcombe, M., Newman, C., Newsom, H., Nikiforov, S., Niles, P., Nixon, B., Dobrea, E. N., Nolan, T., Oehler, D., Ollila, A., Olson, T., Owen, T., Hernandez, M. A. d. P., Paillet, A., Pallier, E., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Parot, Y., Patel, K., Paton, M., Paulsen, G., Pavlov, A., Pavri, B., Peinado-Gonzalez, V., Pepin, R., Peret, L., Perez, R., Perrett, G., Peterson, J., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pla-Garcia, J., Plante, I., Poitrasson, F., Polkko, J., Popa, R., Posiolova, L., Posner, A., Pradler, I., Prats, B., Prokhorov, V., Purdy, S. W., Raaen, E., Radziemski, L., Rafkin, S., Ramos, M., Rampe, E., Raulin, F., Ravine, M., Reitz, G., Renno, N., Rice, M., Richardson, M., Robert, F., Robertson, K., Manfredi, J. A. R., Romeral-Planello, J. J., Rowland, S., Rubin, D., Saccoccio, M., Salamon, A., Sandoval, J., Sanin, A., Fuentes, S. A. S., Saper, L., Sautter, V., Savijarvi, H., Schieber, J., Schmidt, M., Schmidt, W., Scholes, D. D., Schoppers, M., Schroder, S., Schwenzer, S., Martinez, E. S., Sengstacken, A., Shterts, R., Siebach, K., Siili, T., Simmonds, J., Sirven, J.-B., Slavney, S., Sletten, R., Smith, M., Sanchez, P. S., Spray, J., Squyres, S., Stack, K., Stalport, F., Steele, A., Stein, T., Stern, J., Stewart, N., Stipp, S. L. S., Stoiber, K., Stolper, E., Sucharski, B., Sullivan, R., Summons, R., Sumner, D., Sun, V., Supulver, K., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Tan, F., Tate, C., Teinturier, S., ten Kate, I., Thomas, P., Thompson, L., Tokar, R., Toplis, M., Redondo, J. T., Trainer, M., Treiman, A., Tretyakov, V., Urqui-O'Callaghan, R., Van Beek, J., Van Beek, T., VanBommel, S., Vaniman, D., Varenikov, A., Vasavada, A., Vasconcelos, P., Vicenzi, E., Vostrukhin, A., Voytek, M., Wadhwa, M., Ward, J., Webster, C., Weigle, E., Wellington, D., Westall, F., Wiens, R. C., Wilhelm, M. B., Williams, A., Williams, J., Williams, R., Williams, R. B. M., Wilson, M., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Wolff, M., Wong, M., Wray, J., Wu, M., Yana, C., Yen, A., Yingst, A., Zeitlin, C., Zimdar, R., Mier, M.-P. Z., GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water on Mars, Curiosity rover, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Mars, Mars Exploration Program, Martian soil, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, MSL Mars X-ray Diffraction Mineralogy Rocknest Gale Crater, Meteorite, Impact crater, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Pigeonite, engineering, Composition of Mars, MSL, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, mineralogy of Rocknest at Gale crater
Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis of the soil with the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (~An57), forsteritic olivine (~Fo62), augite, and pigeonite, with minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, and ilmenite. The minor phases are present at, or near, detection limits. The soil also contains 27 ± 14 weight percent x-ray amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe 3+ - and volatile-bearing phases, including possibly a substance resembling hisingerite. The crystalline component is similar to the normative mineralogy of certain basaltic rocks from Gusev crater on Mars and of martian basaltic meteorites. The amorphous component is similar to that found on Earth in places such as soils on the Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii.

Published
2013
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32. THE IMPACT OF DUST STORMS ON THE NEAR-SURFACE METEOROLOGY OF MARS.

Author

Newman, C. E., Baker, M., Banfield, D., delaTorre, M., Forget, F., Gómez-Elvira, J., Guzewich, S., Lewis, K., Lewis, S. R., MarínJimenez, M., Montabone, L., MoraSotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Pla-Garcia, J., Richardson, M. I., Rodriguez, S., Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A., Spiga, A., Torres, J., and Viúdez-Moreiras, D.

Subjects
DUST storms, METEOROLOGY, MARS (Planet), ATMOSPHERIC temperature, EARTH temperature, DUST
Published
2019

37. PENITENTES AT TARTARUS DORSA, PLUTO.

Author

Moores, J. E., Smith, C. L., Toigo, A. D., and Guzewich, S. D.

Subjects
PLANETARY exploration, PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
Published
2017

39. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO2 and H2O of the martian atmosphere.

Author

Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Flesch GJ, Niles PB, Jones JH, Leshin LA, Atreya SK, Stern JC, Christensen LE, Owen T, Franz H, Pepin RO, Steele A, Achilles C, Agard C, Alves Verdasca JA, Anderson R, Anderson R, Archer D, Armiens-Aparicio C, Arvidson R, Atlaskin E, Aubrey A, Baker B, Baker M, Balic-Zunic T, Baratoux D, Baroukh J, Barraclough B, Bean K, Beegle L, Behar A, Bell J, Bender S, Benna M, Bentz J, Berger G, Berger J, Berman D, Bish D, Blake DF, Blanco Avalos JJ, Blaney D, Blank J, Blau H, Bleacher L, Boehm E, Botta O, Böttcher S, Boucher T, Bower H, Boyd N, Boynton B, Breves E, Bridges J, Bridges N, Brinckerhoff W, Brinza D, Bristow T, Brunet C, Brunner A, Brunner W, Buch A, Bullock M, Burmeister S, Cabane M, Calef F, Cameron J, Campbell J, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Caride Rodríguez J, Carmosino M, Carrasco Blázquez I, Charpentier A, Chipera S, Choi D, Clark B, Clegg S, Cleghorn T, Cloutis E, Cody G, Coll P, Conrad P, Coscia D, Cousin A, Cremers D, Crisp J, Cros A, Cucinotta F, d'Uston C, Davis S, Day M, de la Torre Juarez M, DeFlores L, DeLapp D, DeMarines J, DesMarais D, Dietrich W, Dingler R, Donny C, Downs B, Drake D, Dromart G, Dupont A, Duston B, Dworkin J, Dyar MD, Edgar L, Edgett K, Edwards C, Edwards L, Ehlmann B, Ehresmann B, Eigenbrode J, Elliott B, Elliott H, Ewing R, Fabre C, Fairén A, Farley K, Farmer J, Fassett C, Favot L, Fay D, Fedosov F, Feldman J, Feldman S, Fisk M, Fitzgibbon M, Floyd M, Flückiger L, Forni O, Fraeman A, Francis R, François P, Freissinet C, French KL, Frydenvang J, Gaboriaud A, Gailhanou M, Garvin J, Gasnault O, Geffroy C, Gellert R, Genzer M, Glavin D, Godber A, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Golovin D, Gómez Gómez F, Gómez-Elvira J, Gondet B, Gordon S, Gorevan S, Grant J, Griffes J, Grinspoon D, Grotzinger J, Guillemot P, Guo J, Gupta S, Guzewich S, Haberle R, Halleaux D, Hallet B, Hamilton V, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Harpold D, Harri AM, Harshman K, Hassler D, Haukka H, Hayes A, Herkenhoff K, Herrera P, Hettrich S, Heydari E, Hipkin V, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Hudgins J, Huntress W, Hurowitz J, Hviid S, Iagnemma K, Indyk S, Israël G, Jackson R, Jacob S, Jakosky B, Jensen E, Jensen JK, Johnson J, Johnson M, Johnstone S, Jones A, Joseph J, Jun I, Kah L, Kahanpää H, Kahre M, Karpushkina N, Kasprzak W, Kauhanen J, Keely L, Kemppinen O, Keymeulen D, Kim MH, Kinch K, King P, Kirkland L, Kocurek G, Koefoed A, Köhler J, Kortmann O, Kozyrev A, Krezoski J, Krysak D, Kuzmin R, Lacour JL, Lafaille V, Langevin Y, Lanza N, Lasue J, Le Mouélic S, Lee EM, Lee QM, Lees D, Lefavor M, Lemmon M, Lepinette Malvitte A, Léveillé R, Lewin-Carpintier É, Lewis K, Li S, Lipkaman L, Little C, Litvak M, Lorigny E, Lugmair G, Lundberg A, Lyness E, Madsen M, Maki J, Malakhov A, Malespin C, Malin M, Mangold N, Manhes G, Manning H, Marchand G, Marín Jiménez M, Martín García C, Martin D, Martin M, Martínez-Frías J, Martín-Soler J, Martín-Torres FJ, Mauchien P, Maurice S, McAdam A, McCartney E, McConnochie T, McCullough E, McEwan I, McKay C, McLennan S, McNair S, Melikechi N, Meslin PY, Meyer M, Mezzacappa A, Miller H, Miller K, Milliken R, Ming D, Minitti M, Mischna M, Mitrofanov I, Moersch J, Mokrousov M, Molina Jurado A, Moores J, Mora-Sotomayor L, Morookian JM, Morris R, Morrison S, Mueller-Mellin R, Muller JP, Muñoz Caro G, Nachon M, Navarro López S, Navarro-González R, Nealson K, Nefian A, Nelson T, Newcombe M, Newman C, Newsom H, Nikiforov S, Nixon B, Noe Dobrea E, Nolan T, Oehler D, Ollila A, Olson T, de Pablo Hernández MÁ, Paillet A, Pallier E, Palucis M, Parker T, Parot Y, Patel K, Paton M, Paulsen G, Pavlov A, Pavri B, Peinado-González V, Peret L, Perez R, Perrett G, Peterson J, Pilorget C, Pinet P, Pla-García J, Plante I, Poitrasson F, Polkko J, Popa R, Posiolova L, Posner A, Pradler I, Prats B, Prokhorov V, Purdy SW, Raaen E, Radziemski L, Rafkin S, Ramos M, Rampe E, Raulin F, Ravine M, Reitz G, Rennó N, Rice M, Richardson M, Robert F, Robertson K, Rodriguez Manfredi JA, Romeral-Planelló JJ, Rowland S, Rubin D, Saccoccio M, Salamon A, Sandoval J, Sanin A, Sans Fuentes SA, Saper L, Sarrazin P, Sautter V, Savijärvi H, Schieber J, Schmidt M, Schmidt W, Scholes D, Schoppers M, Schröder S, Schwenzer S, Sebastian Martinez E, Sengstacken A, Shterts R, Siebach K, Siili T, Simmonds J, Sirven JB, Slavney S, Sletten R, Smith M, Sobrón Sánchez P, Spanovich N, Spray J, Squyres S, Stack K, Stalport F, Stein T, Stewart N, Stipp SL, Stoiber K, Stolper E, Sucharski B, Sullivan R, Summons R, Sumner D, Sun V, Supulver K, Sutter B, Szopa C, Tan F, Tate C, Teinturier S, ten Kate I, Thomas P, Thompson L, Tokar R, Toplis M, Torres Redondo J, Trainer M, Treiman A, Tretyakov V, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, VanBommel S, Vaniman D, Varenikov A, Vasavada A, Vasconcelos P, Vicenzi E, Vostrukhin A, Voytek M, Wadhwa M, Ward J, Weigle E, Wellington D, Westall F, Wiens RC, Wilhelm MB, Williams A, Williams J, Williams R, Williams RB, Wilson M, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Wolff M, Wong M, Wray J, Wu M, Yana C, Yen A, Yingst A, Zeitlin C, Zimdar R, and Zorzano Mier MP

Abstract

Stable isotope ratios of H, C, and O are powerful indicators of a wide variety of planetary geophysical processes, and for Mars they reveal the record of loss of its atmosphere and subsequent interactions with its surface such as carbonate formation. We report in situ measurements of the isotopic ratios of D/H and (18)O/(16)O in water and (13)C/(12)C, (18)O/(16)O, (17)O/(16)O, and (13)C(18)O/(12)C(16)O in carbon dioxide, made in the martian atmosphere at Gale Crater from the Curiosity rover using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)'s tunable laser spectrometer (TLS). Comparison between our measurements in the modern atmosphere and those of martian meteorites such as ALH 84001 implies that the martian reservoirs of CO2 and H2O were largely established ~4 billion years ago, but that atmospheric loss or surface interaction may be still ongoing.

Published
2013
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