Search

Cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin is the commonest of the many types of sinus tracts that are formed on the face and neck. Cutaneous sinus tracts may originate from local chronic osteomyelitis (Garre′s osteomyelitis). Although the etiological factor is usually periapical infection, they are seldom of periodontal origin. Conventional periapical and panoramic roentgenograms are generally insufficient for diagnosis and treatment planning of cutaneous sinus tracts of periodontal origin. In the present case, computed tomography was used for diagnosis, and osteomyelitis was managed by periodontal treatment.

Submersion is a clinical term describing a tooth depressed below the occlusal plane. In this case report, we present the treatment of a patient who had totally submerged primary maxillary second molar, which caused impaction of the second premolar and space loss in the maxillary arch due to tipping of adjacent teeth. A 12-year-old girl was referred to the pediatric dentistry clinic. The intra-oral examination revealed that right maxillary second primary molar was localized buccal side of posterior maxillary alveolar process, being almost completely covered by gingiva and adjacent teeth inclined closing the space of the related teeth completely. Periapical radiograph demonstrated that maxillary second premolar was impacted. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, maxillary primary second molar was extracted. Headgear was used for the distalization of maxillary right first molar in order to create space for the impacted second premolar. Eruption begun spontaneously 6 months later.

Objective: To determine the frequency of cigarette use and the sociodemographic and psychological factors that may be related to alcohol and substance use and in all public high schools in Karabağlar district of İzmir province of Turkey. Method: Sociodemographic variables, the self-confidence scale (SCS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were applied to 1,697 high school students online and their results were analyzed. Results: Of the students, 159 (9.4%) were using cigarettes. The mean score of SCS was found to be 3.85+-0.63. The mean score of MSPSS was found to be 64.51+-16.71. The total MSPSS score of the students who smoke (61.51+-17.30) was found to be significantly lower than non-smokers (64.82+-16.62). Absenteeism rate and disciplinary punishment were found to be higher in smoking students. There was no significant relationship between students' SCS scores and smoking. The MSPSS scores of students who had friends who use alcohol or substances were lower than those who did not. Conclusion: We have found that presence of any type of whether alcohol, substance or cigarette user in family incresed the risk of cigarrette use in students. MSPSS scores of cigarette users and who had alcohol or substance user friend was found lower in our study. These findings shows us strong relationship with addictive behaviours and social support. It is important to know factors associated with alcohol-substance use disorder and related factors in order to prevent this psychosocial problem.

Background and Objectives: This study aims to compare the neuromuscular structure of the vagina in women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse with the neuromuscular structure of the vagina in women without prolapse, to determine the difference, and to demonstrate the role of neuromuscular structure in the physiopathology of prolapse. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, women aged between 40 and 75 years who had not undergone any vaginal surgery and had not undergone any abdominal prolapse surgery were included. Thirty-one women diagnosed with rectocele on examination were included in the study group. Thirty-one patients who underwent vaginal intervention and hysterectomy for reasons other than rectocele (colposcopy, conization, etc.) without anterior or posterior wall prolapse were included in the control group. Biopsy material was obtained from the epithelium of the posterior wall of the vagina, including the fascia that fits the Ap point. Immunohistochemical staining with Protein Gene Product 9.5 and smooth muscle α-actin was performed in the pathology laboratory. The epithelial thickness measurement and smooth muscle density parameters obtained with these immunohistochemical stainings were compared between the two groups. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 23 package program. p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In the control group, muscle thickness and the number of nerves per mm2 of fascia were statistically significantly higher than in the study group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We found that smooth muscle tissue and the number of nerves per mm2 of fascia were decreased in posterior vaginal wall prolapse compared to the general population. Based on the correlation coefficients, age was the parameter that most affected the degree of prolapse, followed by parity, number of live births, and number of vaginal deliveries.

The aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the somatic cell count (SCC) and milk components (fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity and pH) to observe the pregnancy status, and to determine the practical usage of these parameters as diagnostic biomarker of pregnancy status. In the present study, primiparous Holstein cows (n=133) were included in the mid and late lactation. Milk samples were collected in sterile tubes for SCC and milk components analysis. In each lactation period, SCC, milk yield and milk component parameters were analysed by Student's t test according to pregnancy status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the predictive threshold using SCC and milk component parameters to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. SCC levels were similar for all cows in the mid and late-lactation. In the mid lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were higher and milk yield, fat, freezing point and pH were lower in pregnant cows (p

Introduction High-grade primary brain tumors cause serious morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) receptors in high-grade primary brain tumors. Material and Method Thirteen patients with a pathological diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme were included in the study. Pathological preparations of each patient were analyzed retrospectively in histochemistry and immunohistochemistry laboratories. Transforming growth factor beta 1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, Smad 1/2/3, Smad 6, and Smad 7 stainings were evaluated, and the immunoreactivity densities were examined. Result We found out an increase in the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 protein. Regarding the inhibitin receptors, Smad 6 showed much more expression than Smad 7. Thus, we found that Smad 6 has a protective effect and role in the tissue. Immunhistochemically, TGF-β family stains, which are activated by types I-and -II receptors, and the stainless staining of the Smad family might also be showing that the TGF-β family is taking action with a secondary pathway other than the Smad family. Conclusion In addition to Smad family receptors, Shc-GBR2, SARA, and Ras-Erk1/2 receptors should be investigated in future research. After that, the prognosis, diagnosis, and patient-based chemotherapy strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme may take a more prominent role.

Background Prediction of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is a common cause of death in children and young adults, is important for injury management. Neuroinflammation is responsible for both primary and secondary brain injury, and C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR) has allowed use of biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting mortality. Here, we compared the performance of CAR and PCT in predicting ICU mortality in TBI. Methods Adults with TBI were enrolled in our study. The medical records of 82 isolated TBI patients were reviewed retrospectively. Results The mean patient age was 49.0 ± 22.69 years; 59 of all patients (72%) were discharged, and 23 (28%) died. There was a statistically significant difference between PCT and CAR values according to mortality (P

Objective:This study aimed to detect the presence of Echinococcus spp. in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPG) samples of hydatid cyst cases and to discuss the DNA isolation problems in FFPG samples.Methods:FFPG samples of 47 cases diagnosed with hydatid cyst were included in this study. Demographic characteristics of the cases were investigated. Microtome sections were taken from the samples and deparaffinization, DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gel agarose electrophoresis procedures were performed.Results:Of the cases, 55.3% were female, whereas 45.7% were male. Average age was 45.47 and 68.1% of the cases were located in the liver, 17.0% in the lung, 12.8% in the abdomen, and 2.1% in the brain. DNA was obtained in only 11 (23.4%) of the FFPG cyst samples and no proliferation was detected in the PCR products of any of the sample.Conclusion:The scolex/germinal membrane’ absence in the FFPG sections, intense inflammatory cell reaction, presence of fibrosis and stromal/parenchymal tissue, DNA damage due to formaldehyde action, long-term archiving, and insufficient amount of DNA obtained were considered as factors preventing DNA replication in PCR.

This study aims to investigate the eff ects of three single nucleotide (SNPs) polymorphisms of the MBL1 gene on subclinical mastitis for Holstein cows. For this study, a total of 151 Holstein cows were selected in their third lactation. The subclinical mastitis conditions were determined using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Genotyping was carried out with the PCR-RFLP method. The results revealed that the wild-type allele frequencies were 0.72 (G allele), 0.40 (G allele), and 0.37 (T allele) for 1252 G>A, 2534 G>A, and 2569 T>C SNPs, respectively. Among the investigated SNPs, only the 1252 G>A SNP was not found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The eff ects of SNPs on subclinical mastitis were modeled using Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis. The established model can identify cows with subclinical mastitis with a separation efficiency of 62.3%. It was thought that 1252 G> A and 2534 G> A SNPs may aff ect subclinical mastitis rates.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs of medical faculty students about the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: Between 29/03/2020 and 04/13/2020 a total of 1,332 students had been questioned in three Turkish speaking countries (Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus). Results: The average age of the students were 20.1 +- 1.6. Among all 895 (67.7%) of them were female and 427 (32.3%) were male. 1020 (77.2%) of the studens were in Turkey, 195 (14.8%) were in Azerbaijan and 107 (8.1%) were in the TRNC. 104 of the students (7.9%) had a chronic disease. It was found that number of alcohol and cigarette users decreased significantly during the pandemic. (p

This article aims to provide an image on the Romanian-Turkish relationships from the perspective of the Romanian students. The rationale of the research lays on the importance of the perception the host country has about different groups of diasporas in the evolution of the relationships between countries. The study has an explorative value and adds to the existed empirical studies that investigate the image of the bilateral relationships between countries. The research surveyed 187 students from different universities from Romania. The main results identified a good image of Turkey, despite a less good opinion on the relations between the two countries over time; the students consider that the Romanian-Turkish relations have a good development potential; students are relatively reluctant about Turkey's accession to the European Union; the image of the traditional Turkish minority in Romania is a good one.

Background: Decreased sexual desire (libido) is one of the most common sexual complaints in patients with depression. It is known that antidepressants have certain effects on sexual life. Paroxetine is one of those antidepressants. However, the sexual adverse effects of paroxetine are unpredictable. This retrospective study aimed at determining the electrophysiological markers of paroxetine treatment effect on sexual desire in patients with depression (N = 56). Methods: Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) spectral power across all frequency bands were examined in depressed patients with decreased or normal sexual desire. Analysis of covariance was conducted on baseline qEEG, taking attention condition and severity of depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale -HDRS) as covariates. Results: Patients whose sexual desire did not improve had higher frontal alpha power and impaired attention function at baseline examination. Limitations: The results could be taken as preliminary due to the modest sample size. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, it can be concluded that frontal alpha power can be a biomarker of lack of libido improvement after treatment with paroxetine.

This study was concerned with the green synthesis of gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) using the bioactive constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Helichrysum italicum (immortelle) extracts, as reducer and stabilizer agents along with the determination of their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. The AuNFs were characterized using STEM, UV–Vis, DLS, ZETA, FESEM-EDX, and FTIR techniques. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the AuNFs were evaluated by microdilution broth and microtiter plate (MTP) tests, respectively. STEM and DLS analysis confirmed the flower-like morphology of gold nanoparticle clusters of R. officinalis-AuNFs (R-AuNFs) and H. italicum-AuNFs (H-AuNFs) with a size of 20–130 nm and 15–90 nm, respectively. The MICs of R-AuNFs were found to be 40 µg/mL for E. coli and S. epidermidis and 160 µg/mL for S. aureus. The MICs of H-AuNFs against all bacterial strains were 20 µg/mL. All tested AuNFs exhibited a strong dose-dependent antibiofilm activity against the test strains, and H-AuNFs was more effective than R-AuNFs. The green synthesis of AuNFs from the rosemary and immortelle extracts can be applied as a potential agent to overcome the growth of biofilm-producing microorganisms in food industries.

OBJECTIVE: Losartan is a selective angiotensin II receptor type 1 blocker and a substrate of drug efflux transporter MDR1 (ABCB1). MDR1 shows inter-individual variations due to genetic polymorphisms. C3435T, G2677T and C1236T polymorphic alleles of the MDR1 gene encoding the transporter have been shown to alter the transport, bioavailability and efficacy of certain drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of MDR1 (C3435T, G2677T/A and C1236T) and response to the treatment in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients being treated with losartan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 74 newly diagnosed hypertension patients were included in the study. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Systolic and diastolic mean blood pressure changes of the patients were expressed as a percentage (± SD). Blood pressure values prior to initiation of the treatment and subsequent measurements 6 weeks after starting the treatment were compared. RESULTS: Regarding the C3435T polymorphism, a mean decrease of systolic blood pressure in individuals with CT or TT genotype (n=55; 11.6% ± 9.7 mmHg) was significantly higher compared with that of the CC genotype (n = 19; 6.7% ± 9.6 mmHg, p = 0.03). No significant systolic blood pressure changes observed in G2677T/A and C1236T genotypes (p = 0.13 and 0.07, respectively). There was not any significant difference in diastolic blood pressure changes between pre- and post-treatment for any of the genotypes with C3435T, G2677T/A, or C1236T variations. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that hypotensive response to losartan was significantly affected by the C3435T genetic polymorphism of MDR1 and hypertensive patients with MDR1 3435T allele may present a better response to losartan treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]