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1. Degradation of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) compound in different environments

Author

Lyshtva, P, Voronova, V, Barbir, J, Leal, W, Kröger, SD, Witt, G, Miksch, L, Sabowski, R, Gutow, L, Frank, C, Emmerstorfer-Augustin, A, Agustin-Salazar, S, Cerruti, P, Santagata, G, Stagnaro, P, D'Arrigo, C, Vignolo, M, Krång, AS, Strömberg, E, Lehtinen, L, Annunen, V, Lyshtva, P, Voronova, V, Barbir, J, Leal, W, Kröger, SD, Witt, G, Miksch, L, Sabowski, R, Gutow, L, Frank, C, Emmerstorfer-Augustin, A, Agustin-Salazar, S, Cerruti, P, Santagata, G, Stagnaro, P, D'Arrigo, C, Vignolo, M, Krång, AS, Strömberg, E, Lehtinen, L, and Annunen, V

Abstract

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a promising biodegradable bio-based material, which is designed for a vast range of applications, depending on its composite. This study aims to assess the degradability of a PHBV-based compound under different conditions. The research group followed different methodological approaches and assessed visual and mass changes, mechanical and morphological properties, spectroscopic and structural characterisation, along with thermal behaviour. The Ph-Stat (enzymatic degradation) test and total dry solids (TDS)/total volatile solids (TVS) measurements were carried out. Finally, the team experimentally evaluated the amount of methane and carbon dioxide produced, i.e., the degree of biodegradation under aerobic conditions. According to the results, different types of tests have shown differing effects of environmental conditions on material degradation. In conclusion, this paper provides a summary of the investigations regarding the degradation behaviour of the PHBV-based compound under varying environmental factors. The main strengths of the study lie in its multi-faceted approach, combining assessments of PHBV-based compound degradability under different conditions using various analytical tools, such as visual and mass changes, mechanical and morphological properties, spectroscopic and structural characterization, and thermal behavior. These methods collectively contribute to the robustness and reliability of the undertaken work.

Published
2024

2. Assessing ecotoxicity of an innovative bio-based mulch film: a multi-environmental and multi-bioassay approach

Author

Barbir, J., primary, Arato, E., additional, Chen, C-Y., additional, Granberg, M., additional, Gutow, L., additional, Krång, A-S., additional, Kröger, S. D., additional, Leal Filho, W., additional, Liwarska-Bizukojc, E., additional, Miksch, L., additional, Paetz, K., additional, Prodana, M., additional, Saborowski, R., additional, Silva Rojas, R., additional, and Witt, G., additional

Published
2023
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3. Assessing ecotoxicity of an innovative bio-based mulch film: a multi-environmental and multi-bioassay approach

Author

Zhang, Zhenming, Barbir, J, Arato, E, Chen, CY, Granberg, M, Gutow, L, Krång, AS, Kröger, SD, Leal Filho, W, Liwarska-Bizukojc, E, Miksch, L, Paetz, K, Prodana, M, Saborowski, R, Silva Rojas, R, Witt, G, Zhang, Zhenming, Barbir, J, Arato, E, Chen, CY, Granberg, M, Gutow, L, Krång, AS, Kröger, SD, Leal Filho, W, Liwarska-Bizukojc, E, Miksch, L, Paetz, K, Prodana, M, Saborowski, R, Silva Rojas, R, and Witt, G

Abstract

Among the highly diverse range of biobased polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) received vast attention in recent years due to its versatility for different applications and being the first commercially used polymer produced from renewable sources. Production and application of bio-based, biodegradable plastics will have one of the most crucial roles in tackling worldwide plastic pollution. Methods: This study is based on integrative ecotoxicological assessment of an innovative PLA-based agricultural mulch film (BPE-AMF-PLA), developed under the H2020 EU project “BIO-PLASTICS EUROPE”, towards organisms from different environmental compartments (soil, fresh water and marine) and from different trophic levels. Such comprehensive evaluation has an overarching goal to promote environmentally safe and sustainable use of these PLA-based plastics for agricultural and other potential applications. Results: Low-to-no phytotoxicity was obtained in both single-species standardized bioassays, and in a multi-species microcosms experiment. Earthworm reproduction was negatively affected at the lowest test concentration of 0.1% w/w of PLA-based plastic particles. For freshwater Daphnia, reproduction was found a sensitive endpoint, upon exposure to the leachates of the PLA-based plastic. However, the reported toxicity seemed to be caused by the presence of 2-methylnaphthalene, which can be avoided in the production process. As for the marine organisms, algae growth was inhibited with a LOEC = 25 g L−1, whereas test with brine shrimp only revealed stimulation of lipase upon digestion of micro-sized PLA-based plastics. Marine lugworm ingested pristine and UV pre-treated micro-sized plastics, yet without impact either on biological activity, or on the health of the test individuals. Discussion: The approach used in the present work will contribute to product development, environmental safety and sustainable applications of the PLA-based mulch film BPE-AMF-PLA, in the scope of project BIO-PL

Published
2023

5. List of Contributors

Author

Abbas, B., primary, Abreu, A., additional, Adams, R., additional, Adolfsson-Erici, M., additional, Afonso, A., additional, Afonso-Olivares, C., additional, Agirbas, E., additional, Aguiló, J.M., additional, Airoldi, L., additional, Aksoy, H., additional, Albentosa, M., additional, Alcaro, L., additional, Aliani, S., additional, Al-Maslamani, I., additional, Alomar, C., additional, Altin, D., additional, Álvarez, E., additional, Amaral-Zettler, L.A., additional, Amato, E., additional, Anderson, A., additional, Andrady, A.L., additional, Andrius, G., additional, Angel, D., additional, Ariese, F., additional, Arp, H.P., additional, Asensio, M., additional, Assidqi, K., additional, Avio, C.G., additional, Aytan, U., additional, Bahri, T., additional, Baini, M., additional, Bakir, A., additional, Ball, H., additional, Baranyi, C., additional, Barboza, L.G.A., additional, Barg, U., additional, Bargelloni, L., additional, Barras, H., additional, Barrera, C., additional, Barria, P., additional, Barrows, A., additional, Barth, A., additional, Batel, A., additional, Baztan, J., additional, Baztan, P., additional, Beiras, R., additional, Benedetti, M., additional, Berber, A.A., additional, Berber, N., additional, Bergmann, M., additional, Berlino, M., additional, Berrow, S., additional, Bessa, F., additional, Besseling, E., additional, Beyer, B., additional, Binaglia, M., additional, Bizjak, T., additional, Bjorndal, K.A., additional, Blust, R., additional, Boertien, M., additional, Bolten, A.B., additional, Booth, A.M., additional, Bounoua, B., additional, Bourseau, P., additional, Brahimi, N., additional, Bramini, M., additional, Brennholt, N., additional, Breuninger, E., additional, Bried, J., additional, Broderick, A., additional, Broglio, E., additional, Browne, M.A., additional, Bruzaud, S., additional, Buceta, J., additional, Buchinger, S., additional, Budimir, S., additional, Budzin-ski, H., additional, Butter, E., additional, Cachot, J., additional, Caetano, M., additional, Callaghan, A., additional, Camedda, A., additional, Capella, S., additional, Cardelli, L., additional, Carpentieri, S., additional, Carrasco, A., additional, Carriço, R., additional, Caruso, A., additional, Cassone, A.-L., additional, Castillo, A., additional, Castro, R.O., additional, Catarino, A.I., additional, Cazenave, P.W., additional, Çelik, İ., additional, Cerralbo, P., additional, César, G., additional, Chouinard, O., additional, Chubarenko, I., additional, Chubarenko, I.P., additional, Cicero, A.M., additional, Clarindo, G., additional, Clarke, B., additional, Clérandeau, C., additional, Clüsener-Godt, M., additional, Codina-García, M., additional, Cole, M., additional, Collard, F., additional, Collignon, A., additional, Collins, T., additional, Compa, M., additional, Conan, P., additional, Constant, M., additional, Cordier, M., additional, Courtene-Jones, W., additional, Cousin, X., additional, Covelo, P., additional, Cózar, A., additional, Crichton, E., additional, Crispi, O., additional, Cronin, M., additional, Croot, P.L., additional, Cruz, M.J., additional, d’Errico, G., additional, Dâmaso, C., additional, Das, K., additional, de Alencastro, L.F., additional, de Araujo, F.V., additional, de Boer, J.F., additional, de Lucia, G.A., additional, Debeljak, P., additional, Dehaut, A., additional, Deudero, S., additional, Devrieses, L., additional, Di Vito, S., additional, Díaz, A., additional, Donohue, J., additional, Doumenq, P., additional, Doyle, T.K., additional, Dris, R., additional, Druon, J.-N., additional, Duarte, C.M., additional, Duflos, G., additional, Dumontier, M., additional, Duncan, E., additional, Dussud, C., additional, Eckerlebe, A., additional, Egelkraut-Holtus, M., additional, Eidsvoll, D.P., additional, Ek, C., additional, Elena, S., additional, Elineau, A., additional, Enevoldsen, H., additional, Eppe, G., additional, Eriksen, M., additional, Ernsteins, R., additional, Espino, M., additional, Estévez-Calvar, N., additional, Ewins, C., additional, Fabre, P., additional, Faimali, M., additional, Fattorini, D., additional, Faure, F., additional, Ferrando, S., additional, Ferreira, J.C., additional, Ferreira-da-Costa, M., additional, Fileman, E., additional, Fischer, M., additional, Fortunato, A.B., additional, Fossi, M.C., additional, Foulon, V., additional, Frank, A., additional, Frenzel, M., additional, Frère, L., additional, Frias, J.P.G.L., additional, Frick, H., additional, Froneman, P.W., additional, Gabet, V.M., additional, Gabrielsen, G.W., additional, Gago, J., additional, Gajst, T., additional, Galgani, F., additional, Gallinari, M., additional, Galloway, T.S., additional, Gamarro, E.G., additional, Gambardella, C., additional, Garaventa, F., additional, Garcia, S., additional, Garrabou, J., additional, Garrido, P., additional, Gary, S.F., additional, Gasperi, J., additional, Gaze, W., additional, Geertz, T., additional, Gelado-Caballero, M.D., additional, George, M., additional, Gercken, J., additional, Gerdts, G., additional, Ghiglione, J.-F., additional, Gies, E., additional, Gilbert, B., additional, Giménez, L., additional, Glassom, D., additional, Glockzin, M., additional, Godley, B., additional, Goede, K., additional, Goksøyr, A., additional, Gómez, M., additional, Gómez-Parra, A., additional, González-Marco, D., additional, González-Solís, J., additional, Gorbi, S., additional, Gorokhova, E., additional, Gorsky, G., additional, Gosch, M., additional, Grose, J., additional, Guebitz, G.M., additional, Guedes-Alonso, R., additional, Guijarro, B., additional, Guilhermino, L., additional, Gundry, T., additional, Gutow, L., additional, Haave, M., additional, Haeckel, M., additional, Haernvall, K., additional, Hajbane, S., additional, Hamann, M., additional, Hämer, J., additional, Hamm, T., additional, Hansen, B.H., additional, Hardesty, B.D., additional, Harth, B., additional, Hartikainen, S., additional, Hassellöv, M., additional, Hatzky, S., additional, Healy, M.G., additional, Hégaret, H., additional, Henry, T.B., additional, Hermabessiere, L., additional, Hernández-Brito, J.J., additional, Hernandez-Gonzalez, A., additional, Hernandez-Milian, G., additional, Hernd, G., additional, Herrera, A., additional, Herring, C., additional, Herzke, D., additional, Heussner, S., additional, Hidalgo-Ruz, V., additional, Himber, C., additional, Holland, M., additional, Hong, N.-H., additional, Horton, A.A., additional, Horvat, P., additional, Huck, T., additional, Huhn, M., additional, Huvet, A., additional, Iglesias, M., additional, Igor, C., additional, Isachenko, I.A., additional, Ivar do Sul, J-A., additional, Jahnke, A., additional, Janis, B., additional, Janis, K., additional, Janis, U., additional, Jemec, A., additional, Jiménez, J.C., additional, Johnsen, H., additional, Jorgensen, B., additional, Jørgensen, J.H., additional, Jörundsdóttir, H., additional, Jung, Y.-J., additional, Kedzierski, M., additional, Keiter, S., additional, Kershaw, P., additional, Kerhervé, P., additional, Kesy, K., additional, Khan, F., additional, Khatmullina, L.I., additional, Kirby, J., additional, Kiriakoulakis, K., additional, Klein, R., additional, Klunderud, T., additional, Knudsen, C.M.H., additional, Knudsen, T.B., additional, Kochleus, C., additional, Koelmans, A.A., additional, Kögel, T., additional, Koistinen, A., additional, Kopke, K., additional, Korez, Š., additional, Kowalski, N., additional, Kreikemeyer, B., additional, Kroon, F., additional, Krumpen, T., additional, Krzan, A., additional, Kržan, A., additional, Labrenz, M., additional, Lacroix, C., additional, Ladirat, L., additional, Laforsch, C., additional, Lagarde, F., additional, Lahive, E., additional, Lambert, C., additional, Lapucci, C., additional, Lattin, G., additional, Law, K.L., additional, Le Roux, F., additional, Le Souef, K., additional, Le Tilly, V., additional, Lebreton, L., additional, Leemans, E., additional, Lehtiniemi, M., additional, Lenz, M., additional, Leskinen, J., additional, Leslie, H., additional, Leslie, H.A., additional, Levasseur, C., additional, Lewis, C., additional, Licandro, P., additional, Lind, K., additional, Lindeque, P., additional, Lindeque, P.K., additional, Lips, I., additional, Liria, A., additional, Liria-Loza, A., additional, Llinás, O., additional, Loiselle, S.A., additional, Long, M., additional, Lorenz, C., additional, Lorenzo, S.M., additional, Loubar, K., additional, Luna-Jorquera, G., additional, Lusher, A.L., additional, Macchia, V., additional, MacGabban, S., additional, Mackay, K., additional, MacLeod, M., additional, Maes, T., additional, Magaletti, E., additional, Maggiore, A., additional, Magnusson, K., additional, Mahon, A.M., additional, Makorič, P., additional, Mallow, O., additional, Marques, J., additional, Marsili, L., additional, Martí, E., additional, Martignac, M., additional, Martin, J., additional, Martínez, I., additional, Martínez, J., additional, Martinez-Gil, M., additional, Martins, H.R., additional, Matiddi, M., additional, Maximenko, N., additional, Mazlum, R., additional, Mcadam, R., additional, Mcknight, L., additional, McNeal, A.W., additional, Measures, J., additional, Mederos, M.S., additional, Mendoza, J., additional, Meyer, M.S., additional, Miguelez, A., additional, Milan, M., additional, Militão, T., additional, Miller, R.Z., additional, Mino-Vercellio-Verollet, M., additional, Mir, G., additional, Miranda-Urbina, D., additional, Misurale, F., additional, Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., additional, Mora, J., additional, Morgana, S., additional, Moriceau, B., additional, Morin, B., additional, Morley, A., additional, Morrison, L., additional, Murphy, F., additional, Naidoo, T., additional, Näkki, P., additional, Napper, I.E., additional, Narayanaswamy, B.E., additional, Nash, R., additional, Negri, A., additional, Nel, H.A., additional, Nerheim, M.S., additional, Nerland, I.L., additional, Neto, J., additional, Neves, V., additional, Nies, H., additional, Noel, M., additional, Nor, N.H.M., additional, Noren, F., additional, O’ Connell, B., additional, O’ Connor, I., additional, Obbard, J.P., additional, Oberbeckmann, S., additional, Obispo, R., additional, Officer, R., additional, Ogonowski, M., additional, Orbea, A., additional, Ortlieb, M., additional, Osborn, A.M., additional, Ostiategui-Francia, P., additional, Packard, T., additional, Pahl, S., additional, Palatinus, A., additional, Palmqvist, A., additional, Pannetier, P., additional, Panti, C., additional, Parmentier, E., additional, Pasanen, P., additional, Patarnello, T., additional, Pattiaratchi, C., additional, Pauletto, M., additional, Paulus, M., additional, Pavlekovsky, K., additional, Pedersen, H.B., additional, Pedrotti, M.-L., additional, Peeken, I., additional, Peeters, D., additional, Peeters, E., additional, Pellegrini, D., additional, Perales, J.A., additional, Perez, E., additional, Perz, V., additional, Petit, S., additional, Pflieger, M., additional, Pham, C.K., additional, Piazza, V., additional, Pinto, M., additional, Planells, O., additional, Plaza, M., additional, Pompini, O., additional, Potthoff, A., additional, Prades, L., additional, Primpke, S., additional, Proietti, M., additional, Proskurowski, G., additional, Puig, C., additional, Pujo-Pay, M., additional, Pullerits, K., additional, Queirós, A.M., additional, Quinn, B., additional, Raimonds, E., additional, Ramis-Pujol, J., additional, Rascher-Friesenhausen, R., additional, Reardon, E., additional, Regoli, F., additional, Reichardt, A.M., additional, Reifferscheid, G., additional, Reilly, K., additional, Reisser, J., additional, Riba, I., additional, Ribitsch, D., additional, Rinnert, E., additional, Rios, N., additional, Rist, S.E., additional, Rivadeneira, M.M., additional, Rivière, G., additional, Robbens, J., additional, Robertson, C.J.R., additional, Rocher, V., additional, Rochman, C.M., additional, Rodrigues, M., additional, Rodriguez, Y., additional, Rodríguez, A., additional, Rodríguez, G., additional, Rodríguez, J.R.B., additional, Rodríguez, S., additional, Rodríguez, Y., additional, Rogan, E., additional, Rojo-Nieto, E., additional, Romeo, T., additional, Ross, P.S., additional, Roveta, A., additional, Rowland, S.J., additional, Ruckstuhl, N.A., additional, Ruiz-Fernández, A-C., additional, Ruiz-Orejón, L.F., additional, Runge, J., additional, Russell, M., additional, Saavedra, C., additional, Saborowski, R., additional, Sahin, B.E., additional, Sailley, S., additional, Sakaguchi-Söder, K., additional, Salaverria, I., additional, Sánchez-Arcilla, A., additional, Sánchez-Nieva, J., additional, Sanderson, W., additional, Santana-Rodríguez, J.J., additional, Santana-Viera, S., additional, Santos, M.B., additional, Santos, M.R., additional, Sanz, M.R., additional, Sardá, R., additional, Savelli, H., additional, Schoeneich-Argent, R., additional, Scholz-Böttcher, B.M., additional, Sciacca, F., additional, Scofield, R.P., additional, Setälä, O., additional, Selenius, M., additional, Sempere, R., additional, Senturk, Y., additional, Shashoua, Y., additional, Sherman, P., additional, Sick, C., additional, Siegel, D., additional, Sierra, J.P., additional, Silva, F., additional, Silvestri, C., additional, Sintija, G., additional, Sire, O., additional, Slat, B., additional, Smit, A., additional, Sobral, P., additional, Sorvari, J., additional, Sosa-Ferrera, Z., additional, Sotillo, M.G., additional, Soudant, P., additional, Speidel, L., additional, Spurgeon, D.J., additional, Steer, M.K., additional, Steindal, C.C., additional, Stifanese, R., additional, Štindlová, A., additional, Stuurman, L., additional, Suaria, G., additional, Suazo, C.G., additional, Sureda, A., additional, Surette, C., additional, Svendsen, C., additional, Syberg, K., additional, Tairova, Z., additional, Talvitie, J., additional, Tassin, B., additional, Tazerout, M., additional, Tekman, M.B., additional, ter Halle, A., additional, Thiel, M., additional, Thomas, K.V., additional, Thompson, R.C., additional, Tinkara, T., additional, Tirelli, V., additional, Tomassetti, P., additional, Toorman, E., additional, Toppe, J., additional, Tornambè, A., additional, Torres, R., additional, Torres-Padrón, M.E., additional, Underwood, A.J., additional, Urbina, M., additional, Usategui-Martín, A., additional, Usta, R., additional, Valdés, L., additional, Valente, A., additional, Valentina, T., additional, van Arkel, K., additional, Van Colen, C., additional, Van Der Hal, N., additional, van Franeker, J.A., additional, Van Herwerden, L., additional, Van Loosdrecht, M., additional, van Oyen, A., additional, Vandeperre, F., additional, Vanderlinden, J-P., additional, Vani, D., additional, Vasconcelos, L., additional, Vega-Moreno, D., additional, Ventero, A., additional, Vethaak, A.D., additional, Vianello, A., additional, Vicioso, M., additional, Vieira, L.R., additional, Viršek, M.K., additional, Vos, M., additional, Wahl, M., additional, Wallace, N., additional, Walton, A., additional, Waniek, J.J., additional, Watts, A., additional, Webster, L., additional, Wesch, C., additional, Whitfield, E., additional, Wichels, A., additional, Wieczorek, A.M., additional, Wilcox, C., additional, Williams, R.J., additional, Wong-Wah-Chung, P., additional, Wright, S., additional, Wyles, K.J., additional, Young, R., additional, Yurtsever, M., additional, Yurtsever, U., additional, Zada, L., additional, Zamani, N.P., additional, and Zampetti, G., additional

Published
2017
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9. Breaking Down the Plastic Age

Author

Baztan, J., primary, Bergmann, M., additional, Booth, A., additional, Broglio, E., additional, Carrasco, A., additional, Chouinard, O., additional, Clüsener-Godt, M., additional, Cordier, M., additional, Cozar, A., additional, Devrieses, L., additional, Enevoldsen, H., additional, Ernsteins, R., additional, Ferreira-da-Costa, M., additional, Fossi, M-C., additional, Gago, J., additional, Galgani, F., additional, Garrabou, J., additional, Gerdts, G., additional, Gomez, M., additional, Gómez-Parra, A., additional, Gutow, L., additional, Herrera, A., additional, Herring, C., additional, Huck, T., additional, Huvet, A., additional, Ivar do Sul, J-A., additional, Jorgensen, B., additional, Krzan, A., additional, Lagarde, F., additional, Liria, A., additional, Lusher, A., additional, Miguelez, A., additional, Packard, T., additional, Pahl, S., additional, Paul-Pont, I., additional, Peeters, D., additional, Robbens, J., additional, Ruiz-Fernández, A-C., additional, Runge, J., additional, Sánchez-Arcilla, A., additional, Soudant, P., additional, Surette, C., additional, Thompson, R.C., additional, Valdés, L., additional, Vanderlinden, J-P., additional, and Wallace, N., additional

Published
2017
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11. Wadden Sea Quality Status Reports 2022

Author

Kloepper, S., Bostelmann, A., Thomas Bregnballe, Busch, J. A., Buschbaum, C., Deen, K., Domnick, A., Gutow, L., Jensen, K., Niels Jepsen, Luna, S., Kristine Meise, Jonas Teilmann, and Wezel, A.

Subjects
Vadehavet
Abstract

The QSR describes and evaluates the current ecological status of the Wadden Sea. It identifies changes in this status and their possible causes, classifies issues of concern and indicates possible measures of redress, including evaluation of the likely effectiveness of these measures, and it detects gaps in knowledge. The QSR is an output of the Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Programme (TMAP).

Published
2022

13. Shrimp and microplastics: A case study with the Atlantic ditch shrimp Palaemon varians

Author

Saborowski, R., Korez, Š., Riesbeck, Sarah, Weidung, M., Bickmeyer, U., Gutow, L., Saborowski, R., Korez, Š., Riesbeck, Sarah, Weidung, M., Bickmeyer, U., and Gutow, L.

Abstract

Many invertebrate species inhabit coastal areas where loads of plastic debris and microplastics are high. In the current case study, we exemplarily illustrate the principal processes taking place in the Atlantic ditch shrimp, Palaemon varians, upon ingestion of microplastics. In the laboratory, shrimp readily ingested fluorescent polystyrene microbeads of 0.1–9.9 µm, which could be tracked within the widely translucent body. Ingested food items as well as micro-particles cumulate in the stomach where they are macerated and mixed with digestive enzymes. Inside the stomach, ingested particles are segregated by size by a complex fine-meshed filter system. Liquids and some of the smallest particles (0.1 µm) pass the filter and enter the midgut gland where resorption of nutrients as well as synthesis and release of digestive enzymes take place. Large particles and most of the small particles are egested with the feces through the hindgut. Small particles, which enter the midgut gland, may interact with the epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, as indicated by elevated activities of superoxide dismutase and cellular markers of reactive oxygen species. The shrimp indiscriminately ingest microparticles but possess efficient mechanisms to protect their organs from overloading with microplastics and other indigestible particles. These include an efficient sorting mechanism within the stomach and the protection of the midgut gland by the pyloric filter. Formation of detrimental radical oxygen species is counteracted by the induction of enzymatic antioxidants.

Published
2022

14. Naturschutzpolitischer Aufbruch jetzt: Für ein Jahrzehnt des naturschutzbasierten Klimaschutzes und der Biodiversitätspolitik. Orientierungspapier Biodiversität für die Koalitionsverhandlungen – Oktober 2021

Author

Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, Dietrich, Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, Josef, Zinngrebe, Yves, Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, Dietrich, Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, Josef, and Zinngrebe, Yves

Abstract

Der Erhalt der Biodiversität und intakter Ökosysteme ist überlebenswichtig für Mensch und Natur. Dennoch schreitet der Verlust von Biodiversität sowohl in Deutschland – dem Fokus dieses Papiers – wie auch weltweit dramatisch voran. Die Politik hinkt dem zunehmenden Handlungsdruck allerdings weit hinterher. Bestehende Verpflichtungen wurden bisher nicht erfüllt, gesteckte Ziele nicht erreicht. Daher muss die neue Bundesregierung Verantwortung übernehmen und die Ursachen für den Verlust der Biodiversität, die in verschiedenen Politikfeldern liegen, bereits im Koalitionsvertrag adressieren. Der wirksame Schutz von Biodiversität kann nicht alleine mit der Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten erreicht werden, sondern ist eine Integrationsaufgabe. Die Adressaten dieses Textes sind daher politische Akteure, die Biodiversitätsziele in ihren Verantwortungsbereichen (Ressorts) und in allen relevanten Strategien integrieren sowie die relevanten Stakeholder mitnehmen müssen.Die hier beitragenden und zeichnenden Wissenschaftler*innen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen werben gemeinsam für ein deutlich größeres Engagement für Biodiversität und legen hierfür die folgenden Handlungsempfehlungen für deutsche und europäische Politik vor. Sie appellieren an die politischen Verantwortungsträger*innen, diese vielfältigen Herausforderungen entschlossen anzugehen und unsere natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen wirkungsvoll zu schützen.

Published
2021

15. Schutz der Biodiversität schützt vor zukünftigen Pandemien

Author

Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, D., Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, J., Zinngrebe, Y., Settele, Josef, Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, D., Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, J., Zinngrebe, Y., and Settele, Josef

Abstract

Der Erhalt der Biodiversität und intakter Ökosysteme ist überlebenswichtig für Mensch und Natur. Dennoch schreitet der Verlust von Biodiversität sowohl in Deutschland – dem Fokus dieses Papiers – wie auch weltweit dramatisch voran. Die Politik hinkt dem zunehmenden Handlungsdruck allerdings weit hinterher. Bestehende Verpflichtungen wurden bisher nicht erfüllt, gesteckte Ziele nicht erreicht. Daher muss die neue Bundesregierung Verantwortung übernehmen und die Ursachen für den Verlust der Biodiversität, die in verschiedenen Politikfeldern liegen, bereits im Koalitionsvertrag adressieren. Der wirksame Schutz von Biodiversität kann nicht alleine mit der Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten erreicht werden, sondern ist eine Integrationsaufgabe. Die Adressaten dieses Textes sind daher politische Akteure, die Biodiversitätsziele in ihren Verantwortungsbereichen (Ressorts) und in allen relevanten Strategien integrieren sowie die relevanten Stakeholder mitnehmen müssen.Die hier beitragenden und zeichnenden Wissenschaftler*innen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen werben gemeinsam für ein deutlich größeres Engagement für Biodiversität und legen hierfür die folgenden Handlungsempfehlungen für deutsche und europäische Politik vor. Sie appellieren an die politischen Verantwortungsträger*innen, diese vielfältigen Herausforderungen entschlossen anzugehen und unsere natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen wirkungsvoll zu schützen.

Published
2021

16. Ökosysteme Flüsse und Seen

Author

Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, D., Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, J., Zinngrebe, Y., Borchardt, Dietrich, Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, D., Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, J., Zinngrebe, Y., and Borchardt, Dietrich

Abstract

Der Erhalt der Biodiversität und intakter Ökosysteme ist überlebenswichtig für Mensch und Natur. Dennoch schreitet der Verlust von Biodiversität sowohl in Deutschland – dem Fokus dieses Papiers – wie auch weltweit dramatisch voran. Die Politik hinkt dem zunehmenden Handlungsdruck allerdings weit hinterher. Bestehende Verpflichtungen wurden bisher nicht erfüllt, gesteckte Ziele nicht erreicht. Daher muss die neue Bundesregierung Verantwortung übernehmen und die Ursachen für den Verlust der Biodiversität, die in verschiedenen Politikfeldern liegen, bereits im Koalitionsvertrag adressieren. Der wirksame Schutz von Biodiversität kann nicht alleine mit der Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten erreicht werden, sondern ist eine Integrationsaufgabe. Die Adressaten dieses Textes sind daher politische Akteure, die Biodiversitätsziele in ihren Verantwortungsbereichen (Ressorts) und in allen relevanten Strategien integrieren sowie die relevanten Stakeholder mitnehmen müssen.Die hier beitragenden und zeichnenden Wissenschaftler*innen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen werben gemeinsam für ein deutlich größeres Engagement für Biodiversität und legen hierfür die folgenden Handlungsempfehlungen für deutsche und europäische Politik vor. Sie appellieren an die politischen Verantwortungsträger*innen, diese vielfältigen Herausforderungen entschlossen anzugehen und unsere natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen wirkungsvoll zu schützen.

Published
2021

17. Biodiversität und Klima lassen sich nur gemeinsam schützen

Author

Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, D., Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, J., Zinngrebe, Y., Settele, Josef, Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, D., Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, J., Zinngrebe, Y., and Settele, Josef

Abstract

Der Erhalt der Biodiversität und intakter Ökosysteme ist überlebenswichtig für Mensch und Natur. Dennoch schreitet der Verlust von Biodiversität sowohl in Deutschland – dem Fokus dieses Papiers – wie auch weltweit dramatisch voran. Die Politik hinkt dem zunehmenden Handlungsdruck allerdings weit hinterher. Bestehende Verpflichtungen wurden bisher nicht erfüllt, gesteckte Ziele nicht erreicht. Daher muss die neue Bundesregierung Verantwortung übernehmen und die Ursachen für den Verlust der Biodiversität, die in verschiedenen Politikfeldern liegen, bereits im Koalitionsvertrag adressieren. Der wirksame Schutz von Biodiversität kann nicht alleine mit der Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten erreicht werden, sondern ist eine Integrationsaufgabe. Die Adressaten dieses Textes sind daher politische Akteure, die Biodiversitätsziele in ihren Verantwortungsbereichen (Ressorts) und in allen relevanten Strategien integrieren sowie die relevanten Stakeholder mitnehmen müssen.Die hier beitragenden und zeichnenden Wissenschaftler*innen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen werben gemeinsam für ein deutlich größeres Engagement für Biodiversität und legen hierfür die folgenden Handlungsempfehlungen für deutsche und europäische Politik vor. Sie appellieren an die politischen Verantwortungsträger*innen, diese vielfältigen Herausforderungen entschlossen anzugehen und unsere natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen wirkungsvoll zu schützen.

Published
2021

18. Zentrale Stellschrauben für eine starke Biodiversitätspolitik

Author

Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, D., Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, J., Zinngrebe, Y., Zinngrebe, Yves, Böcher, M., Boetius, A., Borchardt, D., Grethe, H., Gutow, L., Haase, D., Hain, S., Ibisch, P., Jacob, K., Joosten, H., Niebert, K., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, J., Zinngrebe, Y., and Zinngrebe, Yves

Abstract

Der Erhalt der Biodiversität und intakter Ökosysteme ist überlebenswichtig für Mensch und Natur. Dennoch schreitet der Verlust von Biodiversität sowohl in Deutschland – dem Fokus dieses Papiers – wie auch weltweit dramatisch voran. Die Politik hinkt dem zunehmenden Handlungsdruck allerdings weit hinterher. Bestehende Verpflichtungen wurden bisher nicht erfüllt, gesteckte Ziele nicht erreicht. Daher muss die neue Bundesregierung Verantwortung übernehmen und die Ursachen für den Verlust der Biodiversität, die in verschiedenen Politikfeldern liegen, bereits im Koalitionsvertrag adressieren. Der wirksame Schutz von Biodiversität kann nicht alleine mit der Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten erreicht werden, sondern ist eine Integrationsaufgabe. Die Adressaten dieses Textes sind daher politische Akteure, die Biodiversitätsziele in ihren Verantwortungsbereichen (Ressorts) und in allen relevanten Strategien integrieren sowie die relevanten Stakeholder mitnehmen müssen.Die hier beitragenden und zeichnenden Wissenschaftler*innen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen werben gemeinsam für ein deutlich größeres Engagement für Biodiversität und legen hierfür die folgenden Handlungsempfehlungen für deutsche und europäische Politik vor. Sie appellieren an die politischen Verantwortungsträger*innen, diese vielfältigen Herausforderungen entschlossen anzugehen und unsere natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen wirkungsvoll zu schützen.

Published
2021

21. Breaking Down the Plastic Age

Author

Baztan, J., Bergmann, M., Booth, A., Broglio, E., Carrasco, A., Chouinard, O., Clüsener-Godt, M., Cordier, M., Cozar, A., Devrieses, L., Enevoldsen, H., Ernsteins, R., Ferreira-da-Costa, M., Fossi, M-C., Gago, J., Galgani, F., Garrabou, J., Gerdts, G., Gomez, M., Gómez-Parra, A., Gutow, L., Herrera, A., Herring, C., Huck, T., Huvet, A., Ivar do Sul, J-A., Jorgensen, B., Krzan, A., Lagarde, F., Liria, A., Lusher, A., Miguelez, A., Packard, T., Pahl, S., Paul-Pont, I., Peeters, D., Robbens, J., Ruiz-Fernández, A-C., Runge, J., Sánchez-Arcilla, A., Soudant, P., Surette, C., Thompson, R.C., Valdés, L., Vanderlinden, J-P., and Wallace, N.

Published
2017
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23. Marine litter

Author

Fleet, D.M., Dau, K., Gutow, L., Schulz, M., Unger, Bianca, and van Franeker, J.A.

Subjects
Onderzoeksformatie, Life Science, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract

The results from the various investigations and monitoring programmes presented in this report demonstrate the continuous and widespread occurrence of litter in the Wadden Sea and adjacent offshore waters. Marine litter of different sizes and from diverse sources occurs on dunes and beaches, in and on inter- to subtidal sediments and in marine organisms, including protected seabirds and mammals. The OSPAR Beach Litter Monitoring and Monitoring on Litter in Fulmars’ Stomachs provide an evaluation of the temporal development of litter abundance in the southern North Sea. Both programmes clearly show that litter densities have not declined since the last Wadden Sea QSR in 2009, indicating that large amounts of litter are still entering the marine environment either directly within the Wadden Sea or from adjacent waters. The amount of litter entering the marine environment is continuously increasing(Jambeck et al., 2015). This increase is, however, not apparent in the results of the two monitoring programmes. Litter degrades in the marine environment and breaks down into ever smaller fragments. The fragmentation of plastic objects produces microplastics, which are not sufficiently assessed by current monitoring programmes. Densities of microplastics are expected to increase substantially in the future in all marine habitats. Accordingly, scientifically sound monitoring of these synthetic particles with standardized methods that allow for the comparison of results from different programmes will be indispensable.Marine litter is not restricted to specific habitats but occurs in all compartments of the marine environment with a constant exchange between them. Accordingly, monitoring litter densities in both coastal and offshore habitats is essential for a sound evaluation of litter pollution of the Wadden Sea. Many of the investigations presented in this report are on-off events, which do not provide information on temporal trends. However, they do demonstrate that the Wadden Sea is contaminated with marine litter and that litter densities in the Wadden Sea are not lower than in other coastal regions. The litter densities presented in this report provide a valuable baseline for future evaluations of temporal trends. The monitoring of litter in fulmars’ stomachs and the examinations of carcasses of harbour porpoise, harbour seals and eider ducks revealed that litter does not simply occur in the marine environment but actually interacts in a potentially harmful way with the marine biota. It is well established that the ingestion of litter can have deleterious and often lethal effects on marine organisms. It is yet unknown whether marine litter has demographically relevant implications for marine species. For evaluating this, the effects of marine litter must not be considered in isolation but always together with the effects of other environmental stressors such as ocean warming and acidification, eutrophication and the exploitation of natural stocks (see reports on climate change, geomorphology, eutrophication and fisheries). SeveralWadden Sea Plan targets are compromised by the continuous pollution of the North Sea with marine litter. A proper management of the marine litter problem will require appropriate reduction measures and extended and optimized monitoring programmes in order to evaluate future developments.

Published
2017

24. Wadden Sea Quality Status Report : Marine litter

Author

Fleet, D.M., Dau, K., Gutow, L., Schulz, M., Unger, B., Franeker, J.A. van, Fleet, D.M., Dau, K., Gutow, L., Schulz, M., Unger, B., and Franeker, J.A. van

Abstract

Pollution with litter in the marine and coastal environment is a global problem, which does not stop at the border of the Wadden Sea. It causes harm to the Wadden Seathrough enhanced economic costs, e.g., for beach cleaning, cleaning of nets, shipspropellers etc. and through its effects on wildlife, mainly through entanglement, ingestion and smothering. The sources of marine litter are manifold. Litter enters themarine environment at sea, from land or can be transported there by rivers. It canoriginate from local or distant sources. Marine litter is defined as all synthetic or processed items or fragments of items that have been discarded or lost either directly into the coastal and marine environment or transported from land to the sea e.g., by rivers or effluents, wind and land run-off.

Published
2017

28. List of Contributors

Author

Abbas, B., Abreu, A., Adams, R., Adolfsson-Erici, M., Afonso, A., Afonso-Olivares, C., Agirbas, E., Aguiló, J.M., Airoldi, L., Aksoy, H., Albentosa, M., Alcaro, L., Aliani, S., Al-Maslamani, I., Alomar, C., Altin, D., Álvarez, E., Amaral-Zettler, L.A., Amato, E., Anderson, A., Andrady, A.L., Andrius, G., Angel, D., Ariese, F., Arp, H.P., Asensio, M., Assidqi, K., Avio, C.G., Aytan, U., Bahri, T., Baini, M., Bakir, A., Ball, H., Baranyi, C., Barboza, L.G.A., Barg, U., Bargelloni, L., Barras, H., Barrera, C., Barria, P., Barrows, A., Barth, A., Batel, A., Baztan, J., Baztan, P., Beiras, R., Benedetti, M., Berber, A.A., Berber, N., Bergmann, M., Berlino, M., Berrow, S., Bessa, F., Besseling, E., Beyer, B., Binaglia, M., Bizjak, T., Bjorndal, K.A., Blust, R., Boertien, M., Bolten, A.B., Booth, A.M., Bounoua, B., Bourseau, P., Brahimi, N., Bramini, M., Brennholt, N., Breuninger, E., Bried, J., Broderick, A., Broglio, E., Browne, M.A., Bruzaud, S., Buceta, J., Buchinger, S., Budimir, S., Budzin-ski, H., Butter, E., Cachot, J., Caetano, M., Callaghan, A., Camedda, A., Capella, S., Cardelli, L., Carpentieri, S., Carrasco, A., Carriço, R., Caruso, A., Cassone, A.-L., Castillo, A., Castro, R.O., Catarino, A.I., Cazenave, P.W., Çelik, İ., Cerralbo, P., César, G., Chouinard, O., Chubarenko, I., Chubarenko, I.P., Cicero, A.M., Clarindo, G., Clarke, B., Clérandeau, C., Clüsener-Godt, M., Codina-García, M., Cole, M., Collard, F., Collignon, A., Collins, T., Compa, M., Conan, P., Constant, M., Cordier, M., Courtene-Jones, W., Cousin, X., Covelo, P., Cózar, A., Crichton, E., Crispi, O., Cronin, M., Croot, P.L., Cruz, M.J., d’Errico, G., Dâmaso, C., Das, K., de Alencastro, L.F., de Araujo, F.V., de Boer, J.F., de Lucia, G.A., Debeljak, P., Dehaut, A., Deudero, S., Devrieses, L., Di Vito, S., Díaz, A., Donohue, J., Doumenq, P., Doyle, T.K., Dris, R., Druon, J.-N., Duarte, C.M., Duflos, G., Dumontier, M., Duncan, E., Dussud, C., Eckerlebe, A., Egelkraut-Holtus, M., Eidsvoll, D.P., Ek, C., Elena, S., Elineau, A., Enevoldsen, H., Eppe, G., Eriksen, M., Ernsteins, R., Espino, M., Estévez-Calvar, N., Ewins, C., Fabre, P., Faimali, M., Fattorini, D., Faure, F., Ferrando, S., Ferreira, J.C., Ferreira-da-Costa, M., Fileman, E., Fischer, M., Fortunato, A.B., Fossi, M.C., Foulon, V., Frank, A., Frenzel, M., Frère, L., Frias, J.P.G.L., Frick, H., Froneman, P.W., Gabet, V.M., Gabrielsen, G.W., Gago, J., Gajst, T., Galgani, F., Gallinari, M., Galloway, T.S., Gamarro, E.G., Gambardella, C., Garaventa, F., Garcia, S., Garrabou, J., Garrido, P., Gary, S.F., Gasperi, J., Gaze, W., Geertz, T., Gelado-Caballero, M.D., George, M., Gercken, J., Gerdts, G., Ghiglione, J.-F., Gies, E., Gilbert, B., Giménez, L., Glassom, D., Glockzin, M., Godley, B., Goede, K., Goksøyr, A., Gómez, M., Gómez-Parra, A., González-Marco, D., González-Solís, J., Gorbi, S., Gorokhova, E., Gorsky, G., Gosch, M., Grose, J., Guebitz, G.M., Guedes-Alonso, R., Guijarro, B., Guilhermino, L., Gundry, T., Gutow, L., Haave, M., Haeckel, M., Haernvall, K., Hajbane, S., Hamann, M., Hämer, J., Hamm, T., Hansen, B.H., Hardesty, B.D., Harth, B., Hartikainen, S., Hassellöv, M., Hatzky, S., Healy, M.G., Hégaret, H., Henry, T.B., Hermabessiere, L., Hernández-Brito, J.J., Hernandez-Gonzalez, A., Hernandez-Milian, G., Hernd, G., Herrera, A., Herring, C., Herzke, D., Heussner, S., Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Himber, C., Holland, M., Hong, N.-H., Horton, A.A., Horvat, P., Huck, T., Huhn, M., Huvet, A., Iglesias, M., Igor, C., Isachenko, I.A., Ivar do Sul, J-A., Jahnke, A., Janis, B., Janis, K., Janis, U., Jemec, A., Jiménez, J.C., Johnsen, H., Jorgensen, B., Jørgensen, J.H., Jörundsdóttir, H., Jung, Y.-J., Kedzierski, M., Keiter, S., Kershaw, P., Kerhervé, P., Kesy, K., Khan, F., Khatmullina, L.I., Kirby, J., Kiriakoulakis, K., Klein, R., Klunderud, T., Knudsen, C.M.H., Knudsen, T.B., Kochleus, C., Koelmans, A.A., Kögel, T., Koistinen, A., Kopke, K., Korez, Š., Kowalski, N., Kreikemeyer, B., Kroon, F., Krumpen, T., Krzan, A., Kržan, A., Labrenz, M., Lacroix, C., Ladirat, L., Laforsch, C., Lagarde, F., Lahive, E., Lambert, C., Lapucci, C., Lattin, G., Law, K.L., Le Roux, F., Le Souef, K., Le Tilly, V., Lebreton, L., Leemans, E., Lehtiniemi, M., Lenz, M., Leskinen, J., Leslie, H., Leslie, H.A., Levasseur, C., Lewis, C., Licandro, P., Lind, K., Lindeque, P., Lindeque, P.K., Lips, I., Liria, A., Liria-Loza, A., Llinás, O., Loiselle, S.A., Long, M., Lorenz, C., Lorenzo, S.M., Loubar, K., Luna-Jorquera, G., Lusher, A.L., Macchia, V., MacGabban, S., Mackay, K., MacLeod, M., Maes, T., Magaletti, E., Maggiore, A., Magnusson, K., Mahon, A.M., Makorič, P., Mallow, O., Marques, J., Marsili, L., Martí, E., Martignac, M., Martin, J., Martínez, I., Martínez, J., Martinez-Gil, M., Martins, H.R., Matiddi, M., Maximenko, N., Mazlum, R., Mcadam, R., Mcknight, L., McNeal, A.W., Measures, J., Mederos, M.S., Mendoza, J., Meyer, M.S., Miguelez, A., Milan, M., Militão, T., Miller, R.Z., Mino-Vercellio-Verollet, M., Mir, G., Miranda-Urbina, D., Misurale, F., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Mora, J., Morgana, S., Moriceau, B., Morin, B., Morley, A., Morrison, L., Murphy, F., Naidoo, T., Näkki, P., Napper, I.E., Narayanaswamy, B.E., Nash, R., Negri, A., Nel, H.A., Nerheim, M.S., Nerland, I.L., Neto, J., Neves, V., Nies, H., Noel, M., Nor, N.H.M., Noren, F., O’ Connell, B., O’ Connor, I., Obbard, J.P., Oberbeckmann, S., Obispo, R., Officer, R., Ogonowski, M., Orbea, A., Ortlieb, M., Osborn, A.M., Ostiategui-Francia, P., Packard, T., Pahl, S., Palatinus, A., Palmqvist, A., Pannetier, P., Panti, C., Parmentier, E., Pasanen, P., Patarnello, T., Pattiaratchi, C., Pauletto, M., Paulus, M., Pavlekovsky, K., Pedersen, H.B., Pedrotti, M.-L., Peeken, I., Peeters, D., Peeters, E., Pellegrini, D., Perales, J.A., Perez, E., Perz, V., Petit, S., Pflieger, M., Pham, C.K., Piazza, V., Pinto, M., Planells, O., Plaza, M., Pompini, O., Potthoff, A., Prades, L., Primpke, S., Proietti, M., Proskurowski, G., Puig, C., Pujo-Pay, M., Pullerits, K., Queirós, A.M., Quinn, B., Raimonds, E., Ramis-Pujol, J., Rascher-Friesenhausen, R., Reardon, E., Regoli, F., Reichardt, A.M., Reifferscheid, G., Reilly, K., Reisser, J., Riba, I., Ribitsch, D., Rinnert, E., Rios, N., Rist, S.E., Rivadeneira, M.M., Rivière, G., Robbens, J., Robertson, C.J.R., Rocher, V., Rochman, C.M., Rodrigues, M., Rodriguez, Y., Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, G., Rodríguez, J.R.B., Rodríguez, S., Rodríguez, Y., Rogan, E., Rojo-Nieto, E., Romeo, T., Ross, P.S., Roveta, A., Rowland, S.J., Ruckstuhl, N.A., Ruiz-Fernández, A-C., Ruiz-Orejón, L.F., Runge, J., Russell, M., Saavedra, C., Saborowski, R., Sahin, B.E., Sailley, S., Sakaguchi-Söder, K., Salaverria, I., Sánchez-Arcilla, A., Sánchez-Nieva, J., Sanderson, W., Santana-Rodríguez, J.J., Santana-Viera, S., Santos, M.B., Santos, M.R., Sanz, M.R., Sardá, R., Savelli, H., Schoeneich-Argent, R., Scholz-Böttcher, B.M., Sciacca, F., Scofield, R.P., Setälä, O., Selenius, M., Sempere, R., Senturk, Y., Shashoua, Y., Sherman, P., Sick, C., Siegel, D., Sierra, J.P., Silva, F., Silvestri, C., Sintija, G., Sire, O., Slat, B., Smit, A., Sobral, P., Sorvari, J., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., Sotillo, M.G., Soudant, P., Speidel, L., Spurgeon, D.J., Steer, M.K., Steindal, C.C., Stifanese, R., Štindlová, A., Stuurman, L., Suaria, G., Suazo, C.G., Sureda, A., Surette, C., Svendsen, C., Syberg, K., Tairova, Z., Talvitie, J., Tassin, B., Tazerout, M., Tekman, M.B., ter Halle, A., Thiel, M., Thomas, K.V., Thompson, R.C., Tinkara, T., Tirelli, V., Tomassetti, P., Toorman, E., Toppe, J., Tornambè, A., Torres, R., Torres-Padrón, M.E., Underwood, A.J., Urbina, M., Usategui-Martín, A., Usta, R., Valdés, L., Valente, A., Valentina, T., van Arkel, K., Van Colen, C., Van Der Hal, N., van Franeker, J.A., Van Herwerden, L., Van Loosdrecht, M., van Oyen, A., Vandeperre, F., Vanderlinden, J-P., Vani, D., Vasconcelos, L., Vega-Moreno, D., Ventero, A., Vethaak, A.D., Vianello, A., Vicioso, M., Vieira, L.R., Viršek, M.K., Vos, M., Wahl, M., Wallace, N., Walton, A., Waniek, J.J., Watts, A., Webster, L., Wesch, C., Whitfield, E., Wichels, A., Wieczorek, A.M., Wilcox, C., Williams, R.J., Wong-Wah-Chung, P., Wright, S., Wyles, K.J., Young, R., Yurtsever, M., Yurtsever, U., Zada, L., Zamani, N.P., and Zampetti, G.

Published
2017
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35. Floating seaweeds and their communities

Author

Wiencke, C., Bischof, K., Rothäusler, E., Gutow, L., Thiel, M., Wiencke, C., Bischof, K., Rothäusler, E., Gutow, L., and Thiel, M.

Published
2012

36. Combined effects of CO2, temperature, irradiance and time on the physiological performance of Chondrus chrispus (Rhodophyta)

Author

Sarker, Y., Bartsch, I., Olischläger, M., Gutow, L., Wiencke, C., Sarker, Y., Bartsch, I., Olischläger, M., Gutow, L., and Wiencke, C.

Abstract

In natural environments, marine biotas are exposed to a variety of simultaneously acting abiotic factors. Among these, temperature, irradiance and CO2 availability are major factors influencing the physiological performance of marine macroalgae. To test whether elevated levels of CO2 may remediate the otherwise reduced performance of uncalcified seaweeds under the influence of other stressful abiotic factors, we performed multi-factorial experiments with the red alga Chondrus crispus from Helgoland (North Sea) with two levels of CO2, temperature and irradiance: low and high pCO2 levels were tested in combination with either (1) optimal and low irradiances or (2) optimal and sub-lethal high temperatures for growth. Performance of C. crispus was evaluated as biomass increase and relative growth rates (RGR), gross photosynthesis and pigment content. Acclimations of growth and photosynthesis were measured after 4 and 8 days. Acclimation time was crucial for elucidating single or combined CO2 effects on growth and photosynthesis. Significant CO2 effects became evident only in combination with either elevated temperature or reduced irradiance. Growth and photosynthesis had divergent patterns: RGR and biomass significantly increased only under a combination of high pCO2 and elevated temperature; gross photosynthesis was significantly reduced under high pCO2 conditions at low irradiance. Pigment content varied in response to irradiance and temperature, but was independent of pCO2.

Published
2012
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42. Rapid changes in the epifaunal community after detachment of buoyant benthic macroalgae.

Author

Gutow, L., Giménez, L., Boos, K., and Saborowski, R.

Abstract

Rafting on floating macroalgae is a common dispersal mechanism of marine benthic invertebrates. Most benthic macroalgae are inhabited by diverse epifaunal communities but not all organisms may be adapted to live on floating algae. In particular, knowledge about the immediate effects of algal detachment on the associated biota is limited. Herein, we studied the composition of the communities of mobile invertebrates on benthic thalli of Ascophyllum nodosum and compared it with detached thalli that had floated for short periods. The community of the mobile invertebrates changed significantly within the first minute after detachment of the algae and showed decreased diversity and a tendency towards reduced abundances in most taxa. However, during the subsequent two hours of floating at the sea surface the species composition did not change further. A comparison of the size-spectra of the gastropod Littorina obtusata from attached and detached algae did not reveal differential migratory activity among size-classes of these gastropods. Most of the species encountered in this study are common rafters in coastal and offshore waters, which are well capable of holding onto floating seaweeds. Therefore, our results indicate that the animals actively abandoned the macroalgae immediately after detachment. A benefit of this behaviour may be to avoid increased predation risk in the open water. The fact that individuals remain associated with their algal host after detachment indicates the importance of rafting dispersal for a great variety of phytal species that might lead to range expansion and regional population persistence through metapopulation effects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2009
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43. The recent arrival of the oceanic isopod Idotea metallica Bosc off Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea): an indication of a warming trend in the North Sea?

Author

Franke, H., Gutow, L., and Janke, M.

Abstract

In 1988 a long-term study was started of the isopod fauna associated with surface drift material off Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). In the summer of 1994 specimens of Idotea metallica Bosc were recorded for the first time. There is no evidence that this species has ever been present in the German Bight before. The samples contained males, both gravid and non-gravid females, and juveniles, indicating that the species reproduced successfully in the Helgoland region. Interbreeding of specimens from Helgoland and the western Mediterranean produced fertile off-spring. As a neustonic species, I. metallica shows a high natural capacity for dispersal. It thus seems unlikely that the arrival of the species in the North Sea resulted from an accidental introduction by man. We are probably witnessing an extension of the species’ geographical range by natural means of dispersal, as a response to recent changes in the ecological conditions of the German Bight. Temperature data measured by the Biologische Anstalt Helgoland since 1962 show that the last decade (except 1996) was characterized by unusually mild winters. Following the severe winter of 1996, I. metallica was again absent from the Helgoland region. After the subsequent mild winters (1997 and 1998), however, the species reappeared in the summer of 1998 with higher numbers than ever before. This suggests that the observed phenomena are closely connected with the recent temperature anomalies. I. metallica can be regarded as a potential immigrant to a warmer North Sea, and may be useful as a sensitive indicator of the predicted long-term warming trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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45. The recent arrival of the oceanic isopodIdotea metallicaBosc off Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea): an indication of a warming trend in the North Sea?

Author

Franke, H. -D., Gutow, L., and Janke, M.

Abstract

In 1988 a long-term study was started of the isopod fauna associated with surface drift material off Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). In the summer of 1994 specimens ofIdotea metallicaBosc were recorded for the first time. There is no evidence that this species has ever been present in the German Bight before. The samples contained males, both gravid and non-gravid females, and juveniles, indicating that the species reproduced successfully in the Helgoland region. Interbreeding of specimens from Helgoland and the western Mediterranean produced fertile off-spring. As a neustonic species,I. metallicashows a high natural capacity for dispersal. It thus seems unlikely that the arrival of the species in the North Sea resulted from an accidental introduction by man. We are probably witnessing an extension of the species’ geographical range by natural means of dispersal, as a response to recent changes in the ecological conditions of the German Bight. Temperature data measured by the Biologische Anstalt Helgoland since 1962 show that the last decade (except 1996) was characterized by unusually mild winters. Following the severe winter of 1996,I. metallicawas again absent from the Helgoland region. After the subsequent mild winters (1997 and 1998), however, the species reappeared in the summer of 1998 with higher numbers than ever before. This suggests that the observed phenomena are closely connected with the recent temperature anomalies.I. metallicacan be regarded as a potential immigrant to a warmer North Sea, and may be useful as a sensitive indicator of the predicted long-term warming trend.

Published
1998
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46. Marine Anthropogenic Litter

Author

Bergmann, Melanie, Gutow, Lars, and Klages, Michael

Subjects
Freshwater & Marine Ecology, bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics, bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries, bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
Abstract

Freshwater & Marine Ecology

Published
2015
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47. Non-indigenous species and their realized niche in tidepools along the South-East Pacific coast.

Author

Jofré-Madariaga D, Aguilera Moya MA, Alves-de-Souza C, Arias RM, Gutow L, Jeldres Polanco RA, Macaya EC, Kappes MM, Ortiz Arancibia LN, Pino O, Rech S, Rothäusler E, Harrod C, and Thiel M

Subjects
Animals, Chile, Pacific Ocean, Temperature, Seaweed physiology, Invertebrates physiology, Ecosystem, Introduced Species
Abstract

Non-indigenous species (NIS) have the potential to colonize and become established in a wide range of coastal habitats. Species with broad environmental tolerances can quickly adapt to local conditions and expand their niches along environmental gradients, and even colonize habitats with extreme abiotic conditions. Here we report and document the distribution of eight marine NIS (four seaweed and four invertebrate species) found in tidepools along a 3000 km latitudinal gradient along the Pacific coast of Chile (18.4°S to 41.9°S). The seaweed NIS Codium fragile, Capreolia implexa, Schottera nicaeensis and Mastocarpus latissimus were mostly distributed towards high latitudes (i.e., more southerly locations), where temperatures in tidepools were low. The invertebrate NIS Anemonia alicemartinae, Ciona robusta, Bugula neritina and Bugulina flabellata were more common towards low latitudes, where high temperatures were registered in the tidepools. Across the intertidal gradient, seaweed NIS were mostly found in pools in the mid and low intertidal zone, while invertebrate NIS occurred mostly in pools from the mid and upper intertidal zones. The realized niche spaces of NIS (based on the Outlying Mean Index, OMI) in the study area were mainly influenced by environmental conditions of temperature and salinity (along the latitudinal and intertidal gradients), while other tidepool characteristics (depth, surface area, exposition, and complexity) only had minor effects. Five of the eight NIS exhibited a realized niche space coinciding with the average tidepool environmental conditions, while marginal niches were occupied by species with affinities for specific temperatures and salinities along the latitudinal and intertidal gradients. Our results indicate that physiological tolerances to environmental factors play a fundamental role in the distribution of seaweed and invertebrate NIS in tidepools along the Chilean coast. This study confirms that tidepools offer suitable conditions for some seaweed and invertebrate NIS, potentially facilitating their invasion into new natural habitats., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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48. Biodegradable microplastics: Uptake by and effects on the rockpool shrimp Palaemon elegans (Crustacea: Decapoda).

Author

Miksch L, Chen CY, Granberg ME, Krång AS, Gutow L, and Saborowski R

Subjects
Animals, Microplastics toxicity, Plastics toxicity, Polyethylene, Polyesters toxicity, Aquatic Organisms, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases, Palaemonidae, Biodegradable Plastics
Abstract

Ingestion of microplastics can lead to deleterious consequences for organisms, as documented by numerous laboratory studies. The current knowledge is based on a multitude of effect studies, conducted with conventional fossil-based and non-degradable plastics. However, there is a lack of information about the acceptance and the effects of novel bio-based and biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics are considered an alternative to conventional plastics and are showing rapidly growing production rates. Biodegradable plastics can disperse into the environment in the same way as conventional plastics do, becoming available to marine organisms. This study aims to provide new insights into the uptake and effects of biodegradable microplastics on marine invertebrates. Rockpool shrimp, Palaemon elegans, were fed with algal flakes coated with polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) and conventional low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microparticles. Live observations showed that all of the different types of microplastics were ingested. After dissection of the shrimp, less LDPE particles were found in the stomachs than PLA and PHBV particles. This indicates a longer retention time of biodegradable microplastics compared to conventional microplastics. Presumably, less LDPE particles were ingested or evacuated from the stomach, probably by regurgitation. The ingestion of microparticles of all types of plastics induced enzymatic activity of short-chain carboxylesterases in the midgut glands of the shrimp. However, only PLA induced enzymatic activity of medium-chain carboxylesterases. Palaemon elegans showed no oxidative stress response after ingestion of microparticles, irrespective of polymer type. From our results we conclude that biodegradable plastics might have different effects than conventional plastics. The longer retention times of biodegradable plastics might enhance exposure to leaching additives and other harmful substances. Our study provides new insights into how biodegradable plastics might affect aquatic fauna and indicate that the use of biodegradable plastics needs to be reconsidered to some extent., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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49. Degradation of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) compound in different environments.

Author

Lyshtva P, Voronova V, Barbir J, Leal Filho W, Kröger SD, Witt G, Miksch L, Sabowski R, Gutow L, Frank C, Emmerstorfer-Augustin A, Agustin-Salazar S, Cerruti P, Santagata G, Stagnaro P, D'Arrigo C, Vignolo M, Krång AS, Strömberg E, Lehtinen L, and Annunen V

Abstract

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a promising biodegradable bio-based material, which is designed for a vast range of applications, depending on its composite. This study aims to assess the degradability of a PHBV-based compound under different conditions. The research group followed different methodological approaches and assessed visual and mass changes, mechanical and morphological properties, spectroscopic and structural characterisation, along with thermal behaviour. The Ph-Stat (enzymatic degradation) test and total dry solids (TDS)/total volatile solids (TVS) measurements were carried out. Finally, the team experimentally evaluated the amount of methane and carbon dioxide produced, i.e., the degree of biodegradation under aerobic conditions. According to the results, different types of tests have shown differing effects of environmental conditions on material degradation. In conclusion, this paper provides a summary of the investigations regarding the degradation behaviour of the PHBV-based compound under varying environmental factors. The main strengths of the study lie in its multi-faceted approach, combining assessments of PHBV-based compound degradability under different conditions using various analytical tools, such as visual and mass changes, mechanical and morphological properties, spectroscopic and structural characterization, and thermal behavior. These methods collectively contribute to the robustness and reliability of the undertaken work., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Published
2024
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50. Benthic microbial biogeographic trends in the North Sea are shaped by an interplay of environmental drivers and bottom trawling effort.

Author

Bonthond G, Beermann J, Gutow L, Neumann A, Barboza FR, Desiderato A, Fofonova V, Helber SB, Khodami S, Kraan C, Neumann H, Rohde S, and Schupp PJ

Abstract

Microbial composition and diversity in marine sediments are shaped by environmental, biological, and anthropogenic processes operating at different scales. However, our understanding of benthic microbial biogeography remains limited. Here, we used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to characterize benthic microbiota in the North Sea from the top centimeter of 339 sediment samples. We utilized spatially explicit statistical models, to disentangle the effects of the different predictors, including bottom trawling intensity, a prevalent industrial fishing practice which heavily impacts benthic ecosystems. Fitted models demonstrate how the geographic interplay of different environmental and anthropogenic drivers shapes the diversity, structure and potential metabolism of benthic microbial communities. Sediment properties were the primary determinants, with diversity increasing with sediment permeability but also with mud content, highlighting different underlying processes. Additionally, diversity and structure varied with total organic matter content, temperature, bottom shear stress and bottom trawling. Changes in diversity associated with bottom trawling intensity were accompanied by shifts in predicted energy metabolism. Specifically, with increasing trawling intensity, we observed a transition toward more aerobic heterotrophic and less denitrifying predicted metabolism. Our findings provide first insights into benthic microbial biogeographic patterns on a large spatial scale and illustrate how anthropogenic activity such as bottom trawling may influence the distribution and abundances of microbes and potential metabolism at macroecological scales., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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