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1. Effects of copy number variations on brain structure and risk for psychiatric illness: Large-scale studies from the ENIGMA working groups on CNVs

Author

Sønderby, I.E., Ching, CRK, Thomopoulos, S.I., van der Meer, D., Sun, D., Villalon-Reina, J.E., Agartz, I., Amunts, K., Arango, C., Armstrong, N.J., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Bakker, G., Bassett, A.S., Boomsma, D.I., Bülow, R., Butcher, N.J., Calhoun, V.D., Caspers, S., Chow, EWC, Cichon, S., Ciufolini, S., Craig, M.C., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cunningham, A.C., Dale, A.M., Dazzan, P., de Zubicaray, G.I., Djurovic, S., Doherty, J.L., Donohoe, G., Draganski, B., Durdle, C.A., Ehrlich, S., Emanuel, B.S., Espeseth, T., Fisher, S.E., Ge, T., Glahn, D.C., Grabe, H.J., Gur, R.E., Gutman, B.A., Haavik, J., Håberg, A.K., Hansen, L.A., Hashimoto, R., Hibar, D.P., Holmes, A.J., Hottenga, J.J., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Jalbrzikowski, M., Knowles, EEM, Kushan, L., Linden, DEJ, Liu, J., Lundervold, A.J., Martin-Brevet, S., Martínez, K., Mather, K.A., Mathias, S.R., McDonald-McGinn, D.M., McRae, A.F., Medland, S.E., Moberget, T., Modenato, C., Monereo Sánchez, J., Moreau, C.A., Mühleisen, T.W., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Prieto, C., Ragothaman, A., Reinbold, C.S., Reis Marques, T., Repetto, G.M., Reymond, A., Roalf, D.R., Rodriguez-Herreros, B., Rucker, J.J., Sachdev, P.S., Schmitt, J.E., Schofield, P.R., Silva, A.I., Stefansson, H., Stein, D.J., Tamnes, C.K., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D., Ulfarsson, M.O., Vajdi, A., van 't Ent, D., van den Bree, MBM, Vassos, E., Vázquez-Bourgon, J., Vila-Rodriguez, F., Walters, G.B., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Wittfeld, K., Zackai, E.H., Stefánsson, K., Jacquemont, S., Thompson, P.M., Bearden, C.E., Andreassen, O.A., ENIGMA-CNV Working Group, ENIGMA 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Working Group, Bernard, M., Blackburn, N.B., Bøen, R., de Geus, E., de Zwarte, SMC, Forti, M.D., Frei, O., Fukunaga, M., Hehir-Kwa, J.Y., Hillegers, MHJ, Hoffmann, P., Homuth, G., Jahanshad, N., Koops, S., Kumar, K., Kikuchi, M., Le Hellard, S., Leu, C., Murray, R.M., Naerland, T., Nyberg, L., Ophoff, R.A., Pike, G.B., Sando, S.B., Shin, J., Shumskaya, E., Sisodiya, S.M., Steen, V.M., Teumer, A., Uhlmann, A., Wright, M.J., Antshel, K.M., Campbell, L.E., Crossley, N.A., Crowley, T.B., Daly, E., Fiksinski, A.M., Forsyth, J.K., Fremont, W., Goodrich-Hunsaker, N.J., Gudbrandsen, M., Jonas, R.K., Kates, W.R., Lin, A., McCabe, K.L., Moss, H., Murphy, D.G., Murphy, K.C., Owen, M.J., Ruparel, K., Simon, T.J., van Amelsvoort, T., and Vorstman, JAS

Subjects
brain structural imaging, copy number variant, diffusion tensor imaging, evolution, genetics-first approach, neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders
Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis copy number variant (ENIGMA-CNV) and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Working Groups (22q-ENIGMA WGs) were created to gain insight into the involvement of genetic factors in human brain development and related cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral manifestations. To that end, the ENIGMA-CNV WG has collated CNV and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from ~49,000 individuals across 38 global research sites, yielding one of the largest studies to date on the effects of CNVs on brain structures in the general population. The 22q-ENIGMA WG includes 12 international research centers that assessed over 533 individuals with a confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 40 with 22q11.2 duplications, and 333 typically developing controls, creating the largest-ever 22q11.2 CNV neuroimaging data set. In this review, we outline the ENIGMA infrastructure and procedures for multi-site analysis of CNVs and MRI data. So far, ENIGMA has identified effects of the 22q11.2, 16p11.2 distal, 15q11.2, and 1q21.1 distal CNVs on subcortical and cortical brain structures. Each CNV is associated with differences in cognitive, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric traits, with characteristic patterns of brain structural abnormalities. Evidence of gene-dosage effects on distinct brain regions also emerged, providing further insight into genotype-phenotype relationships. Taken together, these results offer a more comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms involved in typical and atypical brain development. This "genotype-first" approach also contributes to our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of brain disorders. Finally, we outline future directions to better understand effects of CNVs on brain structure and behavior.

Published
2022

2. Effects of copy number variations on brain structure and risk for psychiatric illness: Large‐scale studies from the ENIGMA working groups on CNVs

Author

Sønderby, I.E., Ching, C.R.K., Thomopoulos, S.I., Meer, D., Sun, D., Villalon‐Reina, J.E., Agartz, I., Amunts, K., Arango, C., Armstrong, N.J., Ayesa‐Arriola, R., Bakker, G., Bassett, A.S., Boomsma, D.I., Bülow, R., Butcher, N.J., Calhoun, V.D., Caspers, S., Chow, E.W.C., Cichon, S., Ciufolini, S., Craig, M.C., Crespo‐Facorro, B., Cunningham, A.C., Dale, A.M., Dazzan, P., Zubicaray, G.I., Djurovic, S., Doherty, J.L., Donohoe, G., Draganski, B., Durdle, C.A., Ehrlich, S., Emanuel, B.S., Espeseth, T., Fisher, S.E., Ge, T., Glahn, D.C., Grabe, H.J., Gur, R.E., Gutman, B.A., Haavik, J., Håberg, A.K., Hansen, L.A., Hashimoto, R., Hibar, D.P., Holmes, A.J., Hottenga, J‐J, Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Jalbrzikowski, M., Knowles, E.E.M., Kushan, L., Linden, D.E.J., Liu, J., Lundervold, A.J., Martin‐Brevet, S., Martinez, K., Mather, K.A., Mathias, S.R., McDonald‐McGinn, D.M., McRae, A.F., Medland, S.E., Moberget, T., Modenato, C., Monereo Sánchez, J., Moreau, C.A., Mühleisen, T.W., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Prieto, C., Ragothaman, A., Reinbold, C.S., Reis Marques, T., Repetto, G.M., Reymond, A., Roalf, D.R., Rodriguez‐Herreros, B., Rucker, J.J., Sachdev, P.S., Schmitt, J.E., Schofield, P.R., Silva, A.I., Stefánsson, H., Stein, D.J., Tamnes, C.K., Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez, D., Ulfarsson, M.O., Vajdi, A., Ent, D., Bree, M.B.M., Vassos, E., Vázquez‐Bourgon, J., Vila‐Rodriguez, F., Walters, G.B., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Wittfeld, K., Zackai, E.H., Stefánsson, K., Jacquemont, S., Thompson, P.M., Bearden, C.E., Andreassen, O.A., Sønderby, I.E., Ching, C.R.K., Thomopoulos, S.I., Meer, D., Sun, D., Villalon‐Reina, J.E., Agartz, I., Amunts, K., Arango, C., Armstrong, N.J., Ayesa‐Arriola, R., Bakker, G., Bassett, A.S., Boomsma, D.I., Bülow, R., Butcher, N.J., Calhoun, V.D., Caspers, S., Chow, E.W.C., Cichon, S., Ciufolini, S., Craig, M.C., Crespo‐Facorro, B., Cunningham, A.C., Dale, A.M., Dazzan, P., Zubicaray, G.I., Djurovic, S., Doherty, J.L., Donohoe, G., Draganski, B., Durdle, C.A., Ehrlich, S., Emanuel, B.S., Espeseth, T., Fisher, S.E., Ge, T., Glahn, D.C., Grabe, H.J., Gur, R.E., Gutman, B.A., Haavik, J., Håberg, A.K., Hansen, L.A., Hashimoto, R., Hibar, D.P., Holmes, A.J., Hottenga, J‐J, Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Jalbrzikowski, M., Knowles, E.E.M., Kushan, L., Linden, D.E.J., Liu, J., Lundervold, A.J., Martin‐Brevet, S., Martinez, K., Mather, K.A., Mathias, S.R., McDonald‐McGinn, D.M., McRae, A.F., Medland, S.E., Moberget, T., Modenato, C., Monereo Sánchez, J., Moreau, C.A., Mühleisen, T.W., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Prieto, C., Ragothaman, A., Reinbold, C.S., Reis Marques, T., Repetto, G.M., Reymond, A., Roalf, D.R., Rodriguez‐Herreros, B., Rucker, J.J., Sachdev, P.S., Schmitt, J.E., Schofield, P.R., Silva, A.I., Stefánsson, H., Stein, D.J., Tamnes, C.K., Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez, D., Ulfarsson, M.O., Vajdi, A., Ent, D., Bree, M.B.M., Vassos, E., Vázquez‐Bourgon, J., Vila‐Rodriguez, F., Walters, G.B., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Wittfeld, K., Zackai, E.H., Stefánsson, K., Jacquemont, S., Thompson, P.M., Bearden, C.E., and Andreassen, O.A.

Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis copy number variant (ENIGMA‐CNV) and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Working Groups (22q‐ENIGMA WGs) were created to gain insight into the involvement of genetic factors in human brain development and related cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral manifestations. To that end, the ENIGMA‐CNV WG has collated CNV and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from ~49,000 individuals across 38 global research sites, yielding one of the largest studies to date on the effects of CNVs on brain structures in the general population. The 22q‐ENIGMA WG includes 12 international research centers that assessed over 533 individuals with a confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 40 with 22q11.2 duplications, and 333 typically developing controls, creating the largest‐ever 22q11.2 CNV neuroimaging data set. In this review, we outline the ENIGMA infrastructure and procedures for multi‐site analysis of CNVs and MRI data. So far, ENIGMA has identified effects of the 22q11.2, 16p11.2 distal, 15q11.2, and 1q21.1 distal CNVs on subcortical and cortical brain structures. Each CNV is associated with differences in cognitive, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric traits, with characteristic patterns of brain structural abnormalities. Evidence of gene‐dosage effects on distinct brain regions also emerged, providing further insight into genotype–phenotype relationships. Taken together, these results offer a more comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms involved in typical and atypical brain development. This “genotype‐first” approach also contributes to our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of brain disorders. Finally, we outline future directions to better understand effects of CNVs on brain structure and behavior.

Published
2021

3. International Multicenter Analysis of Brain Structure Across Clinical Stages of Parkinson's Disease

Author

Laansma, M.A., Bright, J.K., Al-Bachari, S., Anderson, T.J., Ard, T., Assogna, F., Baquero, K.A., Berendse, H.W., Blair, J., Cendes, F., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Bie, R.M. de, Debove, I., Dirkx, M.F.M., Druzgal, J., Emsley, H.C.A., Garraux, G., Guimarães, R.P., Gutman, B.A., Helmich, R.C.G., Klein, J.C., Mackay, C.E., McMillan, C.T., Melzer, T.R., Parkes, L.M., Piras, F., Pitcher, T.L., Poston, K.L., Rango, M., Ribeiro, L.F., Rocha, C.S., Rummel, C., Santos, L.S.R., Schmidt, R., Schwingenschuh, P., Spalletta, G., Squarcina, L., Heuvel, O.A. van den, Vriend, C., Wang, J.J., Weintraub, D., Wiest, R., Yasuda, C.L., Jahanshad, N., Thompson, P.M., Werf, Y.D. van der, Laansma, M.A., Bright, J.K., Al-Bachari, S., Anderson, T.J., Ard, T., Assogna, F., Baquero, K.A., Berendse, H.W., Blair, J., Cendes, F., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Bie, R.M. de, Debove, I., Dirkx, M.F.M., Druzgal, J., Emsley, H.C.A., Garraux, G., Guimarães, R.P., Gutman, B.A., Helmich, R.C.G., Klein, J.C., Mackay, C.E., McMillan, C.T., Melzer, T.R., Parkes, L.M., Piras, F., Pitcher, T.L., Poston, K.L., Rango, M., Ribeiro, L.F., Rocha, C.S., Rummel, C., Santos, L.S.R., Schmidt, R., Schwingenschuh, P., Spalletta, G., Squarcina, L., Heuvel, O.A. van den, Vriend, C., Wang, J.J., Weintraub, D., Wiest, R., Yasuda, C.L., Jahanshad, N., Thompson, P.M., and Werf, Y.D. van der

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 244253.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Brain structure abnormalities throughout the course of Parkinson's disease have yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: Using a multicenter approach and harmonized analysis methods, we aimed to shed light on Parkinson's disease stage-specific profiles of pathology, as suggested by in vivo neuroimaging. METHODS: Individual brain MRI and clinical data from 2357 Parkinson's disease patients and 1182 healthy controls were collected from 19 sources. We analyzed regional cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume using mixed-effects models. Patients grouped according to Hoehn and Yahr stage were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Within the patient sample, we investigated associations with Montreal Cognitive Assessment score. RESULTS: Overall, patients showed a thinner cortex in 38 of 68 regions compared with controls (d(max) = -0.20, d(min) = -0.09). The bilateral putamen (d(left) = -0.14, d(right) = -0.14) and left amygdala (d = -0.13) were smaller in patients, whereas the left thalamus was larger (d = 0.13). Analysis of staging demonstrated an initial presentation of thinner occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices, extending toward rostrally located cortical regions with increased disease severity. From stage 2 and onward, the bilateral putamen and amygdala were consistently smaller with larger differences denoting each increment. Poorer cognition was associated with widespread cortical thinning and lower volumes of core limbic structures. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings offer robust and novel imaging signatures that are generally incremental across but in certain regions specific to disease stages. Our findings highlight the importance of adequately powered multicenter collaborations. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Published
2021

4. Subcortical surface morphometry in substance dependence: An ENIGMA addiction working group study

Author

Chye, Y.Y., Mackey, S., Gutman, B.A., Ching, C.R.K., Batalla, A., Blaine, S., Luijten, M., Conrod, P., Garavan, H., Chye, Y.Y., Mackey, S., Gutman, B.A., Ching, C.R.K., Batalla, A., Blaine, S., Luijten, M., Conrod, P., and Garavan, H.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 219494.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), While imaging studies have demonstrated volumetric differences in subcortical structures associated with dependence on various abused substances, findings to date have not been wholly consistent. Moreover, most studies have not compared brain morphology across those dependent on different substances of abuse to identify substance-specific and substance-general dependence effects. By pooling large multinational datasets from 33 imaging sites, this study examined subcortical surface morphology in 1628 nondependent controls and 2277 individuals with dependence on alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and/or cannabis. Subcortical structures were defined by FreeSurfer segmentation and converted to a mesh surface to extract two vertex-level metrics - the radial distance (RD) of the structure surface from a medial curve and the log of the Jacobian determinant (JD) - that, respectively, describe local thickness and surface area dilation/contraction. Mega-analyses were performed on measures of RD and JD to test for the main effect of substance dependence, controlling for age, sex, intracranial volume, and imaging site. Widespread differences between dependent users and nondependent controls were found across subcortical structures, driven primarily by users dependent on alcohol. Alcohol dependence was associated with localized lower RD and JD across most structures, with the strongest effects in the hippocampus, thalamus, putamen, and amygdala. Meanwhile, nicotine use was associated with greater RD and JD relative to nonsmokers in multiple regions, with the strongest effects in the bilateral hippocampus and right nucleus accumbens. By demonstrating subcortical morphological differences unique to alcohol and nicotine use, rather than dependence across all substances, results suggest substance-specific relationships with subcortical brain structures.

Published
2020

5. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

Author

Grasby, K.L., Jahanshad, N., Painter, J.N., Colodro-Conde, L., Bralten, J., Hibar, D.P., Lind, P.A., Pizzagalli, F., Ching, C.R., McMahon, M.A., Shatokhina, N., Zsembik, L.C.P., Thomopoulos, S.I., Zhu, A.H., Strike, L.T., Agartz, I., Alhusaini, S., Almeida, M.A. de, Alnaes, D., Amlien, I.K., Andersson, M., Ard, T., Armstrong, N.J., Ashley-Koch, A., Atkins, J.R., Bernard, M., Brouwer, R.M., Buimer, E.E.L., Bulow, R., Burger, C., Cannon, D.M., Chakravarty, M., Chen, Q., Cheung, J.W., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Dale, A.M., Dalvie, S., Araujo, T.K. de, Zubicaray, G.I. de, Zwarte, S.M.C. de, Braber, A., Doan, N.T., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Engelbrecht, H.R., Erk, S., Fan, C.C., Fedko, I.O., Foley, S.F., Ford, J.M., Fukunaga, M., Garrett, M.E., Ge, T., Giddaluru, S., Goldman, A.L., Green, M.J., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gurholt, T.P., Gutman, B.A., Hansell, N.K., Harris, Mark F., Harrison, M.B., Haswell, C.C., Hauser, M., Herms, S., Heslenfeld, D.J., Ho, N.F., Hoehn, D., Hoffmann, P., Holleran, L., Hoogman, M., Hottenga, J.J., Ikeda, M., Janowitz, D., Jansen, I.E., Jia, T., Jockwitz, C., Kanai, R., Karama, S., Kasperaviciute, D., Kaufmann, T., Kelly, S., Kikuchi, M., Klein, M., Knapp, M., Knodt, A.R., Kramer, B., Lam, M., Lancaster, T.M., Lee, P.H., Lett, T.A., Lewis, L.B., Lopes-Cendes, I., Luciano, M., Macciardi, F., Marquand, A.F., Mathias, S.R., Melzer, T.R., Milaneschi, Y., Franke, B., Thompson, P.M., Medland, S.E., Grasby, K.L., Jahanshad, N., Painter, J.N., Colodro-Conde, L., Bralten, J., Hibar, D.P., Lind, P.A., Pizzagalli, F., Ching, C.R., McMahon, M.A., Shatokhina, N., Zsembik, L.C.P., Thomopoulos, S.I., Zhu, A.H., Strike, L.T., Agartz, I., Alhusaini, S., Almeida, M.A. de, Alnaes, D., Amlien, I.K., Andersson, M., Ard, T., Armstrong, N.J., Ashley-Koch, A., Atkins, J.R., Bernard, M., Brouwer, R.M., Buimer, E.E.L., Bulow, R., Burger, C., Cannon, D.M., Chakravarty, M., Chen, Q., Cheung, J.W., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Dale, A.M., Dalvie, S., Araujo, T.K. de, Zubicaray, G.I. de, Zwarte, S.M.C. de, Braber, A., Doan, N.T., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Engelbrecht, H.R., Erk, S., Fan, C.C., Fedko, I.O., Foley, S.F., Ford, J.M., Fukunaga, M., Garrett, M.E., Ge, T., Giddaluru, S., Goldman, A.L., Green, M.J., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gurholt, T.P., Gutman, B.A., Hansell, N.K., Harris, Mark F., Harrison, M.B., Haswell, C.C., Hauser, M., Herms, S., Heslenfeld, D.J., Ho, N.F., Hoehn, D., Hoffmann, P., Holleran, L., Hoogman, M., Hottenga, J.J., Ikeda, M., Janowitz, D., Jansen, I.E., Jia, T., Jockwitz, C., Kanai, R., Karama, S., Kasperaviciute, D., Kaufmann, T., Kelly, S., Kikuchi, M., Klein, M., Knapp, M., Knodt, A.R., Kramer, B., Lam, M., Lancaster, T.M., Lee, P.H., Lett, T.A., Lewis, L.B., Lopes-Cendes, I., Luciano, M., Macciardi, F., Marquand, A.F., Mathias, S.R., Melzer, T.R., Milaneschi, Y., Franke, B., Thompson, P.M., and Medland, S.E.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 218611.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Published
2020

6. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Author

Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), Zelman, V. (Vladimir), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), and Zelman, V. (Vladimir)

Abstract

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.

Published
2020
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7. Striatal morphology and neurocognitive dysfunction in Huntington disease: The IMAGE-HD study.

Author

Ching C.R.K., Madsen S.K., Walterfang M., Velakoulis D., Stout J.C., Chua P., Egan G.F., Thompson P.M., Gutman B.A., Looi J.C.L., Georgiou-Karistianis N., Wilkes F.A., Abaryan Z., Ching C.R.K., Madsen S.K., Walterfang M., Velakoulis D., Stout J.C., Chua P., Egan G.F., Thompson P.M., Gutman B.A., Looi J.C.L., Georgiou-Karistianis N., Wilkes F.A., and Abaryan Z.

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the relationship between striatal morphology in Huntington disease (HD) and measures of motor and cognitive dysfunction. MRI scans, from the IMAGE-HD study, were obtained from 36 individuals with pre-symptomatic HD (pre-HD), 37 with early symptomatic HD (symp-HD), and 36 healthy matched controls. The neostriatum was manually segmented and a surface-based parametric mapping protocol derived two pointwise shape measures: thickness and surface dilation ratio. Significant shape differences were detected between all groups. Negative associations were detected between lower thickness and surface area shape measure and CAG repeats, disease burden score, and UHDRS total motor score. In symp-HD, UPSIT scores were correlated with higher thickness in left caudate tail and surface dilation ratio in left posterior putamen; Stroop scores were positively correlated with the thickness of left putamen head and body. Self-paced tapping (slow) was correlated with higher thickness and surface dilation ratio in the right caudate in symp-HD and with bilateral putamen in pre-HD. Self-paced tapping (fast) was correlated with higher surface dilation ratio in the right anterior putamen in symp-HD. Shape changes correlated with functional measures subserved by corticostriatal circuits, suggesting that the neostriatum is a potentially useful structural basis for characterisation of endophenotypes of HD.Copyright © 2019

Published
2019

8. Multi-site meta-analysis of morphometry

Author

Jahanshad, Neda, Faskowitz, J., Roshchupkin, G.V., Hibar, Derrek P., Gutman, B.A., Tustison, N., Zwiers, M.P., Arias Vasquez, A., Franke, B., Wright, M., Thompson, Paul M., Jahanshad, Neda, Faskowitz, J., Roshchupkin, G.V., Hibar, Derrek P., Gutman, B.A., Tustison, N., Zwiers, M.P., Arias Vasquez, A., Franke, B., Wright, M., and Thompson, Paul M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 209478.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2019

9. Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium

Author

Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Walton, E. (Esther), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Jiang, W. (Wenhao), Glahn, D.C. (David), Pearlson, G. (Godfrey), Yao, N. (Nailin), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Okada, N. (Naohiro), Yamamori, H. (Hidenaga), Bustillo, J., Clark, V.P., Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M.C.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Kahn, R. (René), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.M.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Hartberg, C.B. (Cecilie B.), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Lagerberg, T.V. (Trine V.), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Richter, A. (Anja), Zilles, D. (David), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Loughland, C.M. (Carmel), Carr, V.J. (Vaughan J.), Catts, S.V. (Stanley), Cropley, V.L. (Vanessa L.), Fullerton, J.M. (Janice M.), Green, M.J. (Melissa J.), Henskens, F.A. (Frans), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Lenroot, R.K. (Rhoshel), Mowry, B.J. (Bryan J), Michie, P.T. (Patricia), Pantelis, C. (Christos), Quidé, Y. (Yann), Schall, J.D. (Jeffrey), Scott, R.J. (Rodney J.), Cairns, M.J. (Murray J.), Seal, M. (Marc), Tooney, P.A. (Paul A.), Rasser, P.E. (Paul E.), Cooper, G. (Gavin), Shannon Weickert, C. (Cynthia), Weickert, T.W. (Thomas W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Hong, E. (Elliot), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Beard, L.M. (Lauren M.), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Belger, A. (Aysenil), Brown, G.G. (Gregory G.), Ford, J.M. (Judith M.), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mathalon, D.H. (Daniel H.), O'Leary, D.S. (Daniel S.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Preda, A. (Adrian), Voyvodic, J. (James), Lim, K.O. (Kelvin), McEwen, S. (Sarah), Yang, F. (Fude), Tan, Y. (Yunlong), Tan, S. (Shuping), Wang, Z. (Zhiren), Fan, F. (Fengmei), Chen, J. (Jingxu), Xiang, H. (Hong), Tang, S. (Shiyou), Guo, H. (Hua), Wan, P. (Ping), Wei, D. (Dong), Bockholt, H.J., Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Wolthusen, R.P.F. (Rick P.F.), King, M.D. (Margaret D.), Shoemaker, J.M. (Jody M.), Sponheim, S.R. (Scott), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Koenders, L. (Laura), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Amelsvoort, T.A.M.J. (Therese) van, Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Assogna, F. (Francesca), Banaj, N. (Nerisa), de Rossi, P. (Pietro), Iorio, M. (Mariangela), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), McKenna, P.J. (Peter J.), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Rotenberg, D. (David), Voineskos, A.N. (Aristotle N.), Ciufolini, S. (Simone), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Dazzan, P. (Paola), Murray, R. (Robin), Reis Marques, T. (Tiago), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Egloff, L. (Laura), Harrisberger, F. (Fabienne), Riecher-Rössler, A. (Anita), Smieskova, R. (Renata), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Wang, L. (Lei), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Koops, S. (Sanne), Sommer, I.E.C. (Iris E.C.), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Neilson, E. (Emma), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), Stephen, J.M. (Julia M.), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), McDonald, C. (Colm), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Akhadov, T. (Tolibjohn), Kaleda, V. (Vasily), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Flyckt, L. (Lena), Farde, L. (Lars), Engberg, G. (Göran), Erhardt, S. (Sophie), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Schwieler, L. (Lilly), Piehl, F. (Fredrik), Collste, K. (Karin), Victorsson, P. (Pauliina), Malmqvist, A. (Anna), Hedberg, M. (Mikael), Orhan, F. (Funda), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G.P.), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Hoschl, C. (Cyril), Skoch, A. (Antonin), Spaniel, F. (Filip), Tomecek, D. (David), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Whalley, H.C. (Heather C.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Knöchel, C. (Christian), Oertel-Knöchel, V. (Viola), Stäblein, M. (Michael), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Stein, D.J. (Dan), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Lopez-Jaramillo, C. (Carlos), Dima, D. (Danai), McMahon, A. (Agnes), Faskowitz, J.I. (Joshua I.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Turner, J. (Jessica), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Walton, E. (Esther), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Jiang, W. (Wenhao), Glahn, D.C. (David), Pearlson, G. (Godfrey), Yao, N. (Nailin), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Okada, N. (Naohiro), Yamamori, H. (Hidenaga), Bustillo, J., Clark, V.P., Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M.C.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Kahn, R. (René), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.M.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Hartberg, C.B. (Cecilie B.), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Lagerberg, T.V. (Trine V.), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Richter, A. (Anja), Zilles, D. (David), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Loughland, C.M. (Carmel), Carr, V.J. (Vaughan J.), Catts, S.V. (Stanley), Cropley, V.L. (Vanessa L.), Fullerton, J.M. (Janice M.), Green, M.J. (Melissa J.), Henskens, F.A. (Frans), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Lenroot, R.K. (Rhoshel), Mowry, B.J. (Bryan J), Michie, P.T. (Patricia), Pantelis, C. (Christos), Quidé, Y. (Yann), Schall, J.D. (Jeffrey), Scott, R.J. (Rodney J.), Cairns, M.J. (Murray J.), Seal, M. (Marc), Tooney, P.A. (Paul A.), Rasser, P.E. (Paul E.), Cooper, G. (Gavin), Shannon Weickert, C. (Cynthia), Weickert, T.W. (Thomas W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Hong, E. (Elliot), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Beard, L.M. (Lauren M.), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Belger, A. (Aysenil), Brown, G.G. (Gregory G.), Ford, J.M. (Judith M.), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mathalon, D.H. (Daniel H.), O'Leary, D.S. (Daniel S.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Preda, A. (Adrian), Voyvodic, J. (James), Lim, K.O. (Kelvin), McEwen, S. (Sarah), Yang, F. (Fude), Tan, Y. (Yunlong), Tan, S. (Shuping), Wang, Z. (Zhiren), Fan, F. (Fengmei), Chen, J. (Jingxu), Xiang, H. (Hong), Tang, S. (Shiyou), Guo, H. (Hua), Wan, P. (Ping), Wei, D. (Dong), Bockholt, H.J., Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Wolthusen, R.P.F. (Rick P.F.), King, M.D. (Margaret D.), Shoemaker, J.M. (Jody M.), Sponheim, S.R. (Scott), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Koenders, L. (Laura), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Amelsvoort, T.A.M.J. (Therese) van, Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Assogna, F. (Francesca), Banaj, N. (Nerisa), de Rossi, P. (Pietro), Iorio, M. (Mariangela), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), McKenna, P.J. (Peter J.), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Rotenberg, D. (David), Voineskos, A.N. (Aristotle N.), Ciufolini, S. (Simone), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Dazzan, P. (Paola), Murray, R. (Robin), Reis Marques, T. (Tiago), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Egloff, L. (Laura), Harrisberger, F. (Fabienne), Riecher-Rössler, A. (Anita), Smieskova, R. (Renata), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Wang, L. (Lei), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Koops, S. (Sanne), Sommer, I.E.C. (Iris E.C.), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Neilson, E. (Emma), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), Stephen, J.M. (Julia M.), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), McDonald, C. (Colm), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Akhadov, T. (Tolibjohn), Kaleda, V. (Vasily), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Flyckt, L. (Lena), Farde, L. (Lars), Engberg, G. (Göran), Erhardt, S. (Sophie), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Schwieler, L. (Lilly), Piehl, F. (Fredrik), Collste, K. (Karin), Victorsson, P. (Pauliina), Malmqvist, A. (Anna), Hedberg, M. (Mikael), Orhan, F. (Funda), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G.P.), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Hoschl, C. (Cyril), Skoch, A. (Antonin), Spaniel, F. (Filip), Tomecek, D. (David), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Whalley, H.C. (Heather C.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Knöchel, C. (Christian), Oertel-Knöchel, V. (Viola), Stäblein, M. (Michael), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Stein, D.J. (Dan), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Lopez-Jaramillo, C. (Carlos), Dima, D. (Danai), McMahon, A. (Agnes), Faskowitz, J.I. (Joshua I.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Turner, J. (Jessica)

Abstract

Background: The profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This

Published
2018
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10. ENIGMA and the individual: Predicting factors that affect the brain in 35 countries worldwide

Author

Thompson, P.M., Andreassen, O.A., Arias Vasquez, A., Bearden, C.E., Boedhoe, P.S., Brouwer, R.M., Buckner, R.L., Buitelaar, J.K., Bulaeva, K.B., Cannon, D.M., Cohen, R.A., Conrod, P.J., Dale, A.M., Deary, I.J., Dennis, E.L., de Reus, M.A., Desrivieres, S., Dima, D., Donohoe, G., Fisher, S.E., Fouche, J.-P., Francks, C., Frangou, S., Franke, B., Ganjgahi, H., Garavan, H., Glahn, D.C., Grabe, H.J., Guadalupe, T.M., Gutman, B.A., Hashimoto, R., Hibar, D.P., Holland, D., Hoogman, M., Pol, H.E.H., Hosten, N., Jahanshad, N., Kelly, S., Kochunov, P., Kremen, W.S., Lee, P.H., Mackey, S., Martin, N.G., Mazoyer, B., McDonald, C., Medland, S.E., Morey, R.A., Nichols, T.E., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Schmaal, L., Schumann, G., Shen, L., Sisodiya, S.M., Smit, D.J.A., Smoller, J.W., Stein, D.J., Stein, J.L., Toro, R., Turner, J.A., van den Heuvel, M., van den Heuvel, O.A., van Erp, T.G.M., Rooij, D. van, Veltman, D.J., Walter, H., Wang, Y, Wardlaw, J.M., Whelan, C.D., Wright, M.J., Ye, J., Thompson, P.M., Andreassen, O.A., Arias Vasquez, A., Bearden, C.E., Boedhoe, P.S., Brouwer, R.M., Buckner, R.L., Buitelaar, J.K., Bulaeva, K.B., Cannon, D.M., Cohen, R.A., Conrod, P.J., Dale, A.M., Deary, I.J., Dennis, E.L., de Reus, M.A., Desrivieres, S., Dima, D., Donohoe, G., Fisher, S.E., Fouche, J.-P., Francks, C., Frangou, S., Franke, B., Ganjgahi, H., Garavan, H., Glahn, D.C., Grabe, H.J., Guadalupe, T.M., Gutman, B.A., Hashimoto, R., Hibar, D.P., Holland, D., Hoogman, M., Pol, H.E.H., Hosten, N., Jahanshad, N., Kelly, S., Kochunov, P., Kremen, W.S., Lee, P.H., Mackey, S., Martin, N.G., Mazoyer, B., McDonald, C., Medland, S.E., Morey, R.A., Nichols, T.E., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Schmaal, L., Schumann, G., Shen, L., Sisodiya, S.M., Smit, D.J.A., Smoller, J.W., Stein, D.J., Stein, J.L., Toro, R., Turner, J.A., van den Heuvel, M., van den Heuvel, O.A., van Erp, T.G.M., Rooij, D. van, Veltman, D.J., Walter, H., Wang, Y, Wardlaw, J.M., Whelan, C.D., Wright, M.J., and Ye, J.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 165964pub.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), In this review, we discuss recent work by the ENIGMA Consortium (http://enigma.ini.usc.edu) – a global alliance of over 500 scientists spread across 200 institutions in 35 countries collectively analyzing brain imaging, clinical, and genetic data. Initially formed to detect genetic influences on brain measures, ENIGMA has grown to over 30 working groups studying 12 major brain diseases by pooling and comparing brain data. In some of the largest neuroimaging studies to date – of schizophrenia and major depression – ENIGMA has found replicable disease effects on the brain that are consistent worldwide, as well as factors that modulate disease effects. In partnership with other consortia including ADNI, CHARGE, IMAGEN and others11 Abbreviations: ADNI, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (http://www.adni-info.org); CHARGE, the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium (http://www.chargeconsortium.com); IMAGEN, IMAging GENetics Consortium (http://www.imagen-europe.com). , ENIGMA's genomic screens – now numbering over 30,000 MRI scans – have revealed at least 8 genetic loci that affect brain volumes. Downstream of gene findings, ENIGMA has revealed how these individual variants – and genetic variants in general – may affect both the brain and risk for a range of diseases. The ENIGMA consortium is discovering factors that consistently affect brain structure and function that will serve as future predictors linking individual brain scans and genomic data. It is generating vast pools of normative data on brain measures – from tens of thousands of people – that may help detect deviations from normal development or aging in specific groups of subjects. We discuss challenges and opportunities in applying these predictors to individual subjects and new cohorts, as well as lessons we have learned in ENIGMA's efforts so far.

Published
2017

11. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

Author

Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Stein, J.L., Hofer, E. (Edith), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Ikram, M.K. (M. Kamran), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Amin, N. (Najaf), Andersson, M. (Micael), Arfanakis, K. (Konstantinos), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Axelsson, T. (Tomas), Beecham, A.H. (Ashley), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Bernard, M. (Manon), Blanton, S.H. (Susan H.), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brickman, A.M. (Adam M.), Carmichael, O. (Owen), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hass, J. (Johanna), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hoehn, D. (David), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Karbalai, N. (Nazanin), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Marquand, A.F. (Andre F.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), McKay, D.R. (David R.), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M. Olde), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Pirpamer, L. (Lukas), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Richards, J.S. (Jennifer S.), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Ropele, S. (Stefan), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Saremi, A. (Arvin), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shen, L. (Li), Shin, J. (Jean), Shumskaya, E. (Elena), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Toro, R. (Roberto), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trompet, S. (Stella), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Van Der Meer, D. (Dennis), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Rooij, D. (Daan), Walton, E. (Esther), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Wolfers, T. (Thomas), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zijdenbos, A.P., Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Barral, S. (Sandra), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Becker, D.M. (Diane M.), Becker, J.T. (James), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Blangero, J. (John), Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cichon, S. (Sven), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Dillman, A. (Allissa), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Duggirala, R. (Ravi), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Enzinger, C. (Christian), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fedko, I.O. (Iryna O.), Fernández, G. (Guillén), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fleischman, D. (Debra), Ford, I. (Ian), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gibbs, J.R. (J. Raphael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Håberg, A.K. (Asta K.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (C.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holsboer, F. (Florian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huentelman, M.J. (Matthew), Pol, H.H., Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack, C.R. (Clifford R.), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R. (René), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Knopman, D.S. (David S.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar L.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Martinez, O. (Oliver), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, F.J. (Francis J.), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Pike, G.B. (G. Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph L.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Sigursson, S. (Sigurdur), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H. (H.), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hernández, M.C.V. (Maria C. Valdés), Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Vellas, B. (Bruno), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wardlaw, J. (Joanna), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel R.), Weiner, M.W. (Michael W.), Wen, W. (Wei), Westman, E. (Eric), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Schumann, G. (Gunter), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Franke, B. (Barbara), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Stein, J.L., Hofer, E. (Edith), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Ikram, M.K. (M. Kamran), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Amin, N. (Najaf), Andersson, M. (Micael), Arfanakis, K. (Konstantinos), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Axelsson, T. (Tomas), Beecham, A.H. (Ashley), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Bernard, M. (Manon), Blanton, S.H. (Susan H.), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brickman, A.M. (Adam M.), Carmichael, O. (Owen), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hass, J. (Johanna), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hoehn, D. (David), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Karbalai, N. (Nazanin), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Marquand, A.F. (Andre F.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), McKay, D.R. (David R.), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M. Olde), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Pirpamer, L. (Lukas), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Richards, J.S. (Jennifer S.), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Ropele, S. (Stefan), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Saremi, A. (Arvin), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shen, L. (Li), Shin, J. (Jean), Shumskaya, E. (Elena), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Toro, R. (Roberto), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trompet, S. (Stella), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Van Der Meer, D. (Dennis), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Rooij, D. (Daan), Walton, E. (Esther), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Wolfers, T. (Thomas), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zijdenbos, A.P., Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Barral, S. (Sandra), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Becker, D.M. (Diane M.), Becker, J.T. (James), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Blangero, J. (John), Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cichon, S. (Sven), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Dillman, A. (Allissa), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Duggirala, R. (Ravi), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Enzinger, C. (Christian), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fedko, I.O. (Iryna O.), Fernández, G. (Guillén), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fleischman, D. (Debra), Ford, I. (Ian), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gibbs, J.R. (J. Raphael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Håberg, A.K. (Asta K.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (C.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holsboer, F. (Florian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huentelman, M.J. (Matthew), Pol, H.H., Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack, C.R. (Clifford R.), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R. (René), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Knopman, D.S. (David S.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar L.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Martinez, O. (Oliver), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, F.J. (Francis J.), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Pike, G.B. (G. Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph L.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Sigursson, S. (Sigurdur), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H. (H.), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hernández, M.C.V. (Maria C. Valdés), Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Vellas, B. (Bruno), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wardlaw, J. (Joanna), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel R.), Weiner, M.W. (Michael W.), Wen, W. (Wei), Westman, E. (Eric), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Schumann, G. (Gunter), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Franke, B. (Barbara), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Ikram, M.K. (Kamran)

Abstract

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.

Published
2017
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12. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

Author

Hibar, D.P., Adams, H.H.H., Jahanshad, N., Chauhan, G., Stein, J.L., Hofer, E., Renteria, M.E., Bis, J.C., Arias-Vasquez, A., Ikram, M.K., Desrivières, S., Vernooij, M.W., Abramovic, L., Alhusaini, S., Amin, N., Andersson, M., Arfanakis, K., Aribisala, B.S., Armstrong, N.J., Athanasiu, L., Axelsson, T., Beecham, A.H., Beiser, A., Bernard, M., Blanton, S.H., Bohlken, M.M., Boks, M.P., Bralten, J., Brickman, A.M., Carmichael, O., Chakravarty, M.M., Chen, Q., Ching, C.R.K., Chouraki, V., Cuellar-Partida, G., Crivello, F., den Braber, A., Doan, N.T., Ehrlich, S., Giddaluru, S., Goldman, A.L., Gottesman, R.F., Grimm, O., Griswold, M.E., Guadalupe, T., Gutman, B.A., Hass, J., Haukvik, U.K., Hoehn, D., Holmes, A.J., Hoogman, M., Janowitz, D., Jia, T., Jørgensen, K.N., Karbalai, N., Kasperaviciute, D., Kim, S., Klein, M., Kraemer, B., Lee, P.H., Liewald, D.C.M., Lopez, L.M., Luciano, M., Macare, C., Marquand, A.F., Matarin, M., Mather, K.A., Mattheisen, M., McKay, D.R., Milaneschi, Y., Munoz Maniega, S., Nho, K., Nugent, A.C., Nyquist, P., Loohuis, L.M.O., Oosterlaan, J., Papmeyer, M., Pirpamer, L., Putz, B., Ramasamy, A., Richards, J.S., Risacher, S.L., Roiz-Santiañez, R., Rommelse, N., Ropele, S., Rose, E.J., Royle, N.A., Rundek, T., Sämann, P.G., Saremi, A., Satizabal, C.L., Schmaal, L., Schork, A.J., Shen, L., Shin, J., Shumskaya, E., Smith, A.V., Sprooten, E., Strike, L.T., Teumer, A., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Toro, R., Trabzuni, D., Trompet, S., Vaidya, D., Van der Grond, J., van der Lee, S.J., van der Meer, D., van Donkelaar, M.M.J., van Eijk, K.R., Van Erp, T.G.M., Van Rooij, D., Walton, E., Westlye, L.T., Whelan, C.D., Windham, B.G., Winkler, A.M., Wittfeld, K., Woldehawariat, G., Wolf, C., Wolfers, T., Yanek, L.R., Yang, J., Zijdenbos, A., Zwiers, M.P., Agartz, I., Almasy, L., Ames, D., Amouyel, P., Andreassen, O.A., Arepalli, S., Assareh, A.A., Barral, S., Bastin, M.E., Becker, D.M., Becker, J.T., Bennett, D.A., Blangero, J., van Bokhoven, H., Boomsma, D.I., Brodaty, H., Brouwer, R.M., Brunner, H.G., Buckner, R.L., Buitelaar, J.K., Bulayeva, K.B., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V.D., Cannon, D.M., Cavalleri, G.L., Cheng, C-Y, Cichon, S., Cookson, M.R., Corvin, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Curran, J.E., Czisch, M., Dale, A.M., Davies, G.E., de Craen, A.J.M., de Geus, E.J.C., De Jager, P.L., de Zubicaray, G.I., Deary, I.J., Debette, S., DeCarli, C., Delanty, N., Depondt, C., DeStefano, A.L., Dillman, A., Djurovic, S., Donohoe, G., Drevets, W.C., Duggirala, R., Dyer, T.D., Enzinger, C., Erk, S., Espeseth, T., Fedko, I.O., Fernández, G., Ferrucci, L., Fisher, S.E., Fleischman, D.A., Ford, I., Fornage, M., Foroud, T.M., Fox, P.T., Francks, C., Fukunaga, M., Gibbs, J.R., Glahn, D.C., Gollub, R.L., Göring, H.H.H., Green, R.C., Gruber, O., Gudnason, V., Guelfi, S., Håberg, A.K., Hansell, N.K., Hardy, J., Hartman, C.A., Hashimoto, R., Hegenscheid, K., Heinz, A., Le Hellard, S., Hernandez, D.G., Heslenfeld, D.J., Ho, B-C., Hoekstra, P.J., Hoffmann, W., Hofman, A., Holsboer, F., Homuth, G., Hosten, N., Hottenga, J-J, Huentelman, M., Pol, H.E.H., Ikeda, M., Jack Jr, C.R., Jenkinson, M., Johnson, R., Jönsson, E.G., Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R.S., Kanai, R., Kloszewska, I., Knopman, D.S., Kochunov, P., Kwok, J.B., Lawrie, S.M., Lemaitre, H., Liu, X., Longo, D.L., Lopez, O.L., Lovestone, S., Martinez, O.P., Martinot, J-L, Mattay, V.S., McDonald, C., McIntosh, A.M., McMahon, F.J., McMahon, K.L., Mecocci, P., Melle, I., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Mohnke, S., Montgomery, G.W., Morris, D.W., Mosley, T.H., Mühleisen, T.W., Müller-Myhsok, B., Nalls, M.A., Nauck, M., Nichols, T.E., Niessen, W.J., Nöthen, M.M., Nyberg, L., Ohi, K., Olvera, R.L., Ophoff, R.A., Pandolfo, M., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Pike, G.B., Potkin, S.G., Psaty, B.M., Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M., Roffman, J.L., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., Rotter, J.I., Ryten, M., Sacco, R.L., Sachdev, P.S., Saykin, A.J., Schmidt, R., Schmidt, H., Schofield, P.R., Sigursson, S., Simmons, A., Singleton, A., Sisodiya, S.M., Smith, C., Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H., Steen, V.M., Stott, D.J., Sussmann, J.E., Thalamuthu, A., Toga, A.W., Traynor, B.J., Troncoso, J., Tsolaki, M., Tzourio, C., Uitterlinden, A.G., Hernández, M.C.V., van der Brug, M., van der Lugt, A., van der Wee, N.J.A., van Haren, N.E.M., van ’t Ent, D., van Tol, M-J, Vardarajan, B.N., Vellas, B., Veltman, D.J., Volzke, H., Walter, H., Wardlaw, J.M., Wassink, T.H., Weale, M.E., Weinberger, D.R., Weiner, M.W., Wen, W., Westman, E., White, T., Wong, T.Y., Wright, C.B., Zielke, R.H., Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G., van Duijn, C.M., Wright, M.J., Longstreth, W.T., Schumann, G., Grabe, H.J., Franke, B., Launer, L.J., Medland, S.E., Seshadri, S., Thompson, P.M., Ikram, M.A., Hibar, D.P., Adams, H.H.H., Jahanshad, N., Chauhan, G., Stein, J.L., Hofer, E., Renteria, M.E., Bis, J.C., Arias-Vasquez, A., Ikram, M.K., Desrivières, S., Vernooij, M.W., Abramovic, L., Alhusaini, S., Amin, N., Andersson, M., Arfanakis, K., Aribisala, B.S., Armstrong, N.J., Athanasiu, L., Axelsson, T., Beecham, A.H., Beiser, A., Bernard, M., Blanton, S.H., Bohlken, M.M., Boks, M.P., Bralten, J., Brickman, A.M., Carmichael, O., Chakravarty, M.M., Chen, Q., Ching, C.R.K., Chouraki, V., Cuellar-Partida, G., Crivello, F., den Braber, A., Doan, N.T., Ehrlich, S., Giddaluru, S., Goldman, A.L., Gottesman, R.F., Grimm, O., Griswold, M.E., Guadalupe, T., Gutman, B.A., Hass, J., Haukvik, U.K., Hoehn, D., Holmes, A.J., Hoogman, M., Janowitz, D., Jia, T., Jørgensen, K.N., Karbalai, N., Kasperaviciute, D., Kim, S., Klein, M., Kraemer, B., Lee, P.H., Liewald, D.C.M., Lopez, L.M., Luciano, M., Macare, C., Marquand, A.F., Matarin, M., Mather, K.A., Mattheisen, M., McKay, D.R., Milaneschi, Y., Munoz Maniega, S., Nho, K., Nugent, A.C., Nyquist, P., Loohuis, L.M.O., Oosterlaan, J., Papmeyer, M., Pirpamer, L., Putz, B., Ramasamy, A., Richards, J.S., Risacher, S.L., Roiz-Santiañez, R., Rommelse, N., Ropele, S., Rose, E.J., Royle, N.A., Rundek, T., Sämann, P.G., Saremi, A., Satizabal, C.L., Schmaal, L., Schork, A.J., Shen, L., Shin, J., Shumskaya, E., Smith, A.V., Sprooten, E., Strike, L.T., Teumer, A., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Toro, R., Trabzuni, D., Trompet, S., Vaidya, D., Van der Grond, J., van der Lee, S.J., van der Meer, D., van Donkelaar, M.M.J., van Eijk, K.R., Van Erp, T.G.M., Van Rooij, D., Walton, E., Westlye, L.T., Whelan, C.D., Windham, B.G., Winkler, A.M., Wittfeld, K., Woldehawariat, G., Wolf, C., Wolfers, T., Yanek, L.R., Yang, J., Zijdenbos, A., Zwiers, M.P., Agartz, I., Almasy, L., Ames, D., Amouyel, P., Andreassen, O.A., Arepalli, S., Assareh, A.A., Barral, S., Bastin, M.E., Becker, D.M., Becker, J.T., Bennett, D.A., Blangero, J., van Bokhoven, H., Boomsma, D.I., Brodaty, H., Brouwer, R.M., Brunner, H.G., Buckner, R.L., Buitelaar, J.K., Bulayeva, K.B., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V.D., Cannon, D.M., Cavalleri, G.L., Cheng, C-Y, Cichon, S., Cookson, M.R., Corvin, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Curran, J.E., Czisch, M., Dale, A.M., Davies, G.E., de Craen, A.J.M., de Geus, E.J.C., De Jager, P.L., de Zubicaray, G.I., Deary, I.J., Debette, S., DeCarli, C., Delanty, N., Depondt, C., DeStefano, A.L., Dillman, A., Djurovic, S., Donohoe, G., Drevets, W.C., Duggirala, R., Dyer, T.D., Enzinger, C., Erk, S., Espeseth, T., Fedko, I.O., Fernández, G., Ferrucci, L., Fisher, S.E., Fleischman, D.A., Ford, I., Fornage, M., Foroud, T.M., Fox, P.T., Francks, C., Fukunaga, M., Gibbs, J.R., Glahn, D.C., Gollub, R.L., Göring, H.H.H., Green, R.C., Gruber, O., Gudnason, V., Guelfi, S., Håberg, A.K., Hansell, N.K., Hardy, J., Hartman, C.A., Hashimoto, R., Hegenscheid, K., Heinz, A., Le Hellard, S., Hernandez, D.G., Heslenfeld, D.J., Ho, B-C., Hoekstra, P.J., Hoffmann, W., Hofman, A., Holsboer, F., Homuth, G., Hosten, N., Hottenga, J-J, Huentelman, M., Pol, H.E.H., Ikeda, M., Jack Jr, C.R., Jenkinson, M., Johnson, R., Jönsson, E.G., Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R.S., Kanai, R., Kloszewska, I., Knopman, D.S., Kochunov, P., Kwok, J.B., Lawrie, S.M., Lemaitre, H., Liu, X., Longo, D.L., Lopez, O.L., Lovestone, S., Martinez, O.P., Martinot, J-L, Mattay, V.S., McDonald, C., McIntosh, A.M., McMahon, F.J., McMahon, K.L., Mecocci, P., Melle, I., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Mohnke, S., Montgomery, G.W., Morris, D.W., Mosley, T.H., Mühleisen, T.W., Müller-Myhsok, B., Nalls, M.A., Nauck, M., Nichols, T.E., Niessen, W.J., Nöthen, M.M., Nyberg, L., Ohi, K., Olvera, R.L., Ophoff, R.A., Pandolfo, M., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Pike, G.B., Potkin, S.G., Psaty, B.M., Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M., Roffman, J.L., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., Rotter, J.I., Ryten, M., Sacco, R.L., Sachdev, P.S., Saykin, A.J., Schmidt, R., Schmidt, H., Schofield, P.R., Sigursson, S., Simmons, A., Singleton, A., Sisodiya, S.M., Smith, C., Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H., Steen, V.M., Stott, D.J., Sussmann, J.E., Thalamuthu, A., Toga, A.W., Traynor, B.J., Troncoso, J., Tsolaki, M., Tzourio, C., Uitterlinden, A.G., Hernández, M.C.V., van der Brug, M., van der Lugt, A., van der Wee, N.J.A., van Haren, N.E.M., van ’t Ent, D., van Tol, M-J, Vardarajan, B.N., Vellas, B., Veltman, D.J., Volzke, H., Walter, H., Wardlaw, J.M., Wassink, T.H., Weale, M.E., Weinberger, D.R., Weiner, M.W., Wen, W., Westman, E., White, T., Wong, T.Y., Wright, C.B., Zielke, R.H., Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G., van Duijn, C.M., Wright, M.J., Longstreth, W.T., Schumann, G., Grabe, H.J., Franke, B., Launer, L.J., Medland, S.E., Seshadri, S., Thompson, P.M., and Ikram, M.A.

Abstract

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (rg=−0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.

Published
2017

13. Heritability of the shape of subcortical brain structures in the general population

Author

Roshchupkin, G.V. (Gennady), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Hofman, A. (Albert), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Roshchupkin, G.V. (Gennady), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Hofman, A. (Albert), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), and Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab)

Abstract

The volumes of subcortical brain structures are highly heritable, but genetic underpinnings of their shape remain relatively obscure. Here we determine the relative contribution of genetic factors to individual variation in the shape of seven bilateral subcortical structures: the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus. In 3,686 unrelated individuals aged between 45 and 98 years, brain magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping was performed. The maximal heritability of shape varies from 32.7 to 53.3% across the subcortical structures. Genetic contributions to shape extend beyond influences on intracranial volume and the gross volume of the respective structure. The regional variance in heritability was related to the reliability of the measurements, but could not be accounted for by technical factors only. These findings could be replicated in an independent sample of 1,040 twins. Differences in genetic contributions within a single region reveal the value of refined brain maps to appreciate the genetic complexity of brain structures.

Published
2016
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16. Physical activity, inflammation, and volume of the aging brain

Author

Braskie, M.N., primary, Boyle, C.P., additional, Rajagopalan, P., additional, Gutman, B.A., additional, Toga, A.W., additional, Raji, C.A., additional, Tracy, R.P., additional, Kuller, L.H., additional, Becker, J.T., additional, Lopez, O.L., additional, and Thompson, P.M., additional

Published
2014
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