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Samhällets pågående omställning mot minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser kräver bland annat stora mängder fasta biobränslen och flytande biodrivmedel. Den svenska biobränslepotentialen domineras av bi- och restprodukter från skogen, som sågspån från sågverken och grenar och toppar (sk grot) från avverkning av skog. Att omvandla trä till flytande bränslen med hög omvandlingseffektivitet är utmanande, och kräver kommersialisering av ny och innovativ teknik. Behovet av flytande biodrivmedel i transportsektorn har därför hittills framför allt tillgodosetts genom import. Ett utökat och resurseffektivt utnyttjande av den inhemska potentialen av biomassa från skogen skulle kunna vara en viktig komponent i att nå både målet om ett fossilfritt samhälle och mål om miljömässig hållbarhet och spårbarhet för råvaran. Kraftvärmesektorn är i stora delar redan fossilfri och hanterar redan idag inhemska fasta bio-bränslen från skogen. I befintliga kraftvärmeverk finns potential för ökad nyttjandegrad av anläggningen, en befintlig infrastruktur för bränslehantering och möjlighet till värmeavsättning i fjärrvärmenät. Detta skapar förutsättningar för att i tillägg till el och värme komplettera med processer för produktion av flytande energibärare från inhemska, spårbara och hållbara biobränslen från skogen.I denna skrift sammanfattas ett forskningsprojekt där möjligheten att vidareutveckla en befintlig kraftvärmeanläggning genom integrerad produktion av pyrolysolja undersökts. Vi har ställt oss frågor som: Kan vi åstadkomma inhemsk produktion av flytande bränsle från skogsbaserade fasta biobränslen genom att kraftvärmeproduktion kombineras med pyrolysoljeproduktion? Kan detta förbättra konkurrenskraften för kraftvärmeverket vid ett framtida vikande behov av fjärrvärme inom bostadssektorn? Vad innebär möjligheten att bli producent av pyrolysolja både för egen förbrukning och för andra marknader som transportsektorn, för kraftvärmeverket och för klimatet?

The present work, where additional value-creating processes in existing combined heat and power (CHP) structures have been examined, is motivated by a political- and consumer-driven strive towards a bioeconomy and a stagnation for the existing business models in large parts of the CHP sector. The research is based on cases where the integration of flash pyrolysis for co-production of bio-oil, co-gasification for production of fuel gas and synthetic biofuels as well as leaching of extractable fuel components in existing CHP plants have been simulated. In particular, this work has focused on the CHP plants that utilize boilers of fluidized bed (FB) type, where the concept of coupling a separate FB reactor to the FB of the boiler forms an important basis for the analyses. In such dual fluidized bed (DFB) technology, heat is transferred from the boiler to the new reactor that is operating with other fluidization media than air, thereby enabling other thermochemical processes than combustion to take place. The result of this work shows that broader operations at existing CHP plants have the potential to enable production of significant volumes of chemicals and/or fuels with high efficiency, while maintaining heat supply to external customers. Based on the insight that the technical preconditions for a broader operation are favourable, the motivation and ability among the incumbents in the Swedish CHP sector to participate in a transition of their operation towards a biorefinery was examined. The result of this assessment showed that the incumbents believe that a broader operation can create significant values for their own operations, the society and the environment, but that they lack both a strong motivation as well as important abilities to move into the new technological fields. If the concepts of broader production are widely implemented in the Swedish FB based CHP sector, this can substantially contribute in the transition towards a bioeconomy. Bioeconomy has been identified to hold a great potential for reducing fossil fuel dependence and for maintaining and creating economic growth. Large parts of the combined heat and power (CHP) sector, which successfully have contributed in the transition towards a fossil free society, are at present facing stagnation. District heating actors are facing challenges due to warmer climate, better insulated buildings and competition from heat pumps. The forest industry where CHP plants supplies processes with heat is facing structural changes foremost in the graphic segments. The emerging bioeconomy and the stagnation for the existing business models in large parts of the CHP sector form the background for the examination of additional value-creating processes in the existing CHP structure presented in this thesis. The technical viability for integration of fast pyrolysis, gasification and leaching with existing CHP plants has been analysed as well as the motivation and ability of the CHP incumbents to participate in a transition towards the bioeconomy by developing their plants to biorefineries.

This paper presents a project and literature overview about how risk management and quality sometimes goes hand in hand and sometimes in two different directions. Meaning that the risk management can affect product or process quality differently depending on what risks an organisation chooses to control. The purpose with this paper is to get a deeper understanding about how risk and quality works together with IT-support and therefore we have been actively participating in a project with a risk management company called Zert. A literature study and a qualitative interview study have also been undertaken to see what the customers and the other researchers have written, to be able to make proper conclusions on the subject. To easily work together and get the information that was needed, four methods where used. Besides the qualitative interview and literature study the think-out-loud, card sorting and a variation on the extreme programming method where used to help visualize and improve communication both with Zert, the costumers and among ourselves. Zert is a risk management company that helps other organisations to control their different types of risks that they might be taking, by offering a system where the risk management process is held and providing consulting services by helping within the processes. Both Zert and their customers see the communication, knowledge and teamwork as something important as well as the quality within the work, processes and the end result. To be able to get a good quality by controlling the risks, make a plan for the processes and following said plan is very important and by using IT-support as a tool, makes the quality even better.