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Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T13:57:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Hidden hunger, known as micronutrient deficiency in humans, affects about 2 billion people worldwide. One of the ways to minimize hidden hunger is through genetic biofortification. This study aimed to evaluate the natural genotypic variation of micronutrients in upland rice grains and agronomic traits to select genetic material for further agronomic and genetic biofortification aiming high density of micronutrients in grains. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with treatments consisting of 8 upland rice genotypes. The agronomic traits and the content of iron, zinc and copper in the rice genotypes grains were evaluated. The genotypes OSVR15001, OSVR15029, OSVR15038 and OSVR15047 did not differ statistically from the commercial cultivar IAC 203 in the two agricultural years and can be used as a complement in the production of upland rice. The OSVR15047 genotype maintained high Cu content in the grains and elevated grain yield in the two years of cultivation, being able to be used in genetic improvement for the emergence of superior genotypes. The OSVR15042 genotype was the only one that maintained a high Zn concentration in the grains in both years, also being able to be used for genetic biofortification. Our results contribute to the selection of genotypes that have good yield and good nutritional content in grains, which can help to minimize the effects of hidden hunger and increase the health of the population. Departament of Crop Production College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 - Bairro das Antas, SP College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Department of Plant Science Food Technology and Economic Partner School of Natural Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP Departament of Crop Production College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 - Bairro das Antas, SP College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Department of Plant Science Food Technology and Economic Partner School of Natural Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP

Resumo Estratégias de buscas mal formuladas podem apresentar grandes influências nos resultados de uma metanálise, uma vez que impacta diretamente na quantidade e aderência ao tema dos trabalhos utilizados para estudo, portanto, a formulação de uma estratégia de busca consistente e funcional é fundamental para que a revisão sistemática atinja seus objetivos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o impacto de diferentes estratégias de busca em uma revisão sistemática por meio da realização de uma metanálise para estimação de herdabilidade para a característica mastite em gado de leite. Uma vez definidas as estratégias de busca, as pesquisas realizadas nas bases de dados Web of science, Scopus, Scielo e Pubmed retornaram 921 estudos dos quais, após passarem pelos processos de identificação, seleção, elegibilidade e inclusão, 25 estudos foram selecionados. Retiradas dos artigos selecionados, 26 estimativas de herdabilidades foram utilizadas na realização da metanálise. Utilizou-se um modelo de efeito aleatório, sendo todas as análises realizadas pelo programa R, por meio do pacote Metafor. As estimativas obtidas através da estatística combinada de estudos para mastite, apresentou valores de baixa magnitude (0,05 e 0,06). Os efeitos das estratégias de busca têm impacto significativo nas estimativas de metanálise produzidas.

Poorly formulated search strategies can have great influences on the results of a meta-analysis, since it directly impacts the amount and adherence to the theme of the works used for study, therefore, the formulation of a consistent and functional search strategy is essential for the review system to achieve its goals. The objective of this work was to study the impact of different search strategies in a systematic review by performing a meta-analysis to estimate heritability for the mastitis trait in dairy cattle. Once the search strategies were defined, the searches carried out in the Web of science, Scopus, Scielo and Pubmed databases returned 921 studies from which, after going through the identification, selection, eligibility and inclusion processes, 25 studies were selected. Withdrawals from selected articles, 26 heritability estimates were used in the meta-analysis. A random effect model was used, with all analyzes performed by the R program, through the Metafor package. The estimates obtained through the combined statistics of studies for mastitis, presented values of low magnitude (0.05 and 0.06). The effects of search strategies have a significant impact on the meta-analysis estimates produced.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Techniques to increase grain production such as nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators are essential to enable and enhance rice yield. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization and application of trinexapac-ethyl on vegetative and reproductive traits of upland rice. Experiments were established in Registro, Brasil during the 2011 and 2014 growing seasons and treatments tested consisted of N rates (0; 50; 100; 150; and 200 kg N ha−1) and timings of TE application: V4, V7, R1 and control (without TE). Upland rice grain yield at N rates greater than 117 kg ha−1 applied as topdress combined with TE application at V7 will start to decrease grain yield. In addition, application of TE at V7 combined with N rates equal to or close to 117 kg ha−1 will lead to higher yields and shorter plants. The combination of N application at topdress combined with TE application at V4 led to a linear increase in the number of grains per panicle of rice plants. Nitrogen topdressing was found to increase plant height in the absence to TE or when TE is sprayed at V4 or R1. In addition, nitrogen topdressing had a positive increase in the number of tillers, stems, panicles, and SPAD index in rice plants. College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena. Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 - Bairro das Antas, Dracena São Paulo State University (Unesp) Campus of Registro, SP Tropical Root and Starches Center São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP Department of Soil Water and Climate Southwest Research and Outreach Center University of Minnesota, 23669, 130th, St. College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena. Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 - Bairro das Antas, Dracena São Paulo State University (Unesp) Campus of Registro, SP Tropical Root and Starches Center São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:26:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The use of herbicides and growth regulators in agricultural crops to reduce vegetative growth is widely studied worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic traits of upland rice subjected to low doses of glufosinate-ammonium applied at different development stages. The treatments consisted of five low doses (0; 15; 30; 60; and 100 g a.i. ha−1; a.i.: active ingredient) of glufosinate-ammonium herbicide: a single low dose between active tillering (AT) and floral differentiation (FD); a single low dose after FD; low dose divided into two applications, the first at the beginning of the AT and the second between AT and FD; low dose divided into three applications, the first at the beginning of the AT, the second between AT and FD and the third after the FD, with four replications. The agronomic traits of upland rice were negatively affected due to the application of low doses of glufosinate-ammonium, with reduction in grain yield, 1000-grain weight, number of panicles, full spikelets and spikelets per panicle. Glufosinate-ammonium has no potential to be used as hormesis effect in rice plants due to loss in grain yield. College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The influence of shade in the silvopastoral system on the performance and degree of parasitism by endo- and ectoparasites in Angus x Nellore heifers was assessed. The experiment was conducted with 72 heifers, with an initial mean weight of 276 ± 5.67 kg and 9 months of age, in a total area of 25 ha, divided into 12 paddocks, with three treatments and four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, to evaluate the conventional grazing system (CGS) without shade and silvopastoral systems with simple line (SPS1) or triple lines (SPS3) of eucalyptus. The evaluations were carried out every 28 days, from June 2017 to April 2018. During the trial, the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) presented a gradual increase in the three systems. Differences (P < 0.05) in the variables analyzed were recorded only in two occasions: the CGS group EPG mean ± standard error (1269 ± 105) was higher than the SPS1 group mean (402 ± 129 EPG) in March, and tick average of the CGS group (13 ± 2.7) was lower than the SPS3 (32 ± 5.3) in October. There were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between groups in relation to horn fly counts, the numbers of infective nematode larvae on pasture, hematological variables, and weight gain. It was concluded that in comparison with the CGS system, the shading in the SPS1 and SPS3 systems did not have any major influence on the degree of parasitism or in the performance of the heifers. FMVZ UNESP, Prof. Dr. Walter Maurício Correa, s/n Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) FMVZ UNESP, Prof. Dr. Walter Maurício Correa, s/n Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) FAPESP: 2016/26041-3 FAPESP: 2018/13918-0 CNPq: 303712/2013-9

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:14:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 1. The effect of microencapsulated and uncoated butyric acid as an alternative to antibiotics on performance, intestinal morphology and regeneration of intestinal mucosa was studied in birds experimentally infected with Eimeria spp. 1 to 42 d-old. 2. A total of 1,320 male Cobb® broiler chicks were allocated to one of five treatments in a completely randomised design, comprising a negative control, uncoated butyric acid (UA), microencapsulated butyric acid (MA), combined U + M butyric acid and a positive control (antibiotic+anticoccidial) in six replications. At 16 d-old, the birds were inoculated orally with 0.5 ml of a solution containing an Eimeria spp. pool. 3. At 21 d of age, the birds receiving butyric acid alone had higher body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) compared to those supplemented with the blend of acids. For the total rearing period, in all variables, the positive control performed best (P

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:08:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 1. The effect of A. subrufescens and P. ostreatus mushrooms as an alternative to antibiotics (avilamycin or monensin sodium) on performance, intestinal morphometry, immunity, and biochemical profile of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. was studied from 1 to 42 d old. A total of 900 male Cobb® broiler chicks were distributed, according to a completely randomised design, into five treatments with six replicates each. 2. The treatments consisted of: negative control (NC)–basal diet (BD) with no anticoccidial or antibiotic (non-challenged birds); negative control challenged (NCC)–NC fed to Eimeria spp. challenged birds; BD with 0.2% A. subrufescens inclusion for challenged birds (As), BD with 0.2% P. ostreatus inclusion for challenged birds (Po); and a positive control–BD with anticoccidial and antibiotic inclusion for challenged birds (ATB). 3. At 11 d.o., the birds were each inoculated orally with 1 ml solution containing 2 × 105 sporulated oocysts/ml Eimeria acervulina and 2 × 104 sporulated oocysts/ml E. maxima and E. tenella. 4. Birds subjected to Eimeria spp. challenge up to 21 d of age had greater crypt depth, indicating that the presence of undesirable microorganisms had an effect on cell proliferation. 5. At 21 d old, the birds receiving ATB had higher average weight gain (AWG), feed intake (AFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to those fed diets supplemented with mushrooms (As or Po). For the total rearing period (42 days), the birds that received ATB had higher AWG and AFI (P

An alternative two-entrance hive system demonstrated here is less taxing for the bee colonies. Bees are directed to forage inside the greenhouse when the crop is in flower, and only have access to the outside after anthesis. Consequently, there are no bees in the greenhouse in the afternoon, facilitating crop management. This system allows the farmer to control bee access to the crop without the need for a smoker or protective equipment. Using this system, we compared pollination by honey bees (Apis mellifera) to hand pollination of zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) in greenhouses, during two crop seasons. Data included number of flower visits by the bees, fruit production, and the time and consequent labor costs needed to control bee flight direction versus the costs of hand pollination. In the greenhouses with bees, each female flower received a mean of more than 40 bee visits. When eight or more bees visited a flower, the fruits were significantly heavier than with manual pollination (313 versus 232 g, respectively). Total production was increased 41% with bee pollination. Using bee pollination increased profit over 12%, taking into account hive rental and labor costs for hand pollination versus manipulating the hive entrances. Un sistema alternativo de colmena de dos entradas demostrado aquí es menos estresante para las colonias de abejas. Las abejas se dirigen a forrajear dentro del invernadero agrícola cuando el cultivo tiene flores abiertas y se dirigen al exterior diariamente después de la antesis. En consecuencia, no hay abejas en el invernadero por la tarde, lo que facilita el manejo del cultivo. Este sistema permite al agricultor controlar el acceso de las abejas al cultivo sin necesidad de un ahumador o ropa de apicultura. Utilizando este sistema, comparamos la polinización de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) con la polinización manual de calabacín (Cucurbita pepo) en invernaderos, durante dos temporadas. Observamos el número de visitas de las abejas a las flores, la producción de frutas y los costos de tiempo y mano de obra necesarios para controlar la dirección de vuelo de las abejas en comparación con los costos de la polinización manual. En invernaderos con abejas, cada flor hembra recibió un promedio de más de 40 visitas de abejas. Cuando ocho o más abejas visitaron una flor, los frutos fueron significativamente más pesados que con la polinización manual (313 x 232 g, respectivamente). La producción total aumentó en un 41% con la polinización de las abejas. El uso de la polinización de abejas aumentó la ganancia en más de un 12%, teniendo en cuenta el alquiler de la colmena y los costos de mano de obra para la polinización manual en comparación con el manejo de las entradas de la colmena. Um sistema alternativo de colmeia com duas entradas demonstrado aqui é menos estressante para as colônias de abelhas melíferas. As abelhas são direcionadas para forragear dentro da estufa agrícola quando a cultura está com as flores abertas e são direcionadas diariamente ao exterior após a antese. Consequentemente, não há abelhas na estufa no período da tarde, facilitando o manejo da cultura. Este sistema permite que o agricultor controle o acesso das abelhas à cultura sem a necessidade de um fumegador ou vestimenta apícola. Utilizando esse sistema, comparamos a polinização por abelhas melíferas (Apis mellifera) com a polinização manual da abobrinha (Cucurbita pepo) em estufas, durante duas safras. Nós verificamos o número de visitas das abelhas às flores, a produção de frutos e o tempo e os custos de mão-de-obra necessários para controlar a direção do voo das abelhas em comparação aos custos da polinização manual. Nas estufas com abelhas, cada flor feminina recebeu em média mais de 40 visitas de abelhas. Quando oito ou mais abelhas visitaram uma flor, os frutos foram significativamente mais pesados ​​do que com a polinização manual (313 x 232 g, respectivamente). A produção total aumentou 41% com a polinização por abelhas. O uso da polinização por abelhas aumentou o lucro em mais de 12%, levando em consideração o aluguel da colmeia e os custos de mão-de-obra para a polinização manual em comparação com a manipulação das entradas da colmeia.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:04:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2017000400717.pdf: 161837 bytes, checksum: 46bd3a18130b3ef717d72076292c037b (MD5) Among the several factors required in breeding laying hens, debeaking is a factor that interferes with batch performance and affects animal welfare. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate three different debeaking procedures and to verify the best technique to be used. For this, the performance of the birds, the incidence of cannibalism, and in rearing phase, the quality of the eggs were evaluated. Dekalb White birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments, T1 (infrared radiation debeaking) T2 (hot blade debeaking) and T3 (V debeaking).The data was submitted to Analysis of Variance and compared by Tukey’s test (95%), using statistical software R. The frequencies of mortality and cannibalism were submitted to the Chi-Square test (Software R). It was observed that mortality was lower with IR debeaking in the breeding phase. Already in the rearing phase, the mortality was similar between the debeaking techniques and the cannibalism was null. The final mean weight (g), mean weight gain (g) and average daily weight gain in the rearing and egg quality variables were higher for V debeaking when compared to other techniques. It is concluded that V-debeaking provides better bird performance, resistance and shell thickness when compared to the infrared radiations and hot blade debeaking, in addition to subjecting the birds to less stress. São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” FCAT Unesp São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” FCA Unesp São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” FMVZ Unesp Hendrix Genetics Ltda São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” FCAT Unesp São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” FCA Unesp São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” FMVZ Unesp

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 The effect of organic acids as an alternative to antibiotics on the performance of broiler chickens was evaluated by meta-analysis, identifying and quantifying the main factors that influence results. A total of 51,960 broilers from 121 articles published between 1991 and 2016 were used. Interactions of additives [non-supplemented group (control), organic acids, and growth promoter antibiotics] with microbial challenge (with or without inoculation of pathogenic microorganisms) were studied on performance variables. Moreover, the effects of organic acids, used individually or in blends, were evaluated. Relative values of average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were obtained in relation to control: ΔADG and ΔADFI, respectively. Analysis of variance-covariance revealed lower ADG with organic acids when compared to antibiotics (P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between the additives and the challenge on feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.01) and on viability (P < 0.05). Without challenge, organic acids improved broilers’ FCR (P < 0.01), presenting results similar to antibiotics (P > 0.05). Under challenge, the organic acids were again effective on FCR (−5.67% in relation to control, P < 0.05), but they did not match antibiotics (−13.40% in relation to control, P < 0.01). Viability was improved only under challenge conditions, and only by antibiotics (+4.39% in relation to control, P < 0.05). ADG (P < 0.05) and FCR (P < 0.01) were increased by blends of organic acids, but not by the organic acids used alone (P > 0.05). ADFI and production factor were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05). ΔADFI of organic-acid supplemented group showed a linear influence on ΔADG, which increases 0.64% at every 1% increase in ΔADFI. In conclusion, organic acids can be utilized as performance enhancing, but the results are lower than those found with antibiotics, particularly under microbial challenge. The blends of organic acids provide better results than the utilization of one organic acid alone. São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul College of Agronomy Department of Animal Science Campus of Porto University of São Paulo (USP) College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T07:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:05:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2019000200304.pdf: 655287 bytes, checksum: 966fb67905de25fea2fc7a366b843060 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to evaluate diets supplemented with probiotic (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and organic acids (lactic, acetic and butyric acid) in attempt to replace the antibiotics and anticoccidial (avilamycin + sodium monensin) growth promoters on performance and economic viability of broilers challenged by Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. A total of 900 male Cobb (R) chickens, with a mean weight of 39.90g, were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement: supplementation or not of probiotic and organic acids and a treatment with inclusion of antibiotics, comprising five treatments with six replicates. For the studied performance variables, there was no effect of the isolated additives and no interaction between them (p>0.05). Only the antibiotics promoted better results for weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR). Therefore, the use of organic acids and probiotic, isolated or associated, provided lower performance to those receiving antibiotics, not improving the performance of chickens under the imposed challenge conditions. The highest revenues were generated with the use of antibiotics, providing greater profits. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Coll Technol & Agr Sci, Campus Dracena,Rod Cmte,Km651, BR-17900000 Dracena, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Coll Technol & Agr Sci, Campus Dracena,Rod Cmte,Km651, BR-17900000 Dracena, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/156530

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:19:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The objective of this research was to evaluate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) balance of the following lipid sources: soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, and fish oil. Two hundred eighty 24-wk-old laying hens of the Hysex White were used. The experimental diets consisted of a basal diet (reference group), basal diet + 10% soybean oil addition (group 1), basal diet + 10% sunflower oil addition (group 2), basal diet + 10% linseed oil addition (group 3), and basal diet + 10% fish oil addition (group 4), distributed in a completely randomized design with seven replicates and eight birds per experimental unit. The metabolic assay was performed by the total excreta collection method. The AMEn values found in the natural material were 9 334 kcal kg −1 for soybean oil, 10 533 kcal kg −1 for sunflower oil, 10 928 kcal kg −1 for linseed oil, and 9 005 kcal kg −1 for fish oil. The AMEn were different among the lipid sources. Sunflower oil and linseed oil had higher AMEn compared with soybean oil and fish oil (P < 0.05). The AMEn of the lipid sources of plant origin had higher values than the gross energy. The fatty acid profile of each lipid source was presented in this work. Thus, it is important to have individual nutritional information for each type of oil for laying hens, making it possible to formulate more appropriate and accurate feed. College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences (FCAT) São Paulo State University UNESP, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 Department of Biology College of Engineering of Ilha Solteira São Paulo State University UNESP, Avenida Brasil Sul, 56 — Centro College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences (FCAT) São Paulo State University UNESP, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 Department of Biology College of Engineering of Ilha Solteira São Paulo State University UNESP, Avenida Brasil Sul, 56 — Centro FAPESP: 2015/14423-6

A precisão no atendimento das exigências nutricionais é de grande importância na produção de codornas, porém há ausência de consenso quanto às recomendações de proteína bruta (PB) para codornas de linhagens específicas para corte. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a exigência de PB para codornas europeias sobre o desempenho e sobre as características de carcaça. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, sendo cinco níveis de PB para machos e fêmeas. Na fase inicial (1 a 21dias), foram utilizadas 1.800 codornas e níveis de PB de 20,0, 22,5, 25,0, 27,5 e 30,0%, com seis repetições contendo 30 aves cada. Na fase de crescimento (22 a 45 dias), foram usadas 1.620 codornas e níveis de PB de 17,5, 19,5, 22,0, 24,5 e 27,0%, com seis repetições contendo 27 aves cada. As dietas foram fareladas a base de milho e farelo de soja. O desempenho das codornas foi avaliado ao final de cada período, e o rendimento de carcaça no 45º dia. Aos 21 dias houve maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar, independentemente do sexo, com 25,50% e 27,06% de PB, respectivamente. No período de 22 a 45 dias, observou-se somente efeito do sexo, sendo que as fêmeas obtiveram desempenho superior. Com relação às características de carcaça, os machos obtiveram maior rendimento de carcaças (quente, fria e dorso); já as fêmeas, apresentaram maior rendimento de cortes (peito, moela e fígado).

Studies on the effect of foliar fertilization on the production and quality of vegetable seeds are still scarce. There is a lack of information regarding recommendations that provide an increase in the production of seeds with high physiological potential. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of boron application via leaf at different phenological stages of cauliflower on the production and phenological quality of seeds. The experiment was carried out from January 2017 to March 2018. The studied species was the cauliflower cultivar Piracicaba Precoce with 16 treatments, resulting from the combination of number of applications (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) of boron leaf pathway at 1.0 g L-¹ in five phenological stages: 30 cm floral stem; opening of the first flowers; formation of the first silicas; 50% of silica formed and 100% of silica formed, in addition to control without application of boron. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications. According to the results, it was observed that the application of boron via leaf at different phenological stages of 'Piracicaba Precoce' cauliflower did not differ from the control (without boron) for seed production. Perform an application of boron via leaf to produce cauliflower seeds in the stages: opening of the first flowers (average: 96%); in the formation of the first silicas (average: 94%), and at the moment when there are 100% of silicas formed (still green) (average: 93%), there is an increase in vigor on average of 16% more when compared to plants with 30 cm of floral stem (younger stage, average: 78% vigor).

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:28:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:36:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-86722018000100509.pdf: 523287 bytes, checksum: a48a62843ed5471e704919504072ab94 (MD5) RESUMO. O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho, peso relativo de órgãos, morfometria, comprimento intestinal e atividade de enzimas pancreáticas de frangos de corte recebendo suplemento neonatal. Foram utilizados 900 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500, alojados em 30 boxes de 2,5 m². Os tratamentos foram divididos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições, e consistiram em cinco níveis de inclusão (0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10 gramas por ave). O suplemento utilizado foi à base de aminoácidos, vitaminas e minerais, o qual foi fornecido no primeiro dia de alojamento sobre a ração. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o SAS (2008) e quando significativos desdobrados em regressão polinomial. Em função da inclusão do suplemento neonatal no período de um a sete e de um a 21 dias de idade o consumo de ração apresentou efeito linear e o ganho de peso efeito quadrático. Os pesos relativos da moela e do fígado apresentaram efeito quadrático, e as inclusões de 4,18 e 3,41 gramas/ave proporcionaram os menores pesos respectivamente. A altura das vilosidades do jejuno diminuiu com a suplementação assim como a atividade da lipase pancreática. Conclui-se que a suplementação neonatal beneficiou o desempenho das aves até os 21 dias de idade. ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, morphometry, intestinal length and pancreatic enzyme activity of broilers receiving neonatal supplementation. A total of 900 Cobb 500 broiler chicks was housed in 30 boxes of 2.5 m². The treatments were divided in a completely randomized design with six replications, and consisted of five inclusion levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 grams per bird). The supplement used was based of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which was provided on the ration on the first day in the housing. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (2008) and when significant broken down using a polynomial regression. Due to the inclusion of the neonatal supplement in the period from one to seven and one to 21 days of age, the feed intake presented a linear effect and the weight gain, a quadratic effect. The relative weights of the gizzard and liver showed a quadratic effect, and the inclusions of 4.18 and 3.41 grams/bird provided the lowest weights, respectively. The jejunum villi height decreased with supplementation as well as the activity of pancreatic lipase. It can be concluded that neonatal supplementation benefited the performance of birds up to 21 days of age. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Fisiologia

The objective of this study was to evaluate lactic and butyric acids as alternatives to avilamycin as growth promot­ers on the immune response of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease. Seventy broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design using a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement: presence or absence of lactic acid and butyric acid plus a control treatment with the inclusion of avilamycin, with seven replicates and two birds per experimental unit. Birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease at 14 days of age. Prior to vaccination (14 days), at 21 and 35 days, blood samples were collected to detect and quantify antibodies against Newcastle disease virus. At 14 and 21 days, there was no significant effect of treatments on antibody titers. At 35 days, the combination of lactic and butyric acids presented a synergistic effect on the immune response of the birds, provid­ing a higher amount of antibody titers compared to the other treatments. The combined effect of lactic and butyric acids improved the immune response of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease at 35 days of age, representing a viable alternative to avilamycin.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T17:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics on performance, intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens housed on lower or higher environmental challenge. Three hundred male Cobb chicks were distributed into four groups in completely randomised design with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme to evaluate effects of two diets (with or without probiotics) and two environmental conditions (lower or higher challenge), totaling four treatments with five replications with 15 birds per box. Probiotics were added on diets and were composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Enterococcus faecium. The environment with lower challenge was made up of new wood shavings used as litter, low bird density (8 birds/m2) and daily-cleaned bell drinkers. The environment with higher challenge was made up of re-used wood shavings used as litter (after three broods of broilers), bird density of 16 birds/m2 with bell drinkers cleaned every two days. No significant interaction between diet and environmental challenge was found for any of the variables evaluated. Performance, slaughterhouse variables and chemical carcass composition were not affected by the use of probiotics. Chicks receiving diets without probiotics had lower intestinal crypt depth (267.1 vs. 316.6 μm, P=0.0068). Birds raised in the environment with higher challenge decreased feed intake (4,660 vs 5,020 g, P=0.0422), weight gain (2,610 vs 2,810 g, P= 0.0054), drumstick and thigh yield (21.98 vs 24.14 %, P=0.0354), and increased crypt depth (325.2 vs 258.5 μm P=0.0009). In conclusion, the probiotic does not promote satisfactory improvements, regardless of the environmental challenge. University of Western São Paulo University of West Santa Catarina São Paulo State University College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences Department of Animal Nutrition and Production University of São Paulo São Paulo State University College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of two cleaning and disinfection programs on broiler performance and on the microbiological status of the facilities. This trial was an observational study of comparative character. Two experiments were conducted, with 960 birds each. Both experiments were carried out in a positive-pressure broiler house. Broilers were distributed in pens equipped with a bell drinker and a tube feeder each. In the first experiment, new wood shavings were used as litter material, and in the second, reused wood shavings were used. Two treatments with16 replicates of 30 birds each were evaluated. The regular treatment consisted of dry and wet organic matter removal, followed by washing. The European treatment consisted of dry organic matter removal, humidification, washing with water under high pressure, detergent application, rinsing, and application of two combined disinfectants: glutaraldehyde 250g/L + formaldehyde 185g/L; p-chlor-m-cresol 210 g/L. Biosecurity measures were adopted during daily management tasks to prevent cross contamination between treatments. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated by microbiological analysis performed before and after treatment applications, as well as by broiler performance results. Live performance results were similar between both treatments when broilers were reared on new litter. When reused word-shavings were used as litter material, the European treatment promoted better broiler performance. The European treatment was more effective than the regular treatment in reducing total microbial counts in the facilities when reused wood shavings were used as litter material, and positively influenced broiler performance.

College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences UNESP-Universty Estadual Paulista-Campus of Dracena, Rod. Cmte., Joao Ribeiro de Barros, km 651

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:39:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-86722017000100091.pdf: 508114 bytes, checksum: d9e08d64516b7a8a2bc3c9606ef3f32f (MD5) Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de complexos enzimáticos (CE1 e CE2) em dietas com níveis reduzidos sobre desempenho e viabilidade econômica de frangos. Foram utilizados 840 pintos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições: 1) controle positivo (CP), dieta formulada para atender às exigências nutricionais; 2) controle negativo 1 (CN1), dieta com níveis nutricionais reduzidos; 3) CN1+CE1; 4) CN2: dieta com proteína e aminoácidos do farelo de soja valorizados em 7%; 5) CN2+CE2; 6) CN3: dieta com níveis reduzidos, e farelo de soja valorizado em 7% para proteína e aminoácidos; 7) CN3+CE1+CE2. A conversão alimentar foi maior em aves que receberam dietas CN1 ou CN3 aos sete, 21 e 42 dias, e CN2 aos 21 dias. A inclusão de CE2 na dieta CN2 melhorou a conversão alimentar em relação a CN2, tornando-a semelhante à de aves alimentadas com dieta CP aos 21 dias. A associação de CE1+CE2 na dieta CN3 não favoreceu o desempenho. Portanto, o uso de complexo enzimático (CE2) em dieta com níveis reduzidos mantém a conversão alimentar similar à de aves recebendo dieta-padrão no período de um a 21 dias, porém, no período de um a 42 dias, não melhora o desempenho de frangos. This study evaluated the effect of multienzyme complexes (EC1 and EC2) in low nutritional density diets on performance and economic viability of broilers. A total of 840 day-old chicks were assigned to 7 treatments, distributed in a completely randomized design: (1) PC: positive control, basal diet formulated to meet nutritional requirements; (2) NC1: negative control, reduced energy and nutrient density diet without enzymes; (3) NC1+EC1; (4) NC2: negative control, diet formulated with 7% over-estimated crude protein and amino acids of soybean meal without enzymes; (5) NC2+EC2; (6) NC3: negative control, reduced energy and nutrient density diet and over-estimation of crude protein and amino acids of soybean meal; (7) NC3+EC1+EC2. Feeding NC1 or NC3 impaired feed conversion ratio at 7, 21 and 42 days, and NC2 at 21 days. Inclusion of EC2 in NC2 diet improved feed conversion ratio and kept it similar to basal diets from 1 to 21 days. Association of EC1 with EC2 in NC3 diet did not improve performance. In summary, inclusion of EC2 in diets with reduced nutrient density keep feed conversion ratio similar to basal diets from 1 to 21 days but does not improve performance of broiler chicken from 1 to 42 days post-hatch. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-07-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Most amino acid (AA) digestibility values for feed ingredients are obtained using ileal-cannulated pigs. The ileal-cannulated pig model is not used with pigs younger than six weeks of age due to difficulties related to T-cannula implantation in the distal ileum and potential problems related to post-surgical recovery. Thus, the present experiment aimed to determine the digestibility of two ingredients in young pigs using the slaughter method. Fifty 23-d-old weaned pigs were divided into two experiments to evaluate the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal amino acid digestibility in micronized full fat soybean meal (MFFS) and textured soy flour (TS) with or without phytase (Phy) and multi-carbohydrase (MC) supplementation. Each piglet was individually housed in a metabolic cage in a completely randomized experimental design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of MC (0 and 0.2%) and Phy (0 and 0.05%). During the first 8 d, a diet was formulated to meet or exceed nutrient specifications for piglets. Subsequently, the animals were introduced to experimental diets for 10 d (a 6-d adaptation period followed by a 4-d faeces and urine total collection). A corn/dry-whey/milk-powder diet was used as a reference diet (RD). Ileal digesta was collected at slaughter (45 d of age) after a 4-d adaptation period with a low protein diet (5% casein). There was no effect of MC or Phy supplementation on nutrient and energy digestibility in MFFS. The SID of AA in MFFS without enzymes was on average 6% lower than in published data in the literature (NRC, 2012). Similarly, in TS, no interactions (P > 0.05) between enzymes were observed on AID or SID of essential AA. However, Phy supplementation improved the ATTD of crude protein (CP) and the SID of Arg, His, Glu and Pro (P

In this study, 600 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were distributed according a completely randomized experimental design into the different dietary treatments. Broilers were fed the following dietary treatments: positive control diet (PC), containing 54 ppm zinc bacitracin; negative control diet (NC), with no inclusion of performance enhancers and 3% reduction in metabolizable energy, crude protein, and amino acid levels; PC up to 33 days and then NC, with the dietary addition of 75, 150, or 225 ppm plant extracts, until day 42 days of age. Broiler performance and carcass yield were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System package (SAS Institute Inc., 2008), and submitted to polynomial regression analysis using the GLM procedure at 5% significance level. There was no influence of treatments on feed intake or weight gain, but feed conversion ratio of the broiler fed the plant extract was significantly higher (p0.05) of the applied treatments on carcass yield. We concluded that the replacement of performance-enhancing additives by plant extracts, at the evaluated inclusion levels, does not promote positive performance results.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352014000200028.pdf: 1530728 bytes, checksum: 9600cab4a9de10f19474844298ebc928 (MD5) O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as interações e os efeitos da utilização de gordura de abatedouro avícola (gordura de frango) e de óleo de soja com níveis de inclusão de 2 e 4% em dietas para frangos de corte. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com pintos de corte de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, alojados num delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2x2. No primeiro experimento utilizaram-se 560 aves para avaliar o desempenho e as características de carcaça. No segundo experimento foram alojadas 100 aves para determinar o aproveitamento dos nutrientes e da energia da dieta, e também a atividade de lipase e amilase pancreática. Não houve interações entre as fontes lipídicas e os níveis de inclusão para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, com exceção do coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (CMMS), que foi maior nas dietas com inclusão de 2% de óleo de soja em relação à gordura de frango. A inclusão de 4% de lipídios na dieta, independente da fonte lipídica, melhorou o coeficiente de metabolizabilidade do extrato etéreo (CMEE) e aumentou o ganho de peso e o consumo de ração das aves. Ainda, na fase inicial, a adição de 4% de lipídios na dieta aumentou a atividade de lipase em relação às dietas com inclusões de 2%, observando-se uma correlação positiva entre o CMEE e a atividade de lipase pancreática. Como conclusão, não há interação entre as fontes lipídicas e os níveis de inclusão estudados, com ressalva para o CMMS. As características de carcaça não são influenciadas por nenhum dos fatores estudados. A adição de 4% de lipídio aumenta a atividade de lipase pancreática e melhora o CMEE, refletindo em maior ganho de peso das aves, indiferentemente da fonte lipídica testada, o que torna a gordura de frango uma boa alternativa ao óleo de soja. This research aimed to evaluate the interactions and effects of 2 and 4% addition levels of poultry slaughterhouse fat (chicken tallow) and soybean oil in diets for broiler chickens. Two experiments were carried out using one-day-old male Cobb chicks in an entirely random design with a 2x2 factorial scheme. In the first experiment, 560 chicks were used to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics. In the second experiment, 100 chicks were used to determine the nutrient digestibility, dietary energy utilization and the lipase and amylase pancreatic activity. There was no interaction between the fat sources and the addition levels for any of the analyzed variables, except for the digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DCDM), which was higher in diets added with 2% soybean oil when compared to chicken tallow. The addition of 4% fat in the diet, regardless of fat source, improved the digestibility coefficient of ethereal extract (DCEE) and increased weight gain and feed intake. Moreover, in the initial phase, the addition of 4% fat to the diet increased lipase activity when compared to diets with 2% addition, and a positive correlation between DCEE and pancreatic lipase activity was observed. In conclusion, there is no interaction between fat sources and addition levels, except for DCDM. Carcass characteristics are not influenced by any of the studied factors. The addition of 4% fat increases pancreatic lipase activity and improves DCEE, resulting in greater weight gain, regardless of the tested fat source, making chicken tallow a great alternative to soybean oil. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade de São Paulo Universidade Estadual Paulista

Most of amino acid (AA) digestibility values for feed ingredients are obtained using pigs cannulated in the distal ileum. The ileal-cannulated pig model uses pigs older than six weeks due to difficulties related to implanting the T-cannula in distal ileum of younger pigs and complications during the post-surgical recovery. However, to properly formulate the diet of weaned pigs, the nutritive value of feed ingredients should be determined with younger pigs. Thus, 25 weaned pigs were used to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, energy, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) ileal AA digestibility of broken rice (BR), with or without multicarbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy) supplementation. Piglets were weaned at 23 d of age and individually housed in digestibility cages until 45 d of age. The trial consisted of 7 d of adaptation to the experimental diets and 3 d of excreta (feces and urine) collection. Ileal digesta was collected at slaughter (about 6 weeks of age). A completely randomized experimental design was used to determine the effects of MC and Phy. Reference diets (RD, 5% casein) was replaced by 30% of BR with or without MC, Phy, or MC+Phy. The RD was used to quantify endogenous AA losses. BR with Phy supplied had increased the ATTD of dry matter (p

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-11-01 Three experiments with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were conducted to evaluate maize-based diets for broilers containing different lipid sources [soybean oil (S) or beef tallow (T)] supplemented with or without lysophospholipids and organic acids on nutrient balance (Experiment I, evaluation period of 10–14 d), on liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, on jejunal microbiota (Experiment II, sampling at d 14) and on performance (Experiment III, accumulated periods of 1–14, 1–21 and 1–42 d). A total of 1344 male chicks were used. In each experiment, the birds were allotted in a completely randomised design with 8 replications. The lysophospholipids were mainly composed of lysolecithins and the organic acids blend was constituted by lactic (40%), acetic (7%) and butyric acids (1%). An interaction between lipid sources and lysophospholipids was observed on faecal apparent digestibility of lipid (ADL), which improved with lysophospholipids addition in T diets. Broilers fed on S had higher ADL and faecal apparent digestibility of nitrogen-corrected gross energy (ADGEN). It was not possible to demonstrate a significant treatment effect on the liver concentration of vitamins A and E, even with the differences in fatty acid profile between S and T. Enterobacteria values were below the detection threshold. Lysophospholipid supplementation reduced gram-positive cocci in T-fed birds. S diets promoted lower total anaerobe counts compared with T diets, independent of additives. S diets increased BW gain and feed:gain ratio in all evaluation periods. Lysophospholipids and organic acids improved feed:gain ratio at 1–21 d in T diets. Furthermore, main effects were observed for lysophospholipids and organic acids at 1–42 d, which increased BW gain and improved feed:gain ratio, respectively. No positive interactions between additives were found. Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) Department of Veterinary Medicine University of São Paulo (FZEA-USP) São Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The State of Sao Paulo is the fourth largest producer of broiler chicken. However, there is little information about the realities of poultry, which hampers the study towards the development of new technologies. The objective of this study was to seek information on the reality of poultry housing the State of Sao Paulo. Eighty-five broiler chicken poultry housings were visited and a questionnaire containing a total of eight questions about the types of poultry housing was applied. The data showed that poultry housing present modern features such as high frequency of fans, nebulizers, linings and automatic feeders; only water troughs have average technology level due to less frequent use of nipple troughs.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2011000100006.pdf: 110477 bytes, checksum: ce3cde0df00bbd7745bc1cee3a507a62 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2011000100006.pdf: 110477 bytes, checksum: ce3cde0df00bbd7745bc1cee3a507a62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2011000100006.pdf: 110477 bytes, checksum: ce3cde0df00bbd7745bc1cee3a507a62 (MD5) S1516-635X2011000100006.pdf.txt: 29283 bytes, checksum: 325a1cb10e078b44cc28c001a37a32b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:07:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2011000100006.pdf: 110477 bytes, checksum: ce3cde0df00bbd7745bc1cee3a507a62 (MD5) S1516-635X2011000100006.pdf.txt: 29283 bytes, checksum: 325a1cb10e078b44cc28c001a37a32b5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:07:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2011000100006.pdf: 110477 bytes, checksum: ce3cde0df00bbd7745bc1cee3a507a62 (MD5) S1516-635X2011000100006.pdf.txt: 29283 bytes, checksum: 325a1cb10e078b44cc28c001a37a32b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal quality of eggs of Japanese quails fed diets supplemented with chelated selenium and zinc. The experiment was carried out for 120 days, and 144 birds were divided in random blocks into four treatments (control; 0.3 ppm Se; 60 ppm Zn and 0.3 ppm Se + 60 ppm Zn). Ten, 14, 18, and 22 weeks after the beginning of lay, eggs were collected and stored under two different temperatures (environmental temperature or refrigeration) and for 10, 20, and 30 days. Eggs were analyzed for: Haugh units (HU), albumen height (AH), yolk index (YI), and albumen index (AI). Parameters were only statistically influenced by the interaction between dietary treatment and storage time. It was concluded that the addition of organic Se and Zn influenced internal egg quality when eggs were stored up to 20 days, independently of storage temperature, suggesting that the combined supplementation of organic Se and Zn improve internal egg quality and extend egg shelf life. Universidade Estadual Paulista Animal Science School São Paulo State University Medicine and Animal Science School Universidade Estadual Paulista Animal Science School São Paulo State University Medicine and Animal Science School

Os óleos e as gorduras, assim denominados em função de sua origem, são ingredientes internacionalmente indispensáveis na formulação de rações para que haja sucesso na produção de frangos de corte. Os lipídios advindos da dieta são grandes fornecedores de energia e de ácidos graxos essenciais ao metabolismo. O aproveitamento nutricional depende da digestibilidade, que, por sua vez, é influenciada pela composição química das moléculas lipídicas. Características ligadas ao comprimento da cadeia carbônica, presença ou não de duplas ligações, configuração das ligações (cis ou trans), presença de ácidos graxos na forma de triglicerídio ou livre e posição do ácido graxo na molécula de glicerol são fatores que alteram não só a digestibilidade dos lipídios, mas também de compostos lipossolúveis. No entanto, em ensaios biológicos é preciso abordar uma ótica multifacetada, considerando, dentro dos limites técnicos da experimentação animal, as diversas interações que se apresentam. Os fatores fisiológicos da ave, principalmente aqueles ligados à digestão, são de extrema importância na condução de estudos de nutrição. Existe uma infinidade de interações físico-químicas durante o processo digestivo, no qual a microbiota intestinal exerce importantes funções. A modulação dos microrganismos presentes no trato gastrintestinal do frango tem influência direta e indireta no aproveitamento da dieta, com mérito em destaque dobrado, especialmente diante dos desafios enfrentados após a União Europeia vetar o uso de antibióticos em rações para animais. Ao longo dos anos, foram realizadas pesquisas que demonstraram o efeito negativo da proliferação indesejada de microrganismos sobre a digestão dos lipídios, afetando principalmente fontes lipídicas com grandes quantidades de ácidos graxos saturados, que são mais susceptíveis às condições inadequadas da digestão. Esse efeito ocorre pela ação da coliltaurina hidrolase bacteriana, que causa desconjugação dos sais biliares endógenos das aves, prejudicando a emulsificação dos lipídios e a consequente formação de micelas. Portanto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar dietas contendo óleo de soja ou sebo bovino suplementadas com lisofosfolipídios e ácidos orgânicos, explorando as possíveis interações e benefícios que podem haver na associação desses dois aditivos Oils and fats, so named because of their origin, are internationally indispensable ingredients in feed formulation for success in broilers production. The lipids coming from the diet are major suppliers of energy and essential fatty acids for metabolism. The nutrient utilization is dependent on digestibility, which, in turn, is influenced by the chemical composition of the lipid molecules. Characteristics related to the length of the carbon chain, presence or not of double bonds, links configuration (cis or trans), presence of fatty acids in the form of triglycerides or free fatty acids and the position of fatty acids in the glycerol molecule are factors that alter not only the digestibility of lipids, but also fat-soluble compounds. However, in biological assays, a multifaceted vision approach is required, considering, within the technical limits of animal experimentation, the various existing interactions. The physiological factors of the bird, especially those related to digestion, are extremely important in the conduction of nutrition studies. There is an infinity of physical and chemical interactions during the digestive process, in which the intestinal microbiota plays important roles. Modulation of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the chicken has direct and indirect influence on the diet utilization, with merit in featured folded, especially considering the challenges faced after the European Union prohibit the use of antibiotics in animal feeds. Over the years, researches have shown the negative effect of undesired proliferation of microorganisms on the lipid digestion, mainly affecting lipid sources with large amounts of saturated fatty acids, which are more susceptible to poor digestion conditions. Such effect occurs by the bacterial cholyltaurine hydrolase activity, causing deconjugation of endogenous bile salts of birds, damaging the emulsification of lipids and the consequent micelles formation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate diets containing soybean oil or beef tallow supplemented with lysophospholipids and organic acids, exploring the possible interactions and benefits that can occur in the combination of these two additives

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T15:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-11-04T10:15:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2014000400017.pdf: 134577 bytes, checksum: 549a804de74ae7dfa7f72145f44f56ff (MD5) Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) The effects of the dietary substitution of dry corn by high-moisture corn grain silage (HMCGS) were evaluated on the performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters of broilers reared in an alternative production system and submitted to different environmental temperatures. A total of 288 one-day-old male Cobb chicks were distributed according to a randomized block design in a 3x4 factorial arrangement: three environmental temperatures (hot, thermoneutral or cold) and four levels of HMCGS in substitution of dry corn (0%, 20%, 40% or 60%). The acid analysis showed that the evaluated HMCGS contained average percentage values of ethanol, lactic acid, and acetic acid (expressed in 100% of dry matter) of 0.7690, 2.7320 and 0.0249%, respectively. Propionic and butyric acids were not detected. Dry corn and HMCGS presented pH values of 5.8 and 3.3, respectively. The inclusion of HMCGS reduced dietary pH, as shown by the values of 5.7, 5.4, 5.1 and 4.8 recorded for the diets containing 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of HMCGS, respectively. There was no significant interaction between diets and environmental temperature. HMCGS may replace up to 40% dry corn in broiler diets when performance, triglyceride levels, and HDL-cholesterol ratio is considered, and up to 60% when nutrient digestibility is evaluated. High environmental temperature impairs broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemistry, demonstrating the influence of environmental temperature on broiler metabolism and performance. Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP Dracena, Anim Sci Sch, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP Botucatu, Sch Vet Med &Anim Sci, Dept Anim Breeding &Nutr, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP Botucatu, Inst Biosci, Dept Physiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo USP Pirassununga, Sch Vet Med &Anim Sci, Dept Anim Nutr &Prod, Sao Paulo, Brazil State Univ Maringa UEM Maringa, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP Dracena, Anim Sci Sch, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP Botucatu, Sch Vet Med &Anim Sci, Dept Anim Breeding &Nutr, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP Botucatu, Inst Biosci, Dept Physiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Objetivou-se com a pesquisa avaliar o desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de inclusão de farelo de acerola em substituição ao milho e analisar a viabilidade econômica desse sistema de produção. Foram utilizados 980 pintos de corte com um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos - níveis de inclusão (0, 5, 10 e 15%) de farelo de acerola em substituição ao milho - e sete repetições com 35 aves por unidade experimental. Aos 21 e 42 dias de idade as aves foram pesadas para a mensuração dos dados de desempenho. No período de 1 a 21 dias de idade, foram observadas diferenças somente no consumo de ração e na conversão alimentar, onde a inclusão de farelo de acerola diminuiu linearmente o consumo de ração e melhorou a conversão alimentar até o nível de 10,25%. No período total de criação o tratamento controle apresentou maior peso corporal. A conversão alimentar apresentou efeito linear, piorando os resultados com o aumento da quantidade de farelo de acerola nas dietas. Nesse mesmo período, não houve diferença significativa no consumo de ração e no fator de produção. Quanto à análise econômica, verificou-se que o menor custo final por frango foi observado nas dietas com 10% de inclusão de farelo de acerola em substituição ao milho.

This study aimed to evaluate diets supplemented with prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic as an alternative to antibiotics on the performance and immune response against the virus of Newcastle disease in broiler chickens. 1,400 one-day old male Cobb 500 chicks were raised until 42 days old in a completely randomized design with 2x2+1 factorial scheme with seven replications. The treatments were: diet without supplementation (base diet - BD), BD + prebiotic, BD + probiotic, BD + symbiotic (prebiotic + probiotic), and BD + antibiotic. The parameters evaluated were performance and antibody serum titers against Newcastle disease. No antibiotic effect was observed on performance. The symbiotic provided better results for weight gain and feed:gain ratio until 21 days old than isolated additives. At 28 days old, the broilers fed diets with prebiotic presented better feed: gain ratio. In the same period (28 d-old), there was an antibody production increase against the Newcastle disease virus in the group supplemented with prebiotic. It can be concluded that the utilization of symbiotic in broiler chickens' diets can substitute performance enhancing antibiotics. The inclusion of prebiotic in the diet improves feed: gain ratio at 1-28 days old. The chickens' immune response increases at 28 days against the Newcastle disease virus in the group supplemented with prebiotic.

As aflatoxinas são responsáveis por grandes prejuízos à saúde de aves comerciais e à produção animal, essencialmente por perda financeira decorrente de diminuição de ganho de peso dos animais. A detoxificação da ração ou de suas matérias-primas, bem como tentativas de diminuir a contaminação fúngica que leva à produção das toxinas, além de técnicas nutricionais, são métodos que podem ser adotados para tentar diminuir os efeitos deletérios sobre os frangos de corte. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão é mostrar o que a ciência fornece como meios de detoxificação e/ou redução de contaminação por fungos; e algumas substâncias naturais que auxiliam a produção avícola na redução de micotoxicoses . Aflatoxins are answerable for large losses for the health of commercial birds and for the animal production, essentially by financial losses due to animal body weight diminution. Detoxification of feed or its raw materials, well as attempts of diminution of fungal contamination that leads to toxins production, beyond of nutritional techniques, are methods that can be adopted trying to diminish deleterious effects among broiler chickens. This way, the objective of this review is to show what science supplies like ways of detoxification and/or reduction of contamination by fungi, and some natural substances that help poultry production on reduce mycotoxicosis.