Search

A resistência de força isométrica dos membros superiores é importante para o desempenho no Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Resultados contraditórios são reportados na literatura sobre o seu desempenho após lutas de BJJ. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a sua resposta, por meio do teste denominado tempo máximo de sustentação na barra, utilizando a pegada na lapela do quiimono, presa à barra fixa em atletas de BJJ, após uma simulação de luta em atletas competidores. Materiais e métodos: Vinte lutadores de BJJ realizaram o tempo máximo de sustentação na barra com quimono nos momentos pré e pós (15 minutos) de simulação de luta com duração de 10 minutos. O teste t pareado (P < 0,05) foi utilizado para comparar a média do tempo máximo de sustentação entre os dois momentos. Resultados: Houve um decrésimo (P < 0,05) no tempo máximo de sustentação na barra entre os momentos pré (65,5 s ± 16,78 s) e pós (49,75 s ± 15,01 s). Conclusões: Simulação de luta de BJJ com duração de 10 minutos diminui a força isométrica dos membros superiores, mensurada pelo teste do tempo máximo de sustentação na barra com quimono. Além disso, 15 min é insuficiente para a resistência de força se restaurar em relação aos valores de base. ABSTRACT Isometric strength endurance performances after bjj match in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes The isometric strength endurance (ISE) of upper limbs is important for the performance in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Contraditory results are reported in the literature about their behavior after BJJ match. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate this response through the maximum static lift (MSL) using the kimono lapel grip holding around the bar in BJJ athletes after one simulated match. Materials and methods: Twenty BJJ fighters performed MSL using the kimono lapel grip holding around the bar in the following moments: pre and pos (15 min) simulated match lasting 10 min. The paired t-test was utilized (P

O levantamento de peso olímpico (LPO) é uma das modalidades esportivas mais antigas dos Jogos Olímpicos da era moderna. Além disso, há bastante tempo é difundido o seu uso como forma de melhora do desempenho em diversas modalidades esportivas. Em relação à literatura internacional, é possível encontrar vasto número de publicações sobre o tema, porém, no âmbito nacional ainda é escasso estudos acerca do LPO. Adicionalmente, entre muitos profissionais da área da saúde como preparadores físicos, fisioterapeutas, médicos, e até atletas, ainda há aversão à utilização de exercícios de LPO, por considerarem o mesmo altamente lesivo. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo objetivou demonstrar alguns benefícios da sua prática, contribuindo para desmistificar alguns paradigmas e emitir opinião crítica embasada cientificamente sobre o assunto. ABSTRACT The benefits of olympic weight lifting The Olympic weightlift (OW) is one of the oldest sports of the Olympic Games of the modern era. Furthermore, for a long time it is widespread its use as performance improves so in various sports. Regarding the international literature, one can find large number of publications about the topic, however, at the national level is still scarce studies with OW. Additionally, among many professional health area as physical trainers, physiotherapists, doctors, and even athletes, there is aversion to the use of OW exercises because they consider it extremely damaging. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate some benefits of their use, contributing to demystify some paradigms and an opinion critical scientifically about the topic.

Muscle power is the product of muscle force and velocity, which translates into the ability to produce force in a short time interval. Periodic evaluations of strength and power, coupled with training strategies for these capacities, are of great value to athletes and multi-sports coaches, since they are key determinants for team success. Specifically, in rugby, where passing is a predominant and determinant element of sporting success, few field tests are available for assessing upper limb muscle power. The purpose of this point of view is to correct the upper limb power prediction equation previously published by our group and to highlight its concepts and applicability in sports, especially in rugby.

Purpose: Clinical significance of cardiac biomarkers response in ultra-endurance runners are not completely elucidated because events vary in distance/duration and competitors modulate running intensity according to individual running capacity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-selected exercise intensity with cardiac biomarkers comparing experienced (EXP, N = 11) and novice (NOV, N = 14) runners able to finish a 24h ultramarathon (24UM) with significant differences in performance. Methods: Cardiac biomarkers (i.e. CKMB/totalCK, cTnT and NT-proBNP), inflammatory markers (i.e. leukocytes and CRP) and cortisol were analyzed before and after a 24UM. Results: EXP finished the race with significant (p < 0.05) longer distance than NOV (158.8 ± 15.8 vs 116.8 ± 10.3 Km). Two-way mixed ANOVA showed significant time × performance level interaction with greater increase of cTnT (F(1,23) = 6.18, p = 0.021), NT-proBNP (F(1,23) = 9.27, p = 0.006) and cortisol (F(1, 23) = 5.13, p = 0.03) in the EXP group. CKMB/totalCK (F(1, 23) = 71.90, p < 0.0001) decreased while leukocytes (F(1, 23) = 100.06, p < 0.0001) and CRP (F(1, 23) = 93.37, p < 0.0001) increased in both groups (main effect of time). Correlations were found between 24UM distance and cortisol (r = 0.58; p = 0.002), CKMB (r = 0.47; p = 0.017), cTnT (r = 0.44; p = 0.027) or NT-proBNP (r = 0.56; p = 0.003). Cortisol and NT-proBNP were also significantly correlated (r = 0.51; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Although there is no clear evidence of cardiac risk when comparing cardiac biomarkers levels with clinical cut-off values, cardiac biomarkers are associated with running performance and pituitary-adrenocortical system response. In EXP runners, higher levels of cardiac biomarkers and cortisol suggest a more hemodynamically challenged heart during prolonged endurance exercise.

Objetivou-se verificar a concordância e predição da potência muscular de membros superiores (PMS) a partir da distância do teste de Arremesso de Medicine Ball (AMB) em jogadores de rugby. Participaram do estudo 18 jogadores amadores de rugby (11 homens) os quais realizaram o teste AMB e o exercício de supino reto na barra guiada com acelerômetro Myotest® nas intensidades de 30%, 40%, 50% e 60% de 1RM. A regressão linear foi utilizada para derivar a equação de predição da potência a partir da distância no AMB. A análise de resíduo estimou o erro residual dos valores preditos, utilizando os valores obtidos pelo Myotest® como referência. O método leave-one-out foi adotado para aferir o erro da equação em subconjuntos da amostra. O modelo de Bland-Altman verificou a concordância entre potência predita pelo AMB e valores obtidos do Myotest® de forma absoluta Watts (W) e relativa à massa isenta de gordura (W/kg). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre os métodos (r=0,834, 0872 e 0,854) para as intensidades de 30%, 40% e 50% de 1RM, respectivamente. O viés de medida na análise absoluta foi de -1,87 W (p

A perda hídrica é uma importante variável a ser controlada no processo de treinamento dos praticantes de artes marciais. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a perda hídrica antes e após uma sessão de treino de praticantes de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Participaram do estudo 10 homens adultos praticantes de BJJ com diferentes graduações. Para análise da perda hídrica foi utilizada as diferenças entre os valores iniciais e finais da sessão de treino na massa corporal (MC). O test t pareado foi utilizado para comparar os momentos pré e pós-treino. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p

Abstract Aims: To investigate the effect of 12 weeks of intradialytic aerobic training on serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and functional capacity. Methods: Thirty sedentary volunteers were randomly assigned to either to exercise or control group. Exercise group were submitted to 12 weeks of aerobic training performed on a cycle ergometer for 30 minutes at intensity rated using the Borg scale (6 to 7) three times a week while control group kept the daily habits. Results: After 12 weeks only exercise group presented a significant reduction of serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha and an increase in serum levels of interleukin-10 and functional capacity. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of intradialytic aerobic training was effective in controlling inflammation and improving the functional ability of patients with chronic kidney disease.

O objetivo foi investigar o efeito crônico do treinamento de força e técnico-tático na capacidade de sprints repetidos (CSR) em atletas de basquete e posteriormente, comparar as respostas individuais com as da equipe. A amostra investigada foi constituída de 8 atletas de basquete adultas de nível estadual (21,5 ± 2,0 anos; 170 ± 4,2 cm; 68,0 ± 8,3 kg). O estudo foi conduzido no início e final de uma pré-temporada de 4 semanas (28 sessões de treinamento [16 técnico-táticos e 12 de força]). Foi avaliada a capacidade de sprints repetidos (CSR) pelo RAST teste calculando-se o melhor tempo de sprint (CSRmelhor) e tempo médio dos sprints (CSRmédia). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre pré e pós treinamento na CSRmelhor (p = 0.146; d = -0.78, 90% CI [0.90]) e CSRmédia (p = 0.220; d = -0.58, 90% CI [0.81]). 2 atletas apresentaram piora em CSRmelhor, 2 melhoria moderada, 1 grande e 3 sujeitos muito grande. Na CSRmédia 2 apresentaram piora, 1 melhoria moderada, 4 melhoria grande e 1 melhoria muito grande. Conclui-se que a média da equipe feminina de basquete analisada não apresentou melhoria significativa na CSR, porém, quando as atletas foram analisadas individualmente, 75% das mesmas foram responsivas a intervenção proposta.

Abstract AIMS To analyze if different resistance training (machine vs free weight) would have different acute hypotensive effect in active and normotensive individuals. METHODS Fifteen male volunteers (39.2±2.5 years) performed two different resistance exercise protocols, one on machinery and one with free weights for the similar muscle groups and volume (sets x repetitions). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured at rest and during 60 minutes after the sessions. RESULTS There was no interaction between (treatments vs time) for SBP (F 70, 84 = 0.9445, p = 0.595) and DBP (F 70, 84 = 0.5743, p = 0.991). However, significant differences for time for SBP (F 14, 84 = 7.058, p = 0.001) and DBP (F 14, 84 = 3.296, p = 0.001), and treatment for SBP (F 5, 6 = 291.1, p = 0.001) and DBP (F 5, 6 = 13.29, p = 0.003) were varified. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that both resistance training (machine or free weight) induce a similar hypotensive response for SBP in normotensive men.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura dos estudos que abordam a temática do futebol de cinco para deficientes visuais. Foram analisados estudos publicados originalmente na língua portuguesa e inglesa, tendo como referência as bases de dados PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, além da biblioteca eletrônica Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Para a busca, foram utilizados os descritores “futebol de 5”; “futebol de cinco”; futebol; soccer; “football 5-a-side”; “deficiente visual”; “deficiência visual”; “visually impaired person”; “visually impaired persons”; “blind persons”; “blind person”; paralympic isolados e/ou combinados. Os principais estudos sobre o futebol de cinco abordam o contexto histórico e apresentação da modalidade para a comunidade científica. Além disso, alguns estudos se preocuparam em analisar os aspectos táticos da modalidade, bem como lesões esportivas provenientes da prática do futebol de cinco. Estudos devem ser conduzidos procurando abordar os aspectos da organização do seu treinamento (periodização), a fisiologia específica às suas demandas, aspectos técnicos da aprendizagem, iniciação e treinamento da modalidade. ABSTRACT Football 5-a-side for visually impaired The aim of this present study was to conduct a literature review of studies that address the topic of football for visually impaired. Studies originally published in Portuguese and English were analyzed with reference databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, beyond Scielo electronic library and Google Scholar. For the research were utilized the keywords: “futebol de 5”; “futebol de cinco”; futebol; soccer; “football 5-a-side”; “deficiente visual”; “deficiência visual”; “visually impaired person”; “visually impaired persons”; “blind persons”; “blind person”; paralympic isolate and/or together. The main studies about football 5 address the historical context and presentations of the sport to the scientific community. In addition, some studies concern with analyzing tactical aspects of sport, as well as sport injuries from football practice five. Studies should be seeking to address aspects of the organization of training (periodization), specific physiology to their demands, technical aspects of learning, initiation and training of modality.

O Futebol para amputados (FA) é uma variação do futebol convencional, no qual podem participar jogadores com amputação de membro inferior (jogadores de linha) e superior (goleiro). Apesar de existir desde a década de 1980, pouco se sabe sobre o treinamento dessa modalidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever os aspectos técnicos e táticos do FA e sugerir possíveis diretrizes para melhorar o treinamento dos jogadores. Este estudo correspondeu a cinco anos de envolvimento em atividades de treinamento de equipes de FA, em âmbito nacional e internacional. As coletas de dados foram realizadas por meio de observação direta e registros das sessões de treinamentos de duas equipes (período de 2005 – 2012). Para o registro dos dados foi usado formulário específico, no qual eram catalogados os aspectos físicos, técnicos e táticos dos treinamentos. Os resultados são apresentados em valores absolutos e percentuais, além de diretrizes para o treinamento. Foram registradas 302 sessões de treinamento, observando-se que os anos 2008 (n = 68) e 2009 (n = 71) apresentaram maior quantitativo de treinamentos. Observamos que de um total de 88% das sessões de treinamento, 44% estão concentradas nas atividades iniciais e 44% na parte principal do treinamento. Os resultados indicam que o trabalho de deslocamento com as muletas constitui a parte básica dos treinamentos, seguido dos exercícios para aprimoramento dos fundamentos técnicos e táticos. Concluímos que é importante e coerente, que o processo de treinamento dessa modalidade seja baseado na dinâmica do jogo e nos fatores relacionados ao rendimento individual (fundamentos técnicos) e coletivos (táticas). Abstract Amputee football: technical, tactical and guidelines for training The amputee football (AS) is a variation of conventional football, which players can participate with lower limbs (outfield) and upper amputations (goalkeeper). Although, there is since 1980s, little is known about the training of this modality. The goal of this study was to describe technical and tactical of AS and to suggest a possible guidelines to improve the training of players. This study corresponded to five years of involvement in the training of teams of FA in national and international activities. The data collections were carried out by means of direct observation and records of sessions training of two teams (period 2005-2012). To record the data was used specific form, in which the physical, technical and tactical aspects of training were cataloged. Three hundred and two training sessions were recorded, noting that the year 2008 (n = 68) and 2009 (n = 71) had higher quantitative training. We observed that a total of 88% of the training sessions, 44% are concentrated on the initial activities and 44% in the main part of the training. The results indicate that movement with crutches is basic part of training, followed by exercise to improve technical and tactical fundaments. We conclude that is important and coherent, the training process of this modality is based on the dynamic of games and the factors related to the individual performance (technical aspects) e collective (tactical).

A habilidade de se recuperar e reproduzir performance em subsequentes estímulos intensos é uma capacidade demasiadamente importante em diversas modalidades esportivas intermitentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os estudos que investigaram de forma crônica os diferentes tempos de pausa passiva no TI, seus mecanismos fisiológicos/adaptativos, a manipulação de suas variáveis e os aspectos de performance. Analisamos os mais relevantes estudos científicos originais publicados nas bases de dados Science Citation, Index, Scopus, The Scielo e National Library of Medicine, combinando as seguintes palavras chave: (recovery, repeated sprint, high intensity, interval training, rest interval). Dois estudos encontraram melhora nas pausas de curta duração e outros três estudos não observaram diferença entre os diferentes tempos de pausa passiva. Ainda não há um consenso na literatura sobre qual tempo de pausa é mais eficiente para a performance crônica do TI de alta intensidade. ABSTRACT Effects of different passive pause time during interval high intensity training The ability to recovery and reproduce performance in subsequent intense stimulus is an important to several intermittent sports. The aim of this study was to review the studies that investigated chronically different pause times passive in TI, its physiological mechanisms / adaptive manipulation of its variables and aspects of performance. Were selected articles published at journals indexed in the basis PubMed, Science Citation, Index, Scopus, The Scielo and National Library of Medicine correlating the key words: recovery, sprint repeated, high intensity, Interval training and rest interval. Two studies found improvement with a short recovery and three other studies found no difference between the different rest passive. There is still no consensus in the literature about what pause time is more efficient for the performance of chronic high intensity TI.

Brief moments of blood flow occlusion followed by reperfusion may promote enhancements in exercise performance. Thus, this study assessed the 24-h effect of post-exercise ischemic conditioning (PEIC) on exercise performance and physiological variables in trained cyclists. In a randomized, single-blind study, 28 trained cyclists (27.1 ± 1.4 years) performed a maximal incremental cycling test (MICT). The outcome measures were creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness and perceived recovery status, heart rate, perceived exertion and power output. Immediately after the MICT, the cyclists performed 1 of the following 4 interventions: 2 sessions of 5-min occlusion/5-min reperfusion (PEIC or SHAM, 2 x 5) or 5 sessions of 2-min occlusion/2-min reperfusion (PEIC or SHAM, 5 x 2). The PEIC (50 mm Hg above the systolic blood pressure) or SHAM (20 mm Hg) treatment was applied unilaterally on alternating thighs. At 24 h after the interventions, a second MICT was performed. In all the groups, the CK levels were increased compared with the baseline (p < 0.05) after the 24-h MICT. The PEIC groups (2 x 5 and 5 x 2) felt more tired at 24 h post intervention (p < 0.05). However, both PEIC groups maintained their performance (2 x 5: p = 0.819; 5 x 2: p = 0.790), while the SHAM groups exhibited decreased performance at 24 h post intervention compared to baseline (2 x 5: p = 0.015; 5 x 2: p = 0.045). A decrease in the maximal heart rate (HR) was found only in the SHAM 2 x 5 group (p = 0.015). There were no other significant differences in the heart rate, power output or perceived exertion after 24 h compared with the baseline values for any of the interventions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, PEIC led to maintained exercise performance 24 h post intervention in trained cyclists.

Abstract AIMS We evaluated whether exercise training ameliorates cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in obesity-induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. METHODS Wistar male rats were assigned in normal diet, sedentary (ND-S) and trained (ND-T) and HFD, sedentary (HFD-S) and trained (HFD-T). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), BP variability (BPV), cardiac baroreflex and cardiac autonomic tonus were assessed. RESULTS HFD-S showed higher bodyweight increase (19.4%) compared to all other groups (HFD-T: 13.2%, ND-S: 14% and ND-T: 12.4%). Relative epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral fat was also greater in HFD-S compared to all other groups. Resting bradycardia in ND-T (339.5±10.6 bpm) and HFD-T (341.0 ± 9.4 bpm) was more pronounced than ND-S (438.4 ± 6.3 bpm; p

This study evaluated the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on a high-intensity intermittent exercise performance and physiological indicators in amateur soccer players. Thirteen players (21.5 ± 2 yrs) attended three trials separated by 3–5 days in a counterbalanced randomized cross-over design: IPC (4 × 5-min occlusion 220 mmHg/reperfusion 0 mmHg) in each thigh; SHAM (similar to the IPC protocol but “occlusion” at 20 mmHg) and control (seated during the same time of IPC). After 6-min of each trial (IPC, SHAM or control), the players performed the YoYo Intermittent Endurance Test level 2 (YoYoIE2). The distance covered in the YoYoIE2 (IPC 867 ± 205 m; SHAM 873 ± 212 m; control 921 ± 206 m) was not different among trials (p = 0.10), furthermore, lactate concentration and rate of perceived exertion did not differ (P > 0.05) among protocols. There were also no significant differences in either mean heart rate (HR) or peak HR (p > 0.05) for both IPC and SHAM compared to control. Therefore, we conclude that acute IPC does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in amateur soccer players and that rate of perceived exertion, heart rate and lactate do not differ between the intervention IPC, SHAM and control.

Obesity is a type of chronic inflammatory disease (CID) which kills millions of people in the world. It is alarming in recent decades as the number of children is being diagnosed with overweight and / or obesity. Inflammatory Markers (IM) produced by various cells of our body is associated with excess body fat and other CID risk factors. It is important to identify in early age IM behavior in obese children and associate them in physical exercise programs as a CID preventive measure. Aiming to fill this gap, this literature review talk about the IM behavior of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and adiponectin at rest and chronic effects of exercise . It is concluded that many IM show in our biological systems similar and different behaviors; Levels of CRP and TNF- α are elevated in obese children. The same do not occur in relation to concentration of IL-6; It were not be found studies about the expression of IL-18 in obese children at rest or engaged in regular physical exercise; levels of adiponectin are low in obese children at rest; Regular physical exercise reduces chronically levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in obese children and increase levels of adiponectin.

The aim of this study was to investigate the morpho-physiological responses arising from the work of resistance exercise in the elderly. The study included 12 subjects of both sexes, aged between 55 and 65 years, divided into control group and training group, underwent 8 weeks (24 sessions) of strength training. There was improvement in flexibility, maximum oxygen uptake and strength in the trained group, comparing values ​​before and after training.

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar trabalhos que investigaram os efeitos do treinamento de força (TF) para o desempenho de endurance. Os principais fatores fisiológicos determinantes das provas de endurance (PE) são o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), o limiar anaeróbio (LAn) e a economia de movimento (EM). Ambos VO2max e LAn são bem estimulados com meios e métodos tradicionais de treinamento e essas duas variáveis parecem ser pouco sensíveis ao TF em pessoas treinadas. Por outro lado, a EM pode ser aperfeiçoada com o TF, mesmo em indivíduos bem treinados em endurance. Portanto, concluímos que o TF colabora para a melhora na endurance, por meio do incremento da EM, e esses resultados sugerem mudança de paradigma na periodização do treinamento de PE. Palavras chave: fundistas; treinamento de potência; exercícios com pesos; performance. The aim of this study was to review studies that analyzed the effects of resistance training (RT) on endurance performance. The main physiological determinants of endurance events is the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic threshold (AT) and economy of movement (EM). Both, VO2max and AT, are very encouraged with the means and traditional methods of training and these two variables appear to be few sensitive to people already trained in RT. On the other hand, EM can be improved with the RT even in endurance-trained individuals. Therefore, we conclude that RT contributes to the improvement in endurance, through the increase in EM, and these results suggest a paradigm shift in periodization training of endurance events. Key words: distance runners; power training; resistance training; performance.

Abstract Background: Alterations in the structure of resistance vessels contribute to elevated systemic vascular resistance in hypertension and are linked to sympathetic hyperactivity and related lesions in target organs. Objective: To assess the effects of exercise training on hemodynamic and autonomic parameters, as well as splenic arteriolar damages in male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Methods: Normotensive sedentary (WKYS) and trained (WKYT) rats, and hypertensive sedentary (SHRS) and trained (SHRT) rats were included in this study. After 9 weeks of experimental protocol (swimming training or sedentary control), arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in freely moving rats. We assessed the autonomic control of the heart by sympathetic and vagal autonomic blockade. Morphometric analyses of arterioles were performed in spleen tissues. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Resting bradycardia was observed in both trained groups (WKYT: 328.0 ± 7.3 bpm; SHRT: 337.0 ± 5.2 bpm) compared with their respective sedentary groups (WKYS: 353.2 ± 8.5 bpm; SHRS: 412.1 ± 10.4 bpm; p < 0.001). Exercise training attenuated mean AP only in SHRT (125.9 ± 6.2 mmHg) vs. SHRS (182.5 ± 4.2 mmHg, p < 0.001). The WKYT showed a higher vagal effect (∆HR: 79.0 ± 2.3 bpm) compared with WKYS (∆HR: 67.4 ± 1.7 bpm; p < 0.05). Chronic exercise decreased sympathetic effects on SHRT (∆HR: -62.8 ± 2.8 bpm) in comparison with SHRS (∆HR: -99.8 ± 9.2 bpm; p = 0.005). The wall thickness of splenic arterioles in SHR was reduced by training (332.1 ± 16.0 µm2 in SHRT vs. 502.7 ± 36.3 µm2 in SHRS; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Exercise training attenuates sympathetic activity and AP in SHR, which may be contributing to the morphological improvement of the splenic arterioles.

Abstract We evaluated the effect of performing various distinct warm-up exercises on vertical countermovement jump (VCMJ) performance. Eight volleyball players (age 15.4 ± 0.5 yrs) performed five different warm-up activities (in a counterbalanced, randomized crossover study) over five days, at 24-h intervals: stretching (4 × 30 s, 30 s between sets), cycloergometer (5 min at 50 W + 5 min at 100 W), resistance exercise (leg press 45°, 3 × 5 repetitions maximum, 3-min pause between sets), specific vertical jumping (4 × 10 VCMJ, 2-min pause between sets), and no warm-up at all (control condition). Beginning 3 min after their warm-up, the players performed 3 attempts (at intervals of 3 min) of VCMJ (on a contact carpet), and each player's best jump was considered in the analysis. All warm-up activities presented higher VCMJ performance (p< 0.05) than the control condition, with the exception of stretching. Vertical jumping revealed a large effect size(0.8) than other interventions. We conclude that in practical terms, vertical jumps are the best warm-up exercise (when applied by itself) to acutely improve VCMJ performance in volleyball players, but that other exercises can make a complementary contribution.

Resumo O estudo analisou a imunidade oral após treino de rúgbi em atletas submetidos à dieta com alto teor de carboidratos (DATC). Em estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e placebo controlado, 20 atletas consumiram DATC por três dias antes do experimento. Os atletas receberam aleatoriamente bebida carboidratada (CHO) ou placebo (PLA) e participaram de duas sessões de treino de rúgbi, separados por sete dias. Coletas de saliva foram feitas antes (Pré-E), imediatamente após (Pós-E) e 1 h após (1 h Pós-E) o jogo-treino. Houve diferença significativa em taxa de secreção de IgA-s para PLA somente no tempo 1 h Pós-E. DATC, dias antes de treino de rúgbi, preserva função imunológica oral independente da suplementação de CHO durante treino.

Abstract This study examined gender differences after resistance exercise (RE) by measuring fasting plasma levels of creatine kinase, lipid profile, blood glucose, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and leptin. Thirteen women (23.6 ± 7.3 years) and 11 men (29.5 ± 9 years) were enrolled in the study. Two bouts of RE were performed on two different occasions separated by 48 h each. Blood samples were collected and analyzed at baseline and 15 h after the last RE session. Increased creatine kinase levels and improvements in lipid profile and blood glucose were found for both genders. No changes in adiponectin and TNF-α levels were observed for both genders, but leptin levels were reduced (p < 0.05) only for women after RE. Collectively, our findings clearly show that RE was effective in lowering blood glucose and that this effect was not accompanied by changes in adiponectin levels in healthy subjects, indicating that RE is still an important tool for the prevention of metabolic diseases. Furthermore, two sessions of RE promoted a reduction in leptin levels in women, even though no changes in body weight were found, showing that RE is an interesting approach to study obese patients and metabolic regulation.