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The aim of this systematic review was to update an existing review on the management of dental caries lesions in patients with disabilities so as to provide an up-to-date summary of the evidence. Randomized clinical trials and cohort studies related to preventive and restorative programmes for dental caries among people requiring special care, published in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French and German languages from February 1st 2011 to April 1st 2022, were retrieved from three databases (“updated review”). From the 1,105 titles identified using the search topic “Caries AND Disability”, 17 papers informed in the analyses: 6 referring to caries preventive strategies and 11 related to restorative care strategies. Most of these studies targeted children and adults with intellectual/physical disability, although preventive and therapeutic strategies were also reported for frail older adults and onchohematological patients. Fluorides in tablets, gels or varnishes forms and the use of xylitol as a sugar substitute were reported as effective approach to prevent the onset of caries in high-risk groups. Minimally intervention treatment options such as the Hall technique, the ART approach and the use of SDF for arresting caries, were deemed suitable and effective strategies for treating existing lesions in-office. In conclusion, in the past decade (2011–2022) an increased number of articles reported strategies to prevent and manage caries among people requiring special care. Although an array of preventive and therapeutic strategies for dental caries exists, more and better-quality clinical evidence is needed to offer guidance to inform policy and practice for special care dentistry.

Kombucha is a beverage obtained from fermentation of Camellia sinensis tea using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). This association of bacteria and yeasts can be an interesting source of microorganisms for developing fermented beverages, including beer. The objective of this study was to evaluate kombucha SCOBY and commercial brewing yeast as a starter culture for the elaboration of beer. Three assays were performed to develop the beverage (C = control, KL = kombucha + yeast, K = kombucha). The pH, density, carbohydrates, organic acids and ethanol were evaluated during fermentation. Microbial counts (yeasts and mesophilic bacteria) and volatile compounds were recorded at the initial and final fermentation times. The content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, color and bitterness (IBU) of the beers were determined. The results showed that kombucha-fermented wort produces a beer with differentiated characteristics. Increased lactic acid (0.73 g/L) and low alcohol content (1.3%) were observed in the K assay. Further, desired volatile compounds, such as ethyl octanoate, phenethyl acetate and 2-phenylethanol, were also found in this beer. The combination of kombucha and commercial yeast for beer production showed carbohydrate consumption and contents of organic acids similar to those of control beer, producing beers with an alcohol content of 5.9%. From the results, it was possible to observe a tendency for the content of total phenolic compounds (37.57, 33.00 and 31.64 mg/100 mL for K, KY and C assays, respectively) to increase when the wort was inoculated with kombucha. There was no difference in the antioxidant activity of the produced beers. All produced beers showed a yellowish color and a bitterness value (IBU) of 27%. The present study showed that adding kombucha as a starter culture produced beer with differentiated properties, such as high antioxidant activity, low alcohol content and sour characteristics.

Abstract Caries management at the lesion level is dependent on the lesion activity, the presence of a cavitation (either cleanable or non-cleanable), and lesion depth as evaluated via radiographic examination. A variety of non-invasive, micro-invasive, and minimally invasive treatment (with or without restoration) options are available for primary and permanent teeth. Non-invasive strategies include oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, and personal as well as professional use of fluoridated products that reduce demineralization and increase re-mineralization. Micro-invasive procedures include the use of occlusal resin sealants and resin infiltrants, while minimally invasive strategies comprise those related to selective removal of caries tissues and placement of restorations. Deep caries management includes indirect pulp capping, while exposed pulp may be treated using direct pulp capping and partial or complete pulpotomy. The aim of the present study was to review available evidence on recommended preventive and restorative strategies for caries lesions in Latin American/Caribbean countries, and subsequently develop evidence-based recommendations for treatment options that take into consideration material availability, emphasize ways to adapt available treatments to the local context, and suggest ways in which dentists and health systems can adopt these treatments.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes. The weight gain, especially the accumulation of central adipose tissue, may be the first leading cause of the MetS. It is important to highlight that the lifestyle choices considered as modifiable risk factors contribute to the increase in the incidence of the MetS in the population, such as sedentarism and food intake. There is evidence in the literature concerning the benefits associated with the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in polyphenols. Therefore, the flavonoids are a class of non-nutrient that can be extensively studied mainly to elucidate the mechanisms related to the action of these compounds in the modulation of the microbiota, DNA methylation and health improvement. Thus, this review summarized evidence linking flavonoid intake to obesity, insulin resistance, T2DM and cardiovascular diseases.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most frequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma in pediatric patients, accounting for approximately 34% of the cases of lymphoma in children. This subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was first described in 1958 as a monoclonal proliferation of B cell lymphocytes. Cardiac involvement of BL in association with osseous compromise and lymphadenopathy is rare and poorly documented. We report a case of femur primary BL in an 8-year-old boy with metastatic cardiac involvement, retroperitoneal and iliofemoral lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. We highlight the diagnostic challenge in a patient with clinical nonspecific findings and systemic disease.

El síndrome de Li-Fraumeni se caracteriza por la aparición de tumores en múltiples órganos, generalmente a temprana edad. Esta condición hereditaria es causada por mutaciones germinales en el gen TP53, que codifica el gen supresor tumoral p53. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 31 años con diagnóstico clínico y molecular de síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, que presentó dos tumores sincrónicos a los 31 años: un leiomiosarcoma de antebrazo y un tumor filoides de mama. Tenía el antecedente de un hijo con diagnóstico de carcinoma cortical suprarrenal a los tres años, que falleció a los cinco años debido a la enfermedad. Además, su abuela y su bisabuela maternas habían fallecido de cáncer gástrico a los 56 y 60 años, respectivamente, y la madre y una hermana de su abuelo materno presentaron cáncer de mama pasados los 60 y los 40 años de edad, respectivamente. Después de una asesoría genética, se ordenó hacer la secuenciación completa y el análisis de duplicaciones y deleciones en el gen TP53. El estudio molecular en una muestra de ADN proveniente de linfocitos de sangre periférica reveló la mutación germinal c.527G>T (p.Cys176Phe) en el exón 5 del gen, mutación deletérea descrita anteriormente en tejidos tumorales. Hasta donde se sabe, este es el primer caso que se publica en Colombia de síndrome de Li-Fraumeni con diagnóstico molecular confirmado. El diagnóstico y el manejo del síndrome de Li-Fraumeni deben estar a cargo de un equipo multidisciplinario, y debe contarse con asesoría genética para el paciente y sus familiares.

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy constitute one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality across the world and particularly in developing countries such as Ecuador. However, despite its impact on public health, the primary pathophysiological processes involved are yet to be elucidated. It has been proposed, among other theories, that an abnormal placentation may induce an endothelial dysfunction, which is ultimately responsible for the final clinical manifestations. Mitochondria, particularly from trophoblastic cells, are responsible for the production of energy, which is extremely important for normal placentation. The malfunction in this supply of energy may produce higher levels of free radicals. In both production of energy and free radicals, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a crucial role in electron transport. As such, the role of CoQ10 in the genesis and prevention of preeclampsia has become the focus of a number of research groups, including that of the authors. Developing an in-depth understanding of these mechanisms might allow us to design new and feasible strategies with which we can reduce preeclampsia, particularly in the Latin-American countries.

INTRODUCTION:Persons unable to access oral health care in the conventional primary health care setting suffer from inequalities in oral health, particularly in terms of unmet dental need. The International Classification of Functioning, disability and health (ICF) is designed to look beyond medical diagnosis and to describe individuals or populations in terms of their ability to function and participate in a social environment. The objective of the study was to describe an adult population requiring specialist oral health care using the ICF and to identify common factors of functioning, participation and environmental context. METHOD:The ICF Checklist for Oral Health was completed for 246 participants from five specialist dental services in five countries (mean age 36 ±16.44 years; 16-92). 'Developmental disability' and 'Medically compromised' groups were identified (72% and 28%). RESULTS:Participants presented with oral disease (92%) and dysfunction (66% impaired chewing). 33 ICF items were affected in over 50% of participants in both groups. Impaired body functions included 'ingestion functions', 'energy and drive functions' and 'emotional functions'. Participation was restricted for "Acquiring, keeping and terminating a job", "Intimate relationships", "Handling stress and psychological demands", "Economic self-sufficiency", "Carrying out a daily routine", "Recreation and leisure", "Community life" and "Looking after one's health". In the environment domain, "Support and relationships" and "Attitudes" were rated as facilitators. Environmental barriers reported for over 25% of the whole group were related to "Services, systems and policies" including, health, social security, general support, transportation, and labour and employment. DISCUSSION AND PERSPECTIVES:Common aspects of functioning, participation and environment were found amongst a heterogeneous population of adults attending specialist dental services, alongside poor oral health and function. The ICF may be used to describe populations that suffer inequality in oral health in order to develop services that effectively target those in need of additional means.

En la literatura existen pocos estudios acerca de la distribución de Staphylococcus spp en boca y los que hay sobre estos microorganismos como residentes de la cavidad oral son controversiales.El género Staphylococcus spp conforma un importante grupo de patógenos en el ser humano y origina distintas enfermedades, entre ellas, la Endocarditis Infecciosa; de igual forma, la literatura reporta tasas de resistencia a amoxicilina y clindamicina antibióticos usados comúnmente para la profilaxis en odontología. Objetivo: Conocer la sensibilidad de Staphylococcus spp a amoxicilina y la clindamicina aislados de cavidad oral de pacientes con alto riesgo de Endocarditis Infecciosa.

Os dados coletados na cidade de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, referentes ao consumo e à aceitação do leite e seus derivados foram utilizados para se traçar o perfil do consumo desses produtos, gerando subsídios para entendimento mais amplo sobre o mercado consumidor de leite. Trezentos indivíduos responderam à pesquisa que avaliou o grau de aceitação e frequência de consumo do leite e produtos derivados. Observou-se que o mais importante para o consumidor, no momento da compra, encontra-se na relação entre preço e qualidade do produto, e aproximadamente metade dos entrevistados (48,17%) tem preferência pelo leite integral, seguido pelo desnatado com 26,20%. Entretanto, constatou-se que 8,73% dos entrevistados declararam não consumir leite, e a maior parte dos casos justifica-se por possuírem algum nível de intolerância à lactose. Enquanto isso, o iogurte e os queijos foram apontados como os derivados com maior percentual de frequência de consumo e aceitação. De forma geral, os dados coletados permitem concluir que o leite e seus derivados são produtos consumidos com regularidade e seus derivados foram apontados com alto percentual de frequência de consumo e aceitação.

Os dados coletados na cidade de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, referentes ao consumo e à aceitação do leite e seus derivados foram utilizados para se traçar o perfil do consumo desses produtos, gerando subsídios para entendimento mais amplo sobre o mercado consumidor de leite. Trezentos indivíduos responderam à pesquisa que avaliou o grau de aceitação e frequência de consumo do leite e produtos derivados. Observou-se que o mais importante para o consumidor, no momento da compra, encontra-se na relação entre preço e qualidade do produto, e aproximadamente metade dos entrevistados (48,17%) tem preferência pelo leite integral, seguido pelo desnatado com 26,20%. Entretanto,constatou-se que 8,73% dos entrevistados declararam não consumir leite, e a maior parte dos casos justifica-se por possuírem algum nível de intolerância à lactose. Enquanto isso, o iogurte e os queijos foram apontados como os derivados com maior percentual defrequência de consumo e aceitação. De forma geral, os dados coletados permitem concluir que o leite e seus derivados são produtos consumidos com regularidade e seus derivados foram apontados com alto percentual de frequência de consumo e aceitação.Data collected in Maringá, Paraná State, on the acceptance and consumption of milk and its products were used to delineate the profile of consumption of these products, generating benefits for a better understanding of the consumer market for milk. A total of 300 people answered the survey that assessed the degree of acceptance and frequency of consumption of milk and its products. It was observed that the most important to the consumer at the time of purchase, is the relationship between price and quality of product, and approximately half of respondents (48.17%) prefer whole milk, followed by skimmed milk with 26.20%. However, it was found that 8.73% of respondents reported that do not consume milk, with the majority of cases justified by some level of lactose intolerance. Meanwhile, yogurt and cheese were identified as milk products with a higher percentage of frequency of use and acceptance. Overall, the data collected can conclude that milk and its products are consumed regularly and its products were identified with a high percentage of frequency of use and acceptance.

Children in dentistry are traditionally described in terms of medical diagnosis and prevalence of oral disease. This approach gives little information regarding a child's capacity to maintain oral health or regarding the social determinants of oral health. The biopsychosocial approach, embodied in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) (WHO), provides a wider picture of a child's real-life experience, but practical tools for the application of this model are lacking. This article describes the preliminary empirical study necessary for development of such a tool - an ICF-CY Core Set for Oral Health. An ICF-CY questionnaire was used to identify the medical, functional, social and environmental context of 218 children and adolescents referred to special care or paediatric dental services in France, Sweden, Argentina and Ireland (mean age 8 years ± 3.6 yrs). International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) diagnoses included disorders of the nervous system (26.1%), Down syndrome (22.0%), mental retardation (17.0%), autistic disorders (16.1%), and dental anxiety alone (11.0%). The most frequently impaired items in the ICF Body functions domain were 'Intellectual functions', 'High-level cognitive functions', and 'Attention functions'. In the Activities and Participation domain, participation restriction was frequently reported for 25 items including 'Handling stress', 'Caring for body parts', 'Looking after one's health' and 'Speaking'. In the Environment domain, facilitating items included 'Support of friends', 'Attitude of friends' and 'Support of immediate family'. One item was reported as an environmental barrier - 'Societal attitudes'. The ICF-CY can be used to highlight common profiles of functioning, activities, participation and environment shared by children in relation to oral health, despite widely differing medical, social and geographical contexts. The results of this empirical study might be used to develop an ICF-CY Core Set for Oral Health - a holistic but practical tool for clinical and epidemiological use.

This quantitative research aims to examine how different levels of motivation relate to frequency of occurrence of autonomous language learning activities undertaken by undergraduate students. Eight hundred and sixty-two college students from 10 vocational training programs of a public university located in Ecuador, South America, participated in this study. Spratt's questionnaire that regards "autonomy and motivation" as a cyclical interaction in the language learning process, was updated by the researchers, adding digital education elements. The data were analyzed using the program SPSS v24.0.0. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between: the language learning stimulation generated by professors and the participants' learning attitudes. In addition, it was determined that the most frequent language practices in which the participants showed greatest autonomy were: listening to songs in English language, worrying about the correct pronunciation, and noting down interesting words or expressions in English.