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Primary adipsia is a rare condition in which there is failure in the activation threshold of the hypothalamic osmoreceptors, leading to osmolality imbalance. Here, we reported the case of a Pit Bull dog with an altered level of consciousness (started after weaning) and adipsia. There was an increase in plasma osmolality (444 mOsm/kg), sodium (223.7 mg/dL), and chlorine (173 mg/dL) levels. Based on the suspicion of primary adipsia, water was administered via a nasogastric tube, with clinical improvement. The owner was instructed to supply water with food. Eight months after discharge, the dog returned with parvovirus and died. In the anatomopathological examination, no structural changes were observed in the central nervous system. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hypernatremia due to adipsia in a Pit Bull dog, showing that this is a differential diagnosis that should be considered in this breed. RESUMO: Adipsia primária é uma rara condição em que há falha no limiar de ativação dos osmoreceptores hipotalâmicos, levando ao desequilíbrio da osmolalidade. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um cão da raça Pit Bull apresentando alteração no nível de consciência (iniciado após o desmame) e adipsia. Foi verificado aumento da osmolalidade plasmática (444 mOsm/kg), sódio (223,7 mg/dL) e cloro (173 mg/dL). Baseado na suspeita de adipsia primária, iniciou-se administração de água via sonda nasogástrica, com melhora clínica. O tutor foi orientado a fornecer água junto a alimentação. Oito meses após alta, o paciente retornou com parvovirose e veio a óbito. No exame anatomopatológico, não foram observadas alterações estruturais no sistema nervoso central. Este é o primeiro relato de hipernatremia por adipsia em um cão Pit Bull, mostrando que este é um diagnóstico diferencial que deve ser considerado nesta raça.

The kidneys perform an essential role in the regulation of serum phosphorus concentration. In visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the decline of the glomerular filtration rate leads to hyperphosphatemia, whose primary consequence is the development of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism. This study aimed to determine the concentration of serum phosphorus, ionized calcium (Cai), urinary fractional excretion of phosphorus (uFEP), and parathormone (PTH) in azotemic and non-azotemic dogs with VL and evaluate the uFEP as a marker of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism. The study comprised 31 dogs, divided into 24 sick animals and 07 healthy animals used as a control group (GC). The sick animals were classified into groups as azotemic (GA) and non-azotemic (GNA). The serum levels of phosphorus, creatinine, Cai, and the plasma levels of PTH were measured and compared between groups. The uFEP was calculated using values of serum and urinary levels of phosphorus and creatinine. The Kruskal-Wallis test with a 0.05 significance level was used, followed by the Mann-Whitney test as a post hoc test, with a 0.016 significance level. The levels of serum phosphorus were higher in the GA group, whereas for the PTH, the GNA and GA groups demonstrated high values compared to the GC. The uFEP was significantly higher in the GA when compared to the GNA, although there was no statistical difference between the GC and the GNA. The uFEP showed to be a late marker of chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.

The urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGTu) is a precocious indicator of renal lesion and the gold standard for the measurement of its activity is the automated method, although semi-automation is often utilized and studies relating this methodology to the occurrence and intensity of analytical errors are still scarce. Therefore, this work aimed to calculate the systematic and random errors in the determination of the GGTu activity in dogs with the use of the semi-automated method and evaluate if that methodology statistically differs from the automated method. 49 dog urine samples were collected through cystocentesis and centrifuged for separation of the supernatant, which was employed for the measurement of the GGTu activity by automated (reference) and semi-automated methods. Linear regression and Pearson correlation (r) tests were employed for the establishment of the systematic error. The random error was calculated according to Westgard; Hunt (1973). Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was employed to evaluate the presence of concordance between automated and semi-automated techniques. In the analysis of results, a constant error of + 9.51 UI/L (a = 9.5118), a proportional error of – 9.37% (b=0.9063) and a random error of 9.91% was observed when the semi-automated methodology was employed. The determination (R2) and Lin coefficients were, respectively, 0.9859 with p

RESUMO O objetivo com este estudo foi comparar as técnicas de citologia aspirativa, biópsia e citobloco para identificação e quantificação parasitológica de Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi em medula óssea de cães. Amostras de tecido medular de 26 animais, em diferentes estágios clínico-laboratoriais da doença, foram estudadas obedecendo-se os mesmos critérios de investigação nas técnicas de citologia aspirativa, biópsia e citobloco. O menor número de campos para a confirmação parasitológica foi constatado no esfregaço direto obtido por citologia aspirativa. O estágio clínico-laboratorial não influenciou no número de campos necessários para a primeira visualização do agente em nenhuma das técnicas (p>0,05), e menor intensidade parasitária foi observada nas lâminas de citobloco. As técnicas de citologia aspirativa e biópsia concordaram na estimativa do coeficiente de infectividade no tecido estudado (p 0.05) and less parasitic intensity was observed in the cell block slides. The aspiration cytology and biopsy techniques agreed on the estimation of infectivity coefficient in the tissue studied (p< 0.05). Although the cell block technique allows the concentration of cells and better reutilization of samples, it has not been shown to be an adequate method for rapid identification and parasitological quantification in canine visceral leishmaniasis. Considering its advantages, aspiration cytology was the best method for microscopic detection of the parasite and determination of the level of parasite intensity in the tissue studied.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm that originates from the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and predominantly affect light-skinned animals. In dogs, breeds such as American Staffordshire Terriers, white or speckled Bull Terriers, and Beagles have a higher predisposition. Squamous cell carcinoma presents in the skin, at slightly pigmented or hairy sites, especially in digits, but also may occur in the nasal planum, oral mucosa, and rarely, in the eye. Considering that few reports have been published on eye neoplasms, the aim of this paper is to describe a dog with a lesion in the third eyelid of his right eye which was diagnosticated with squamous cell carcinoma. Case : A 10-year-old male American Staffordshire dog was admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil with injury to the right eye. During the physical examination, there was also a non-adhered lump near the foreskin, measuring 1.5 cm in diameter. In addition, there was another lump in the third eyelid of the right eye, approximately 3 mm in diameter. Cytology of the dermal nodule was performed by fine-needle aspiration cytology; however, the sample was insufficient for cytological evaluation. Therefore, the animal was placed under general anesthesia for skin lump excision and for fine-needle aspiration cytology of the third eyelid nodule. The histopathological exam revealed high cellularity of epithelial cells, intense anisocytosis and pleomorphism, cytoplasmic basophilia and vacuolation, multiple evident nucleoli, and anisocariosis and coarse chromatin. These finds were compatible with squamous cell carcinoma, which was the same result suggested by fine-needle aspiration cytology of the third eyelid sample. Based on these results, the dog underwent a surgical procedure for enucleation and subsequent histopathological evaluation of the nodule in the third eyelid, which confirmed the squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Discussion : Squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely aggressive tumor with low metastatic potential, characterized by invasion of the dermis by proliferation of malignant epithelial cells from the prickly layer. It is most common in elderly animals, and American Staffordshires are among the breeds that are predisposed to develop this tumor. The clinical presentation is highly variable, depending on the tissue involved. In this case, the dermal nodule was an elevated area on the skin and the third eyelid nodule resembled an ulcerative mass. Cytological examination from the lesion located on the third eyelid, showed malignancies cytoplasmic changes frequently found in carcinomas such as anisocytosis, cytoplasmic basophilia, and cell pleomorphism. In addition, nuclear changes had also occurred, such as crass chromatin, multiple evident nucleoli, and multinucleated cells. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on cytology and was confirmed after biopsy and histopathological examination. Because it is uncommon in dogs, squamous cell carcinoma of the third eyelid may be misdiagnosed, delaying correct treatment, and accelerating the development of the tumor. Currently, various therapeutic approaches are available, such as surgical excision, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, radiation, and hyperthermia. The choice of treatment depends on the location and stage of the lesions. Surgical treatment should be aimed at removing sufficient tissue to leave surgical margins free of neoplastic cells.

Vários fatores como desmatamento e expansão da agricultura e pecuária tem promovido o contato próximo entre animais selvagens e domésticos, levando ao compartilhamento de patógenos, dentre eles o Cytauxzoon felis. O objetivo com este trabalho é relatar um caso de cytauxzoonose em Puma concolor de vida livre proveniente da região sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. O diagnóstico foi obtido por meio de microscopia de sangue periférico e reação em cadeia da polimerase, que neste relato, caracterizou-se como achado acidental, uma vez que manifestações clínicas associadas à doença não foram observadas. A detecção de Cytauxzoon felis alerta para a necessidade de estabelecer a importância epidemiológica dos animais selvagens e o risco que representam para as populações domésticas e selvagens de cativeiro em relação aos patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos.

RESUMO Relata-se um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina com ceratoconjuntivite nodular como queixa exclusiva do proprietário. O diagnóstico se deu pela observação de formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp. no exame parasitológico direto de citologia aspirativa conjuntival. Lesões oculares raramente são queixas principais únicas de cães com leishmaniose, como o caso em questão, o que demonstra a variabilidade de apresentação clínica da doença e a importância da realização de testes laboratoriais diagnósticos para leishmaniose como triagem para pacientes de áreas endêmicas. ABSTRACT We describe a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis with nodular keratoconjunctivits as the owner’s only complaint. Diagnosis was made by the observation of Leishmania sp. amastigotes in parasitological examination from conjunctival aspirative cytology. Eye lesions are rarely the only complaint of dogs suspected of leishmaniasis, as the case reported, demonstrating the variability of clinical presentation of the disease and the importance of performing screening diagnostic laboratorial tests for leishmaniasis in endemic areas.

As lesões no miocárdio são de difícil diagnóstico e podem ser confundidas com outras enfermidades, portanto é importante a associação de diferentes métodos diagnósticos para a conclusão. Na medicina humana as troponinas são reconhecidas, há vários anos, como biomarcadores sensíveis e específicos na identificação de lesões miocárdica. As troponinas cardíacas são expressas exclusivamente pelo miocárdio e liberadas para circulação logo após uma injúria no músculo cardíaco. Essa revisão teve como objetivo abordar os diferentes tipos de troponinas, dando enfoque a sua aplicabilidade e comportamento como marcador de lesão tecidual em animais. Constatou-se se que o uso da troponina I cardíaca (cTnI), como biomarcador de injuria cardíaca, foi validada para o uso diagnóstico em diferentes espécies animais e é capaz de colaborar no diagnóstico e prognóstico das enfermidades miocárdicas, embora, não determinem o mecanismo da lesão.

RESUMO O objetivo com este estudo foi estabelecer os intervalos de referência de diferentes analitos séricos em Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus de vida livre. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 54 fêmeas e 14 machos adultos, capturados no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. A determinação das concentrações de cálcio total, albumina, colesterol total, creatinina, glicose, fósforo, proteína total, triglicerídeos e ureia séricas e a atividade das enzimas alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, creatina quinase fração MB e fosfatase alcalina foi realizada em equipamento automático. Valores de globulinas, cálcio total e proporções (razões) entre analitos foram realizados por meio de cálculo matemático. Esta é a primeira descrição do intervalo de referência de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em veado-campeiro de vida livre do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. O tamanho da amostra e a distribuição dos dados indicam que os valores médios obtidos são representativos e podem ser usados para a monitorização da saúde, do estado nutricional e do diagnóstico de enfermidades nesse estrato populacional. ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to establish the reference intervals of different serum analytes in free - living Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus. Blood samples were drawn from the 54 females and 14 males, adults, captured in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. A determination of total calcium, albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, total protein, triglycerides, and serum urea concentrations and an activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB fraction and alkaline phosphatase were performed in automated equipment. Values of globulins, total calcium and proportions among analytes were performed by means of mathematical calculations. This is a first description of the reference parameters for serum biochemistry of free - living pampas deer in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. Sample size and distribution of data indicate that the mean values obtained are representative and can be used for a health monitoring, nutritional status, and diagnosis of diseases in this population stratum.

Os compositos odontologicos fotoativados por luz visivel sao os materiais odontologicos restauradores esteticos mais utilizados atualmente. Alem disto, sao materiais restauradores diretos, assim independem de trabalho laboratorial. Dentre suas vantagens estao o controle do tempo de presa e a estetica, alem de ser desnecessaria a confeccao do preparo cavitario retentivo, preservando assim a estrutura dental. Aumento da temperatura durante a polimerizacao pode ocorrer devido a energia de radiacao fornecida pela unidade fotoativadora e reacao exotermica do composito. Durante o processo de polimerizacao, o composito sofre contracao e, dependendo da velocidade da reacao, essa contracao pode gerar grande tensao na interface dente-restauracao, desta maneira, promovendo o aparecimento de fendas e consequente falha da restauracao. Alem disso, para que o composito apresente propriedades mecânicas adequadas, e necessario que ele atinja alto grau de conversao. O grau de conversao depende da quantidade de energia que e fornecida ao composito, todavia o efeito da densidade de energia (irradiância x tempo de exposicao) nas propriedades mecânicas dos compositos odontologicos ainda nao esteja bem evidenciado. Insuficiente polimerizacao da resina composta pode gerar grande numero de problemas, tais como baixa estabilidade de cor, maior pigmentacao e risco de agressao ao tecido pulpar pela nao polimerizacao de monomeros e existencia de parte do material com diferentes valores de modulo de Young.

Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi can seriously affect both domestic and wild animals. This article reports on an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis on a farm in the Pantanal region of Brazil. The farm had 38 dogs, 20 of which died before receiving veterinary care. The remaining 18 dogs were underwent anamnesisn, clinical examination, hematological and biochemical evaluations. Blood smears and PCR analysis were performed for the diagnosis. The treatment protocols used according to the clinical recovery or parasitological cure of the dogs, using diminazene diaceturate, isometamidium chloride or quinapyramine sulfate. Post-treatment parasitological evaluation was performed by the microhematocrit technique. 7/18 dogs were PCR positive for T. evansi (confirmed by sequencing). There was clinical findings, which were consistent with both the acute and chronic stages of the disease in dogs. The infected dogs all exhibited at least one clinical sign of the disease. The hematological findings were compatible with trypanosomiasis, highlighting the hypochromic microcytic anemia as the main outcome. No treatment protocol was fully effective and the prolonged use of diminazene diaceturate caused the death of an animal. The trypanosomiasis can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs and difficulty in establishment an effective and safe therapeutic protocol.

This study describes the hematological and biometric characteristics of male and female Gymnotus species from the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Fifty adult specimens of Gymnotus inaequilabiatus were weighed, measured, and then euthanized. Blood was collected by puncturing the celiac mesenteric vein to determine the hematocrit, hemoglobin content, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, glucose level, absolute value of leukocytes, and relative value of leukocytes and thrombocytes. Body weight and relative condition factor did not differ (P > 0.05) between the sexes, as well as erythrogram and the blood glucose values. Hematocrit ranged from 18.0% to 54.0%; hemoglobin from 1.1 to 14.7 g dL-1; number of erythrocytes from 0.2 × 106 to 3.8 ×106 µL-1; MCV from 24.2 to 321.7 fL; and MCHC from 4.2 to 44.5 g dL-1. In the differential count were identified thrombocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, immature leukocytes, and PAS-positive granular leukocyte (PAS-GL). Females had a higher percentage of immature leukocytes (P < 0.05) than males. Glucose levels, erythrogram, leukogram, and the morphology of defense cells are comparable to other fish species of the Pantanal. Thrombocytes were the most frequent defense cells, followed by lymphocytes and neutrophils.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer intervalo de referência para valores de RDW-CV e RDW-SD em felinos clinicamente sadios. Amostras de sangue de 187 felinos jovens e adultos, clinicamente sadios e encaminhados para procedimentos cirúrgico eletivos foram utilizadas. As amostras foram obtidas a partir da punção de veia jugular, armazenadas em tubos com EDTA e posteriormente processadas. A determinação do RDW foi realizada utilizando o analisador hematológico veterinário modelo pocH-100iV DIFF (Sysmex®). O intervalo de normalidade estabelecido para o RDW-CV foi de 16,8±1,84% e do RDW-SD 31,8±2,83 fL. A análise estatística não mostrou diferença significativa entre sexo e faixa etária (teste Z, p>0,05). Os valores médios para RDW-CV e RDW-SD apresentados podem ser utilizados como referência para felinos domésticos saudáveis, sem raça definida, independente do sexo ou idade.

Theileria equi is a tick-borne piroplasm considered endemic in equines in Brazil. The cohabitation of domestic and wild animals in areas of extensive cattle breeding favors the close contact between different species and the sharing of vectors and, consequently, pathogens. We report the natural infection of a young South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris) by T. equi in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Although it was not possible to associate the clinical and hematologic status of the animal with the infection by the protozoan parasite, our report represents an alert on the sharing of pathogens between domestic and wild animals.

Background: Ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm associated with peritoneal implantation and malignant effusion. Most dogs are asymptomatic until the nodules become large and the abdominal volume is increased. From the clinical suspicion, the diagnosis can be obtained through imaging and histopathology, however, cytological analysis has become an alternative method for the early detection of this neoplasm. In order to demonstrate the importance of cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms and its metastasis, it is reported a case of metastatic ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma in a dog.Case: Female, intact, teckel, 5-year-old, with increased abdominal volume. Physical examination revealed ascites and intracavitary mass, abdominocentesis and fine needle puncture of the mass were performed for cytological evaluation. In the cavity fluid it was observed: dark red color, cloudy appearance, hematocrit of 35%; (7.6 g / dL), pH (8.0), 22,000 nucleated cells / μL, marked cellularity of pleomorphic epithelial cells arranged in three-dimensional cohesive groups, sometimes in acinar or tubular pattern, nucleus with loose chromatin coarse, scarse to moderate cytoplasm, perinuclear halo, multiple and evident nucleoli compatible with carcinomatous neoplastic effusion. In the cytological evaluation of the tumor, epithelial cells were observed, with the same microscopic characteristics of the abdominal fluid. A laparotomy that did not show metastasis was performed, multiple nodes interspersed with cystic regions containing yellow-red fluid in the right ovary were visualized. Histopathology showed: neoplastic cells proliferation of ovarian glandular tissue, scarce cytoplasm, poorly delimited, nucleus ranging from oval to cylindrical with marked pleomorphism, evident nucleoli and loose chromatin, mitotic figures and papillary growth. Neoplastic cells forming irregular cavities with proteinaceous fluid, scarce connective tissue intermingling the cellular nest and areas of hemorrhage. Cytological and histopathological analyzes were compatible with ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma. After three months of excision, the dog returned with thoracic effusion that presented the same characteristics of the abdominal fluid, indicating metastasis.Discussion: Metastasis and effusion were observed in 48% and 86% of dogs with this tumor, respectively. Cell exfoliation, release of fluid through the tumor capsule or rupture of cysts can result in transcelomic metastatic implants that exert pressure and obstruct peritoneal and diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels causing effusion. The macro and microscopic characteristics of the abdominal effusion reinforced the suspicion of neoplasia, and the cytomorphological evaluation of the tumor, which identified carcinomatous cells similar to that of the effusion, allowed the presumptive diagnosis of the neoplasia. The macroscopic presence of multiple nodes interspersed with cystic regions containing red fluid in the right ovary, identified after surgical excision, reinforced the cytologic diagnosis. Histopathological examination identified wellestablished microscopic features that allowed the definitive and confirmatory diagnosis of neoplasia. Radiological analysis of the chest was not enough to detect the metastasis diagnosed by effusion analysis, however, small nodules (less than 6 mm) are difficult to identify by imaging. Thus, it is important to emphasize the importance of cytological evaluation of tumor and effusions for detection of neoplastic cells for the diagnosis of intracavitary neoplasia and metastasis.

A artrite séptica consiste na inflamação da estrutura articular secundária a contaminação bacteriana. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar o tratamento bem-sucedido de artrite séptica em um cão macho, de dois meses de idade, da raça boxer, com claudicação de membro torácico esquerdo, apesar da resistência demonstrada no antibiograma. Realizou-se coleta do líquido sinovial para cultura e antibiograma e foi iniciada antibioticoterapia empírica com cefalotina até obtenção dos resultados. O agente isolado foi Actinomyces viscosus, sendo resistente à amoxicilina, amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, azitromicina, cefalexina, cefalotina, doxiciclina, sulfazotrim e tetracilina. Entretanto, pelo fato de, no momento da obtenção deste resultado, o cão já ter apresentado melhora clínica significativa, optou-se pela manutenção do tratamento inicial. O conhecimento acerca da farmacocinética, associado ao resultado do antibiograma e a experiência da aplicação clínica dos antibióticos são importantes ferramentas para estabelecimento da terapia mais apropriada. Acredita-se que a diferença de suscetibilidade da bactéria à cefalotina in vitro e in vivo possa ser atribuída à distribuição deste fármaco, que sabidamente apresenta maiores concentrações nos tecidos osteoarticulares.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o percentual de variacao na concentracao de glicose serica em amostras de sangue total, sem aditivos, na temperatura de 4°C, centrifugados apos diferentes intervalos de tempo e verificar a importância dessas variacoes para a aplicacao do resultado no diagnostico em caes, considerando-se que erros pre-analiticos podem levar a resultados erroneos em testes laboratoriais. Amostras de sangue de 27 caes foram coletadas e separadas em 8 aliquotas. Uma aliquota foi processada logo apos a coleta e as demais armazenadas por 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 24 e 48 horas a 4°C antes de serem analisadas. O valor medio basal observado (107, 24 mg/dl ± 7,8) estava dentro do intervalo de normalidade para a especie canina e o aumento gradual da porcentagem de variacao nas mensuracoes da glicose foi observado a medida que as amostras permaneceram mais tempo em contato com o coagulo e em temperatura de refrigeracao e reforcaram o conceito de que, a concentracao de glicose serica decresce por hora de armazenamento devido a utilizacao da glicose pelos eritrocitos e leucocitos presentes na amostra. Essa instabilidade se mostrou crescente em todos os tempos subsequentes, atingindo variacoes de aproximadamente 17% apos 48 horas da coleta assemelham-se a estudos em seres humanos. A aplicacao da maxima porcentagem de variacao a media dos valores iniciais de amostras normoglicemicas nao causou erro de interpretacao dos resultados e, do ponto de vista clinico, nao comprometeria o diagnostico de niveis sericos normais de glicose nesses animais.