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ABSTRAKT Gustafsson O & Karlsson P. Äldres upplevelser av att vistas på akutmottagning. Enlitteraturstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö Universitet:Fakulteten för Hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2024 Bakgrund: En växande befolkning av äldre personer kommer att öka kravet påakutmottagningar Detta eftersom patientgruppen är överrepresenterad blandbesökarna samt ofta multisjuka med komplexa åkommor. Därav är det viktigt attförstå äldres upplevelser av att besöka en akutmottagning. Syfte: Syftet var att utforska äldre patienters upplevelse av att vårdas på enakutmottagning. Metod: Litteraturstudien utfördes genom att sammanställa tio stycken vetenskapligaartiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklar söktes strukturerat enligt ett sökschema idatabaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Artiklar som bedömdes svara på litteraturstudienssyfte kvalitetsgranskades enligt SBU:s granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Sju kategorier framkom efter analysen: behov av tydlig information,bemötande från vårdpersonal, förminskning av egna behov, känsla av oro ochosäkerhet, organisation & miljö, tilltro till personal samt upplevelsen av att vänta. Slutsats: Äldre patienter upplever en stark tilltro till sjukvårdspersonalen ochförminskar sina egna behov i förtur till andra under vistelsen på akutmottagningar. Endel patienter känner oro för att bli sjuka, för en förändrad livssituation och ävendöden. Patienterna känner ofta en tacksamhet för den vård de får och vill få begripliginformation och uppmärksamhet under väntetiden. Detta bidrar till att minskapatienternas oro och ger ökat positivt intryck av den totala upplevelsen av vistelsen., Gustafsson O & Karlsson P. Elders experiences of visiting the emergencydepartment. A literature review. Degree Project in nursing 15 credit points, MalmöUniversity: Faculty of Health and society, Department of Care Science, 2024. Background: A growing population of elderly individuals will increase the demandfor emergency departments. This patient group is overrepresented among visitors andoften presents with multiple illnesses and complex conditions. Therefore, it isimportant to understand the experiences of older adults when visiting an emergencydepartment. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of older patients receivingcare in an emergency department. Method:The literature review was conducted by compiling ten scientific articles witha qualitative approach. Articles were systematically searched using a search protocolin the databases Cinahl and PubMed. Articles that were deemed to address thepurpose of the literature review were quality-assessed according to the SwedishAgency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU)guidelines for qualitative studies. Results: Seven categories emerged from the analysis: need for information,interaction with healthcare staff, minimizing needs, feelings of worry and uncertainty,trust in staff, organization and environment, and the experience of waiting. Conclusion: Older patients experienced a strong trust in staff and minimized theirneeds in favor of others during their stay in the emergency departments. Somepatients worry about getting sick, a changed life situation and even death. Patientsfeel grateful for the care and want to receive understandable information and attentionduring the waiting time. This helps to reduce patients' anxiety and gives them anincreased positive impression of the overall experience of the visit.

The purpose of this qualitative study has been to investigate what experiences Swedish police officers have from international service in the UN peacekeeping force in South Sudan, UNMISS. The focus has been on how the police perceived that their duties and efforts were in line with the mandate that the UN has to work according to in the mission area. The empirical data for the study has been collected through semi-structured interviews in which a total of five police officers participated, all of whom have at leastone year of experience working for UNPOL in South Sudan. The respondents have held various positions in South Sudan and have been stationed in different geographical locations. The results from the interviews have been presented through a thematic presentation based on different themes on which the interviews were structured. This, in turn, has also been contrasted with the study's theoretical framework, which included democratic policing and Robert Dahl's concept of democracy. The results of the study show that the work is generally satisfactory in relation to the mandate. On the other hand, there is a perceived lack among the Swedish police when it comes to personnel from other countries. There is often a lack of knowledge and work ethic for the work to be effective. Likewise, the UN as an organization is considered inefficient as there is a lack of control mechanisms to ensure that the work goes in the direction it is intended.

This study addresses the valuation challenges of private unlisted loan investmentsby implementing a valuation model to estimate the market value of such financialinstrument. In collaboration with Alecta, Sweden’s largest occupational pensionfund, a Monte Carlo-based valuation model was developed in Python. A sensitivityanalysis was also conducted in order to capture the dynamics between theinstrument’s value and the different input parameters. Results from implementing the model demonstrate its ability to providevaluations under varying economic scenarios, highlighting the model’s sensitivityto changes in relevant economic variables. The study establishes a foundational basis for additional research that could,for example, improve the model’s capability to capture the characteristics ofsuch financial instruments. This could include exploring additional parametersthat may be incorporated and examining the reasonableness of the underlyingassumptions., Denna studie behandlar utmaningarna kopplade till värdering av privataonoterade låneinvesteringar genom att implementera en värderingsmodell föratt uppskatta marknadsvärdet av ett sådant instrument. I samarbete medAlecta, Sveriges största tjänstepensionsfond, utvecklades en Monte Carlo-baseradvärderingsmodell i Python. Dessutom genomfördes en känslighetsanalys för attfånga dynamiken mellan instrumentets värde och de olika in-parametrarna. Resultaten från implementeringen av modellen illustrerar dess förmåga atttillhandahålla värderingar under varierande ekonomiska scenarier och belysermodellens känslighet för förändringar i relevanta ekonomiska variabler. Studien banar väg för framtida forskning gällande exempelvis förbättring avmodellens förmåga att fånga egenskaperna av en låneinvestering. Framtidaforskning skulle exempelvis kunna undersöka implementering av ytterligare in-parametrar och granskningen av modellens underliggande antangaden.

2024-03-21

Denna studie har undersökt medias beskrivning av offren i konflikten mellan Israel och Hamas/Palestina och hur beskrivningen skiljer sig åt. Det teoretiska ramverkat utgörs av en ideologisk aspekt där imperialismen ligger till grund för ett ställningstagande inom en vänsterorienterad respektive högerorienterad syn på konflikten. Utgångspunkten för analysen har varit att undersöka medias beskrivningar av offren genom en socialkonstruktivistisk hållning där Nils Christies teori om det ideala brottsoffret varit i fokus. En textanalys av olika artiklar från Aftonbladet och Svenska Dagbladet har studerats och analyserats utifrån studiens teoretiska hållning. Resultatet från den insamlade empirin visar att det finns en skillnad i hur offren framställs i artiklarna utifrån de två olika tidningarna i studien.

The aim of this study was to investigate future scarcity and environmental effects of cobalt. This was done by creating three scenarios based on different prognoses concerning the future use of cobalt up to the year 2050, Business as usual (Scenario I), Recycling Rate Improvements (Scenario II) and Technological Advancements (Scenario III). Regarding scarcity, Scenario III had the lowest overall cobalt use, 3.68 megatonnes, whilst Scenario I had the highest, 10.8 megatonnes. Comparing this to existing cobalt reserves of 8.3 megatonnes and resources of 25 megatonnes implied that there was no major risk of cobalt scarcity in any scenario and that the green transition is not threatened, as long as some resources are turned into reserves. The opposite relationship was true for environmental impact where Scenario I, II and III had global warming potentials of 18.0, 15.9 and 7.51 kg CO2-eq/kg cobalt in batteries, respectively. Consequently, the most important action to reduce the environmental effects of cobalt is improving technology which, specifically, involves lowering fuel consumption, reducing cobalt content in LIBs and introducing greener electricity mixes. However, for the cobalt life cycle to be sustainable long-term, improving cobalt recycling is also instrumental., Målet med denna studie var att undersöka riskerna för koboltbrist och hur dess miljöeffekter kan se ut i framtiden. Detta gjordes genom att skapa tre scenarier baserade på olika framtidsprognoser gällande kobolt till år 2050. Business as usual (Scenario I), Recycling Rate Improvements (Scenario II) och Technological Advancements (Scenario III). Scenario III hade lägst koboltanvändning, 3,68 megaton, medan Scenario I hade högst, 10,8 megaton. Eftersom det finns 8,3 megaton reserver och 25 megaton resurser pekade detta resultat på att det inte finns någon större, omedelbar risk för koboltbrist och att den gröna omställningen inte är hotad av detta så länge en del resurser omvandlas till reserver. Vad gäller miljöeffekter så orsakade Scenario I, II och III, utsläpp av 18,0, 15,9 respektive 7,51 kg CO2-eq/kg kobolt i batterier. Scenario I hade störst miljöpåverkan och Scenario III lägst. Följaktligen, är det mest effektiva sättet att minska kobolts miljöeffekter att förbättra teknologin inom dess livscykel. Detta innefattar, mer specifikt, minskad bränsleanvändning, lägre koboltinnehåll i litiumjonbatterier och att introducera grönare elmixar. Återvinning anses dock fortfarande vara viktig för att kobalts livscykel ska bli hållbar på lång sikt.

In this work, we analyze the step-size approximation for fixed-point least-mean-square (LMS) and block LMS (BLMS) algorithms. Our primary focus is on investigating how step size approximation impacts the convergence rate and steady-state mean square error (MSE) across varying block sizes and filter lengths. We consider three different FP quantized LMS and BLMS algorithms. The results demonstrate that the algorithm with two quantizers in single precision behaves approximately the same as one quantizer under quantized weights, regardless of block size and filter lengths. Subsequently, we explore the approximation effects of nearest power-of-two and their combinations with different design parameters on the convergence performance. Simulation results for within the context of a system identification problem under these approximations reveal intriguing insights. For instance, a single quantizer algorithm without quantized error is more robust than its counterpart under these approximations. Additionally, both single quantizer algorithms with combined power-of-two approximations matches the behavior of the actual step-size.

FIR filtering realized in frequency domain can use different FFT sizes leading to different arithmetic complexities. The implementation results indicate that not only arithmetic complexities must be considered for minimal power consumption.

Matrix transposition, the procedure of swapping rows and columns of a matrix, has applications in various signal processing applications, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, data compression, and multidimensional fast Fourier transforms – which are used in MIMO radar systems. In low-latency high-throughput streaming applications, specialized circuits for matrix transposition are needed in order to perform transposition in real-time. This is in contrast to "slower" applications, where transposition can be adequately performed by storing a matrix in a shared memory and afterward reading it back in a transposed order. In this paper, a design procedure for streaming matrix transposition on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) using distributed memories is presented. It is shown that significantly fewer FPGA resources are required for small- to medium-sized streaming matrix transpositions compared to recent related works., Funding: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) [CHI19-0001]; Excellence Center at Linkoping-Lund in Information Technology (ELLIIT)

Spade is an HDL that enhances the productivity of HDL designers byadding useful abstractions for hardware design. These abstractionsare zero- or low-cost, meaning that the designer still has full controlover what hardware gets generated.

Spade is a new hardware description language which aims to make hardware description easier and less error prone. It does this by taking lessons from software programming languages, and adding language level support for common hardware constructs, all without compromising the low level control over what hardware gets generated.

Målet med denna undersökning är att utreda om möjligheten för insynspersoner att uppnåavvikelseavkastning finns eller ej. Vidare kommer datapunkterna delas in i tre olikagrupper med målet att undersöka om avvikelseavkastningen skiljer sig mellaninsynsgrupper. Vidare kommer denna undersökning analysera om den nya lagstiftningen,från 2016, är effektiv eller om vidare justeringar krävs. Undersökningmetoden som väljs ären regressionsanalys med syfte att undersöka huruvida de observationer som kvarstår eftersortering visar att avvikelseavkastning uppstår eller om avkastningen endast följer valtindex, OMXGI. Dessa avvikelseavkastnigar kommer att beräknas med CAAR över sexmånader efter den genomförda handeln. Avvikelseavkastningen kommer sedan analyserasmed hjälp av T-test för att utreda om statistisk signifikans återfinns. Resultaten från deutförda beräkningarna påvisar att det uppkommer avvikelseavkastning vid insynshandel påNasdaq Stockholm. Resultaten tyder även på att det finns relativt stora skillnader mellaninsynsgrupper under den valda perioden.

In this work, implementation trade-offs for ASIC-implementation of least-mean-square (LMS) and block LMS (BLMS) adaptive filters are presented. We explore the design trade-offs by increasing the block size and/or relying on the synthesis tool for increased sample rate. For area, lower block size is advantageous as long as the synthesis tool can meet timing. Energy optimum is however found at a different point in design space. Simulation confirms that longer block sizes leads to lower MSE errors for identical step-size. Hence, the design-point should be decided based on weighted requirements for area, energy and MSE.

Approaches to shift-and-add realization of time-domain chromatic dispersion compensation FIR filters are considered. The coefficient word length has larger impact than filter length on both BER penalty and adder complexity.