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In this study, we quantitatively investigate the impact of 1.4 wt.% chromium and 1.4 wt.% molybdenum additions on pearlitic microstructure characteristics in 1 wt.% carbon steels. The study was carried out using a combination of experimental methods and phase field simulations. We utilized MatCalc v5.51 and JMatPro v12 to predict transformation behaviors, and electron microscopy for microstructural examination, focusing on pearlite morphology under varying thermal conditions. Phase field simulations were carried out using MICRESS v7.2 software and, informed by thermodynamic data from MatCalc v5.51 and the literature, were conducted to replicate pearlite formation, demonstrating a good agreement with the experimental observations. In this work, we introduced a semi-automatic reliable microstructural analysis method, quantifying features like lamella dimensions and spacing through image processing by Fiji ImageJ v1.54f. The introduction of Cr resulted in longer, thinner, and more homogeneously distributed cementite lamellae, while Mo led to shorter, thicker lamellae. Phase field simulations accurately predicted these trends and showed that alloying with Cr or Mo increases the density and circularity of the lamellae. Our results demonstrate that Cr stabilizes pearlite formation, promoting a uniform microstructure, whereas Mo affects the morphology without enhancing homogeneity. The phase field model, validated by experimental data, provides insights into the morphological changes induced by these alloying elements, supporting the optimization of steel processing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of synthetic nonwoven materials is gaining importance in filtration. However, the complex material behavior of these synthetic, fiber-based materials is challenging for the manufacturing departments. The materials are exhibiting a highly anisotropic elastic-plastic material behavior. A material testing program was conducted to characterize the unknown characteristic material behavior of synthetic nonwoven filter media in all three spatial directions for the load cases of tension, compression, and shear for the first time. For conversion processes like cutting, embossing, calendering, and pleating, the out-of-plane properties are essential for the accurate description of the material behavior. Using an ARCAN device, it is possible to do the necessary tests to determine the out-of-plane properties. The test results were used to calibrate a suited anisotropic material model for fibrous and porous materials. Parallels and differences in the characteristic material behavior between cellulose and synthetic nonwoven filter media are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-lip deep-hole drilling (SLD) is characterized by high surface quality and compressive residual stress in the subsurface of the drill hole. These properties depend significantly on the thermo-mechanical conditions in the machining process. The required subsurface properties can be adjusted in-process via process monitoring and control when the thermo-mechanical conditions are maintained in the optimum range. Herein, a sensor-integrated SLD tool is introduced, which allows the temperatures near the cutting zone to be measured and the vibrations occurring directly at the drill head to be recorded. A microcontroller-based wireless measurement data transmission method is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]