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7. Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition.

Author

Karp, Daniel S, Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, Meehan, Timothy D, Martin, Emily A, DeClerck, Fabrice, Grab, Heather, Gratton, Claudio, Hunt, Lauren, Larsen, Ashley E, Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra, O'Rourke, Megan E, Rusch, Adrien, Poveda, Katja, Jonsson, Mattias, Rosenheim, Jay A, Schellhorn, Nancy A, Tscharntke, Teja, Wratten, Stephen D, Zhang, Wei, Iverson, Aaron L, Adler, Lynn S, Albrecht, Matthias, Alignier, Audrey, Angelella, Gina M, Zubair Anjum, Muhammad, Avelino, Jacques, Batáry, Péter, Baveco, Johannes M, Bianchi, Felix JJA, Birkhofer, Klaus, Bohnenblust, Eric W, Bommarco, Riccardo, Brewer, Michael J, Caballero-López, Berta, Carrière, Yves, Carvalheiro, Luísa G, Cayuela, Luis, Centrella, Mary, Ćetković, Aleksandar, Henri, Dominic Charles, Chabert, Ariane, Costamagna, Alejandro C, De la Mora, Aldo, de Kraker, Joop, Desneux, Nicolas, Diehl, Eva, Diekötter, Tim, Dormann, Carsten F, Eckberg, James O, Entling, Martin H, Fiedler, Daniela, Franck, Pierre, Frank van Veen, FJ, Frank, Thomas, Gagic, Vesna, Garratt, Michael PD, Getachew, Awraris, Gonthier, David J, Goodell, Peter B, Graziosi, Ignazio, Groves, Russell L, Gurr, Geoff M, Hajian-Forooshani, Zachary, Heimpel, George E, Herrmann, John D, Huseth, Anders S, Inclán, Diego J, Ingrao, Adam J, Iv, Phirun, Jacot, Katja, Johnson, Gregg A, Jones, Laura, Kaiser, Marina, Kaser, Joe M, Keasar, Tamar, Kim, Tania N, Kishinevsky, Miriam, Landis, Douglas A, Lavandero, Blas, Lavigne, Claire, Le Ralec, Anne, Lemessa, Debissa, Letourneau, Deborah K, Liere, Heidi, Lu, Yanhui, Lubin, Yael, Luttermoser, Tim, Maas, Bea, Mace, Kevi, Madeira, Filipe, Mader, Viktoria, Cortesero, Anne Marie, Marini, Lorenzo, Martinez, Eliana, Martinson, Holly M, Menozzi, Philippe, Mitchell, Matthew GE, Miyashita, Tadashi, Molina, Gonzalo AR, and Molina-Montenegro, Marco A

Subjects
Animals, Crops, Agricultural, Ecosystem, Pest Control, Biological, Models, Biological, agroecology, biodiversity, biological control, ecosystem services, natural enemies, Crops, Agricultural, Pest Control, Biological, Models
Abstract

The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win-win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win-win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.

Published
2018

10. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of the abdominal-A homeotic gene in the global pest, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella).

Author

Huang, Yuping, Chen, Yazhou, Zeng, Baosheng, Wang, Yajun, James, Anthony A, Gurr, Geoff M, Yang, Guang, Lin, Xijian, Huang, Yongping, and You, Minsheng

Subjects
Abdomen, Ovum, Animals, Moths, Drosophila Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Transcription Factors, Base Sequence, Larva, Genes, Homeobox, Female, Male, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Gene mutation, Germline stability, Lepidoptera, Pest, Phylogenetic analysis, Human Genome, Genetics, Biotechnology, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Zoology, Entomology
Abstract

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a worldwide agricultural pest that has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. Genetics-based approaches show promise as alternative pest management approaches but require functional studies to identify suitable gene targets. Here we use the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target a gene, abdominal-A, which has an important role in determining the identity and functionality of abdominal segments. We report that P. xylostella abdominal-A (Pxabd-A) has two structurally-similar splice isoforms (A and B) that differ only in the length of exon II, with 15 additional nucleotides in isoform A. Pxabd-A transcripts were detected in all developmental stages, and particularly in pupae and adults. CRISPR/Cas9-based mutagenesis of Pxabd-A exon I produced 91% chimeric mutants following injection of 448 eggs. Phenotypes with abnormal prolegs and malformed segments were visible in hatched larvae and unhatched embryos, and various defects were inherited by the next generation (G1). Genotyping of mutants demonstrated several mutations at the Pxabd-A genomic locus. The results indicate that a series of insertions and deletions were induced in the Pxabd-A locus, not only in G0 survivors but also in G1 individuals, and this provides a foundation for genome editing. Our study demonstrates the utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeting genes in an agricultural pest and therefore provides a foundation the development of novel pest management tools.

Published
2016

26. Variation among 532 genomes unveils the origin and evolutionary history of a global insect herbivore

Author

You, Minsheng, Ke, Fushi, You, Shijun, Wu, Zhangyan, Liu, Qingfeng, He, Weiyi, Baxter, Simon W., Yuchi, Zhiguang, Vasseur, Liette, Gurr, Geoff M., Ward, Christopher M., Cerda, Hugo, Yang, Guang, Peng, Lu, Jin, Yuanchun, Xie, Miao, Cai, Lijun, Douglas, Carl J., Isman, Murray B., Goettel, Mark S., Song, Qisheng, Fan, Qinghai, Wang-Pruski, Gefu, Lees, David C., Yue, Zhen, Bai, Jianlin, Liu, Tiansheng, Lin, Lianyun, Zheng, Yunkai, Zeng, Zhaohua, Lin, Sheng, Wang, Yue, Zhao, Qian, Xia, Xiaofeng, Chen, Wenbin, Chen, Lilin, Zou, Mingmin, Liao, Jinying, Gao, Qiang, Fang, Xiaodong, Yin, Ye, Yang, Huanming, Wang, Jian, Han, Liwei, Lin, Yingjun, Lu, Yanping, and Zhuang, Mousheng

Published
2020
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32. Rice ecosystem services in South-east Asia

Author

Settele, Josef, Heong, Kong Luen, Kühn, Ingolf, Klotz, Stefan, Spangenberg, Joachim H., Arida, Gertrudo, Beaurepaire, Alexis, Beck, Silke, Bergmeier, Erwin, Burkhard, Benjamin, Brandl, Roland, Bustamante, Jesus Victor, Butler, Adam, Cabbigat, Jimmy, Le, Xuan Canh, Catindig, Josie Lynn A., Ho, Van Chien, Le, Quoc Cuong, Dang, Kinh Bac, Escalada, Monina, Dominik, Christophe, Franzén, Markus, Fried, Oliver, Görg, Christoph, Grescho, Volker, Grossmann, Sabine, Gurr, Geoff M., Hadi, Buyung A. R., Le, Huu Hai, Harpke, Alexander, Hass, Annika L., Hirneisen, Norbert, Horgan, Finbarr G., Hotes, Stefan, Isoda, Yuzuru, Jahn, Reinhold, Kettle, Helen, Klotzbücher, Anika, Klotzbücher, Thimo, Langerwisch, Fanny, Loke, Wai-Hong, Lin, Yu-Pin, Lu, Zhongxian, Lum, Keng-Yeang, Magcale-Macandog, Damasa B., Marion, Glenn, Marquez, Leonardo, Müller, Felix, Nguyen, Hung Manh, Nguyen, Quynh Anh, Nguyen, Van Sinh, Ott, Jürgen, Penev, Lyubomir, Pham, Hong Thai, Radermacher, Nico, Rodriguez-Labajos, Beatriz, Sann, Christina, Sattler, Cornelia, Schädler, Martin, Scheu, Stefan, Schmidt, Anja, Schrader, Julian, Schweiger, Oliver, Seppelt, Ralf, Soitong, Kukiat, Stoev, Pavel, Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne, Tekken, Vera, Thonicke, Kirsten, Tilliger, Bianca, Tobias, Kai, Andi Trisyono, Y., Dao, Thanh Truong, Tscharntke, Teja, Le, Quang Tuan, Türke, Manfred, Václavík, Tomáš, Vetterlein, Doris, Villareal, Sylvia ’Bong’, Vu, Kim Chi, Vu, Quynh, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Westphal, Catrin, Zhu, Zengrong, and Wiemers, Martin

Published
2018
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39. Continent‐wide evidence that landscape context can mediate the effects of local habitats on in‐field abundance of pests and natural enemies

Author

Akter, Salma, primary, Rizvi, Syed Z. M., additional, Haque, Ahsanul, additional, Reynolds, Olivia L., additional, Furlong, Michael J., additional, Melo, Maria C., additional, Osborne, Terry, additional, Mo, Jianhua, additional, McDonald, Simon, additional, Johnson, Anne C., additional, and Gurr, Geoff M., additional

Published
2023
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47. Characterisation of Antennal Sensilla and Electroantennography Responses of the Dung Beetles Bubas bison , Onitis aygulus and Geotrupes spiniger (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) to Dung Volatile Organic Compounds.

Author

Perera, Nisansala N., Barrow, Russell A., Weston, Paul A., Rolland, Vivien, Hands, Philip, Gurusinghe, Saliya, Weston, Leslie A., and Gurr, Geoff M.

Subjects
DUNG beetles, VOLATILE organic compounds, MANURES, BEETLES, BISON, INDOLE, ODORS
Abstract

Simple Summary: Insects, including dung beetles, rely on volatile cues to locate food and mates. However, the antennal responses of dung beetles to dung headspace volatiles have received minimal attention. To address this gap, we conducted a scanning electron microscopy study to examine the density distribution of three types of antennal sensilla in three introduced dung beetle species found in Australia: Geotrupes spiniger, Bubas bison and Onitis aygulus. The gross morphology of the antennal sensilla of these species is described here for the first time. Notably, we observed distinct patterns of sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica and sensilla chaetica on the proximal and distal surfaces of three lamellae in their antennal clubs. Furthermore, using electroantennography, we investigated the olfactory responses of these dung beetles to ten selected dung volatiles and mixtures of the same volatiles. The test chemicals evoked differential antennal responses in all three test species. The results are discussed in relation to the distribution and density of the antennal sensilla and the potential role of dung headspace volatiles in dung preference by these dung beetles. Overall, our findings indicate the possibility of using EAG-active compounds to attract dung beetles in the field. Locating sporadically distributed food resources and mate finding are strongly aided by volatile cues for most insects, including dung beetles. However, there is limited information on the olfactory ecology of dung beetles. We conducted a scanning electron microscopy study on the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of three introduced dung beetle species in Australia: Geotrupes spiniger (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), Bubas bison and Onitis aygulus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Three main morphological types of antennal sensilla were identified: sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla basiconica (SB) and sensilla chaetica (SCh). Distinct variations of SB distribution were observed in B. bison and G. spiniger and on different lamellar surfaces in both sexes of all three species. Sexual dimorphism in antennal sensilla distribution or their abundance was not evident. To complement the morphological characterisation of sensilla, electroantennography (EAG) was carried out to construct EAG response profiles of the three species to selected dung volatiles. An initial study revealed that antennae of all species were sensitive to a mix of phenol, skatole, indole, p-cresol, butanone and butyric acid, common components of livestock dung headspace. In addition to these six compounds, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, eucalyptol and toluene were tested for antennal activity. All compounds evoked measurable EAG responses, confirming antennal sensitivity. Geotrupes spiniger exhibited significant responses to all the compounds compared to the control, whereas B. bison and O. aygulus only responded to a subset of compounds. A comparison of relative EAG amplitudes revealed highly significant responses to p-cresol in G. spiniger and to skatole in B. bison. Geotrupes spiniger displayed differential responses to all the compounds. Pooled EAG data suggest highly significant differences in responses among the three species and among compounds. Our findings suggest that a blend of volatiles may offer potential for the trapping of dung beetles, thereby avoiding the use of dung baits that are inconvenient, inconsistent and may pose a threat to farm biosecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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49. Prospects for habitat management to suppress vegetable pests in Australia

Author

Rizvi, Syed Z M, Reynolds, Olivia L, Haque, Ahsanul, Furlong, Michael J, Mo, Jianhua, Melo, Maria C, Akter, Salma, Sandoval-Gomez, Vivian E., Johnson, Anne C, Gurr, Geoff M, Rizvi, Syed Z M, Reynolds, Olivia L, Haque, Ahsanul, Furlong, Michael J, Mo, Jianhua, Melo, Maria C, Akter, Salma, Sandoval-Gomez, Vivian E., Johnson, Anne C, and Gurr, Geoff M

Abstract

Habitat management is an ecologically based approach to suppress pest densities, utilising properties of non-crop vegetation to improve the impact of natural enemies or to directly affect pest behaviour. Research in this approach has escalated dramatically this century, extending to uptake in some crops, but adoption in Australia has been lower than overseas. Here, we address the need of the Australian vegetable sector to reduce reliance on insecticides by assessing the scope for habitat management in brassica (Brassicaceae), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) (Asteraceae), capsicum (Capsicum annuum) (Solanaceae), carrot (Daucus carota) (Apiaceae), French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Fabaceae) and sweetcorn (Zea mays) (Poaceae) crops. Each crop is of major economic importance, and together, they represent contrasting botanical families and production systems that are associated with different arthropod complexes. We review studies of habitat management that are based on provision of shelter, nectar, alternative prey or pollen for natural enemies (top-down effects) or changing pest behaviour (bottom-up effects) through intercropping or trap crops. The likely utility of these approaches under Australian conditions is assessed, and recommendations are made to promote adoption and for adaptive research. Nectar- and pollen-providing plants, such as alyssum (Lobularia maritima) (Brassicaceae), offer strong potential to promote natural enemies in multiple crops whilst trap crops, especially yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) (Brassicaceae), have more targeted utility against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), the most serious pest of brassicas. Opportunities for intercrops and banker plant species are also identified. Our recommendations serve as a platform for researchers and for farmer-led studies to help realise the full potential of habitat management approaches in Australian vegetable production systems.

Published
2022

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