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Purpose: To report a case of ocular dirofilariasis causing extensive chorio-retinal damage. Method: Surgical removal of the worm and identification of the same by microscopic examinationand polymerase chain reaction. Results: The worm was identified as Dirofilaria repens. Conclusion: Ocular dirofilariasis is an arthropod borne parasitic infestation affecting the subconjunctival tissue and anterior chamber. Vitreous involvement in Dirofilaria is very rare. Dirofilaria repens can cause extensive chorio-retinal damage resembling diffuse unilateralsubacute neuroretinitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An increasing number of basic and clinical studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-e) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of repolarization and that amplification of the Tp-e interval is associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. In this review, we outline the utility of the Tp-e interval and the Tp-e/QT ratio as an electrocardiographic index of arrhythmogenesis for both congenital and acquired ion channel disease leading to ventricular arrhythmias. In healthy individuals, the Tp-e/QT ratio has a mean value of approximately 0.21 in the precordial leads and it remains relatively constant between the heart rates from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Interestingly, the Tp-e/QT ratio is significantly greater in the patients at risk for arrhythmic event such as those with long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome, and also in patients with organic heart disease such as acute myocardial infarction. Functional reentry is the underlying mechanism for arrhythmogenesis associated with an increased Tp-e/QT ratio. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a low grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) showing features of both SCC and verrucous carcinoma (VC). It may present as a keratinized or condylomatous lesion that may become ulcerated. The etiology is unknown. Histologically the tumour shows both endophytic and exophytic growth, having papillomatous surface from which well-differentiated squamous cells penetrate deep into the underlying tissue, forming a burrowing pattern like a rabbit. It shows local invasion but not metastasis. Treatment is surgical excision with free surgical margins. To the best of our knowledge, only 19 cases have been reported in the maxillofacial region so far; hence it is an extremely rare lesion of the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes are colors derived from plants, invertebrates or minerals. Usually the natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources e.g. Roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood. Nowadays, natural dyes from plants have been given much importance in recent years. Synthetic dyes are mostly having harmful effects and cause environmental pollution. Several synthetic colors have been banned due to the allergy-like symptoms such as rashes and also due to carcinogenicity. In this study extracts of different plants were considered i.e. Curcuma longa, Punica granatum, Solanum lycopersicum, Lawsonia inermis, Beta vulgaris. These extracts were dyed to the cotton fabrics. The creation of a bond between the coloring matter and fibre is called mordanting i.e. a pre-dyeing process that makes the fibre receptive to dye. A dye molecule attaches itself to mordant. Natural dyes require mordanting by certain metallic salts of aluminium, iron, chromium, copper and others for ensuring the reasonable fastness of the color to sunlight and washing. These mordants set the color onto the cotton fabric when we use natural dyes. Different mordants will give different hue color with the same dye. This preference of naturally derived colorants is due to their healthfulness and excellent performance. Natural dyes are nowadays used in cosmetic industry due to no side-effects, UV protection and anti-aging properties. Some of these dyes such as that extracted from Curcuma longahas got antiseptic property along with brightest natural yellow color. All the extracts were found to have the bioactive components, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. The natural dyeing can produce a wide range of colors even from the same plant source by applying different dyeing techniques, extraction methods and different solvents etc. The dyed cotton fabrics were observed with various different shades of color and also its durability and color fastening are tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]