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Fast-growing computer technology and digital system integration complicate nano-scale binary logic circuit design. Ternary logic circuits offer an alternative to binary circuits in digital electronics, adding '2' to '0' and '1'. The added state reduces computational complexity, boosting system power and efficiency. This article discusses developing ternary logic circuits utilizing various nodes and semiconductor components. In addition, this paper explores the implementation of a ternary logic AND gate using the Cadence Virtuoso platform's VerilogA hardware description language. The implementation of a device model for a FinFET with a changeable threshold voltage of 18nm has been completed. The circuit has been adjusted to provide the desired logical output by manipulating the number of fins in the FinFET Model. The high threshold voltage (HVT) model exhibits superior performance parameters in terms of power and delay. The power delay product of HVT model is 56.7% and 31.8% lower than the LVT and SVT models respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two symmetrical equal size vertical slots parallel to the length of the antenna are introduced on the rectangular shaped microstrip patch antenna with resonances at 2.4 GHz and 4.8 GHz frequencies to see the effects on S- parameter, VSWR, resonating frequency and bandwidth. Generally, slots are introduced to increase the bandwidth, miniaturize the antenna and to introduce the multiple resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna is simulated in High Frequency Software Simulator (HFSS) to resonate at 2.4 GHz frequency. With two symmetrical vertical slots on the patch made this antenna to resonate at multiple frequencies (2.4 GHz and 4.8 GHz). This antenna is designed in four steps and various parameters are compared to conclude that it gives best result when two symmetrical vertical slots are introduced on the patch as the return loss gets improved further. Parametric analysis is done to find the optimized length, width and position of the slots. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as a substrate with dielectric constant 2.68 and thickness 1.5mm. As it is flexible, biocompatible, stretchable and chemically inert, it is suitable for manufacturing wearable antennas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is aggravating the paradigm shift in both industrial and personal lives. IoT, sensors, and cloud technology could be utilised better to conserve water, nature, and environmental activities. Water is one of the five elements by which the human body is made, making it a basic need for human survival. Due to massive increase in pollutants (global industrial waste, household waste, deforestation and over utilisation of land and sea), the quality and quantity of water available for living beings has declined dramatically. Water is a necessity for life, so systems must be in place to rigorously analyse the quality of water being consumed. In this paper, an IoT-based Smart in- pipe Drain Monitoring System is proposed which can act as an efficient system installed below the washbasin that segregates the water into three different containers based on water impurity. The system incorporates different sensors to analyse the level of contamination in the water, a processing unit and a global positioning system. Currently, the system is tested for wastewater segregation based on turbidity values. The segregated wastewater in container 1 and container 2 is treated and reused for daily activities like flushing, cleaning and watering the plants, whereas, wastewater in container 3 is sent to water treatment plant. The data obtained by the system is uploaded on the cloud by using an IoT-based Amazon Web Service (AWS) server to enable online monitoring of quality and quantity of wastewater and reused water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work analyses the fundamental transport property of photogenerated carriers named low field mobility for Al0.5Ga0.5N/AlN/Sapphire-based MSM detector using five conventional mobility models. Using Atlas- Silvaco TCAD simulator, appropriate mobility models for differently doped structures were investigated for the least dark current density and improved photocurrent. For each doping case, low electric field mobility models have been compared for I-V characteristics, conduction current density, recombination rate, velocity and mobility of charge carriers. Since there are uncertainties for the most fundamental transport property like field-dependant mobility, therefore more study is required to model mobility for high performance of Wide Band Gap materials. In this work, the mobilities of carriers (mup and mun values) are not specified manually in the Silvaco simulation program however mobility model has been defined. The present work analyses various mobility models on dark current density, photocurrent, mobility and velocity of charge carriers in a photo-absorbent layer. Earlier experimental and theoretical studies have proved that variation in dark current density is greatly affected by doping concentration, structural dimension parameters and optical and electrical properties of detector's materials. The main objective of the present work is selecting the suitable mobility model to get high Conduction current density in light to Conduction current density in dark ratio for each doping case. We also found that selection of models has a significant impact on spectral response. This simulation work could help align theoretical performance with experimental data and utilising AlGaN MSM detectors in modern UV detection and low noise applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressure sensor technology has grown to a large market since its discovery. These sensors are widely used in all spheres ranging from commercial, industrial, biomedical and even to military applications. This study tends to provide a review of the micro electro mechanical systems (M EMS) Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Technology. This study includes the basic engineering involved in these sensors, important terms and the performance characteristics. The aim is to present the detailed research in a concise yet precise form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]