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A simple W-shaped apparatus was developed by bending glass tubing to contain all of the chemicals involved and to limit the quantities to microscale. The W-tubes were tested by the teachers and students from a few schools to demonstrate its great utility and convenience in microscale chemistry laboratory.

Deals with a study which examined whether the structural and magnetic properties of multilayers depend on the deposition method by preparing iron/cobalt and iron/nickel multilayer films by direct current triode sputtering. Experiment; Results and discussion; Conclusion.

Presents a study that investigated the magnetic properties and domain structure of dc triode-sputtered permalloy/carbon multilayer films. Procedures in preparing the nonmagnetostrictive permalloy and nonmagnetic carbon; Parameters optimized to obtain good soft magnetic properties of permalloy single layers; Observation on the coercive force for multilayer films.

Presents a study which examined the micromagnetic structure of the walls in two-layer laminated films with the use of high-resolution longitudinal Kerr effect. Experimental technique; Wall configurations and Bloch lines in double films; Discussion of the mixed type of walls with twin and superimposed Néel segments.

This article evaluates the performance of 29 electricity distribution divisions of the Indian state Uttarakhand in terms of overall efficiency through data envelopment analysis (DEA) and compares the result with an analysis based on cross efficiency—a method for peer-appraisal. The introduction of cross efficiency highlights the falsely indicated efficient divisions through the measurement of a “false positive index.” The main objective of this work is to identify the apparent “overall efficient” divisions as indicated by DEA analysis solely. Cluster analysis provides more appropriate targets to be used as a benchmark by the poorly performing divisions. The findings of this article can be instrumental to managers and policy makers to adopt measures that would be beneficial to the improvement of inefficient divisions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article evaluates the performance of electricity distribution divisions (EDDs) of an Indian state utility namely, Uttarakhand Power Corporation Limited (UPCL) in terms of overall efficiency through data envelopment analysis with an objective to trace the effectiveness of an ongoing restructuring process. Relative efficiencies of the divisions are compared for the period 2005 to 2008. Further using the Malmquist productivity index and its decompositions, productivity change is investigated for EDDs during the same period. This study gives an assessment of UPCL to monitor and diagnose the changes in the productivity of EDDs, so it will help regulators to formulate more effective policies on deregulation and disintegration and to determine the appropriate productivity factor when imposing yardstick competition on electric utilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]