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This paper focuses on the allocation of educational resources and the funds of local colleges and universities, studies the adequacy and balance of the allocation of educational funds in local colleges and universities in China, and studies the current situation of the allocation of educational funds in local colleges and universities in China, ordinary colleges and universities in Jiangxi and C schools, with a view to clarifying the logic and policy motivation of the allocation of educational funds in local colleges and universities in China. By using the methods of literature study, investigation and comparative study, this paper reviews and combs the present situation of the allocation of education funds in local universities in China, and points out that there are some problems in the allocation of education funds in local universities in China, such as insufficient investment, single source and obvious differences among regions, schools, disciplines and majors. Combining the three theoretical bases of resource dependence theory, principal-agent theory and new institutionalism theory, this paper further discusses the deep-seated higher education resource allocation model, higher education market system and mechanism, and the financing of local colleges and universities. On the basis of comparing and drawing lessons from the experience of international higher education funds allocation, this paper gives some suggestions on optimizing the allocation of education funds for local universities in China from four aspects: system guarantee, institution construction, school-running system and funding system, project management and platform construction.

Summary The application of horizontal well drilling technology and volume fracturing technique makes the economic development of shale oil reservoirs feasible. The unknown fracture networks lead to severe nonlinearity and high uncertainty during fracture characterization. Moreover, the reservoir parameters usually exhibit a highly non-Gaussianity. Therefore, the key challenges for history matching in fractured shale oil reservoirs are effectively representing the fracture network and coping with the non-Gaussian distribution of reservoir-model parameters. In this work, a new characterization method for complex fracture networks is established, in which the distribution of connected fractures of the reservoir domain is represented by some statistical parameters such as fracture dip angle, fracture azimuth, and fracture half-length and some deterministic parameters such as the coordinates of fracture center points. In the uncertainty quantification and history-matching process, an integrated approach that combines the particle filter and an improved kernel density estimation (KDE) based on its Shannon entropy (SE) for estimating fracture distributions and physical parameters is presented. An adaptive mechanism based on Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) is introduced in the proposed history matching workflow, which automatically adjusts the number of particles to reduce the computational burden. Two examples of 3D shale oil production were constructed to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Results showed that the method was capable of capturing the main features of the fracture distributions in the reference cases. The proposed method has the potential to be applied in more complex cases such as multiple wells and multiphase flow.

Two studies were conducted to explore the patterns of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) while considering collectivist cultural specificity (dialecticism) and to examine the associations of affective profiles with psychosocial adjustment.We used two Chinese samples, one comprising adults with adverse childhood experiences (Three profiles were identified through latent profile analysis: well-adjusted (high PA, low NA), low affective (low PA, low NA), and moderate affective (moderate PA, moderate NA). Participants in the well-adjusted profile had the fewest mental health problems (depressive symptoms, anxiety) and scored highest on personal strengths (self-esteem, gratitude, resilience) and life satisfaction. Participants in the low affective profile had fewer mental health problems than those in the moderate affective profile.Individual differences and cultural variations should be considered when exploring affective profiles. Future interventions aimed at promoting affective well-being should accommodate dialecticism and individual differences in the target population.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-022-00566-7.

The present study explored the trajectories of depressive symptoms over 12 years spanning from childhood to emerging adulthood and the between-trajectory differences in psychosocial adjustment among Chinese children (N = 492, 52.8% boys, aged 6 to 18 years at baseline) affected by parental HIV. Rebounding (12.6%), resilient (64.8%), and improving (22.6%) trajectories were identified. Individuals in the rebounding trajectory reported the highest levels of psychological distress and the lowest levels of subjective well-being, positive self-regard, and personal strengths in adulthood. Individuals in the resilient trajectory reported lower levels of psychological distress and negative affect than those in the improving trajectory. The findings support the development of programs by policymakers and practitioners to improve the psychosocial adjustment of children who have been affected by parental HIV while considering individual differences in the trajectories of depressive symptoms.

The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of the Child-Caregiver-Advocacy Resilience (ChildCARE) intervention, a multilevel resilience-based psychosocial intervention, on mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms, school anxiety, and loneliness, among children affected by parental HIV in central China. Seven hundred and ninety children (51.6% boys, 6–17 years of age) affected by parental HIV were randomly assigned by cluster to a control group or one of three intervention groups designed to test the three conditions of the ChildCARE intervention (child-only, child + caregiver, child + caregiver + community). Linear mixed-effects modeling was performed to test the intervention effect at 6, 12, and 18 months. The intervention did not yield significant changes in mental health outcomes in the child-only group at any follow-ups, whereas significant reductions in depressive symptoms and loneliness were observed in the child + caregiver group at 12 months. The observed intervention effects were not sustained at 18 months. Also, children who received the additional community component that, was implemented after 12 months did not show larger improvements in mental health outcomes than the control group at 18 months. Lastly, older children (i.e., ≥12 years) were found to benefit more from the intervention than their younger counterparts (i.e.

This study focuses on the role of emotions in personnel selection and faking research. In particular, we posit that emotions are likely to be activated when applicants receive warning messages from organizations. Drawing on Nabi (Nabi, Communication Theory, 9, 1999, 292) cognitive-functional model of discrete negative emotions, we propose and empirically test the effects of three discrete negative emotions (guilt, fear, and anger) triggered by a warning message during a personality test on personality score accuracy and perceived test fairness. Participants in this within-subjects field experiment were 1,447 applicants for graduate school at a large public university in China. They completed two parallel forms of a personality test: one within a selection context, and another within a developmental context 6 months later as a baseline measure. In the selection context, a warning (or a control) message was randomly assigned to participants during the personality test. Emotions and perceived test fairness were measured after the test was completed. Results indicated that guilt, fear, and anger each played a unique role. Guilt explained how mid-test warnings improved personality score accuracy among fakers, whereas fear accounted for why nonfakers over-corrected their personality scores. Finally, anger explained why the mid-test warnings reduced perceived test fairness for both fakers and nonfakers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose To establish an operable and suitable job competence evaluation system for clinical resident physicians (and postgraduates) receiving standardized training that supports quantitative assessment. Method By conducting a comprehensive literature review and a Delphi consultation in June 2022 for which 40 experts in clinical medicine, public health, and other related fields in China were invited. The indicators were adjusted according to the results of the consultation, and the final indicator weights were determined through an analytic hierarchy process. Results The response rate was 100%, and the expert authority coefficient was 0.879. The consistency among the experts on the tertiary indicators, as measured by Kendall’s W, was 0.675 (χ2 = 42.516, p

Although there is substantial evidence for the merits of integrating social and emotional learning (SEL) into educational settings, little empirical research on this learning approach has been conducted in Mainland China. We synthesized the frameworks of Western SEL and the guidelines of Chinese mental health education, and conducted a preliminary assessment of a short-term SEL curriculum that we designed and piloted in an elementary school. We randomly assigned two classes comprising 111 fifth-grade students to take the SEL curriculum (intervention group), and compared them with a third class comprising 53 fifth-grade students assigned the usual curriculum (control group). The results show that the intervention group had a significant increase in emotional intelligence scores after completing the activities in the curriculum, and the control group experienced an increase in feelings of competitiveness. Students in the intervention group generally perceived the SEL curriculum as striking the right balance between enjoyable activities and valuable learning. Our findings imply that it would be a positive educational development to design SEL curricula for systematic use across multiple grades, thus weaving these into the formal Chinese elementary school system.

Multi-objective well control optimization, which considers simultaneous optimization of more than one objective, has become an essential tool for efficient intelligent decision-making about well control parameters. In general, multi-objective well control parameter optimization involves numerical simulation, which is computationally expensive. Surrogate-assisted methods that use a simple yet rigorous approximation model have shown great potential in reducing the need for expensive numerical simulations. In order to strike a balance between reducing computational burden and enhancing accuracy of a surrogate model, we introduce here a semi-supervised learning method called tri-training surrogate-assisted multi-objective optimization (MOO–TTSA), which is based on radial basis function network (RBFN) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to assist the optimization process. The uniqueness of this method is that a tri-training strategy is applied to enrich the training data set by selecting solutions with high-confidence fitness to renew the surrogate model at each generation so as to obtain better accuracy and lessen the computational burden. In this way, the number of simulation runs is reduced while the accuracy of the surrogate is guaranteed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a combination of tri-training technique and MOO is used for reservoir well control problems. The MOO–TTSA method was applied to two benchmark problems and two synthetic reservoirs. The results showed that the MOO–TTSA method reduced the number of simulation runs on the two reservoirs, one for about 160 times and the other for 50 times. Besides, the hypervolumes of both the benchmark and reservoir problems of MOO–TTSA were similar with those of the simulation-based NSGA-II method (NSGA-II), but superior to those of the single static surrogate model-based NSGA-II method (RBFN–NSGA-II). It was shown that the MOO–TTSA method was more efficient, superior and converged faster compared to the other conventional optimization models.

Traditional air-conditioning systems are energy-intensive and contribute to severe environmental pollution. Despite these drawbacks, traditional air conditioners grow increasingly popular in rapidly expanding rural villas, exacerbating environmental concerns. It is very important to develop new technology that may substitute traditional air conditioners for space cooling. In this paper, we developed a nearly-zero-carbon cooling technology (NZCCT) that does not require heat pumps or air-conditioning devices as utilized in traditional indoor-cooling systems. The proposed cooling system employs solar and geothermal energy while using the naturally abundant underground soil space as energy storage. For the novel NZCCT systems, the influences of the rate and the category of circulation fluids, the initial temperature and the volume of underground cold storage, thermal conductivity and the diameter of pipes on the cooling performance in a single house have been modeled using comsol multiphysics. The simulation data have been analyzed, and the results demonstrated that the NZCCT methodology for space cooling in single houses could be realized without using heat pumps and air conditioners. A comfortable temperature could be maintained by using only clean energies. A significant amount of electricity to power heat pumps or air conditioners might be saved. The proposed technology is of great importance to reduce carbon emission from house cooling with traditional air conditioners.

Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are promising for next-generation optoelectronic materials due to their enhanced stability, controllable quantum well thickness and excellent photoelectric properties. The growth of large lateral size, small thickness and high-quality single crystal films is necessary for the practical application of devices. Herein, we report a gas–liquid interface crystalline route to grow BA2PbBr4 (BA = CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3+) single crystal films and achieve wafer size (38 cm2) and thinness as little as 78 nm (aspect ratio > 105). Moreover, an ultraviolet-photodetector of the single crystal thin film presents a dark current of ∼10−14 A, a detectivity of ∼1012 Jones and fast response time (τrise = 9.7 ms and τdecay = 8.8 ms). Our work provides a way to grow 2D perovskite single crystal films with large size and small thickness, which is significant for the development of perovskite-type high-performance optoelectronic devices.

Proper design of fracturing parameters does not only increase the productivity and profitability of shale gas wells but also reduce the damage fracturing fluids cause to fluid-sensitive formations. Unfortunately, fracturing parameters design methods developed so far rely heavily on simulation runs and experience of field engineers. To lessen the computational burden and decrease the risks during fracturing, this study proposes a simple-yet-rigorous rapid intelligent multi-objective decision (RIMOD) method for shale gas fracturing parameters. The proposed RIMOD method includes two key sections, the first one is the squares support vector regression (LSSVR) model for objective evaluation and the other is non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) for finding the best shale gas fracturing parameters. Meanwhile, the flowback ratio of fracturing fluid (FBR) and first-month gas production (PROD) were considered as the objectives while fracturing parameters such as number of fractured sections, proppant amount and fractured length were selected as the decision variables. According to the data from sixty-six fractured horizontal wells from the Changning shale gas reservoirs, the intelligence decision process was completed in less than ten seconds. Furthermore, the accuracy of optimal scenarios in the final Pareto front was tested with the numerical model includes the geological features of the Changning reservoir. It was found that for both FBR and PROD the mean relative errors were less than 4%. It was concluded that, compared with simulation and empirical methods, the proposed RIMOD method could obtain fracturing parameters with greater efficiency and reliable precision. A field engineer could choose a scenario from the final optimal solution set based on the demand of the company. This could be reduction in formation damage or increased single well production. More importantly, once the data of a fractured well is obtained, this approach can be used to immediately establish an intelligent decision model for designing the fracture parameters of newly drilled wells.

Several studies have highlighted that facilitators’ attitudes toward interventions are crucial for implementing innovative psychosocial interventions. However, in the emerging implementation science field, little research has examined how organizational and individual factors may influence teachers’ positive attitudes and readiness toward evidence-based interventions. The current study investigated the association between teachers’ quality of work life and their attitudes toward an innovative psychosocial intervention for children affected by parental HIV/AIDS; the study also probed the potential indirect roles of self-efficacy and burnout. A total of 157 teachers with different levels of involvement in the intervention study were recruited from 47 schools to participate in the investigation. Our results revealed that teachers’ quality of work life was positively associated with their attitudes toward the intervention directly and indirectly through enhanced self-efficacy and reduced burnout. The findings highlight the importance of organizational and individual factors in successfully implementing innovative psychosocial interventions for vulnerable children in organizations such as schools. Researchers should work with organizations to provide the necessary quality of work life and sufficient training to semi-professionals in order to boost their self-efficacy, reduce their burnout, and improve their attitudes toward innovative intervention programs to achieve the expected effectiveness of the interventions, particularly in resource-limited regions such as central rural China.

Taking an integrative etic-emic approach, the current study aimed at developing a culturally contextualized positive youth development (PYD) scale in China. We collected survey data from one sample...

Resilience-based interventions have been suggested to improve mental health among children affected by parental HIV. Very few studies, however, have explicitly tested the mechanisms of change underlying the effects of resilience-based interventions on mental health among this group of children. The present study utilized a cluster randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of the Child-Caregiver-Advocacy Resilience (ChildCARE) intervention on mental health for children affected by parental HIV. Specifically, we examined the effects of the intervention on three mental health outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, school anxiety, loneliness) and whether emotion regulation and coping played mediating roles in the intervention’s effectiveness. Child-caregiver dyads (N = 790) were randomly assigned by clusters to three intervention groups and a control group. Children reported on mental health outcomes for 36 months at 6-month intervals. Latent growth curve models showed that there were no direct impacts of the ChildCARE intervention on changes in mental health outcomes beyond 18-month follow-up. Mediation analyses showed that the ChildCARE intervention yielded significant improvements in positive coping, but not negative coping or emotion regulation at 18 months. Emotion regulation, positive coping, and negative coping were consistently associated with the intercepts (i.e., mean at 18 months) of mental health outcomes. Negative coping also significantly predicted the rates of change of mental health outcomes over time. Findings provide important implications for future resilience-based intervention development and highlight the promise of interventions that aim to strengthen emotion regulation and coping skills to improve mental health for children affected by parental HIV.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of peer victimization–measured at the daily and cumulative levels–on daily negative affect and multiple sleep parameters including subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep continuity (i.e., night awakening) among children affected by parental HIV from rural China. This study also aimed to test the moderation effects of perceived social support and sex in these associations. METHODS: A total of 637 children (50.4% boys, 8–15 years of age) affected by parental HIV self-reported measures on cumulative peer victimization (i.e., the experience of victimization during the past 6 months) and perceived social support. They were also asked to report daily peer victimization, daily negative affect, and sleep outcomes over three consecutive days. RESULTS: Multilevel models showed that cumulative peer victimization was associated with both daily negative affect and night awakenings, whereas these associations became statistically nonsignificant after controlling for trait negative affect. Daily peer victimization was significantly related to daily negative affect. All these associations were consistent for boys and girls. There were no buffering effects of perceived social support on these associations. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that peer victimization may contribute to daily negative emotional experiences among children affected by parental HIV. Interventions targeting psychological wellbeing among children affected by parental HIV may need to incorporate peer victimization component.

Electron delocalization in aromatic materials significantly impacts their third-order nonlinear optics (NLO). Despite organometallic complexes with Craig-Mobius aromaticity attracting great attention for their unusual physicochemical properties, their third-order NLO have been little studied to date. Herein, 12 Craig-Mobius aromatic organometallics with a stable structure similar to osmapentalyne, namely, carbolong complexes, are screened by DFT. They exhibit high third-order NLO responses because of the d and p electron delocalization in the organometallic ring. Furthermore, electron-hole distribution analyses draw a conclusion that extending the conjugated plane will increase the π-conjugation system to enhance the local excitation in the plane, and the introduction of typical aromatic ligands can result in the organometallic ring-to-ligand charge transfer (RLCT), which are effective methods to improve the third-order NLO response. This study opens a new window in the application of Craig-Mobius aromatic complexes and provides a new approach for third-order NLO materials design.

It is quite appealing but challenging to predict and synthesize new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with exceptional performance. Herein, the different Sn4 cluster core structures and third-order NLO properties are studied through electronic structure, excited hole-electron, bonding character, and aromaticity analysis. As a result, Sn4 clusters with ring core structure (Sn4-R) not only have the smallest Egap, the largest UV-vis response intensity, but also the strongest third-order NLO response in our work. As proved by natural bond orbitals' (NBO) analysis, electron localization function (ELF), and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), the Sn44+ has two in-plane four center-two electron (4c-2e) Sn-Sn σ-bonds, resulting in a good delocalization. For the first time, delocalization of metal cluster cores in tin clusters that is beneficial to the third-order NLO response is proposed, which provides a new guidance to design and prepare third-order NLO materials.

This paper studies optimal motion planning of multiple mobile robots with collision avoidance. We develop a distributed reinforcement learning algorithm which ensures suboptimal goal reaching and anytime collision avoidance simultaneously. Theoretical results on the convergence of neural network weights, the uniform and ultimate boundedness of system states of the closed-loop system, and anytime collision avoidance are established. Numerical simulations for single integrator and unicycle robots illustrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.

After committing an error, humans often adopt strategies to change error behaviors, this phenomenon is termed post-error adjustment. The post-error adjustment ability is fundamental to flexible behavior and survival in a complex, varying environment. Resting-state neural activity has been associated with a variety of cognitive abilities, yet its relevance to post-error adjustment has been unclear. Resting-state fMRI is a powerful tool for investigating this spontaneous brain activity, since it can reveal the correlation of the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain and the extrinsic behavior performance. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF, 0.01–0.08 Hz) is widely used as an indicator of spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity. It has been suggested to reflect individual differences in cognitive control and personality traits. Therefore, the investigation of the spontaneous brain activity related to the post-error adjustment will provide novel insight into the understanding of the generation mechanism of post-error adjustment. The current study employed a modified Go/NoGo task to investigate the intrinsic neural correlates of post-error adjustment by analyzing the ALFF. To yield a sufficient number of error trials, we instructed subjects to withhold their responses in two circumstances. (1) When word meaning and the font color of word were inconsistent, this trial was termed as incongruent Nogo; (2) when a word was presented on two consecutive trials (same meaning and same font color). Considering previous studies have demonstrated that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and bilateral insula play an important role in the error monitoring and error adaptation, thus the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral insula were selected as the regions of interest (ROIs) in the present study. Additionally, the small volume correction was performed for multiple comparison. Moreover, since low-frequency fluctuations in the gray matter were higher than those in the white matter, the ALFF was calculated only in the gray matter. As a result, the ALFF-behavior analysis revealed that the magnitude of post-error adjustment in reaction time was not correlated with the ALFF in ACC. However, the magnitude of post-error adjustment in reaction time was positively associated with the ALFF in bilateral insula. Specifically, stronger spontaneous neuronal activity in bilateral insula corresponded to slower post-error adjustments. Together, the findings suggest that spontaneous activity in the bilateral insula may be the neural indicator of the individual difference in post-error adjustment, which may predict the adjustive time of post-error behavior.

OBJECTIVES: The Child-Caregiver-Advocacy Resilience (ChildCARE) intervention aims to enhance the psychosocial wellbeing of children affected by parental HIV by providing programing at three levels: child, caregiver, and community. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the intervention’s efficacy in improving mental health and parenting outcomes for participating caregivers. DESIGN: A cluster randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate initial efficacy of the intervention. METHODS: A total of 790 caregivers of children affected by parental HIV were recruited from Henan, China. Caregivers and their children were randomly assigned to one-of-four intervention arms (control, child-only, child + caregiver, child + caregicaregiver + community) to evaluate the multiple components of ChildCARE. Those assigned to receive the caregiver intervention participated in five 2-h intervention sessions designed to improve their parenting skills and enhance their ability to cope with daily stressors. Caregivers reported on their mental health and parenting behaviors at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months, with mixed effect modeling used to examine intervention effects. RESULTS: Caregivers who participated in the intervention reported decreased anxiety and parental stress at 12 months (P < 0.05). Participants also reported increased use of structured parenting skills (i.e., parental demandingness) at 12 and 24 months (P < 0.05). However, by 36 months, they reported significantly lower levels of parental competence (P < 0.01) than those assigned to the control condition. CONCLUSION: Preliminary findings suggest that the caregiving component of ChildCARE yields initial improvements in some key parenting and mental health outcomes. However, the challenges of caring for children affected by HIV are complex and may require more intensive intervention to yield marked, positive changes across key caregiver outcomes.