Search

N/F co-doped carbon materials prepared with an aniline-type benzoxazine as a carbon precursor show a better catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of 2-methylnapthalene.

Vanadium-titanium-based catalysts are among the most widely used industrial catalysts. This article reviews the progress in research of preparation methods and modification measures of heterogeneous vanadium-titanium-based catalysts. Some traditional and novel preparation methods of vanadium-titanium-based catalysts are described in regard to their advantages and disadvantages, that can provide a reference for researchers in selection of suitable preparation methods according to specific reaction systems. Modifications of vanadium-titanium-based catalysts are also discussed in two aspects, namely (1) doping with other elements, (2) using composite TiO2 or pure TiO2 with special morphology as the support, which can regulate the relevant characteristics and determine the catalytic performance of the catalysts (molecular structures, electronic structures, surface morphology and properties, and structure-reactivity relationships). Additionally, this knowledge of modification or preparation methods can be extrapolated to the research and application of other types of catalysts.

In this work, the graphene oxide/mesoporous silica/polyaniline (GO/mSiO2/PANI) composite was synthesized via in-situ polymerization method. PANI was introduced into the mesoporous channels of mSiO2, followed by dispersion of PANI-containing mSiO2 into the interlayers of GO sheets. The morphology, functional groups, and crystalline phases of GO/mSiO2/PANI composite were scrutinized. The characterization proved the successful incorporation of the PANI nanofibers into mSiO2 and the uniform intercalation of PANI-embedding mSiO2 between the GO sheets. Such unique structure provides the GO/mSiO2/PANI composite electrode with an excellent capacitance up to 1218.4 F g–1 and 92.5% capacitive retention after 1000 cycles. GO/mSiO2/PANI composite could be an excellent electrode material for supercapacitor application.

2-Naphthaldehyde is industrially produced from 2-naphthalene nitrile and 2-naphthoyl chloride in acid. Greener gas-solid catalytic oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene to 2-naphthaldehyde has rarely be...

The solubility of furaneol in 2-butanol, isopropanol, acetone, cyclohexanone, acetonitrile, 1,4‑dioxane, methyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane, and DMF was measured by the equilibrium method under atmospheric pressure at temperatures ranging from 278.15 to 313.15 K. The solubility in experimental pure solvents increased with the increase of temperature. The solubility order of furaneol in selected pure solvents was DMF > chloroform > dichloromethane > 1,4-dioxane > isopropanol > propyl acetate > methyl acetate > cyclohexanone > acetone ≈ 2-butanol > acetonitrile. The experimental data were correlated by four thermodynamic models (Wilson, NRTL, modified Apelblat, and λh), all of the models can give a satisfactory correlation. In addition, mixed thermodynamic properties of Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of furaneol in selected solvents were calculated based on Wilson model.

Benzoxazine monomer (named as B-aptes) was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550), bisphenol A (BPA), and paraformaldehyde. Subsequently, functionalized halloysite nanotubes were obtained by introducing B-aptes onto the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Then, benzoxazine-modified halloysite nanotubes (B-HNTs) were used to combine with BPA epoxy resin to prepare the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)/B-HNTs composites. The homogeneous dispersion state of modified HNTs in the cured composite matrix was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate polymerization behaviors of ternary composites. The results showed that the ternary composite possessed lower polymerization temperature compared with the neat DGEBA/benzoxazine. According to the results of thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of DGEBA/benzoxazine copolymers was improved by the modified HNTs, the char yield increased with the increase of HNTs mass ratio. The results of mechanical tests and dynamic mechanical analysis displayed that the DGEBA/B-HNTs composites possessed promoted mechanical properties.

In this work, nonlinear free vibration of electrostatically actuated micromechanical system has been investigated. These nonlinear solutions are analytically derived. An undamped spring-mass model and dynamic equation of motion are employed for the parallel-plate microelectrostatic actuator. The first analytical approximate period and periodic solution of the mentioned problems are constructed with the help of Galerkin’s method and coupling of Galerkin’s with Newton’s method. In addition, the second and third analytical approximate solutions are also derived. The “exact” solutions are obtained from direct integration. In this work, the well-known static and dynamic pull-in parameters are discussed. Phase trajectory becomes non-periodic with the dynamic pull-in point. The approximate and “exact” solutions of period, phase trajectory, and time-dependent displacement of microelectrostatic actuators at various physical parameters are obtained and compared. It is found that the analytical approximate solutions are not only an explicit expression but also have excellent precision for a wide range of nonlinear vibration with different amplitudes.

Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data for esters + diols + water ternary systems were measured at 101.3 kPa at four different temperatures, namely, 293.15, 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K. The Othmer–To...

Humic acid-derived resin (named “RFH”) is employed for efficiently recovering gold from acidic aqueous solutions. The selectivity and effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration, and tempera...

In this study, the LLE data of ternary system (water + 1,6-diaminohexane + 2-methyl-1-propanol) and (water + 1,6-diaminohexane + 3-methyl-1-butanol) were measured at 293.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Reliability of the experimental tie-line data was checked by empirical Hand, Othmer − Tobias and Bachman equations. Distribution coefficient (D) and selectivity (S) were calculated in order to investigate capability of the studied organic solvents for 1,6-diaminohexane extraction. The high values of separation factors demonstrated that 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were applicable for this purpose. The experimental data were correlated by nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) models. The percent-root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values for NRTL and UNIQUAC models were less than 0.15, which indicated that the experimental data have been sufficiently correlated.

A novel hybrid control strategy combining vector control and current continuous conduction is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of a hybrid-excitation switched reluctance motor (HESRM). Vector control, widely used in ac machines, is redefined in HESRM based on static torque characteristic to simplify an HESRM controller and reduce torque ripple. However, at a high-speed and heavy-load operation, current tracking accuracy deteriorates and torque ripple reduction effect gets worse. Current continuous conduction is combined with vector control to improve current tracking accuracy and maintain smooth torque ripple. In the HESRM, the power generally falls nearly in proportion to the square of speed over based speed, and a traditional control technique can maintain only a narrow constant power range. This novel vector control is easy to achieve phase advance and current continuous conduction simultaneously. By combining these two together, the HESRM can extend the constant power in a wider speed range and efficiency is also improved. Simulations and experiments in different conditions are carried out to verify the effectiveness of a hybrid control strategy.

2-Methylnaphthoquinone is an important chemical product. The catalyst used in the catalytic oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene to 2-methylnaphthoquinone has been a research hotspot. In this paper, benzoxazine derived ordered mesoporous carbon materials were used as catalysts, and their catalytic performance in acetic acid/hydrogen peroxides was investigated. The N/S co-doped carbon material (NSCM) was prepared with thiourea-type benzoxazine as a carbon precursor and SBA-15 as a template. The nitrogen-doped carbon material (NCM) was prepared using the same method using aniline-type benzoxazine as a precursor. The carbon materials were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The results have shown that both carbon materials exhibit worm-like structure and have graphitized amorphous structure. Nitrogen in the carbon materials existed in the form of pyridine nitrogen and pyrrole nitrogen, which caused the surface defects of carbon materials. The surface defects are critical for the enhancement of the catalytic activity of carbon materials. With NSCM and NCM as catalysts, the yields of 2-methylnaphthoquinone were 78.8% and 65.7%, respectively. By comparison, NSCM has higher catalytic activity, and the catalytic activity remains stable after five cycles of use. These results indicate that NSCM has great potential as a highly efficient catalyst for the selective oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene.

Rock is a nonhomogeneous material composed of one or more minerals. The structure and properties of internal mineral crystals have an impact on its macro-mechanical properties. Taking the Longmen Grottoes limestone as the research object, firstly, the mineral composition and macro-mechanical properties of the limestone are obtained, and through simulation and calculation of the crystal structure, chemical bond properties and elastic properties of minerals, this paper reveals how the mineral crystal structure and properties affect the macro-mechanical properties of the rock. Tests show that the main mineral components of the limestone in Longmen Grottoes are calcite and dolomite crystals. The uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus of limestone with different calcite and dolomite contents are obviously different. From the study of crystal structure and chemical bond properties, it is learnt that the calcite and dolomite have similar crystal structures, but due to the difference of the chemical bond strength of Ca-O and Mg-O, the overall calcite crystal has a weaker chemical bond strength than the whole dolomite crystal. The First Principle simulation suggests a correlation between the overall crystal chemical bond strength and elastic modulus of the crystal. Therefore, studying the crystal structure and properties of minerals provides a significant research direction for revealing the mechanism of the macro-mechanical properties of rocks.

The solubility of methyleneaminoacetonitrile in binary (ethanol+water, ethanol+2-propanol, ethanol+ n -butanol) solvents was measured by a laser dynamic method under p = 101.1 kPa at temperatures ranging from 278.15 K to 323.15 K. The solubility increased with increasing temperature at a given solvent composition; the solubility also increased with the increasing content of ethanol at a given temperature. The modified Apelblat equation, λh equation and Jouyban-Acree model were used to correlate the experimental solubility data, the values of RD and RMSD indicated that these models fit solubility data well. The calculated thermodynamic properties of Δ sol H ° , Δ sol S ° , Δ sol G ° showed that the dissolution process in binary solvents was endothermic and entropy-driven.

Saturated vapor pressures of pure dimethyl adipate and isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary system of dimethyl adipate + 1,6-hexanediol at 10, 20, and 99 kPa were determined by a modified Othmer still. All of the VLE data passed the thermodynamic consistency test by Wisniak and Van Ness methods. The experimental data were correlated with the NRTL, Wilson, and UNIQUAC models. The results showed that the UNIQUAC model is slightly better among the three models.

In this study, isothermal saturation method was used to measure and correlate the solubility of musk xylene in ten organic solvents at temperatures ranging from 278.15 K to 313.15 K , including methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran. The experimental results show that the solubility of musk xylene in the selected solvent increases with increasing temperature. The experimental data were correlated by five thermodynamic models, and the results showed that each model can give a satisfactory correlation. In addition, the three kinds of mixed thermodynamic properties of Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of musk xylene in selected solvents were determined by solubility data and Wilson model. It can be seen that the dissolution of musk xylene in a given solvent is spontaneous and entropy driven. Exploring the solubility of musk xylene in different organic solvents and the thermodynamics of dissolution can not only provide basic data for industrial crystallization separation, but also have great significance for its own crystallization and theoretical research.

The solubility of methyleneaminoacetonitrile in methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, water and binary solvents (n-propanol + methanol, water + methanol) was measured by a laser dynamic method under atmospheric pressure at temperature ranging from 278.15 K to 323.15 K. The solubility order of methyleneaminoacetonitrile in pure solvents was methanol > ethanol > n-propanol > water > n-butanol. For binary solvents, the solubility of methyleneaminoacetonitrile increased with increasing the content of methanol. In addition, Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) was also used to explain and predict the solubility behavior. In pure solvents, the experimental solubility data were correlated by modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, NRTL model, and Wilson model; and in binary solvents the experimental solubility data were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, Jouyban-Acree model, and Sun model. The values of RD, RAD, and RMSD indicated that these models fit the solubility data well in pure and binary solvents. The thermodynamic properties (ΔsolH°, ΔsolS°, ΔsolG°, %ξH, %ξTS) of the solution were calculated from the van’t Hoff equation, and the dissolution process was endothermic, and the force for the dissolution process was entropy-driven in pure and binary solvents.

Solubility and liquid-liquid equilibria data for dimethyl adipate +1,6-hexanediol + water or ethylene glycol ternary systems at T = 313.15K and 323.15K under atmospheric pressure were measured. The distribution coefficient and separation factors were calculated according to the tie-line data and water was considered to be the suitable solvent to extract 1,6-hexanediol. The Othmer–Tobias and the Bachman equations were used to test the reliability of the experimental data. Besides, the experimental data were correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. It turned out to be that the calculated results from the two models had good agreement with the experimental data.

In this work, the solubility of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-MNQ, Vitamin K3) and its by-product 2-naphthaldehyde in binary and ternary systems was studied. Three phase diagrams were established based on the experimental solubility data. Each ternary phase diagram contains three crystallization regions (pure 2-MNQ, pure 2-naphthaldehyde and mixture of 2-MNQ and 2-naphthaldehyde), two co-saturated curves and one co-saturated point. The crystalline region of 2-MNQ is larger than that of 2-naphthaldehyde at three temperatures (283.15, 293.15 and 303.15) K. The solubility of the binary (2-MNQ + ethanol and 2-naphthaldehyde + ethanol) system was correlated by λh equation, modified Apelblat equation and NRTL model. The ternary (2-MNQ + 2-naphthaldehyde + ethanol) system was correlated by NRTL model. The calculated values agree well with the determined solubility data. Interaction energy between solute and solvent molecules were calculated to illustrate the solubility behavior of 2-MNQ and 2-naphthaldehyde in ethanol. RDF shows that when adding pure 2-naphthaldehyde in solution of 2-MNQ + ethanol, the interaction between 2-MNQ and ethanol molecules will become stronger, which leads to an increase in solubility of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. This study can provide basic data and theoretical foundation for the separation process.

The solubility of methyleneaminoacetonitrile in binary solvents (ethanol+methanol, 2-propanol+methanol, n‑butanol+methanol) was measured by a laser dynamic method under atmospheric pressure at temperatures ranging from 278.15 K to 323.15 K. The solubility of methyleneaminoacetonitrile in binary solvents increased with increasing temperature and the content of methanol. In addition, Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) were used to explain and predict the solubility behavior. The experimental solubility data in binary solvents were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, Jouyban-Acree model, and Sun model. The values of RD and RMSD indicated that these models fit the solubility data well in binary solvents. The thermodynamic properties (ΔsolH°, ∆solS°, ∆solG°, %ξH, %ξTS) of the solution were calculated from the van't Hoff equation, and the dissolution process was endothermic, and the force of the dissolution process was entropy-driven.

In this study, hexamethylenediamine-phenol-based benzoxazine monomer (Ba-h) was synthesized using 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, phenol, and paraformaldehyde. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were treated with silane coupling agent and succinic anhydride, respectively. Then the pristine and grafted HNTs were used as nano-fillers to modify Ba-h at different mass ratios ranging between 0 and 2.5 wt% via solution processing. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the molecular structure of the monomer. The curing behaviors of the nanocomposites were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of DSC, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis displayed the obvious improvement in the thermal stability of the nanocomposites modified by the grafted HNTs. The results of impact and flexural tests revealed the improvement in the mechanical property of the nanocomposites modified by the pristine HNTs. These enhancements are related to the homogeneous dispersion of HNTs based on the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results.

The solubility of (1R,2R)-(+)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane L-tartrate (DHT) in methanol + water, ethanol + water, and 2-propanol + water mixed solvents were measured using a synthetic method with alcohols mass fractions varying from 0.1 to 0.5 over 278.15 to 318.15 K under atmospheric pressure (P = 0.1 MPa). It was proved that the solubility of DHT in the three binary solvents increased with increasing temperature, while decreased with the mass fraction of alcohols rising. The experimental solubility data were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation and Sun model. The modified Apelblat model showed better agreement with the experimental data than the other model. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters including $$\Delta G_{{{\text{sol}}}}^{^\circ }$$ , $$\Delta H_{{{\text{sol}}}}^{^\circ }$$ , and $$\Delta S_{{{\text{sol}}}}^{^\circ }$$ for DHT in the dissolution process were obtained from Van’t Hoff plots.

In this work, the nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NCM) and nitrogen/sulfur codoped carbon materials (NSCM) were prepared using conventional benzoxazine (BOZ) and sulfur-containing benzoxazine as precursor and SBA-15 as template. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of carbon materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge–discharge. The results show that the as-prepared carbon materials have ordered mesoporous structure, large specific surface area, and excellent electrochemical properties. The NSCM treated at 800 °C exhibit an extremely high specific capacitance of 550 F/g at the current density of 0.5 A/g in 0.5 mol H2SO4 electrolyte, which shows great improvement compared with NCM. The nitrogen/sulfur codoping is suggested to be a very effective method to improve the performance of carbon materials, and the NSCM should be a promising candidate as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

The solubility of 2-cyanoacetamide in N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-propanol, n-butanol, trichloromethane, dichl...

The ternary systems of {(1-butanol or 1-pentanol) + (−)-trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine + water} at (298.2–318.2) K under 100.02 kPa in terms of liquid-liquid equilibrium were investigated. The solubility data of each system were obtained by using cloud point method. For evaluation of extraction ability of the solvents used in this work, the distribution coefficients and separation factors were calculated and 1-pentanol was demonstrated to be very suitable. Besides, Othmer-Tobias and Hand correlation equations were applied to check the consistency of the tie-line data. Furthermore, NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to correlate the experimental data with all the RMSD values less than 2.57%.

Mo-modified V2O5/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation method and investigated for the selective oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene to 2-naphthaldehyde. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, XPS, and Raman to investigate the promotional effect of Mo on catalyst structure, surface property, and catalytic performance. The introduction of molybdenum decreases the amount of KVO3 phase and enhances the dispersion of the vanadium phase. XPS and Raman results indicate that Mo prevents Sn and K to interact with V species and bonds with Ti or V through bridge oxygen. V1Mo1 sample demonstrates a remarkable improvement in conversion and selectivity compared with others.

In this work, the solubility of 4-methylphthalic anhydride in eight organic solvents (methyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, butyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, n-heptane) was studied experimentally by the isothermal saturation method at temperatures from (278.15 to 318.15) K under atmosphere pressure. Results show that the solubility of 4-methylphthalic anhydride in selected organic solvents increases with rising of temperature. Molecular simulation between solute and solvent was applied to reveal the solubility behavior based on density functional theory (DFT). The experimental data were correlated by five thermodynamic models including Van't Hoff equation, modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, NRTL and Wilson model. All the models give acceptable results in regression analysis of the solubility data. The modified Apelblat equation provides a better correlation in this study. The mixing thermodynamic properties including Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of 4-methylphthalic anhydride in selected solvents were also obtained. Outcome shows that the dissolution of 4-methylphthalic anhydride in selected solvents is spontaneous and entropy-driven. This study can provide fundamental data for the separating of 4-methylphthalic anhydride.

In this work, nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NCMs) were prepared using aniline-phenol benzoxazine (BOZ) or aniline-cardanol benzoxazine as the carbon precursor and SBA-15 as the hard template. The effects of the carbonization temperature (700, 800, and 900 &deg, C) and different nitrogen contents on the electrochemical properties of carbon materials were investigated. The samples synthesized using aniline-phenol benzoxazine as precursors and treated at 900 &deg, C (NCM-900) exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance was 460 F/g at a current density of 0.25 A/g and the cycle stability was excellent (96.1% retention rate of the initial capacitance after 2000 cycles) in a 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte with a three-electrode system. Furthermore, NCM-900 also exhibited a high specific capacitance, comparable energy/power densities, and excellent cycling stability using a symmetrical electrode system. The characterization of the morphology and structure of the materials suggests it possessed an ordered mesoporous structure and a large specific surface area. NCM-900 could thus be considered a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.

The solubility of 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (CTP) in (DMF + tetrahydrofuran) and (DMF + isopropanol) solvent mixtures were determined by isothermal static method within the temperature range from 273–303 K under 101.3 kPa pressure. The solubility of CTP increased with increasing temperature and the mass fraction of DMF in the binary solvent systems. On the premise of same temperature and mass fraction of DMF, the solubility of CTP in (DMF + tetrahydrofuran) was higher than that in (DMF + isopropanol). The Jouyban–Acree model, the Van’t-Hoff–Jouyban–Acree model, the modified Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree model and the Sun model were utilized to correlate the obtained experimental solubility data respectively, and the Sun model could well describe the dissolution behavior of CTP in the binary mixtures. On the basis of experimental solubility data, the dissolution enthalpy and the dissolution entropy of the dissolution process were calculated. The dissolution process of CTP in the two kind of mixed solvents was an endothermic process.

The solubility of 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (CTP) in ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, 2‑propanol, methanol, trichloromethane, acetonitrile, and acetone under atmospheric pressure was measured at 273.15–303.15 K. The solubility of CTP in all eight solvents increased with the increase in temperature. The solubility of CTP had a relation with the polarity of the solvents. The modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, Wilson model, and NRTL model were used to correlate the solubility. The standard dissolution enthalpies were also evaluated.

The solubility of 2-naphthaldehyde (2-NA) and 4-methylphthalic anhydride (4-MA) in ethyl acetate at temperatures from 283.15 to 313.15 K and solid–liquid equilibrium of ternary (2-NA + 4-MA + ethyl...

(Liquid + liquid) equilibrium data for the ternary systems of {(2-Methyl-1-propanol or 3-Methyl-1-butanol) + (1R,2R)-(−)-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane + water} were measured at (288.2–318.2) K under atmospheric pressure. The Othmer-Tobias and Hand equations were employed to verify the reliability of the experimental data. Besides, the distribution coefficients and selectivity factors calculated from the experimental tie-line data were applied to evaluate the extraction performance of separating (1R,2R)-(−)-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane from aqueous solution and 3-Methyl-1-butanol was proved to be very promising. Furthermore, the binary interaction parameter values were obtained by correlating the experimental data with NRTL and UNIQUAC models. All the RMSD values were less than 0.0184, indicating that both models can be used to describe the liquid-liquid equilibrium behaviour of the studied systems.

A method of investigating the relationship between morphological evolution and mechanical properties of blends prepared by Micro injection moulding through regulating the process conditions was presented in this paper. The microstructure and microscopic mechanical properties of polycarbonate/poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PC/PET) microparts prepared by micro injection moulding were investigated with respect to the effects of the injection velocity. The PC/PET microparts exhibited typical “skin–core” morphology. Thickness of the skin layer is greater than that of the core layer near the gate of micropart. With an increase in the injection velocity, the core layer became thicker. It was detected that the PET microdomains were selectively located in the core layer in preference to the shear layer with high injection velocity. In addition, the degree of orientation for main chain and pendant group in the PC/PET molecular chains increased first and then decreased with an increase in the injection velocity. Nanoindentation testing showed that the modulus decreased along the flow direction and increased with an increase in the injection velocity, except at very high values. Among the different layers, the highly oriented shear layer had the highest indentation modulus. Keywords: Micro injection moulding, Injection velocity, Orientation evolution, Microstructure, Microscopic mechanical properties

A series of potassium promoted transition metal oxide crossed nanosheets (KTMO-NS: KCo-NS, KMn-NS and KFe-NS) on the monolithic three-dimensional macroporous (3-DM) nickel foam substrate was prepared through the facile hydrothermal and wet impregnation methods, and utilized to evaluate for catalytic soot oxidation. The KTMO-NS catalysts display higher activity than that potassium-free catalysts (TMO-NS) for soot elimination. The results of XPS O1s, Soot-TPR and the amount of active oxygen species indicate that the interaction between potassium and transition metal oxides can generate more oxygen vacancies, so that the catalysts have more active oxygen species, especially for KCo-NS and KFe-NS. Under O2/N2 atmosphere, the KCo-NS and KFe-NS display the higher catalytic activity because of the more surface oxygen species and the stronger interaction between potassium and cobalt/ferric oxide. After introducing NO in the O2/N2 ambient, the KMn-NS possesses the similar catalytic activity with the KFe-NS owing to the higher oxidation ability of NO. Among these catalysts, the KCo-NS shows the highest catalytic soot performance with the lowest T10 (229 °C) and T50 (333 °C), which is higher than the Pt promoted transition metal oxide catalysts.