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The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (GSM) in central East Antarctica are completely buried beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The GSM are known to be underlain by anomalously thick crust (~50–60 km) and ~200 km thick Precambrian lithosphere, but their crustal-scale geology remains less well- studied. Little is known about the 3D heterogeneity in crustal architecture beneath the GSM, and how this may relate to larger-scale tectonic processes responsible for Gondwana amalgamation.Here, we use airborne gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies to explore the crustal architecture of the GSM in unprecedented detail. The gravity and magnetic images show three distinct geophysical domains, and a dense lower crustal root is modelled beneath the northern and central domains. We propose that the root may reflect magmatic underplating, associated with Pan-African age back-arc basin formation and inversion, followed by the collision of Australo-Antarctica and Indo-Antarctica. The high frequency linear magnetic patterns parallel to the Gamburtsev Suture zone, suggest that the upper crustal architecture is dominated by thrust and strike-slip faults, formed within a large-scale transpressional fault system.We calculated a 2D gravity and magnetic model along a passive seismic profile to investigate the crustal architecture of the GSM, with the aid of depth to magnetic source estimates. By combining the crustal model with geological constraints, we propose a new evolutionary model suggesting that the crust of the northern and central GSM domains formed part of a cryptic accretionary orogen, of proposed Pan-African (~650-550 Ma?) age. The inferred accretionary stage was followed by continental collision (~540-520 Ma?) along the Gamburtsev suture, which is linked here to Gondwana amalgamation.

Background: Biochemical conversion of lignocellulose typically includes hydrothermal pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification of cellulose, fermentation of sugars, and valorization of the lignin-rich residue. However, by-products from the hydrothermal pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass inhibit enzymatic saccharification and microbial fermentation. Conditioning of slurries or hydrolysates is used to alleviate inhibition problems and make subsequent bioprocessing steps more efficient. Results: Three long-chain organic extractants (Alamine 336, Aliquat 336, and Cyanex 921) were compared to two conventional organic solvents (ethyl acetate and xylene) with regard to conditioning of birch wood pretreatment liquid (BWPL) for improved saccharification and fermentation. Removal of by-products typically increased in the order Alamine 336 < Cyanex 921 < Aliquat 336, which was in accordance with increase of their topological polar surface area (TPSA) values. Enzymatic digestibility, assayed as improved glucose formation from microcrystalline cellulose compared to an untreated BWPL control, increased with 19-33% after extraction with the long-chain organic extractants. Xylene treatment also improved saccharification, whereas ethyl acetate treatment worsened saccharification. Aliquat 336 was most efficient in improving enzymatic digestibility, but it was toxic to yeast cells, and residual Aliquat 336 after the extraction caused fermentation problems. Fermentations using Cyanex-921-extracted BWPL resulted in the best ethanol yield, 0.34±0.02 g/g on initial fermentable sugars. Extraction with xylene also resulted in relatively high ethanol yield, 0.29±0.02 g/g, while cultures with media consisting of untreated BWPL or BWPL treated with the other extractants exhibited no ethanol formation. Conclusions: We investigated for the first time the effects of conditioning with long-chain organic extractants on both enzymatic saccharification and microbial fermentation with yeast. The extractants efficiently promoted enzymatic saccharification in the presence of pretreatment liquid, with potential to recover inhibitory substances, such as aliphatic acids. The effects on the fermentability could be positive or negative, depending on if the extractant itself is toxic to the fermenting microorganism.

Obtaining horizontal edges and the buried depths of geological bodies, using potential field tensor data directly is an outstanding question. The largest eigenvalue of the structure tensor is one of the commonly used edge detectors for delineating the horizontal edges without depth information of the potential field tensor data. In this study, we presented a normalized largest eigenvalue of structure tensor method based on the normalized downward continuation (NDC) to invert the source location parameters without any priori information. To improve the stability and accuracy of the NDC calculation, the Chebyshev–Pade´ approximation downward continuation method was introduced to obtain the potential field data on different depth levels. The new approach was tested on various models data with and without noise, which validated that it can simultaneously obtain the horizontal edges and the buried depths of the geological bodies. The satisfactory results demonstrated that the normalized largest eigenvalue of structure tensor can describe the locations of geological sources and decrease the noise interference magnified by the downward continuation. Finally, the method was applied to the gravity data over the Humble salt dome in USA, and the near-bottom magnetic data over the Southwest Indian Ridge. The results show a good correspondence to the results of previous work.

Marine gravimeter has been proved to be the primary technique to efficiently obtain middle-to-short wavelength signals of the earth’s gravity field in geodesy, geodynamics and marine sciences research. In recent years, some prototypes of inertial platform and strapdown marine gravimeters have been developed, where the inertial platform gravimeter systems include CHZ-II and ZL11, and strapdown gravimeter systems include SAG-2M and SGA-WZ. In order to validate the performance of these marine gravimeter prototypes, a synchronous test with the widely used gravimeters GT-2M and LCR arranged on the same vessel was carried out in the north of South China Sea. All the data are processed according to the survey standard flow, and the performance is estimated by analyzing the errors of the repeat lines and the crossover points under the same environment. The compared results show that all the six gravimeters can meet the precision requirement of marine gravity survey. Meanwhile, the precision results of the improved gravimeters can get close to the precision of gravimeter GT-2M, higher than the precision gravimeter LCR.

China is the world’s biggest coal producer and is rich in coal resources. But lignite is one of the coal resources with a lower utilization rate and added value. How to improve its utilization rate and added value has drawn great interest among researchers. Potassium fulvic acid is successfully extracted from 29 lignites collected from different regions of the country, and treated with alkali and sulfonation. The results show that the yield of potassium fulvic acid from lignite from Xinjiang coal mines is relatively high, while from Yunnan coal mines are relatively low. After the orthogonal experiment, the order of the influencing factors of this experiment is explored as follows: potassium hydroxide>formaldehyde>temperature>sodium sulfite>time. The best process conditions are 13% potassium hydroxide, 70°C, 2 h, 6 % formaldehyde, and 17% sodium sulfite.

Sanghuangporus baumii, is a widely used medicinal fungus. The polyphenols extracted from this fungus exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. In this study, polyphenols from the fruiting bodies of S. baumii were obtained using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction method. The factors affecting the extraction yield were investigated at different conditions. Based on the results from single-factor experiments, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The scavenging ability of the polyphenols on •OH, DPPH, and ABTS+ was determined. The results showed that the DES system composed of choline chloride and malic acid had the best extraction yield (6.37 mg/g). The optimal extraction parameters for response surface methodology were as follows: 42 min, 58 ℃, 1:34 solid–liquid (mg/mL), and water content of 39%. Under these conditions, the yield of polyphenols was the highest (12.58 mg/g). At 0.30 mg/mL, the scavenging ability of the polyphenols on •OH, DPPH, and ABTS+ was 95.71%, 91.08%, and 85.52%, respectively. Thus, the method using DES was more effective than the conventional method of extracting phenolic compounds from the fruiting bodies of S. baumii. Moreover, the extracted polyphenols exhibited potent antioxidant activity.

cited By 1 Skeletal muscle wasting is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. However, the link between kidney and muscle function remains poorly understood. Here, we took a complementary interorgan approach to investigate skeletal muscle wasting in CKD. We identified increased production and elevated blood levels of soluble pro-cachectic factors, including activin A, directly linking experimental and human CKD to skeletal muscle wasting programs. Single-cell sequencing data identified the expression of activin A in specific kidney cell populations of fibroblasts and cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. We propose that persistent and increased kidney production of procachectic factors, combined with a lack of kidney clearance, facilitates a vicious kidney/muscle signaling cycle, leading to exacerbated blood accumulation and, thereby, skeletal muscle wasting. Systemic pharmacological blockade of activin A using soluble activin receptor type IIB ligand trap as well as muscle-specific adeno-associated virus-mediated downregulation of its receptor ACVR2A/B prevented muscle wasting in different mouse models of experimental CKD, suggesting that activin A is a key factor in CKD-induced cachexia. In summary, we uncovered a crosstalk between kidney and muscle and propose modulation of activin signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for skeletal muscle wasting in CKD.

The impact of strain selection and culture conditions on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) productivity and quality was investigated by using four strains, static and agitated cultures, and an initial pH in the range 4-6. With agitation, strain DHU-ATCC-1 displayed highest productivity [1.14 g/(L × d)]. In static cultures, DHU-ZGD-1186 exhibited superior BNC yield on consumed glucose (0.79 g/g), and lowest by-product formation with respect to gluconic acids [≤0.07 g/(L × d)]. By-product formation typically decreased in the order gluconic acid2-keto-gluconic acid5-keto-gluconic acid, and was lowest in cultures with high initial pH. The BNC from DHU-ZGD-1186 exhibited higher average viscometric degree of polymerization (DP

Studies of downward continuation mainly focused on improving the stability more than depth calculation. Stable downward continuation is a promising technique for estimating the depth of sources. In this study, based on the filter curve in wave number domain, a new depth estimation method was developed using the Chebyshev‐Padé downward continuation method. First, the filter curves of Tikhonov regularized method and the Chebyshev‐Padé downward continuation method in wave number domain were compared. We concluded the reason that the Tikhonov regularized method can be used to obtain the depth information is that the filter curve converges to zero. Therefore, to use the Chebyshev‐Padé downward continuation method for calculating the depth, a simple low‐pass filter based on upward continuation was used to improve it in the wave number domain, making the filter curve of the new improved method converge to zero. Similar to the Tikhonov regularized method, our new method can obtain the depth information when calculating downward continuation data from the original level to an expected maximum depth level. To verify the effectivity, different synthetic models were used to test our method, indicating that the new method can achieve a more reasonable depth compared to the Tikhonov regularized method. Finally, the new method was applied to real magnetic data collected using unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys to test on a big car in Southeastern Zhejiang, China. The calculated depth matches with its actual depth. These results show that the new method is a useful depth estimation tool for potential field sources.

The effects of the redox environment on acidic hydrothermal pretreatment were investigated in experiments with sugarcane bagasse (190 degrees C, 14 min) and Norway spruce (205 degrees C, 5 min). To modulate the redox environment, pretreatment was performed without gas addition, with N-2 , or with O-2. Analyses covered pretreated solids, pretreatment liquids, condensates, enzymatic digestibility, and inhibitory effects of pretreatment liquids on yeast. Addition of gas, especially O-2 , resulted in increased severity, as reflected by up to 18 percent units lower recoveries of pretreated solids, up to 31 percent units lower glucan recoveries, improved hemicellulose removal, formation of pseudo-lignin, improved overall glucan conversion, and increased concentrations of several microbial inhibitors. Some inhibitors, such as formaldehyde and coniferyl aldehyde, did not, however, follow that pattern. TAC (Total Aromatic Content) values reflected inhibitory effects of pretreatment liquids. This study demonstrates how gas addition can be used to modulate the severity of acidic hydrothermal pretreatment.

Wood chips of Norway spruce were pretreated by steam explosion at 195-215 °C after impregnation with either sulfuric acid (SA) or sulfur dioxide (SD). The effects of different pretreatment conditions on formation of microbial inhibitors were investigated, and the inhibitory effects on yeast of pretreatment liquids and of specific inhibitors that were found in the pretreatment liquids were elucidated. Whereas the concentrations of most inhibitors increased with increasing pretreatment temperatures, there were exceptions, such as formaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The highest concentration of each inhibitor was typically found in SD-pretreated material, but formic acid was an exception. The toxic effects on yeast were studied using concentrations corresponding to loadings of 12 and 20% total solids (TS). Among individual inhibitors that were quantitated in pretreatment liquids, the concentrations of formaldehyde were by far most toxic. There was no or minimal yeast growth in the formaldehyde concentration range (5.8-7.7 mM) corresponding to 12% TS.

BACKGROUND More extensive utilization of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is severely restricted by the low efficiency and small scale of the traditional static cultivation. Submerged fermentation in ...

Aeromagnetic three-component data contain a large amount of geomagnetic information, which can help to obtain a quantitative interpretation of a magnetic anomaly and to improve the identification accuracy of an abnormal body. However, aeromagnetic three-component data of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) include the carrier fixed interference error, inductive interference error, eddy current interference error, and attitude error. Therefore, carrier interference compensation and attitude compensation are necessary to obtain three-component data in a geographical coordinate system. This paper analyzes the difference of six types of attitude conversion matrices for the mutual conversion between the geographic and carrier coordinate systems. Based on the analysis results, the yaw-pitch-roll sequence has the smallest error when calculating the attitude conversion, so the compensation sequence of the roll-pitch-yaw is selected for attitude compensation. The characteristics of the UAV carrier interference error are also analyzed. A low-pass filter is set up for data preprocessing according to the high-frequency characteristics of the carrier eddy current interference, and carrier fixed interference and induction interference compensation models are constructed based on the Tolles-Lawson model. The aeromagnetic three-component comprehensive compensation error objective function is established by integrating attitude compensation and carrier interference compensation. In addition, an adaptive step-size cuckoo algorithm is proposed to obtain the minimum value of the objective function to solve 12 compensation parameters so that the accurate three-component data can be obtained quickly, efficiently, and accurately. Finally, a comprehensive compensation experiment is performed on the three-component aeromagnetic data , and the mean error of the three-component data after compensation is reduced to less than 0.72 nT.

In this paper, we proposed a fast interpretation method for gravity gradiometry data, based on the magnetic dipole localization method. It could automatically and rapidly locate the horizontal and vertical positions of gravity targets without prior information. This method was successfully tested on synthetic data. Compared with gradient ratio method (tilt-depth) and Euler deconvolution, our method provided good performance in the gravity gradiometry data with high noise levels and superimposed fields. Point selection was processed among the inversion results to improve the resolution of our method. Statistical analysis and Gaussian fitting were also used to improve the stability and accuracy of the calculation. Finally, we applied this algorithm to gravity gradiometry data over Vinton Dome; the results are consistent with previous research in this area.

Various methods to calculate the underground interface caused by the density contrast across different media were proposed. The density contrasts of these methods are from the earlier simple constant to the later realistic variable, and the variable density contrast of exponential is mostly used. But these previous approaches still involve a divergent term in the iteration process. In this article, we put forward an improved iteration inversion, which can avoid the divergent term and give an inversion with exponential variable density to fit in with the actual demand. Compared with the original method, this new inversion method obtains a more convergent and reasonable result. The new inversion method is demonstrated on synthetic data, which obtains a more accurate result. And we also apply it to real data of Xujiaweizi area in China to verify the performance of this method.

Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 23770 was statically cultivated in eight culture media based on different carbon sources, viz. seven biomass‐derived sugars and one sugar mixture. The productivity and quality of the bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced in the different media were compared. Highest volumetric productivity, yield on consumed sugar, viscometric degree of polymerization (DPv, 4350–4400) and thermal stability were achieved using media based on glucose or maltose. Growth in media based on xylose, mannose or galactose resulted in lower volumetric productivity and DPv, but in larger fibril diameter and higher crystallinity (76–78%). Growth in medium based on a synthetic sugar mixture resembling the composition of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate promoted BNC productivity and yield, but decreased fibril diameter, DPv, crystallinity and thermal stability. This work shows that volumetric productivity, yield and properties of BNC are highly affected by the carbon source, and indicates how industrially relevant sugar mixtures would affect these characteristics. Bio4Energy

In this paper, the content of the standardization study on electrolysis method trace water analyzer in the safety construction of CNG refueling station are briefly described. Combined with the working environment of the instrument and the research on the standardization of the safety standards of CNG refueling station and the selection criteria of instrument and equipment, the safety construction of the CNG refueling station and the application of the trace water analyzer are analyzed. In this article, a special coating method and reasonable ratio for electrolytic media are used in the external electrolytic cell. And an intelligent PID algorithm is used to control the constant temperature of the refueling path of the electrolytic cell, which can be quickly and continuously stabilized at the 0.01 order of magnitude. The detection limit is 0.01ppM, the electrolysis efficiency is 98%, and the working life of the electrolytic cell can be maintained once every 2 years. It can effectively prevent the ice plugging phenomenon and the pipeline corrosion accident of the on-site compressor. To a great extent, the safe operation of CNG refueling station is guaranteed.

A derivative formula for interface inversion using gravity anomalies, combining the Parker–Oldenburg method for calculating and inverting gravity anomalies with Xu’s iteration method for continuing potential fields, leads to a convergent inversion algorithm and an optimally located density interface geometry. In this algorithm, no filtering or any other convergence control techniques are needed during iteration. The method readily iterates the variable depth of the gravity interface by means of upward continuation in a form equivalent to inversion iteration in the Fourier domain instead of the divergent, downward continuation term. This iteration algorithm not only efficiently solves the divergence problem in the inversion iteration procedure but also validly obtains an excellent result for the density interface. A numerical example is presented to illustrate perfect execution of this approach in gravity exploration, and a real geophysical example of inversion of the Moho depth by means of this approach using a set of measured gravity anomalies over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China is offered.

Developing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae system for optimizing the expression of recombinant eukaryotic proteins. Two deletion mutants, which were hypersensitive to H2O2, were obtained by knocking out CTT1 and SOD2, respectively. The mutation rate of the mutants was up to over 4000 times of the spontaneous mutation rate when treated with H2O2. Endoglucanase Cel5A was used as a model enzyme to evaluate the system for improving the expression of the recombinant protein. Sixteen mutants of the RDKY3615 (ctt1∆) transformant and seven mutants of the RDKY3615 (sod2∆) transformant had significantly high Cel5A activity, while none mutants of the RDKY3615 transformant had significantly high enzyme activity. The combination of deletion mutagenesis and H2O2 treatment greatly accelerate the generation of genetic variants and will be a useful tool in improving the heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae.

Utilization of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) for large-scale applications is restricted by low productivity in static cultures and by the high cost of the medium. Fiber sludge, a waste stream from pulp and paper mills, was enzymatically hydrolyzed to sugar, which was used for the production of BNC by the submerged cultivation of Komagataeibacter xylinus. Compared with a synthetic glucose-based medium, the productivity of purified BNC from the fiber sludge hydrolysate using shake-flasks was enhanced from 0.11 to 0.17 g/(L x d), although the average viscometric degree of polymerization (DPv) decreased from 6760 to 6050. The cultivation conditions used in stirred-tank reactors (STRs), including the stirring speed, the airflow, and the pH, were also investigated. Using STRs, the BNC productivity in fiber-sludge medium was increased to 0.32 g/(L x d) and the DPv was increased to 6650. BNC produced from the fiber sludge hydrolysate was used as an additive in papermaking based on the chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) of birch. The introduction of BNC resulted in a significant enhancement of the mechanical strength of the paper sheets. With 10% (w/w) BNC in the CTMP/BNC mixture, the tear resistance was enhanced by 140%. SEM images showed that the BNC cross-linked and covered the surface of the CTMP fibers, resulting in enhanced mechanical strength. Bio4Energy

The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains are completely buried by the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and hence are one of the most enigmatic tectonic features on Earth. The mountain range is underlain by 50-60 km thick crust and seismically fast Precambrian lithosphere, which is over 200 km thick. Here we present gravity and aeromagnetic images derived from the AGAP aerogeophysical survey, depth to magnetic source estimates and a joint forward magnetic and gravity model along an independent passive seismic line to investigate the crustal structure of the Gamburtsev Province. The magnetic and gravity images reveal three distinct geophysical domains, namely the Northern, Central and Southern Gamburtsev domains, sandwiched in between the South Pole and the Southern Lambert provinces. We interpret these domains as reflecting segments of an inferred early Neoproterozoic (ca 1 Ga) accretionary orogen, which may have been reactivated during Pan-African (ca 550 Ma) collisional events linked to Gondwana assembly. Our gravity model confirms the presence of a dense lower crustal root beneath the northern and central Gamburtsev domains, where the crust is up to 58 km thick. The magnetic modelling suggests that the upper crustal architecture is dominated by south verging thrust faults in the Northern Domain and north verging thrust faults in the Southern Central Domain. Our modelling results are a first step towards comprehending the complex 3D orogenic architecture of the Gamburtsev Province and its broader linkages with Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinent assembly in interior East Antarctica.

Hydrothermal pretreatment improves bioconversion of lignocellulose, but the effects of different acid catalysts are poorly understood. The effects of sulfuric acid (SA) and sulfur dioxide (SD) in continuous steam pretreatment of wood of Norway spruce were compared in the temperature range 195 degrees C-215 degrees C. The inhibitory effects of the pretreatment liquid on cellulolytic enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were higher for SD-than for SApretreated material, and the inhibitory effects increased with increasing pretreatment temperature. However, the susceptibility to cellulolytic enzymes of wood pretreated with SD was 2.0-2.9 times higher than that of wood pretreated with SA at the same temperature. Data conclusively show that the superior convertibility of SDpretreated material was not due to inhibition phenomena but rather to the greater capability of the SD pretreatment to reduce the particle size through partial delignification and cellulose degradation. Particle size was shown to be correlated with enzymatic digestibility (R-2 0.97-0.98). Bio4Energy

Additional file 2: Table S2. Number of genes regulated by the seven transcription factors, and associated MIPS Functional Categories.

Background: Through pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification lignocellulosic biomass has great potential as a low-cost feedstock for production of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a high value-added microbial product, but inhibitors formed during pretreatment remain challenging. In this study, the tolerance to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors of three new BNC-producing strains were compared to that of Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 23770. Inhibitors studied included furan aldehydes (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and phenolic compounds (coniferyl aldehyde and vanillin). The performance of the four strains in the presence and absence of the inhibitors was assessed using static cultures, and their capability to convert inhibitors by oxidation and reduction was analyzed. Results: Although two of the new strains were more sensitive than ATCC 23770 to furan aldehydes, one of the new strains showed superior resistance to both furan aldehydes and phenols, and also displayed high volumetric BNC yield (up to 14.78 ± 0.43 g/L) and high BNC yield on consumed sugar (0.59 ± 0.02 g/g). The inhibitors were oxidized and/or reduced by the strains to be less toxic. The four strains exhibited strong similarities with regard to predominant bioconversion products from the inhibitors, but displayed different capacity to convert the inhibitors, which may be related to the differences in inhibitor tolerance. Conclusions: This investigation provides information on different performance of four BNC-producing strains in the presence of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors. The results will be of benefit to the selection of more suitable strains for utilization of lignocellulosics in the process of BNC-production. Bio4Energy

A self-centering energy dissipation brace (SEDB) with an arc steel plate was designed to improve the seismic performance of a structure and reduce the residual structural deformation after an earthquake. Seven groups of self-centering energy dissipation brace models of arc steel plates with different configurations were established based on ABAQUS software. A method for calculating the internal forces, stiffness, yield displacement and yield load of a brace was derived and shows agreement with theoretical values. This brace shows a favorable hysteretic performance that corresponds to its full, flag-shaped hysteretic curve. The stiffness transition of various stages is smooth and stable. The maximum residual deformation of the component is 3.75 mm and decreases as prepressing of the disc springs is increased. The component's reset performance can be fully utilized to satisfy specific needs. The advised values for designing the energy dissipation components of an arc steel plate are described as follows: 1/250 of a radian, width of 50–80 mm and thickness of 20 mm. The damping force, damping displacement and brace stiffness of the SEDB can be adjusted by the structural parameters of the arc steel plate to satisfy the engineering requirements.

In this study, four N-glycosylation sites, Asn45, Asn64, Asn270 and Asn384 of Hypocrea jecorina (syn. Trichoderma reesei) Cel7A (family 7 cellobiohydrolase I) were replaced by serines using site-directed mutagenesis. These four mutants and wild type H. jecorina Cel7A gene were transformed into P. pastoris, and the recombinant enzymes were purified and analyzed. The enzymatic activities of recombinant Cel7A (rCel7A), and mutants N45S, N270S and N384S were very low while mutant N64S displayed about seven times higher activity than that of rCel7A, and about 10% of the wild-type Cel7A activity from H. jecorina. The results indicate that N-glycosylation of Asn64 had an effect on the activity of the Cel7A enzyme expressed in P. pastoris, and that glycosylation at this site would be only a subordinate reason for the low activity of the recombinant enzyme.

The analytic signal is always used to define the location of geologic bodies, and is slightly dependent on the magnetization direction. In order to locate the UXO anomaly position, the analytic signal is applied to the total magnetic intensity (TMI) UXO data processed by median filtering in Oasis Montaj, which performs better than the conventional analytic signal. A typical UXO anomaly is extracted from the original TMI data to invert for its depth by a combined analytic signal and Euler method successfully.

This paper is dedicated to an intelligent visualization system for landslide monitoring, whereas wireless sensor network is deployed for observing and detecting the dynamic changes of the landslide body at an experiment site. The visualization system is designed and implemented to visualize the spatial distribution of the employed sensors and the data of these sensors. Through the visualization-supported data analysis, the system will be capable of alert for possible critical events such as landslide surface failure. The experimental results show the initial functions and prototype capabilities of the system.