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The feature attribute set covering the device ontology, operation state, maintenance and other equipment life trajectory process is extracted, the relaying protection equipment tagging is established, and the personalized recommendation of equipment operation and maintenance is made, which can provide technical support for the operation and maintenance, maintenance and technical upgrading of the relaying protection equipment efficiently. This paper analyzes the basic attributes and behavior attributes of the relay protection equipment, and establishes the tagging system of the relay protection equipment. On this basis, a joint probability matrix factorization recommendation algorithm based on equipment tags nearest neighbor selection is proposed. By using the feature information of the equipment tag, the approximate feature vectors of the device and the item are established and combined into a joint probability matrix factorization. The algorithm based on neighborhood influence considers the relationship among devices, items and tags, weakens the sparsity of tag information and rating information, and improves the recommendation quality.

Background It is known that organ transplant recipients have a significantly higher risk for developing cancers, but the association between immunosuppression in organ transplantation and the risk for prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. We aimed to assess the evidence regarding the association of solid organ transplantation with PCa risk. Methods A literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed up to March 2019. Combined relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using a fixed-effect or random-effect model. Results In total, 26 articles including 33 independent population-based cohort studies with 556,812 recipients and 2,438 PCa cases were identified and included in this meta-analysis. PCa risk in the solid organ transplant recipients did not increase compared with the general population (RR=1.04; 95% CI: 0.90–1.18). Independent analysis of different kinds of organ replacements further indicated immune inhibition in the transplantation of kidney, liver, heart, and lung, and was not associated with elevated PCa risk (RR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.83–0.95; RR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.21–1.02; RR=1.70, 95% CI: 0.88–2.52; RR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.57–1.16, respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrated that immunosuppression in solid organ transplant recipients was not associated with higher PCa risk.

Background: Podocyte injury plays a key role in the development of proteinuria. We previously found that the intracellular inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)- glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75)- voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)- mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) calcium axis contributes to podocyte injury in cultured mouse podocytes. This study investigated whether the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis is involved in the development and improvement of proteinuria in nephropathy rats. Methods: The expression of members of the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis in the renal cortex of a previously established adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy rat model and cultured mouse podocytes was investigated by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The effects of ruthenium red (RR), an MCU inhibitor, on interactions in the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis were investigated by in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assays. Results: In adriamycin induced nephropathy rat, the expression of members of the glomerular IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis increased significantly compared with the normal control rats. RR inhibited the upregulation of members of the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis induced by ADR and their interactions. Conclusion: The IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis is involved in proteinuria in ADR-induced nephropathy and can be inhibited by RR.

Tissue-engineered urethra with autologous cells seeded on biodegradable scaffolds offers an alternative for lower urinary tract reconstruction. Rabbit is most commonly used as an animal model in urethra and bladder tissue repair. The goal of this study is to characterize rabbit urine-derived stem cells (rUSC) and induce these cells to differentiate into urothelial and smooth muscle cells as an autologous cell source for potential use in lower urinary tract tissue regeneration in a rabbit model. We successfully cultured rUSC from 12 urine samples and 13 bladder wash samples of six rabbits. rUSC colonies appeared more in the bladder wash solution (2–4/15 ml) than those in the urine samples (1–2 clones/15 ml urine). The cells displayed rice grain-like in morphology. Mean population doubling of rUSC was 48.5 ± 6.2 and average doubling time was 25.7 ± 8.4 h, indicating that a single of rUSC clone generated about 4 × 1014 cells in 50 days. The rUSC were positive for CD29, CD90 and CD105 but negative for CD31, CD34 and CD45 in flow cytometry. When exposed to PDGF-BB and TGF-β1, these cells could differentiate into spindle-like cells, expressing smooth muscle-specific proteins, including α-smooth muscle action, desmin and myosin. Urothelially differentiated rUSC expressed urothelial-specific proteins, i.e., AE1/AE3 and E-cadherin when exposed to epidermal growth factor (EGF). Osteogenic-differentiated rUSC expressed osteogenic marker, i.e., alkaline phosphatase when exposed to serum containing DMEM low-glucose medium with osteogenic supplements. In conclusion, rUSC can be isolated from bladder wash or urine samples and cultured in vitro. There stem cells possess strong proliferative ability and are capable of differentiating in urothelial, myogenic and osteogenic lineages. Thus, rUSC are a potential alternative autologous cell source for lower urinary tract repair with tissue engineering technology in a rabbit model.

A quick, simple, and reliable method was developed for the simultaneous determination of free and total choline and l-carnitine in infant formula employing a novel hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method. Microwave-assisted hydrolysis was used to shorten the hydrolysis time to only 15 min. A novel Click XIon zwitterionic stationary phase was chosen because it gave better retention, perfect resolution, and sharper symmetrical peaks compared to traditional columns. The matrix effect under different experimental conditions was evaluated by using the matrix effect factor, which employs stable isotopically labeled internal standards and is more appropriate for evaluating the matrix effect related to endogenous analytes. The accuracy and precision of the method were validated with certified reference materials. The fortified recovery values for choline and l-carnitine were between 85.0 and 104% with relevant standard deviations

A fast, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of fipronil and its metabolites (fipronil-sulfone, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil-desulfynil) in eggs was developed by a modified quick,...

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of two hydrophilic aminoglycosides, kasugamycin and validamycin-A, in a variety of matrices (apples, cabbage, cucumbers, lettuce, tomatoes, and eggplant) has been developed. The proposed method provides sufficient sensitivity and excellent chromatographic performance using a special ReproSil 100 C18 column with 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase additive. Accurate mass information for both analytes was obtained based on time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. The methanol/water (70 : 30, v/v) with pH adjusted to 5.5 was selected as the extraction solvent. The combination of hydrophilic–hydrophobic-balanced (HLB) cartridges with strong cation exchange SCX cartridges was used to purify the extracts with strongly polar compounds and satisfactory results were obtained. The consecutive solid-phase extraction minimized signal suppression/enhancement which led to matrix effects in the range of −12.6 to 6.11% only. Recovery experiments were performed for both compounds at three levels (50, 100, and 500 μg kg−1) in six different matrices and yielded good recoveries ranging from 81.7% to 108% with relative standard deviation values below 13%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for kasugamycin and validamycin-A were 4.1 μg kg−1 and 1.0 μg kg−1, respectively.

Aroma plays an important role in fruit quality and varies among different fruit cultivars. In this study, a sensitive and accurate method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC&times, GC-TOFMS) was developed to comprehensively compare aroma components of five pear cultivars. In total, 241 volatile compounds were identified and the predominant volatile compounds were esters (101 compounds), followed by alcohols (20 compounds) and aldehydes (28 compounds). The longyuanyangli has the highest relative concentration (838.12 ng/g), while the Packham has the lowest (208.45 ng/g). This study provides a practical method for pear aroma analysis using SPME and GC&times, GC-TOFMS.

A simplified QuEChERS method coupled with a small injection volume was developed for the simultaneous determination of 28 pesticides in 6 matrices (apples, cucumbers, tomatoes, luffa, cabbages, and eggplants) using LC-MS/MS. In the sample procedure, acetonitrile with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid was used to extract and no depurative powder was used. Three fortified levels (10, 50, and 100 μg kg−1) were determined and the recoveries of 168 analyte/matrix combinations were in the range of 60–120% except for cyromazin, pendimethalin, and fenpropathrin. Half of the 168 LOQs were below 0.1 μg kg−1, and 29 LOQs were above 1 μg kg−1. Moreover, four relationships between signal suppression and injection volume were observed ranging from 0.5 μL to 15 μL. For many analyte/matrix combinations, the matrix effects could be reduced to less than 20% if the injection volume was less than a critical value (named critical volume). The critical volume depending on the initial extent of matrix effects was explored and the conclusion was: for weak or medium MEs, usually ≤2 μL injection volume was needed and for several weak MEs, injection volume ≤ 5 μL can reduce the matrix effect to a negligible level.

The vertical distribution patterns, the source and correlation of heavy metals were characterized in the bulk soil and different soil aggregates of arable red soil profile (0-100 cm) in Hunan province. Their response to organic carbons in proflie was explored as well. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that elements could be divided into two principal components, the metals of the first group were Zn,Cu,Pb,As,Cd, and the second group metals were Cr, Ni. Priniciple component elements had similar sources. In 0-30 cm, The first group metals decreased with increasing depth, the second group metals increased with increasing depth. The concentrations of typical heavy metals were in the order of ZnCrCuPbNiAsCd. Cd in each soil layer was severely polluted, Zn was at level of light pollution, while other metals were at clean levels. In terms of different size of soil aggregate, it was found that colloids played an important role in facilitating transport of heavy metals, such as As, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni. While Pb was still mainly enriched in clay component (53 μm). Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the main functional groups of organic carbon were polysaccharide (22.07%-47.13%), aromatic (13.88%-34.37%) and alcohol (21.04%-59.49%). Correlation analysis showed that stable organic carbon such as polysaccharide and aromatic organic carbon could stablize the metals of first group in profiles, which would delay the migration of heavy metals to deeper soil. However, the active alcohol carbon would enhance the migration.

Background The mechanism of podocyte apoptosis is not fully understood. In addition, the role of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R)/glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75)/voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)/mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) calcium regulation axis, which is located at sites of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mitochondria coupling, in the mechanism of podocyte apoptosis is unclear. This study aimed to understand the roles of this axis in podocyte apoptosis and explore potential targets for podocyte protection. Methods The expression of IP3R, Grp75, VDAC1, and MCU and mitochondrial Ca2+ were analyzed during Adriamycin- or angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in cultured mouse podocytes. The interaction between IP3R, Grp75, and VDAC1 was investigated using co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The effects of IP3R, Grp75, and MCU agonists and antagonists on mitochondrial Ca2+ and apoptosis were investigated in cultured podocytes. The podocyte-protective effects of an MCU inhibitor were further investigated in rats with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Results Increased expression of IP3R, Grp75, VDAC1 and MCU, enhanced interaction among the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1 complex, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and increased active caspase-3 levels were confirmed during Adriamycin- or angiotensin II-induced mouse podocyte apoptosis. Agonists of this axis facilitated mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and podocyte apoptosis, whereas specific antagonists against IP3R, Grp75, or MCU prevented mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and podocyte apoptosis. A specific MCU inhibitor prevented Adriamycin-induced proteinuria and podocyte foot process effacement in rats. Conclusions This study identified a novel pathway in which the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium regulation axis mediated podocyte apoptosis by facilitating mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Antagonists that inhibit Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria protected mouse podocytes from apoptosis. An MCU inhibitor protected podocytes and decreased proteinuria in rats with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Therefore, antagonists to this pathway have promise as novel podocyte-protective drugs.

n recent years, photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) has gained a wide clinical application in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for its satisfactory effect, high safety, and low incidence of complications. With the improvement of living conditions, BPH patients are paying more attention to their sexual function, especially erectile function and ejaculatory problems instead of just focusing on the alleviation of lower urinary tract symptoms. Few studies of PVP, however, relate to its association with the sexual function of the patient and there is a certain controversy over the influence of PVP on it in the existing literature. Prevailing views hold that the uprated power in PVP does not affect erectile function or increase the risk of retrograde ejaculation (REj) and that PVP is even better than transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in avoiding the risk of REj.近年来绿激光前列腺汽化术（PVP）被广泛应用于临床，其良好的疗效、较高的安全性及较低的并发症已得以证实。随着生活条件的改善，患者对BPH的治疗已不再满足于下尿路症状的改善，对男性性功能尤其是勃起功能和射精的影响也愈发重视。但相关的研究并不多，且各研究之间存在一定的争议。大部分观点认为，绿激光功率的增加不影响勃起功能和不增加逆行射精（REj）的风险，在预防REj方面PVP比经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)更具优势。本文就近年发表的有关绿激光前列腺汽化术对性功能影响的文献作一综述。.

To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of "one-puncture one-needle" transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy in the prevention of postoperative infections.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about "one-puncture one-needle" (the observation group) and "one-person one-needle" (the control group) TRUS-guided prostate biopsy performed in the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province from January 2005 to December 2015, and compared the incidence rates of puncture-related infection between the two strategies. By "one-puncture one-needle", one needle was used for one biopsy puncture, while by "one-person one-needle", one needle was used for all biopsy punctures in one patient and the needle was sterilized with iodophor after each puncture.Totally, 120 patients received 6+1-core or 12+1-core "one-person one-needle" and 466 underwent 12+1-core "one-puncture one-needle" TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in age, the prostate volume, the serum PSA level, or the detection rate of prostate cancer (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group showed remarkably lower incidence rates of puncture-related urinary tract infection (7.5% vs 0.9%, P0.05), fever (5.0% vs 1.1%, P0.05), bacteriuria (2.5% vs 0.2%, P0.05), and total infections (16.7% vs 2.6%, P0.05) postoperatively. Two cases of bacteremia or sepsis were found in each of the groups, with no significant difference between the two."One-puncture one-needle" TRUS-guided prostate biopsy can effectively prevent puncture-related infections.目的： 通过总结超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术“一枪一针”法的临床资料，探讨该方法预防前列腺穿刺术后感染的可行性与有效性。 方法： 回顾性分析2005年1月至2015年12月超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺病例，统计分析“一枪一针”法与“一人一针”法行前列腺穿刺术患者的临床资料。“一枪一针”法，即进行前列腺穿刺活检时，每例患者每穿刺一枪更换一针。“一人一针”法，即进行前列腺穿刺活检时，每例患者只用一根针连续穿刺数枪，每穿完一枪后，穿刺针表面用碘伏纱布进行消毒。比较两种方法穿刺相关的感染发生率。 2005年1月至2008年12月采用“一人一针”穿刺“6+1”或“12+1”针共计120例（对照组），2009年1月至2015年12月采用“一枪一针”穿刺“12+1”针466例（观察组）。结果： 两组在年龄、前列腺体积、血清PSA水平以及前列腺癌的检出率方面差异无统计学意义（P0.05）。观察组术后尿路感染、发热、菌尿症以及穿刺相关的感染发生率分别为0.9%、1.1%、0.2%和2.6%，对照组的分别为7.5%、5.0%、2.5%和16.7%，观察组明显优于对照组（P0.05）。而菌血症或败血症则两组均发生2例，差异无统计学意义（P0.05）。结论： 超声引导下经直肠“一枪一针”法行前列腺穿刺活检术，能有效预防穿刺所致的相关感染，给患者带来好处。.

Background Docetaxel was used to treat metastatic CRPC patients. However, Doc resistance in prostate cancer (PCa) hinders its clinical application. Objective To understand the underlying mechanisms by which Doc resistance is developed and to find novel therapeutic target to cure Doc resistant PCa has clinical importance. Methods We established Doc resistant cell lines and explored the role of Ezh2 in the development of Doc resistance by overexpressing its cDNA or using its inhibitor. Results We found that Ezh2 was induced in our established Doc resistant (DocR) cells, which was attributable to the silenced expression of miR-101-3p and miR-138-5p. Blockage of Ezh2 activity by either inhibitor or miRNA mimics could overcome Doc resistance by suppressing Doc-induced cancer stem cells populations. Mechanistically, Ezh2 activity was required for the induced expression of Nanog, Sox2 and CD44 upon Doc treatment. Conclusions Targeting Ezh2 could overcome Doc resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5228-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In this paper, we introduce a virtual campus on mobile platform in service recently. The system has several functions: exhibiting the environment of the campus, inquiring available information and interactive learning and so on. The procedure of realization has three parts: construction modeling, driving character model and interaction design. For construction modeling, we applied the prevailing 3D modeling software 3DMax to complete the task. Third-person perspective was adopted in driving character model and the script with the development platform-Unity3D works well after revising and it is more suitable for mobile platform. In terms of interaction design, we borrowed the method of role play game (RPG): time related events were combining with the buildings and we design some attributes for the roaming character, and the events could be triggered according to specified logically and temporal order. The interaction could lead the users to explore the virtual campus with interest, and thereby the aim of familiarizing the freshman students with basic workflow of the campus life quickly can be achieved. As the whole system is designed for mobile platform, it is convenient for using anywhere or anytime, the application effect therefore is better comparing with the traditional method of running a virtual campus on personal computer.

Background and Objective. FBXW7, known as a general tumor suppressor, is commonly lowly expressed in metastatic malignancies. We aim to investigate the potential influence of FBXW7 overexpression on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis. Methods. We employed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) to quantify the FBXW7 expression in RCC cell lines. Upregulation of FBXW7 was performed in vitro on RCC cells using the lentivirus covering coding region FBXW7 cDNA sequence, and functional tests were performed to verify FBXW7 overexpression on migration and invasion of RCC cells. Moreover, WB was employed to determine the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13, as well as EMT markers in the transfected RCC cells. Results. FBXW7 was significantly downregulated in RCC cell lines, dominated by 786-O and ACHN, when compared to normal renal cell line HK-2. Moreover, upregulation of FBXW7 in 786-O and ACHN cell lines significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, as well as EMT. Present study also showed that FBXW7 was involved in the migration and invasion of RCC cells via regulating the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that upregulation of FBXW7 inhibits RCC metastasis and EMT. FBXW7 is a potential therapeutic target for RCC patients.

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) with a chemical composition of Y3Al5O12 is an important advanced structural and functional material.The preparation conditions were a pH of 9, a titration rate of 10ml/minute and a reaction time of 60 minutes. The analysis shows that the YAG precursor does not have an obvious characteristic crystalline diffraction peak, the characteristic diffraction peak of YAG was found after the calcination of the YAG precursor at 1100¡æ for 1 hour, the characteristic diffraction peak of YAG is strong, which indicates that the YAG crystalline phase is integrated and pure. The pore microstructure of porous YAG ceramics marked differed with an increase in the sintering temperature, the compressure strength of porous YAG ceramics is increased with an increase in the sintering temperature, the compressure strength shows the opposite rule with the prosity, which indicaties the mechanical properties of materials are effacted with the densification effect of materials.

To save land resources by the use of low-grade natural resources to realize a high cost performance product, the technology of prepared superfine quartz sand powder via the ball milling methods were investigated. The results are shown the mean particle size of quartz sand powder is gradually become small varied with prolonging the ball milling time. Before 60 minutes, the mean particle size is slashed, however, the range of varying mean particle size is less after 60 minutes under the ball milling rotate speed for 200r/min and the charge amount for 200g/L, so the ball milling time for 60 minutes is decided.The mean grain size of quartz powders are decreased vary with an increasing the ball milling rotate speed, and the rotate speed is lower, the distribution is wider, however, the rotate speed is higher, the distribution is narrower.The mean grain size of quartz powders are 11.25μm via a roller ball milling, the mean grain size of quartz powders are 7.37μm via a planetary ball milling, and the particle size distribution of quartz powders milled via a roller ball milling is wider than that of quartz powders milled via a planetary ball milling, which shows the of quartz powders milled via a roller ball milling is not more uniform than that of quartz powders milled via a planetary ball milling, the asymmetry powder is advantage for forming the high performance building materials body.

An analytical method was developed for determination of multipesticide residues, including organophosphorus, organohalogen, pyrethroid, and organonitrogen, in tea at trace levels by GC coupled with triple quadrupole mass chromatography (QqQ-MS/MS). Scan time was selected in order to optimize QqQ-MS/MS conditions. The key parameters for controlling cleanup performance were optimized, including SPE cartridge type and elution solvent volume. Acetonitrile was the extraction solvent, and a novel multilayer SPE cartridge, Cleanert TPT, was used in the cleanup step. The recoveries of the studied pesticides at 5.0, 10.0, and 25.0 microg/kg were in the range of 77.8 to 103.8% with an RSD of less than 14%. Determination coefficient (R2) values between 0.9951 and 0.9998 were obtained for all target compounds. The LOD was between 0.002 and 1.0 microg/kg, and LOQs were 0.0066-3.3 microg/kg, which satisfied the maximum residue limits for pesticides in tea recommended by the European Union and Japan. The optimized method was applied to the analysis of real tea samples obtained from the local market.

Video content recognition has attracted more focus these years. In this paper, a basic procedure is introduced and the features used for affective recognition are presented in the categories of vision feature, audio feature and emotion feature. Classical algorithms using in affective recognition are introduced, and we studied the strength and disadvantage of the algorithms. At the end, some advises are given to help improving content recognition.

In this paper, we survey several 3D techniques including 3D reconstruction in which quick stereo-photogrammetric system and laser scanner involved, image-based rendering and shape modeling for protection of cultural heritage. The applications are classified into two categories: reconstruction of large-scale heritage sites; reconstruction of culture relics and exhibition. Dozens of successful cases prove the effectiveness of the technologies, and the challenges remain in several fields: the automation of extracting texture from high-resolution photo and mapping it to the 3D model needs to be improved; accelerating the rendering performance; effective integration of virtual reality technology.

Technique for horror video recognition is important for its application in web content filtering and surveillance, especially for preventing children from being threaten. In this paper, a novel horror video recognition algorithm based on fuzzy comprehensive evolution model is proposed. Three low-level video features are extracted as typical features, and they are video key-light, video colour energy and video rhythm. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to estimate the weights of extracted features in fuzzy evolution model. Horror evaluation (membership function) is on shot scale and it is constructed based on the knowledge that videos which share the same affective have similar low-level features. K-Means algorithm is implemented to help finding the most representative feature vectors. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach has good performance in recognition precision, recall rate and F1 measure.

Danjiangkou Reservoir and its upstream tributaries as water resource area is of strategic importance for the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Water conservation and water purification is the key measures for sustainable water diversion. Green water management as a new technologies to achieve water conservation and water purification has a broad application prospects. In this research, green water management was studied in the Upper Du watershed. ArcSWAT model was used to assess quantity of green water resource. By adjusting the model parameters, the efficiency of different green water management scenarios on water and soil conservation were simulated. The results of the study indicate that the quantity of green water in the Upper Du is about 5.588 billion cubic meters. Mulching is a better green water management way that more suitable for water and soil conservation in the Danjiangkou Water Resource Area. This research can provide a reference for water resource protection and management in Water Resource Area of the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer.

A new method was developed to determine the contents of PAHs in fish by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–QqQ-MS/MS) with SRM mode. In this method, ultrasonic extraction with hexane/dichloromethane (1:1v/v) and Florisil column cleaning with hexane/acetone (4:1v/v) was used as the sample pretreatment. Recoveries of the 16 PAHs for spiked samples were between 68.5% and 106.3%, the relative standard deviations (RSD) were between 0.1% and 17.8%. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.024–0.06 μg/kg and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.08–0.2 μg/kg. The influence of different elution solvent to recovery and the matrix effect were also discussed.

Four groups of organophosphonate derivatives enantiomers were separated on N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-S-leucine chiral stationary phase. The three-dimensional structures of the complexes between the single enantiotopic chiral compounds and chiral stationary phase have been studied using molecular model and molecular dynamics simulation. Detailed results regarding the conformation, auto-docking, and thermodynamic estimation are presented. The elution order of the enantiomer could be determined from the energy. The predicted chiral discrimination was obtained by computational results. Chirality 25:101–106, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A rapid and effective multiresidue method has been developed for the determination of 18 pesticide residues (selected from organonitrogen, organophosphorus, and carbamate pesticides) in tea by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Tea samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by a novel multilayer solid-phase extraction cartridge—Cleanet TPT. Evaluation of the influence of the mobile phase on the ionization efficiency, resolution, and sensitivity was carried out by comparing the acetonitrile–water and methanol–water with different modifiers. The recoveries of all the pesticides varied from 70 to 110 % with a relative standard deviation of less than 15 %, and the determination coefficient for each pesticide was R2 > 0.99. Matrix-matched standard calibration curve was used to reduce errors associated with matrix-induced enhancement or suppression effects. The limit of detection for all targeted pesticides ranged from 0.03 to 1.5 μg/kg. Applicability of this analytical approach was confirmed by successful determination of tea samples from different regions of China.

A new method was developed for the determination of 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in meat and sea food by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using selected reaction monitoring technique. The method was based on ultrasonic extraction and florisil column cleaning up. Recoveries of the 12 PCBs ranged from 70.4 % to 100.6 % and the relative standard deviations were from 0.5 % to 12.6 %. The limits of detection ranged from 0.006 to 0.009 μg/kg and the limits of quantitation ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 μg/kg. Eight meat and sea food samples were analyzed for the analysis of the polychlorinated biphenyls using the proposed method.

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor inhibition immunoassay for determination of ractopamine (Rac) residue in pork was constructed by immobilising Rac derivative on the SPR-2004 biosensor chip. After extraction with perchloric acid, pork sample was cleaned by ethyl acetate and analyzed by SPR-2004 biosensor. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.6 μg/kg for pork sample. Recoveries of Rac were higher than 80% with relative standard deviations below 10%. Although the same pretreatment was applied for both the UPLC–MS/MS and the biosensor, the biosensor showed little matrix interference by constructing pure solution and matrix-match calibration curves. Compared with Biacore Q made by Biacore AB, SPR-2004 biosensor made by Chinese Academy of Sciences which is of low cost and showed minimal matrix interferences. Accordingly, this biosensor was a promising screening instrument to be used for detection of ractopamine in supermarkets, food factories and food regulatory organisations.

The objective of this study was to set up a method to detect five compounds in fresh smashed apples by HPLC/DAD simultaneously. Different methods have been tested to control browning and ascorbic acid with ultrasonication was adopted. Methanol–water–acetic acid (30:69:1, v/v) containing 2.0 g of ascorbic acid L−1 was chosen as the extract solvent. The method effectively simplified the sample treatment compared with the traditional ways. And primarily, the results were used to identify between different varieties. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Atlantis C18 (250 mm × 4.5 mm, particle size 5 μm) with a gradient elution program using a mixture of acetonitrile and 2% aqueous acetic acid (v/v) as mobile phase within 20 min at 270 nm wavelength. The variation of the content of five compounds was gallic acid (ND ~1.81 μg g−1), protocatechuic acid (ND ~1.79 μg g−1), chlorogenic acid (13.81–189.4 μg g−1), caffeic acid (6.82–45.02 μg g−1) and rutin (0.96–18.55 μg g−1). The results could successfully be used to discriminate between different apple varieties (Gala, Fuji, Delicious, 8th Apple US, Golden Apple, Green Apple and Red Rose); chlorogenic acid and rutin being the polyphenols that contribute most to the differentiation.

A rapid multi-residue method was developed for the determination of 20 organophosphorous pesticide residues in leeks by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–QqQ-MS/MS). The method was based on the modified QuEChERS sample preparation method. After microwave pre-treatment, leek samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing acetic acid 0.1% and cleaned by dispersive solid phase extraction. The QqQ analyser acquired data in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Recoveries of 20 organophosphorous pesticides ranged from 81.0% to 109.4% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) below 10.4%. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.07–1.5 μg/kg. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.25 to 5 μg/kg. Ten leek samples were analysed for method application.

The enantiomers of thirty-nine O-ethyl O-phenyl N-isopropyl phosphoroamidothioates have been separated by high performance liquid chromatography on a Pirkle model chiral stationary phase using ten mobile phase. Chromatographic data are presented for the separation of these organic phosphorus enantiomers on the chiral phase. The influences of molecular structures and compositions of mobile phases have been described.

Four triazole enantiomers of diclobutrazol (erythro form) (1), paclobutrazol (erythro form) (2), diniconazole (3) and uniconazole (4) have been separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on chiral stationary phase (CSP) OA-4700. Chromatographic data and a chiral recongnition model are presented for the separation of these pesticide enantiomers. The influence of column temperature and composition of mobile phase have been described.

With the establishment of the integrated model of relay protection and the scale of the power system expanding, the global setting and optimization of relay protection is an extremely difficult task. This paper presents a kind of application in relay protection of global optimization improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and the inverse time current protection as an example, selecting reliability of the relay protection, selectivity, quick action and flexibility as the four requires to establish the optimization targets, and optimizing protection setting values of the whole system. Finally, in the case of actual power system, the optimized setting value results of the proposed method in this paper are compared with the particle swarm algorithm. The results show that the improved quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm has strong search ability, good robustness, and it is suitable for optimizing setting value in the relay protection of the whole power system.

It is known that the separation of several organic phosphonate esters using a tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) cellulose (Chiralcel OD) column are better than the separation obtained using the Pirkle type chiral stationary phase (CSP), namely the N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) leucine column. However, the elution order of the organic phosphonate esters enantiomers separated on tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) cellulose chiral stationary phase is not known. The tandem use of these two CSPs together showed that the R-enantiomer had shorter retention time than S-enantiomer when tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) cellulose chiral stationary phase was used.

This paper describes the application of the common and variation peak ratio dual-index sequence analysis methods to evaluate the quality of several tea samples obtained from different species and d...

The relative-area difference sequence (ΔSr sequence) analytical method is proposed, with which the most similar herbal samples can be determined according to their contents. Together with common and variation peak ratio dual-index sequence analysis, one can identify the most similar sample group in the two-dimensional sequence accurately; therefore, the method can evaluate the quality of herbs.

Five polysaccharide based chiral stationary phases have been used for separation of enantiomers of fourteen heterocyclic oxiranes. The polysaccharide based chiral stationary phases used in this study are Chiralak AD, Chiralpak AS, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OG, and Chiralcel OJ. From the chiral separation results, the chiral separation ability for the selected compounds show the order of Chiralpak AD > Chiralcel OD > Chiralcel OJ > Chiralcel OG > Chiralpak AS. Chiralcel OD appears to be quite versatile, since 8 out of 11 oxiranes with π-aromatic system were successfully resolved, yet no resolution was obtained for those oxirane derivatives, which lacks the π-aromatic system. Although Chiralcel OD is also versatile, it was not as effective; since the separation factors (α) are much smaller. The results indicate that dipole interactions have a strong impact on the retention mechanism, and extended π systems are essential. The spatial arrangement of the substituent groups around the analyte stereogenic...

A rapid multi-residue method was developed for the determination of 16 herbicides in onion. The analytical procedure was based on preventing formation of sulfur-containing compounds in onion by microwave inactivation of the enzyme alliinase. The onion samples which had been pretreated were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned by solid-phase extraction. The herbicide residues in onion were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. The recoveries of 16 herbicides ranged from 69.2% to 105.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) below 10.7%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.003 to 0.015 mg kg−1. The method was applied to the analysis of herbicide residues in onion samples.

Aims To investigate whether Atorvastatin (Ator) treatment improves the cardiac micro-environment that facilitates survival and differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) implanted in the post-infarct myocardium. Methods and results Myocardial infarction was created by coronary ligation and immediately after reperfusion, autologous bone-marrow-derived MSCs were transplanted into the hearts of Chinese swine that were pretreated with or without Ator. Six weeks after transplantation, as evaluated by SPECT and MRI all the animals with Ator showed improved cardiac perfusion and contractility when compared with untreated. Increased survival and differentiation of implanted MSCs and decreased infarct area were observed in the Ator-treated, MSC-implanted animals. In the absence of Ator, MSC transplantation only achieved a modest improvement in perfusion and morphology. The combined treatment with Ator and MSCs significantly inhibited cardiac cell apoptosis, reduced oxidative stress, and suppressed expression of the inflammatory cytokines in the post-infarct myocardium. Conclusion Ator treatment may protect the myocardium undergoing acute infarction and reperfusion by creating a better environment for the survival and differentiation of implanted MSCs. The benefit of the Ator/stem cell combined therapy may result from the statin-mediated inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the infarcted myocardium.

A rapid multi-residue method has been developed for the determination of 16 herbicides in garlic. The analytical procedure is based on prior microwave heating prevention of the generation of sulfur-containing compounds. The garlic samples which had been pretreated were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up by solid-phase extraction. The herbicide residues were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. The recoveries of 16 herbicides ranged from 69.0 to 105.4% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) below 10.1%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.003 to 0.015 mg kg−1.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that estrogens are involved in normal and abnormal prostate growth, though their exact role is still controversial. Oestrogens exert inhibitory and stimulatory effects on prostate gland, but the expression of oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and oestrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) in malignant prostate tissue remains unresolved. We determined ERalpha and ERbeta in prostate cancer and investigated the relationship between expression of ER and pathological features of prostate carcinoma. METHODS Thirty-two cases of prostate cancer, 12 cases of normal prostate tissue and 32 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia were analyzed for the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta using semiquantitative, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the products sequenced. RESULTS Comparisons of the normal, hyperplastic and tumour prostate tissues indicated an overexpression of ERalpha in tumour specimens (P < 0.01). However, the expression of ERbeta significantly reduced in tumour tissues compared with normal and hyperplastic specimens (P < 0.01), suggesting that severe pathological features of prostate cancer were associated with lower ERbeta expression. Spearman analysis showed negative correlation between ERbeta expression and tumour stage, grade (-0.67, -0.43, respectively, both P < 0.05), and a positive correlation between ERalpha expression and tumour stage, grade (0.51, 0.57, respectively, both P < 0.01). Our analysis also showed that hormone refractory, prostate cancer, compared with hormone dependent, prostate cancer, displayed a decreased expression of ERbeta (P < 0.01) and an increased expression of ERalpha. CONCLUSIONS ERalpha and ERbeta may play important roles in the development of prostate cancer. The decrease in ERbeta expression is associated with higher Gleason grade tumours and prostate cancer with higher metastatic potential. The loss of ERbeta could be one of the key processes leading to uncontrolled growth of prostate epithelial cells.