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Background Panic disorder (PD) is thought to be related with deficits in emotion regulation, especially in cognitive reappraisal. According to the cognitive model, PD patients’ intrinsic and unconscious misappraisal strategies are the cause of panic attacks. However, no studies have yet been performed to explore the underlying neuromechanism of cognitive reappraisal that occur on an unconscious level in PD patients. Methods Twenty-six patients with PD and 25 healthy controls (HC) performed a fully-verified event-block design emotional regulation task aimed at investigating responses of implicit cognitive reappraisal during an fMRI scan. Participants passively viewed negatively valanced pictures that were beforehand neutrally, positively, or adversely portrayed in the task. Results Whole-brain analysis of fMRI data showed that PD patients exhibited less activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) compared to HC, but presented greater activation in parietal cortex when negative pictures were preceded by positive/neutral vs negative descriptions. Simultaneously, interactive effects of Group × Condition were observed in the right amygdala across both groups. Furthermore, activation in dlPFC and dmPFC was is negatively correlated to severity of anxiety and panic in PD when negative images were preceded by non-negative vs negative descriptions. Conclusions Emotional dysregulation in PD is likely the result of deficient activation in dlPFC and dmPFC during implicit cognitive reappraisal, in line with impaired automatic top-down regulation. Correlations between severity of anxiety and panic attack and activation of right dlPFC and dmPFC suggest that the failure to engage prefrontal region during implicit cognitive reappraisal might be associated wtih the severity of anxiety and panic; such functional patterns might be the target of possible treatments.

The current integrated pest management (IPM) curative strategy for soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), relies on responsive spraying foliar insecticides during the R1-R5 soybean stage when aphid abundance reaches the economic threshold (ET) of 250 aphids plantThe early-stage ET over all potential yields, market prices, and control costs was 64 aphids plantImproved IPM based on early-stage ET of 64 aphids plant

Objective: To analyze the problems of protection COVID-19 asymptomatic infected patients, so as to ensure the safety of medical staff working in the epidemic and avoid the second outbreak. Methods: Through the analysis of main symptoms of the COVID-19 asymptomatic infected patients. Know the problems that if it is contagious, infectious strength, and the infection route etc. And take some measures such as launching medical observation for the close contacts of COVID-19 patients, investigating into epidemiology of cluster epidemic, active detection of exposed populations during the process of tracing the source of infection patients etc. to find asymptomatic infected patients. The prevention and control of asymptomatic infected persons should be strengthened by further improving the prevention and control program, increasing screening and monitoring, strengthening management and treatment, and strengthening mass prevention and control. Results: Through this method, COVID-19 asymptomatic infected patients can be detected as early as possible, and its effective prevention and control. Conclusion: The analysis of the protection problem of COVID-19 asymptomatic infector has important guiding significance to the protection of medical staff and individuals in the epidemic treatment.

Aims To establish a simple criterion for determining a failed His-bundle pacing (HBP). This criterion states that if stimulus to QRS end interval is longer than His-bundle potential to QRS end interval (‘S-QRSend > H-QRSend’) then a failed HBP can be determined. Methods and results We performed retrospective analysis on 737 pacing tests around His-bundle in 241 patients and prospective analysis on 400 tests in 123 patients. A successful HBP is defined as that whole His-bundle is captured with or without capture of adjacent ventricular myocardium, otherwise, a failed HBP was considered. The output criteria and effective refractory period criteria were used as the gold standards for determining a successful HBP. The gold standards are that if decreasing the pacing output or pacing cycle length to a certain level results in duration or morphology changes of QRS, then a successful HBP is ascertained. In retrospective analysis of patients with normal His-Purkinje conduction, a failed HBP was determined in 31% (154/492) of pacing tests according to ‘S-QRSend > H-QRSend’; all of them were validated by the gold standards (specificity = 100%). In prospective study, a failed HBP was confirmed according to the simple criterion with 100% accuracy in 33% (79/241) pacing tests. This simple criterion was also suitable for patients with His-Purkinje conduction disease although cases with ‘S-QRSend > H-QRSend’ rarely occurred. Conclusion A failed HBP can be easily and reliably determined solely by ‘S-QRSend > H-QRSend’ in more than 30% pacing tests.

Background. Heart failure (HF) is the terminal stage of all cardiovascular events. Although implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapies have reduced mortality among the high-risk HF population, it is necessary to determine whether certain factors can predict mortality even after cardiac device implantation. Growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2) is an emerging biomarker for HF patient stratification in different clinical settings. Aims. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline soluble ST2 (sST2) levels in serum and the clinical outcomes of high-risk HF patients with device implantation. Methods. Between January 2017 and August 2018, we prospectively recruited consecutive patients implanted with an ICD for heart failure, with LVEF ≤35% as recommended, and analyzed the basic characteristics, baseline serum sST2, and NT-proBNP levels, with at least 1-year follow-up. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint. Results. During a 643-day follow-up, all-cause mortality occurred in 16 of 150 patients (10.67%). Incidence of all-cause mortality increased significantly in patients with sST2 levels above 34.98846 ng/ml (16.00% vs. 5.33%, P = 0.034 ). After adjusting the model (age, gender, device implantation, prevention of sudden death, LVEDD, LVEF, WBC and CLBBB, hsTNT, etiology, and eGFR) and the model combined with NT-proBNP, the risk of all-cause death was increased by 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, per ng/ml of sST2. The best sST2 cutoff for predicting all-cause death was 43.42671 ng/ml (area under the curve: 0.72, sensitive: 0.69, and specificity: 0.69). Compared to patients with sST2 levels below 43.42671 ng/ml, the risk of all-cause mortality was higher in those with values above the threshold (5.1% vs. 21.2%, P = 0.002 ). ST2 level ≥43.42671 ng/ml was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR: 3.30 [95% CI 1.02–10.67]). Age (HR: 1.06 [95% CI: 1.01–1.12]) and increased NT-proBNP per 100 (HR: 1.02 [95% CI: 1.01–1.03]) were also associated with all-cause mortality in ICD patients. Conclusions. sST2 level was associated with risk of all-cause mortality, and a threshold of 43.43 ng/ml showed good distinguishing performance to predict all-cause mortality in patients with severe heart failure, recommended for ICD implantation. Patients with sST2 levels more than 43.42671 ng/ml even after ICD implantation should therefore be monitored carefully.

Volumetric fracturing is a primary stimulation technology for economical and effective exploitation of tight oil reservoirs. The main mechanism is to connect natural fractures to generate a fracture network system which can enhance the stimulated reservoir volume. By using the combined finite and discrete element method, a model was built to describe hydraulic fracture propagation in tight oil reservoirs. Considering the effect of horizontal stress difference, number and spacing of perforation clusters, injection rate, and the density of natural fractures on fracture propagation, we used this model to simulate the fracture propagation in a tight formation of a certain oilfield. Simulation results show that when the horizontal stress difference is lower than 5 MPa, it is beneficial to form a complex fracture network system. If the horizontal stress difference is higher than 6 MPa, it is easy to form a planar fracture system; with high horizontal stress difference, increasing the number of perforation clusters is beneficial to open and connect more natural fractures, and to improve the complexity of fracture network and the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). As the injection rate increases, the effect of volumetric fracturing may be improved; the density of natural fractures may only have a great influence on the effect of volume stimulation in a low horizontal stress difference.

Primary blepharospasm (BPS) is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary blinking and eyelid spasms. The pathophysiology of BPS remains unclear. Several neuroimaging studies have suggested dysfunction of sensory processing and sensorimotor integration, but the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to determine whether patients with BPS exhibit altered functional brain connectivity and to explore possible correlations between these networks and clinical variables. Twenty-five patients with BPS and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. We found that the patient group exhibited decreased connectivity within the sensory-motor network (SMN), which involved regions of the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area (SMA), right premotor cortex, bilateral precuneus and left superior parietal cortex. Within the right fronto-parietal network, decreased connections were observed in the middle frontal gyrus, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. Regarding the salience network (SN), increased connectivity was observed in the left superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. These findings suggest the involvement of multiple neural networks in primary BPS.

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of soybean in China. To monitor and manage this pest effectively it is necessary to understand its population dynamics and demographics, as well as the physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding. In this study, using field surveying and suction-trap monitoring, we investigated the population dynamics of the soybean aphid in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province in northeastern China during 2009-2012. The results indicated that the population dynamics of the soybean aphid followed a unimodal curve distribution, with the insect generally colonizing soybean fields from the middle of June to early July and the population reaching a peak between early July and early August. On the whole, soybean aphids occurred in suction-traps at least 2 weeks earlier than they were found in field surveys. A total of 72 alates were collected by suction-trapping over the 4 years, with the earliest alate captures occurring on 28 May in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 4 June in 2010. The life table parameters clearly showed that this aphid had a short doubling time (4.73 ± 0.21 days), and 7.36 ± 0.98 nymphs were produced by a soybean aphid adult during its lifetime (13.57 ± 0.30 days). Finally, biochemical assays indicated that the amount of malondialdehyde and the activities of four defense-related enzymes in soybean leaves significantly changed between 0 day and 7 days of aphid infestation. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT) activities increased more dramatically after 1 day of aphid feeding. In addition, significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase and CAT were found after aphid feeding for 7 days, whereas there was no significant change in the activities of peroxidase and PPO. Consequently, this study will be beneficial in determining the seasonal occurrence of the soybean aphid and selecting insect-resistant soybean varieties, and thus in developing a theoretical framework for appropriate management strategies.

The bulk porous nickel was fabricated by layer scanning jet electrodeposition, a novel porous metal preparation technique. The dendritic crystalline layer or normal layer of the bulk porous nickel can be obtained by controlling of the growth conditions. The effects of deposition conditions, such as jet velocity, deposition current density, jet scanning mode, scanning rate, electrolyte solution, etc., on the morphology and growth process of the dendritic structures were studied in detail. It is revealed that the deposition rate and the uniformity of the pore distribution for the bulk porous Ni increase with the decrease of jet velocity. The depositing current density has an upper and lower limit. The dendritic structures are sensitive to the scanning rate, scanning mode, electrolyte solution. As a result, the optimized bulk porous nickels with controllable dendritic crystalline layered structure, pore size and porosity were fabricated by accurately controlling the growth conditions above.

The importance of reappraising negative events to reduce negative emotional responses has been widely acknowledged. However, most neuroimaging studies have explored the neural mechanisms of deliberate and intentional reappraisal, while little is known about the neural correlates of reappraisal that occurs outside of one's awareness. Electrophysiological studies suggest that precedent neutral descriptions could implicitly reduce neural responses to unpleasant images. To investigate the neural mechanism underlying implicit reappraisal, functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 25 participants while they passively viewed unpleasant images that were previously neutrally/positively or negatively described. Increased activity in prefrontal areas including the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and temporal cortex, and decreased activation in the amygdala was observed-similar to the pattern reported in deliberate emotion regulation-when unpleasant images were preceded by neutral/positive versus negative descriptions. Functional connectivity analysis revealed significant negative couplings between prefrontal regions and the amygdala. These findings suggest that implicit reappraisal recruits prefrontal regions to change semantic representations in the temporal cortex, in turn modulating the emotional response of the amygdala.

Objective To investigate the effect of left bundle branch potential (LBP) on cardiac conduction and function in dogs with radiofrequency catheter ablation, and explore method for reproducing left bundle branch block (LBBB) model in dogs. Methods LBP was mapped and ablated by radiofrequency catheter in the left ventricular endocardium in 10 dogs to observe whether LBBB model was prepared successfully. Echocardiography was performed before and after LBBB in the successfully-prepared LBBB models to study the systolic and diastolic function of left ventricle. Results After LBP ablation, LBBB was successfully created in 8 (80%) dogs. Atrial and ventricular amplitude ratio (A:V) was less than 1:10 at successful ablation site and the interval of LBP to local ventricular potential (LBP-V) was 17.1±3.2ms (range from 12 to 22ms). The QRS duration was increased from 52.8±4.8ms to 100.5±11.1ms (P < 0.001) after LBBB in these 8 dogs, but there were no significant changes in PR, AH and HV intervals after LBP ablation. In the remaining 2 dogs, a similar LBP potential was identified with LBP-V 30 and 32ms, but complete AV blocks were produced during or after RF energy application. In 8 LBBB dogs, echocardiography showed that systolic and diastolic functions all decreased, not only with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), aortic blood flow velocity time integral and E/A , but also with extended E wave deceleration time and isovolumetric relaxation time (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant prolongation of septal-to-posterior wall motion delay and increased difference of pre-ejection time (P < 0.001) denoted intraventricular and interventricular desynchronization after LBBB. Conclusion Radiofrequency catheter ablation of LBP could result in LBBB and might be an effective method for reproduction of canine LBBB model, although complete AV block might happen in few dogs. After LBBB, intraventricular and interventricular desynchronization and left ventricular electrical activation delay could immediately occur accompanied by decrease of cardiac systolic and diastolic functions.

Design of a pharmaceutical industry management system based on ERP and CRM integration, including design background, function and implement, are presented in this paper. The designed system applies middleware technology in data exchange between ERP and CRM, and all the data is transferred in XML format. The mainly integrated function modules are customer management module, product information module and sales module. Snowflake mode is used in data warehouse to eliminate data redundancy and to save storage space. The system can improve management ability and competition superiority of the pharmaceutical industry through ERP and CRM integration.

Automatic image annotation is a challenging problem in multimedia content analysis and computer vision. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical framework for multi-label image annotation. We first present an image-filtering algorithm to remove most of the irrelevant images for an unlabeled image. In the image-filtering algorithm, an image cluster is allocated using a discriminative model as the primary relevant image set for the unlabeled image. And then the relevant images are updated by making use of the relationships between semantic concepts. In the next stage, a hybrid annotation model is proposed to annotate images. On one hand, we present a baseline method to transfer labels from relevant images to unlabeled image according to global visual features. On the other hand, regional visual features are extracted to build a probabilistic model for image annotation. Finally, the two annotation results are fused by a simple weighted algorithm. Experiments have proved that our hierarchical framework outperformed the current state-of-the art models for image annotation.

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of soybean in China. To monitor and manage this pest effectively it is necessary to understand its population dynamics and demographics, as well as the physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding. In this study, using field surveying and suction-trap monitoring, we investigated the population dynamics of the soybean aphid in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province in northeastern China during 2009-2012. The results indicated that the population dynamics of the soybean aphid followed a unimodal curve distribution, with the insect generally colonizing soybean fields from the middle of June to early July and the population reaching a peak between early July and early August. On the whole, soybean aphids occurred in suction-traps at least 2 weeks earlier than they were found in field surveys. A total of 72 alates were collected by suction-trapping over the 4 years, with the earliest alate captures occurring on 28 May in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 4 June in 2010. The life table parameters clearly showed that this aphid had a short doubling time (4.73 ± 0.21 days), and 7.36 ± 0.98 nymphs were produced by a soybean aphid adult during its lifetime (13.57 ± 0.30 days). Finally, biochemical assays indicated that the amount of malondialdehyde and the activities of four defense-related enzymes in soybean leaves significantly changed between 0 day and 7 days of aphid infestation. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT) activities increased more dramatically after 1 day of aphid feeding. In addition, significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase and CAT were found after aphid feeding for 7 days, whereas there was no significant change in the activities of peroxidase and PPO. Consequently, this study will be beneficial in determining the seasonal occurrence of the soybean aphid and selecting insect-resistant soybean varieties, and thus in developing a theoretical framework for appropriate management strategies.

In this paper, we propose a new shape decomposition method based on visual perception for shape matching and retrieval which uses the protrusive corners under multiple scales. Our approach composes of a multi-scale shape decomposition procedure and a contour segments matching procedure. Firstly, morphological operations are used for more stable and visual perceptual corners to get the contour segmented under multiple scales. Secondly, a human perceptual custom and the sequence of segments are introduced and modeled in matching algorithm with segments described by SC descriptor. Finally, an ultimate similarity between two shapes is conducted by a fusion strategy based on multiple scales. Our method is evaluated on well-known shape databases including MPEG-7 and Kimia databases. The experimental retrieval results and the comparison with other methods clearly indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

This paper analyzes bore-hole wall breakouts of the 5 wells located in southern part of the East China Sea region with logging sections deeper than 3 000 m and logging intervals longer than 1 000 m or even near 2 000 m. By making a combined study of the breakout characteristics of these 5 wells and 11 other wells analyzed in Xu and Wu (1997), it is inferred that the maximum horizontal principal compressive stress in the East China Sea region is generally in NE-SW direction, and the horizontal differential stress there is possibly weak. P- and T-axis orientations of focal mechanism of earthquakes occurred from 1977 to 1998 in the region of Okinawa trough and Ryukyu Islands are investigated. P-axes of earthquakes in Okinawa trough are generally oriented NE-SW, coinciding with the trough stretching trend, while T-axes are nearly perpendicular to the trend. This indicates that the horizontal action of the Philippine Sea Plate to the East China Sea region is not pushing but pulling. A two-dimensional finite element simulation is conducted to study the origin of the present-day tectonic stress in the East China Sea region. The result shows that the stress there is possibly attributable to both the strong northwestward compression in Taiwan region and the back-arc extension of the Ryukyu island arc. Less strong earthquakes in the East China Sea region is possibly related to the weak horizontal shear stress there.

A blind parameters estimation algorithm based on forward difference of power spectral density is presented to solve the problems in co-channel multiple signals processing. The proposed algorithm can fast and accurately estimate such parameters as number of signals, center frequency, signal power, noise power and signal to noise ratio of the mixed signals. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the algorithm is effective.

A blind estimation method based on cyclic spectrum density is proposed to estimate carrier frequency and symbol rate with respect to non-cooperative communication. The cyclostationarity of modulated signals is used to estimate carrier frequency and symbol rate within frequency domain and cyclic frequency domain separately. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the presented method is noise-insensitive and robust.