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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high-incidence, poor-prognosis malignancy worldwide, requiring new strategies for treatment. Ubiquitination, especially ubiquitination through E3 ubiquitin ligases, plays an indispensable role in the development and progression of HCC. E3 ubiquitin ligases are crucial enzymes in ubiquitination, controlling the degradation of specific substrate proteins and influencing various cellular functions, such as tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and immune evasion. In this review, we systematically summarize the mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases in HCC, with a focus on the significance of RING, HECT, and RBR types in HCC progression. The review also looks at the potential for targeting E3 ligases to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and increase immunotherapy efficacy. Future studies will optimize HCC treatment by formulating specific inhibitors or approaches that will be based on gene therapy targeting E3 ligases in order to overcome resistance issues with present treatments and create optimism in the journey of treatment for HCC patients.

Network security policy is regarded as a guideline for the use and management of the network environment, which usually formulates various requirements in the form of natural language. It can help network managers conduct standardized network attack detection and situation awareness analysis in the overall time and space environment of network security. However, in most cases, due to configuration updates or policy conflicts, there are often differences between the real network environment and network security policies. In this case, the consistency detection of network security policies is necessary. The previous consistency detection methods of security policies have some problems. Firstly, the detection direction is single, only focusing on formal reasoning methods to achieve logical consistency detection and solve problems. Secondly, the detection policy field is not comprehensive, focusing only on a certain type of problem in a certain field. Thirdly, there are numerous forms of data structures used for consistency detection, and it is difficult to unify the structured processing and analysis of rule library carriers and target information carriers. With the development of intelligent graph and data mining technology, the above problems have the possibility of optimization. This article proposes a new consistency detection approach for network security policy, which uses an intelligent graph database as a visual information carrier, which can widely connect detection information and achieve comprehensive detection across knowledge domains, physical devices, and detection methods. At the same time, it can also help users grasp the security associations with the real network environment based on the graph algorithm of the knowledge graph and intelligent reasoning. Furthermore, these actual network situations and knowledge bases can help managers improve policies more tailored to local conditions. This article also introduces the consistency detection process of typical cases of network security policies, demonstrating the practical details and effectiveness of this method.

Abstract Poor survival of seeds reduces the production efficiency of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in pond culture. We investigated the effects of sea mud on the movement-related behaviors of A. japonicus with different body sizes. Mud significantly decreased crawling behavior and wall-reaching behavior in small seeds (~ 1 g of body weight), but not in the large ones (~ 2.5 g of body weight). These behaviors were significantly greater in the large seeds of A. japonicus than those in the small individuals when they were both on the mud. This clearly suggests that mud has negative effects on the movement-related behaviors of small seeds, but not on large individuals. We further assessed the effects of inevitable transport stress on the movement-related behaviors of A. japonicus on mud. Significantly poorer performances in crawling behavior, wall-reaching behavior and struggling behavior were observed in stressed A. japonicus (both sizes) than those in unstressed groups. These new findings indicate that transport stress further increases the adverse effects on the movement-related behaviors of A. japonicus on mud. Moreover, we investigated whether adverse effects can be reduced when individuals are directly seeded onto artificial reefs. Crawling behavior, wall-reaching behavior and struggling behavior in stressed A. japonicus (both sizes) seeded onto artificial reefs were significantly greater than those on mud, whereas artificial reefs did not significantly improve the crawling and struggling behaviors of unstressed small seeds. These results collectively indicate that mud and transport stress show negative impacts on the movement-related behaviors of sea cucumbers. Artificial reefs greatly reduce these adverse effects and probably contribute to improving the production efficiency of sea cucumbers in pond culture.

Bridging the digital divide between urban and rural communities is critical for expanding financial inclusion. The purpose of this study is to understand the key factors driving the adoption of financial technology (FinTech) applications among rural residents. A conceptual framework is built on the basis of the technology acceptance model, along with the incorporation of innovation awareness and financial awareness. The relationships between factors are empirically validated using a structural equation modeling approach based on survey data from a sample of 386 respondents in rural communities. The results indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, innovation awareness, and financial awareness can positively and significantly affect the intention to adopt FinTech applications. In addition, perceived usefulness mediates the relationship between perceived ease of use and behavioral intention. Practical implications for promoting FinTech adoption in rural areas are discussed.

Sea cucumbers naturally prefer to inhabit crevices. Although this biological characteristic is widely used in sea cucumber aquaculture, the benefits of crevices remain largely unknown. The present study found that feeding and defecation rates significantly increased in sea cucumbers in the crevices for 24 h. After leaving the crevice, tentacle activity time of sea cucumbers in the experimental group was significantly more than that of those in the control group. Further, the present study found that sea cucumbers cultured in crevices for 21 days showed significantly longer adhesion time and tentacles activity time after air exposure and mechanical perturbation. Righting time of sea cucumbers cultured in crevices was significantly less than that in the control group after air exposure. In conclusion, the present study clarifies that crevice is beneficial to fitness-related behaviors of small A. japonicus. We consequently encourage aqua-farmers to increase the number of crevices in both pond culture and seed production, which is conducive to improve the feeding, defecation, adhesion, and righting behaviors of sea cucumbers.

Abstract Tyrosine kinase inhibitors represented by sorafenib are the first‐line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the low response rate of HCC patient has become a clinical pain‐point. Emerging evidences have revealed that metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in regulating the sensitivity of tumor cells to various chemotherapeutics including sorafenib. However, the underlying mechanisms are very complex and are not fully elucidated. By comparing the transcriptome sequencing data of sorafenib‐sensitive and ‐insensitive HCC patients, it is revealed that cofilin 1 (CFL1) is highly expressed in the tumor tissues of sorafenib‐insensitive HCC patients and closely correlated with their poor prognosis. Mechanically, CFL1 can promote phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase transcription and enhance serine synthesis and metabolism to accelerate the production of antioxidants for scavenging the excessive reactive oxygen species induced by sorafenib, thereby impairing the sorafenib sensitivity of HCC. To translate this finding and consider the severe side effects of sorafenib, a reduction‐responsive nanoplatform for systemic co‐delivery of CFL1 siRNA (siCFL1) and sorafenib is further developed, and its high efficacy in inhibiting HCC tumor growth without apparent toxicity is demonstrated. These results indicate that nanoparticles‐mediated co‐delivery of siCFL1 and sorafenib can be a new strategy for the treatment of advanced HCC.

For improving the friction properties of GH05 superalloy in high temperature and high pressure water environment, Cr/DLC and CrN coatings were prepared on the alloy surface via ion source assisted unbalanced magnetron sputtering and multi - arc ion plating respectively. FGD autoclave was used to conduct the high temperature and high pressure test of the coatings, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surfaces and cross - sectional morphologies of the coatings. Moreover, a high temperature UMT tribometer and a step height tester were used to study the friction and wear properties of the coatings, and a nanoindenter was employed to measure the hardness and elastic modulus of the two kinds of coatings before and after high temperature and high pressure test. Results showed that the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the CrN coating after high temperature and high pressure test changed slightly in comparison with that before such test. However, the Cr/DLC coating suffered remarkable oxidation. The coating structure became loose, and the bonding force as well as the hardness of the coating significantly decreased. On the other hand, the high temperature and high pressure test led to an increase of the friction coefficient of Cr/DLC and CrN coatings in both dry and water environments, which might be attributed to the oxidation of the coatings’ surfaces and the deterioration of mechanical properties of the coatings. Compared with the sharp decrease of friction properties for the Cr/DLC coating, CrN coating still maintained good friction and wear properties after high temperature and high pressure test. Especially, the wear rate of CrN coating in water environment was only 1.40 × 10-7 mm3/N·m, which was only 1.60% of that of the Cr/DLC coating under the same test condition (i.e., 8.73× 10-6 mm3/N·m). Overall, the CrN coating could greatly improve the service performance of the superalloy under severe working conditions.

The newly established private pension scheme in China has received great attention as it would be an important supplement to China’s social safety net and corporate annuity amid an aging population. It provides a way of helping to address the challenge of ensuring adequate retirement income, and the scheme is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. This study investigates factors affecting the intention of purchasing the private pension scheme using a conceptual model based on the integration of Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The questionnaire-based data from a sample of 462 respondents had been analyzed. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess validity. The hypothesized relationships in the integrated FBM-UTAUT model were tested using structural equation modeling. The research findings indicate that anticipation, social influence, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, side benefits and facilitating conditions have significant positive impacts on intention to purchase. According to the exploratory factor analysis, the integrated FBM-UTAUT model can explain more than 70% of the total variance. Meanwhile, effort expectancy can be affected by time effort, thought effort and physical effort collectively, while performance expectancy can be affected by risk and trust. It is revealed that the integrated FBM-UTAUT model can be effective in explaining purchase intentions in a private pension scheme context, and this study is expected to offer helpful advice on the design of pension products and the reform of pension policies.

In the era of FinTech, many countries are currently exploring the viability of their own digital currencies due to the vast potential in terms of efficiency, security and accessibility. Some digital currencies have been under rapid development and real-world trials have recently been deployed. The purpose of this paper is to understand the main factors that could affect people’s intention to use digital currency via an empirical study. A survey was employed to collect data and the final sample consisted of 408 respondents in China. The responses were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that financial knowledge, perceived value, openness to innovation and perceived convenience positively impact people’s intention to use digital currency. It was also found that perceived value can be significantly anteceded by perceived monetary value, perceived functional value, and perceived emotional value. In addition, the mediating effect of perceived value on the influencing path between financial knowledge and intention to use was also confirmed. The findings can be utilized by governmental related authorities or FinTech companies to enhance the perception of users and develop effective strategies for increasing their intention to use digital currency.

Improving the aquaculture production efficiency by appropriate diets is an essential approach to meeting the increasing market demand for sea cucumbers. The feces of sea urchins, which contains various enzymes and microorganisms, is a potentially cost-effective food for sea cucumbers. To assess the usability of the fecal diet, a five-week laboratory simulation is conducted to investigate behaviors, digestion ability, growth and resistance ability of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus fed with fecal diet at water temperatures of 15°C and 5°C. In the present study, A. japonicus fed with fecal diet shows an obvious preference to fecal diet rather than prepared feed at water temperatures of both 15°C and 5°C, which suggests that the feces is an applicable diet for A. japonicus. Furthermore, small A. japonicus fed with feces (group F) shows significant advantages in intestinal community richness, community diversity and intestine protease activity to A. japonicus fed with prepared feed (group S) at 15°C. These results indicate that the fecal diet provides benefits to digestion ability of small A. japonicus at 15°C. Weight gaining rate is significantly higher in the A. japonicus fed with feces than that in A. japonicus that were fed with feed or not fed with food (group C), which suggests that the direct improvement of the production efficiency at 15°C. The advantages in intestinal bacteria, protease activity, and growth are consistently found in group F compared with group S at 5°C. In addition, the composition of intestinal bacteria indicates that sea cucumbers may inherit the intestinal bacteria of sea urchins through fecal consumption. This suggests that the fecal diet enhances the digestion ability and enzyme activity at low water temperature and thus improves the growth of sea cucumbers. Furthermore, sea cucumbers fed with sea urchin feces have the highest survival rate among the three groups in exposure to an acute salinity decrease at both 5 and 15°C, indicating a better resistance to low salinity. This provides a new insight into the geographical expansion to low-salinity areas in sea cucumber aquaculture. In conclusion, the present study suggests that sea urchin feces have a great potential for the application in improving the production efficiency of sea cucumber aquaculture.

Abstract Background KRAS gene is the most common type of mutation reported in colorectal cancer (CRC). KRAS mutation-mediated regulation of immunophenotype and immune pathways in CRC remains to be elucidated. Methods 535 CRC patients were used to compare the expression of immune-related genes (IRGs) and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in the tumor microenvironment between KRAS-mutant and KRAS wild-type CRC patients. An independent dataset included 566 cases of CRC and an in-house RNA sequencing dataset were served as validation sets. An in-house dataset consisting of 335 CRC patients were used to analyze systemic immune and inflammatory state in the presence of KRAS mutation. An immue risk (Imm-R) model consist of IRG and TIICs for prognostic prediction in KRAS-mutant CRC patients was established and validated. Results NF-κB and T-cell receptor signaling pathways were significantly inhibited in KRAS-mutant CRC patients. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) was increased while macrophage M1 and activated CD4 memory T cell was decreased in KRAS-mutant CRC. Prognosis correlated with enhanced Tregs, macrophage M1 and activated CD4 memory T cell and was validated. Serum levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), CRP, and IgM were significantly decreased in KRAS-mutant compared to KRAS wild-type CRC patients. An immune risk model composed of VGF, RLN3, CT45A1 and TIICs signature classified CRC patients with distinct clinical outcomes. Conclusions KRAS mutation in CRC was associated with suppressed immune pathways and immune infiltration. The aberrant immune pathways and immune cells help to understand the tumor immune microenvironments in KRAS-mutant CRC patients.

Abstract Purpose The overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with stage II‐III colorectal cancer (CRC) can vary greatly, even between patients with the same tumor stage. We aimed to design a nomogram to predict OS in resected, stage II‐III CRC and stratify patients with CRC into different risk groups. Patients and Methods Based on data from 873 patients with CRC, we used univariate Cox regression analysis to select the significant prognostic features, which were subjected to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm for feature selection. Cross‐validation was used to confirm suitable tuning parameters (λ) for LASSO logistic regression. Then, the nomogram was used to estimate 3‐ and 5‐year OS based on the multivariable Cox regression model. The survival curves of the two groups were produced using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Risk group stratification was performed to assess the predictive capacity of the nomogram. Results Preoperative mean platelet volume, preoperative platelet distribution width, monocytes, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors by LASSO regression and integrated for the construction of the nomogram. The nomogram provided good discrimination, with C‐indices of 0.67 and 0.69 for the training and validation sets, respectively. Calibration plots illustrated excellent agreement between the nomogram predictions and actual observations for 3‐ and 5‐year OS. Moreover, a significant difference in OS was shown between patients stratified into different risk groups (P

Thrust collision zones with low slip rates along the plate boundary are significant areas of stress accumulation and prone to develop more destructive earthquakes with longer recurrence intervals. Such regions are often classified as low seismic risk if they lack continuous records of large earthquakes, such as the eastern Tibetan Plateau before the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Here, we provide a continuous seismic record in the Longmen Shan thrust fault zone spanning 13,000 years based on detailed investigation of the soft-sediment deformation structures and seismites in the Lixian lacustrine sequence. The recurrence time of large earthquakes (M ≥ 8.1) is 1,200 years, which is significantly shorter than the previous estimate of 2,000–6,000 years. The Maoxian-Wenchuan fault is the main fault that triggered the deformation in the Lixian lacustrine sediments. In addition, earthquake recurrence in the warm period is more frequent than that in the cold period, which should arouse our attention for the seismic study of tectonically active regions.

Summer mortality and morbidity are serious environment-related problems in cultured sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus). Air exposure probably worsens the impact of high temperature on cultured sea cucumbers. In this present study, two laboratory experiments were designed to investigate the effects of artificial reefs on mortality, morbidity, crawling, feeding, and adhesion behaviors of small sea cucumbers (~1 g of wet body weight) after air exposure and disease outbreaks at 25 °C, respectively. Significantly lower mortality and morbidity occurred in the group with artificial reefs compared with those in the group without artificial reefs in the two experiments. This present study found that the stressed sea cucumbers cultured inside artificial reefs showed a significantly higher adhesion index, feeding behavior, and crawling frequency than those cultured without artificial reefs. In disease challenge assays, small sea cucumbers cultured inside the artificial reefs showed a significantly higher adhesion index and crawling frequency than those cultured without artificial reefs at 25 °C. Feeding, crawling, and adhesion behaviors of sea cucumbers cultured outside artificial reefs were not significantly different from those cultured without artificial reefs. The experimental results indicate that sea cucumbers with good fitness-related behaviors may be less affected by the disease and more likely to move into the crevices of artificial reefs. Fitness-related behaviors were poor in sea cucumbers cultured outside artificial reefs, so we considered them as affected individuals. Thus, artificial reefs provide a place to reduce the physical contact between unaffected and diseased/affected individuals, showing a potential to reduce disease transmission. Our present study establishes a cost-effective approach to increasing the survival of small sea cucumbers in seed production at high temperatures.

Background. Exosomes have been proven to play important diagnostic, regulatory, or communication roles in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, or metastasis; in recent studies, lots of molecules, including miRNAs, were found to be aberrantly expressed in tumor exosomes and were correlated with tumor development. However, studies about the expression, relationship, or control mechanisms of miRNAs in exosomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are scarce and urgently needed. The aim of this article was to identify and investigate abnormally expressed miRNAs in PDAC exosomes in vivo and in vitro. Methods. Microarray studies were used to detect aberrantly expressed miRNAs in PDAC exosomes, and miR-210 expression in cells or exosomes was further analyzed by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analyses, dual-luciferase assays, WB, and other assays were utilized to explore the miRNA molecular mechanisms. The living cell coculture model and immunofluorescence analysis were employed to image the communication between PDAC cells and endothelial cells. Other biological experiments in the study include a real-time intravital imaging system, EdU, transwell, xenograft models, and so on. Results. miR-210 is significantly expressed in PDAC exosomes and malignant cells. High miR-210 significantly facilitated tumor angiogenesis, cell invasion, and proliferation in PDAC cells. Further mechanistic detection revealed that miR-210 negatively regulated EFNA3 expression and participated in the PI3K/AKT/VEGFA or Wnt/Β-catenin/RHOA pathways, thus promoting tumor angiogenesis and cellular permeability. PDAC cells promote endothelial angiogenesis or permeability via miR-210 transmission by tumor exosomes. Exosomal miR-210 promotes PDAC progression in vivo. Further detection of PDAC plasma exosomal miR-210 suggests that exosomal miR-210 expression was high and significantly associated with vascular invasion and TNM stage and was an independent risk factor for PDAC overall survival. Conclusions. PDAC cell-secreted exosomes could promote angiogenesis and cellular permeability of neighboring endothelial angiogenesis or permeability via miR-210 transmission. Exosomal miR-210 may play important roles in tumor biology and may be a useful prognostic marker in PDAC.

The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius are two commercially important species and are widely cultured in China. Here, a laboratory experiment was conducted for 34 days to assess whether the survival, growth and behavior performances are better in the new commercially valuable integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system (group M, 90 S. intermedius and 37 A. japonicus/10,638 cm3 of stocking density) than those in the control group for sea urchins (group U, 90 S. intermedius/10,638 cm3 of stocking density) and the control group for sea cucumbers (group C, 37 A. japonicus/10,638 cm3 of stocking density). We found that feeding behavior, crawling behavior, body length and body weight of sea cucumbers were significantly greater in group M than those in group C. These results suggest that the new IMTA system improves fitness-related behaviors and consequently leads to a better growth in A. japonicus while maintaining a high biomass. We further found that group M showed significantly larger body size and Aristotle’s lantern reflex as well as significantly lower mortality and morbidity in sea urchins, compared to those in group U. This suggests that the new IMTA system greatly improves feeding behavior and body growth, and survival of cultured S. intermedius. This IMTA system is a promising candidate to promote the production efficiency of juvenile A. japonicus (as primary species) and S. intermedius (as subsidiary species) in China.

PurposeThis study aimed to elucidate the prognostic significance of a novel inflammation-joined and nutrition-related clinicopathological marker for colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsVarious factors from preoperative fasting blood samples from 2471 patients with CRC were retrospectively analyzed. Factors related to prognosis were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to generate survival curves, while the log-rank test was used to measure survival differences between groups.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP)/mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ratio, TNM stage, differentiation, right-sided tumor, age, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and CRP level were significantly associated with poor prognosis in CRC. In contrast, adjuvant chemotherapy is regarded as a protective factor. Elevation of CRP/MCV ratio (odds ratio [OR]: 1.535, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.121–2.104, P = 0.008), TNM stage (OR: 2.747, 95% CI: 2.175–3.469, P < 0.001), and differentiation (OR, 1.384; 95% CI, 1.150–1.666; P = 0.001) were prognostic risk factors in the multivariate analyses. Subgroup analysis showed that CRP/MCV, TNM staging system, and differentiation also independently affected survival in patients with lymph node-positive CRC. The nomogram based on these three indicators showed that CRP/MCV had a greater prognostic value and clinical significance for lymph node-positive patients with poorly differentiated tumors at the late stage.ConclusionA novel nomogram using the clinicopathologic index of inflammation and nutrition was constructed to predict the prognosis of CRC. Early interventions should be emphasized for advanced-stage patients with severe inflammation and poor nutritional status.

Purpose: Vascular invasion (VI) is associated with recurrence and is an indicator of poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC). Pre-operative identification of VI may guide the selection of the optimal surgical approach and assess the requirement for neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A total of 271 patients were retrospectively collected and randomly allocated into the training and validation datasets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to select potentially relevant features, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the nomogram. Results: The nomogram consisted of pre-operative serum complement C3 levels, duration of symptoms, pre-operative computed tomography stage, abdominal distension and undifferentiated carcinoma. The nomogram provided good calibration for both the training and the validation set, with area under the curve values of 0.792 and 0.774. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusion: The present study constructed a nomogram for the pre-operative prediction of VI in patients with GC. The nomogram may aid the identification of high-risk patients and aid the optimization of pre-operative decision-making.

Industrial control systems (ICS) are applied in many fields. Due to the development of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and big data analysis inducing more cyberattacks, ICS always suffers from the risks. If the risks occur during system operations, corporate capital is endangered. It is crucial to assess the security of ICS dynamically. This paper proposes a dynamic assessment framework for industrial control system security (DAF-ICSS) based on machine learning and takes an industrial robot system as an example. The framework conducts security assessment from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, combining three assessment phases: static identification, dynamic monitoring, and security assessment. During the evaluation, we propose a weighted Hidden Markov Model (W-HMM) to dynamically establish the system’s security model with the algorithm of Baum–Welch. To verify the effectiveness of DAF-ICSS, we have compared it with two assessment methods to assess industrial robot security. The comparison result shows that the proposed DAF-ICSS can provide a more accurate assessment. The assessment reflects the system’s security state in a timely and intuitive manner. In addition, it can be used to analyze the security impact caused by the unknown types of ICS attacks since it infers the security state based on the explicit state of the system.

Purpose Gastric cancer (GC) has a poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence. Perineural invasion (PNI) is a prognostic factor in GC that is associated with a high risk of systemic recurrence. Preoperative identification of PNI may facilitate patient stratification and optimal preoperative treatment. We therefore developed and validated a nomogram for the preoperative prediction of PNI. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data from 261 GC patients, who were randomly assigned to training (n = 185) and validation (n = 76) sets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to identify potentially relevant clinical parameters, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the nomogram. Results The nomogram consisted of body mass index, immunoglobulin A level, and computed tomography-based T- and N-stages. Good calibration was observed for both the training and validation sets, with areas under the curve of 0.77 and 0.79, respectively. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram was clinically relevant. Conclusion We developed and validated a nomogram for the preoperative prediction of PNI in patients with GC. Our nomogram may facilitate the identification of high-risk patients and optimization of preoperative decision-making.

Fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy is an essential component of systemic chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). The immune response is implicated in chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity. Here, we reported an immune risk (Imm-R) model for prognostic prediction in patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical information were collected from four data sets and divided into training set (n = 183) and validation set (validation set1: n = 34; validation set2: n = 99). The composition of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) populations was characterized with the CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm. A prognostic Imm-R model for predicting overall survival was established by performing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized COX regression analysis. T follicular helper cells and M0 macrophages were associated with better survival, while eosinophils were associated with worse survival. TIICs signature was constructed based on the above three immune cell types. Furthermore, a Imm-R model was created by integrating TIICs signature with immune-related genes (IRGs), which effectively in distinguishing CRC patients with poorer prognosis. The Imm-R model was associated with activation of the TGF-beta signaling and suppression of DNA damage. Results of this research provide new insights into the role of immunity for in fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy as well as a useful tools to predict the outcome of CRC patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy.

Self-regulated learning (SRL) has numerous benefits for students. For this reason, it is necessary to understand what factors can affect SRL. The literature has indicated that many factors can influence SRL as a whole. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between factors that can affect SRL and different phases of SRL. This research aims to investigate the influence of learning motivation and self-regulated learning climate on three phases of SRL (forethought, performance, and self-reflection) in higher education context. Thirteen Chinese undergraduates participated in semi-structured interviews. The results reveal that both learning motivation and self-regulated learning climate have significant impact on forethought, performance, and self-reflection. This study also demonstrates that personality may play a role of mediator in the effect of learning motivation on SRL. The influence of self-regulated learning climate on SRL is related to the level of interaction between teachers and students. These findings can help to further develop undergraduates' SRL ability.

A novel real-time digital nonlinearity post-calibration method was developed based on the Volterra series.With the purpose of fitting the inverse transfer function of the nonlinear distortion characteristics of the receiver,parameters of the model were measured and self-adaptively updated without knowledge of the inputs using the blind identification cri-terion that was aimed at the minimizing of the total energy of the frequencies other than strong signals in the calibrated outputs.Experimental results on multi-tone excitation and 16-QAM modulation input show that with the proposed method,spurs-free-dynamic-range（SFDR） of the high efficiency nonlinear receiver front-end would achieve almost 26dB improvement,and the ability of the system in weak signals detection can be also significantly enhanced.