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Abstract Background Measures in operations management are pivotal for monitoring and assessing various aspects of hospital performance. Existing literature highlights the importance of regularly updating key management measures to reflect changing trends and organizational goals. Advancements in machine learning (ML) have presented promising opportunities for enhancing the process of updating operations management measures. However, their specific application and performance remain relatively unexplored. We aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of using common ML techniques to identify and update key measures in hospital operations management. Methods Historical data on 43 measures on financial balance and quality of care under 4 categories were retrieved from the BI system of a regional health system in Central China. The dataset included 17 surgical and 15 non-surgical departments over 48 months. Four common ML techniques, linear models (LM), random forest (RF), partial least squares (PLS), and neural networks (NN), were used to identify the most important measures. Ordinary least square was employed to investigate the impact of the top 10 measures. A ground truth validation compared the ML-identified key measures against the humanly decided strategic measures from annual meeting minutes. Results For financial balancing, inpatient treatment revenue was an important measure in 3/4 years, followed by equipment depreciation costs. The measures identified using the same technique differed between years, though RF and PLS yielded relatively consistent results. For quality of care, none of the ML-identified measures repeated over the years. Those consistently important over four years differed almost entirely among four techniques. On ground truth validation, the 2016–2019 ML-identified measures were among the humanly identified measures, with the exception of equipment depreciation from the 2019 dataset. All the ML-identified measures for quality of care failed to coincide with the humanly decided measures. Conclusions Using ML to identify key hospital operational measures is viable but performance of ML techniques vary considerably. RF performs best among the four techniques in identifying key measures in financial balance. None of the ML techniques seem effective for identifying quality of care measures. ML is suggested as a decision support tool to remind and inspire decision-makers in certain aspects of hospital operations management.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is the most common orbital disease in adults, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration in the retrobulbar and periorbital soft tissues. This condition induces a series of pathological alterations including enlargement of the extraocular muscles, increased retrobulbar adipose tissue, soft tissue edema, and orbital fibrosis, resulting in elevated intraorbital pressure and impeded venous return, and in severe cases, can cause dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON), which is one of the main causes of vision loss in patients. There are abnormalities in ocular hemodynamics in TAO patients, and the occurrence of DON is closely related to optic nerve ischemia. Therefore, it may be important to understand and monitor changes in ocular blood flow in TAO patients as early as possible. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can obtain in vivo images of retinal and choroidal tissue structure and vasculature with non-contact, non-invasive, rapid, and high-resolution characteristics. They have been used to study changes in ocular blood flow in a variety of ophthalmic and systemic diseases. To date, a multitude of scholars have employed OCT and OCTA to investigate the microcirculatory structure and blood flow in the fundus of patients with TAO. However, the research results are still controversial due to differences in measurement techniques, confounding factors, and study populations, and there is no relevant domestic literature review in this field. This article reviews the research progress of OCT and OCTA in TAO, thus exploring the application value of OCT and OCTA technology in TAO.

Abstract Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) successfully alleviates pain from knee osteoarthritis, but muscle strength and function are reduced for a long period postoperatively. Postoperative active resistance exercise may play a relevant role. Purpose To systematically evaluate effects of lower-limb active resistance exercise (ARE) on mobility, physical function, muscle strength and pain intensity in patients with TKA. Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to September 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of ARE and no intervention or other rehabilitation program without PRE were included. The outcome variables were mobility (Maximal walking speed [MWS]/6-Minute Walk Test[6MWT]), physical function (Stair Climb Test [SCT]/Timed Up and Go [TUG]), knee extension/ flexion power(KEP/KFP), joint range of motion (ROM) and pain. Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) or Mean Differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and combined in meta-analyses. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Handbook were used for the methodological quality assessments. GRADE was used to assess the quality of evidence. The meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 14 randomized controlled trials, involving 880 patients, were finally included. The lower-limb ARE exhibited significantly greater improvement in MWS (MD 0.13, 95%CI 0.08–0.18, P

BackgroundSuicidal ideation serves as a sensitive predictive indicator for non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior， and NSSI behavior brings profound effects to both mental and physical health of senior high school students. Existing studies have made exploration on the relationship among insomnia， anxiety and NSSI behavior in the general population， but the internal mechanism of NSSI behavior in senior high school students with suicidal ideation requires further study.ObjectiveTo explore the pathway of anxiety between insomnia and NSSI behavior in senior high school students， so as to provide references for the intervention on NSSI behavior in such demographic.MethodsFrom December 10 to 15， 2021， cluster sampling was adopted to select 2 572 senior high school students across three senior high schools in Hubei Province as the research objects. Assessment was conducted by using Insomnia Severity Index （ISI）， Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item （GAD-7） and Adolescents Self-Harm Scale. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation among scores of scales finished by senior high school students with suicidal ideation. Model 4 from the SPSS 20.0 Process 4.2 was employed to test the mediating path of anxiety between insomnia and NSSI behavior.ResultsA total of 2 421 valid questionnaires （94.13%） were recovered， which revealed 554 cases （22.88%） with suicidal ideation and 408 cases （16.85%） with NSSI behavior. The scores of ISI， GAD-7 and Adolescents Self-Harm Scale of senior high school students with suicidal ideation were higher than those of students without suicidal ideation （Z=17.124， 20.611， 21.314， P

Abstract Understanding the nitrogen isotopic variations of individual amino acids (AAs) is essential for utilizing the nitrogen isotope values of individual amino acids (δ15N-AA) as source indicators to identify proteinaceous matter originating from biomass combustion processes. However, the nitrogen isotope effects (ε) associated with the degradation of individual amino acids during combustion processes have not been previously explored. In this study, we measured the nitrogen isotope values of residual free amino acids -following a series of controlled combustion experiments at temperatures of 160–240 °C and durations of 2 min to 8 h, as described in Part 1. δ15N values of proline, aspartate, alanine, valine, glycine, leucine, and isoleucine are more positive than their initial δ15N values after prolonged combustion. Variations in δ15N values of the most AAs conform to the Rayleigh fractionation during combustion and their nitrogen isotope effects (ε) are greatly impacted by their respective combustion degradation pathways. This is the first time the ε values associated with the degradation pathways of AAs during combustion have been characterized. Only the ε values associated with Pathway 1 (dehydration to form dipeptide) and 2 (simultaneous deamination and decarboxylation) are found to be significant and temperature-dependent, ranging from + 2.9 to 6.4‰ and + 0.9‰ to + 3.8‰, respectively. Conversely, ε values associated with other pathways are minor. This improves the current understanding on the degradation mechanisms of protein nitrogen during biomass burning.

Abstract Background Portal hypertension (PHT) has been proven to be closely related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether PHT before liver transplantation (LT) will affect the recurrence of HCC is not clear. Methods 110 patients with depressurization of the portal vein (DPV) operations (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt—TIPS, surgical portosystemic shunt or/and splenectomy) before LT from a HCC LT cohort, matched with 330 preoperative non-DPV patients; this constituted a nested case-control study. Subgroup analysis was based on the order of DPV before or after the occurrence of HCC. Results The incidence of acute kidney injury and intra-abdominal bleeding after LT in the DPV group was significantly higher than that in non-DPV group. The 5-year survival rates in the DPV and non-DPV group were 83.4% and 82.7% respectively (P = 0.930). In subgroup analysis, patients in the DPV prior to HCC subgroup may have a lower recurrence rate (4.7% vs.16.8%, P = 0.045) and a higher tumor free survival rate (88.9% vs.74.4%, P = 0.044) after LT under the up-to-date TNMI–II stage, while in TNM III stage, there was no difference for DPV prior to HCC subgroup compared with the DPV after HCC subgroup or the non-DPV group. Conclusion Compared with DPV after HCC, DPV treatment before HCC can reduce the recurrence rate of HCC after early transplantation (TNM I-II). DPV before LT can reduce the recurrence of early HCC.

ObjectiveCurrently, the lack of computerized systems to monitor the quality of cabbage transplants is a notable shortcoming in the agricultural industry, where transplanting operations play a crucial role in determining the overall yield and quality of the crop. To address this problem, a lightweight and efficient algorithm was developed to monitor the status of cabbage transplants in a natural environment.MethodsFirst, the cabbage image dataset was established, the cabbage images in the natural environment were collected, the collected image data were filtered and the transplanting status of the cabbage was set as normal seedling (upright and intact seedling), buried seedling (whose stems and leaves were buried by the soil) and exposed seedling (whose roots were exposed), and the dataset was manually categorized and labelled using a graphical image annotation tool (LabelImg) so that corresponding XML files could be generated. And the dataset was pre-processed with data enhancement methods such as flipping, cropping, blurring and random brightness mode to eliminate the scale and position differences between the cabbages in the test and training sets and to improve the imbalance of the data. Then, a cabbage transplantation state detection model based on YOLOv8s (You Only Look Once Version 8s) was designed. To address the problem that light and soil have a large influence on the identification of the transplantation state of cabbage in the natural environment, a multi-scale attention mechanism was embedded to increase the number of features in the model, and a multi-scale attention mechanism was embedded to increase the number of features in the model. Embedding the multi-scale attention mechanism to increase the algorithm's attention to the target region and improve the network's attention to target features at different scales, so as to improve the model's detection efficiency and target recognition accuracy, and reduce the leakage rate; by combining with deformable convolution, more useful target information was captured to improve the model's target recognition and convergence effect, and the model complexity increased by C3-layer convolution was reduced, which further reduced the model complexity. Due to the unsatisfactory localization effect of the algorithm, the focal extended intersection over union loss (Focal-EIoU Loss) was introduced to solve the problem of violent oscillation of the loss value caused by low-quality samples, and the influence weight of high-quality samples on the loss value was increased while the influence of low-quality samples was suppressed, so as to improve the convergence speed and localization accuracy of the algorithm.Results and DiscussionsEventually, the algorithm was put through a stringent testing phase, yielding a remarkable recognition accuracy of 96.2% for the task of cabbage transplantation state. This was an improvement of 2.8% over the widely used YOLOv8s. Moreover, when benchmarked against other prominent target detection models, the algorithm emerged as a clear winner. It showcased a notable enhancement of 3% and 8.9% in detection performance compared to YOLOv3-tiny. Simultaneously, it also managed to achieve a 3.7% increase in the recall rate, a metric that measured the efficiency of the algorithm in identifying actual targets among false positives. On a comparative note, the algorithm outperformed YOLOv5 in terms of recall rate by 1.1%, 2% and 1.5%, respectively. When pitted against the robust faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN), the algorithm demonstrated a significant boost in recall rate by 20.8% and 11.4%, resulting in an overall improvement of 13%. A similar trend was observed when the algorithm was compared to the single shot multibox detector (SSD) model, with a notable 9.4% and 6.1% improvement in recall rate. The final experimental results show that when the enhanced model was compared with YOLOv7-tiny, the recognition accuracy was increased by 3%, and the recall rate was increased by 3.5%. These impressive results validated the superiority of the algorithm in terms of accuracy and localization ability within the target area. The algorithm effectively eliminates interferenced factors such as soil and background impurities, thereby enhancing its performance and making it an ideal choice for tasks such as cabbage transplantation state recognition.ConclusionsThe experimental results show that the proposed cabbage transplantation state detection method can meet the accuracy and real-time requirements for the identification of cabbage transplantation state, and the detection accuracy and localization accuracy of the improved model perform better when the target is smaller and there are weeds and other interferences in the background. Therefore, the method proposed in this study can improve the efficiency of cabbage transplantation quality measurement, reduce the time and labor, and improve the automation of field transplantation quality survey.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 58 patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors and 27 patients with benign vocal cord lesions to explore the role of serum cytokines in these diseases’ characteristics and immunotherapy. The differences in the levels of 12 cytokines were measured. Additionally, the study examined the correlation between T helper cells (Th)1/Th2 cytokine levels and the clinical characteristics and immunotherapy efficacy of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The results show that the balance of Th1/Th2 is biased towards Th2 in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors. Among these, interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.021) was highly expressed in laryngeal tumors, and the expression levels of IL-1β (P = 0.008), IL-6 (P = 0.005), and IL-8 (P = 0.05) were higher in patients with poorly differentiated laryngeal tumors. The level of IL-4 (P = 0.0048) was significantly correlated with tumor location. The expression levels of IL-2 (P = 0.010), IL-4 (P = 0.028), IL-10 (P = 0.011), IL-12p70 (P = 0.034), IL-17 (P = 0.024), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P = 0.003), and interferon (IFN)-γ (P = 0.007) were related to lymph node metastasis. The level of IFN-γ (P = 0.016) was correlated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy, while the level of IFN-α (P = 0.013) was significantly correlated with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that patients with tumors, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis had higher levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine separation. In conclusion, the shift in the balance of Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression indicates higher tumor invasiveness, and IFN has potential as a circulating molecular marker for immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication in HIV-positive fracture patients undergoing surgery, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Accurate prediction of SSI risk can help guide clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes. However, there is a lack of user-friendly, Web-based calculator for predicting SSI risk in this patient population.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a novel web-based risk calculator for predicting SSI in HIV-positive fracture patients undergoing surgery in China.MethodA multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from HIV-positive fracture patients who underwent surgery in three tertiary hospitals in China between May 2011 and September 2023. We used patients from Beijing Ditan Hospital as the training cohort and patients from Chengdu Public Health and Changsha First Hospital as the external validation cohort. Univariate, multivariate logistic regression analyses and SVM-RFE were performed to identify independent risk factors for SSIs. A web-based calculator was developed using the identified risk factors and validated using an external validation cohort. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsA total of 338 HIV-positive patients were included in the study, with 216 patients in the training cohort and 122 patients in the validation cohort. The overall SSI incidence was 10.7%. The web-based risk calculator (https://sydtliubo.shinyapps.io/DynNom_for_SSI/) incorporated six risk factors: HBV/HCV co-infection, HIV RNA load, CD4+ T-cell count, Neu and Lym level. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.890 in the training cohort and 0.853 in the validation cohort. The calibration plot showed good agreement between predicted and observed SSI probabilities. The DCA indicated that the nomogram had clinical utility across a wide range of threshold probabilities.ConclusionOur study developed and validated a novel web-based risk calculator for predicting SSI risk in HIV-positive fracture patients undergoing surgery in China. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility, and can serve as a valuable tool for risk stratification and clinical decision-making in this patient population. Future studies should focus on integrating this nomogram into hospital information systems for real-time risk assessment and management.

Abstract Background Despite the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy, the clinical outcomes of HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remain poor. Methods To evaluate the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of HIV-associated BL, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients from multiple centers in China. Results The study included 41 patients from 8 medical centers. Among the included population, male patients accounted for 87.8%, with 75.6% in advanced stages. Notably, 46.3% of cases involved bone marrow, while 19.5% involved the central nervous system (CNS). The most commonly used chemotherapy regimen was DA-EPOCH ± R, accounting for 53.6% of cases. The overall response rates for patients receiving DA-EPOCH ± R and R-Hyper-CVAD were 59% and 58.2%, respectively. Interestingly, patients receiving regimens containing rituximab had similar complete remission rates (25% vs. 23.5%) and overall survival time (45.69 ± 11.58 vs. 47.79 ± 11.72 months, P = 0.907) compared to those without rituximab, but differed in progression rates (33.3% vs. 47.1%). For the entire cohort, the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 52% and 67%, respectively. CNS involvement was independent risk factors for survival, with 1-year PFS and OS rates of 0% and 38% for patients with CNS involvement, and PFS and OS rates of 66% and 75% for patients without CNS involvement. Conclusions HIV-associated BL patients in China have poor prognosis and show limited response to current treatment regimens. The absence of CNS involvement significantly improves clinical outcomes. The use of rituximab is not significantly associated with improved outcomes but can reduce disease progression.

Pecan seed oil is a valuable source of essential fatty acids and various bioactive compounds; however, the functions of microRNAs and their targets in oil biosynthesis during seed development are still unknown. Here, we found that the oil content increased rapidly in the three early stages in three cultivars, and that oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid component in the mature pecan embryos. We identified, analyzed, and validated the expression levels of miRNAs related to seed development and oil biosynthesis, as well as their potential target genes, using small RNA sequencing data from three stages (120, 135, and 150 days after flowering). During the seed development process, 365 known and 321 novel miRNAs were discovered. In total, 91 known and 181 novel miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed, and 633 target genes were further investigated. The expression trend analysis revealed that the 91 known miRNAs were classified into eight groups, approximately two-thirds of which were up-regulated, whereas most novel miRNAs were down-regulated. The qRT–PCR and degradome sequencing data were used to identify five miRNA- target pairs. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulation of oil biosynthesis in pecan seeds.

Although the petals of Rosa rugosa are rich in flavonoids and their bioactivity has a significant impact on human health, the flavonoid content decreases during flower development. In this study, R. rugosa ‘Feng hua’ was used to investigate the effects of the melatonin foliar spray on enhancing the quality of rose by focusing on major flavonoids. The results showed that the contents of total flavonoids in rose petals at the full bloom stage induced by melatonin obeyed a bell-shaped curve, with a maximum at 0.3 mM, indicating the concentration-dependent up-regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. In the treatment with 0.3 mM melatonin, metabolomic analyses showed that the concentrations of ten main flavonoids were identified to be increased by melatonin induction, with high levels and increases observed in three flavonols and two anthocyanins. KEGG enrichment of transcriptomic analysis revealed a remarkable enrichment of DEGs in flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, such as Rr4CL, RrF3H, and RrANS. Furthermore, functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing technology demonstrated that Rr4CL3 is the crucial gene regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in response to the stimulant of melatonin. This study provides insights into the exogenous melatonin regulation mechanism of biosynthesis of flavonoids, thereby offering potential industrial applications.

Foxtail millet is a drought-tolerant cereal and forage crop. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) gene family plays important roles in regulating plant development and responding to stresses. However, the roles of bZIP genes in foxtail millet remain largely uninvestigated. In this study, 92 members of the bZIP transcription factors were identified in foxtail millet and clustered into ten clades. The expression levels of four SibZIP genes (SibZIP11, SibZIP12, SibZIP41, and SibZIP67) were significantly induced after PEG treatment, and SibZIP67 was chosen for further analysis. The studies showed that ectopic overexpression of SibZIP67 in Arabidopsis enhanced the plant drought tolerance. Detached leaves of SibZIP67 overexpressing plants had lower leaf water loss rates than those of wild-type plants. SibZIP67 overexpressing plants improved survival rates under drought conditions compared to wild-type plants. Additionally, overexpressing SibZIP67 in plants displayed reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) under drought stress. Furthermore, the drought-related genes, such as AtRD29A, AtRD22, AtNCED3, AtABF3, AtABI1, and AtABI5, were found to be regulated in SibZIP67 transgenic plants than in wild-type Arabidopsis under drought conditions. These data suggested that SibZIP67 conferred drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by regulating antioxidant enzyme activities and the expression of stress-related genes. The study reveals that SibZIP67 plays a beneficial role in drought response in plants, offering a valuable genetic resource for agricultural improvement in arid environments.

In the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control, high-precision navigation algorithms are a research hotspot. To address the problem of poor localization caused by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors in ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, an UWB/MIMU integrated navigation method was developed, and a particle filter (PF) algorithm for data fusion was improved upon. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) was used to improve the method of constructing the importance density function (IDF) in the traditional PF, so that the particle sampling process fully considers the real-time measurement information, increases the sampling efficiency, weakens the particle degradation phenomenon, and reduces the UAV positioning error. We compared the positioning accuracy of the proposed extended Kalman particle filter (EKPF) algorithm with that of the EKF and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm used in traditional UWB/MIMU data fusion through simulation, and the results proved the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through outdoor experiments. We found that, in NLOS environments, compared with pure UWB positioning, the accuracy of the EKPF algorithm in the X- and Y-directions was increased by 35% and 39%, respectively, and the positioning error in the Z-direction was considerably reduced, which proved the practicability of the proposed algorithm.

Rosa rugosa, a renowned ornamental plant, is cultivated for its essential oil containing valuable monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other compounds widely used in the floriculture industry. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes for abiotic or biotic stress. In this study, we successfully cloned and characterized a full-length FPPS- encoding cDNA identified as RrFPPS1 using RT-PCR from R. rugosa. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RrFPPS1 belonged to the angiosperm-FPPS clade. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the RrFPPS1 gene had tissue-specific expression patterns. Subcellular localization analysis using Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed that RrFPPS1 was a cytoplasmic protein. In vitro enzymatic assays combined with GC-MS analysis showed that RrFPPS1 produced farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) using isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as substrates to provide a precursor for sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis in the plant. Additionally, our research found that RrFPPS1 was upregulated under salt treatment. These substantial findings contribute to an improved understanding of terpene biosynthesis in R. rugosa and open new opportunities for advancements in horticultural practices and fragrance industries by overexpression of the RrFPPS1 gene in vivo increased FPP production and subsequently led to elevated sesquiterpene yields in the future. The knowledge gained from this study can potentially lead to the development of enhanced varieties of R. rugosa with improved aroma, medicinal properties, and resilience to environmental stressors.

Abstract Background Sedentary behaviors are associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. The feasibility of behavioral interventions in this population is unclear. Methods In the Sit Less, Interact, Move More (SLIMM) trial of 106 participants who had obesity, those randomized to the SLIMM intervention (N = 54) were instructed to replace sedentary activities with stepping. An accelerometer was used to measure physical activity. In this secondary analysis, mixed effect models were used to examine the effects of the SLIMM intervention on sedentary and stepping durations and steps/day by age (

Six-degrees of freedom (6-DOF) parallel mechanisms driven by switched reluctance motors (SRMs) can realize flexible control with high precision. Efficiency is an important indicator to measure the speed control system of SRMs. There are many characteristic factors affecting efficiency and strong nonlinear relationships between different characteristic parameters, which makes it difficult for analytical models and traditional neural network models to express their spatial correlation. For this reason, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) efficiency regression prediction model (CNN-BiLSTM-SENet) that integrates the attention mechanism (SENet) is proposed. Firstly, customize a formula for sensitivity analysis to screen characteristic parameters of efficiency. Secondly, build the CNN-BiLSTM-SENet model and use sparrow search algorithm (SSA) for hyperparameter optimization, input data to CNN to extract high-dimensional feature vectors that reflect complex changing relationships between features and efficiency while establishing feature channels. Embed the SENet to adaptively perceive and assign different weights to the feature channels, enhancing the influence of key features. Input the feature vectors outputted by the front-end network to BiLSTM to bidirectionally learn coupling relationships between sequences and complete regression prediction. Finally, propose improved northern goshawk optimization (MNGO) to solve the regression model to obtain the maximum efficiency and corresponding characteristic parameters. The results proved that the SSA-optimized CNN-BiLSTM-SENet model has higher fitting exactness and better prediction effect for efficiency regression prediction, and the MNGO also has stronger search ability and faster convergence.

Against the backdrop of global warming, intensifying regional conflicts, deglobalization, and the spread of diseases, global food security is facing severe challenges. Studying the food security situation in China and the United States in depth can provide practical experience for formulating food security policies for countries around the world and promoting global food security governance. On the basis of a meticulous review of the evolving connotations of food security, this study adopts six dimensions—quantity security, quality security, circulation security, economic security, ecological resource security, and policy security—as breakthrough points to construct a framework consisting of food security evaluation indicator system comprising 29 specific indicators. The CRITIC–MEREC–MARCOS model is applied to evaluate the status of food security in China and the United States from 2000 to 2022, while the obstacle degree model (ODM) model is utilized to identify factors impeding food security between the two countries. The results indicate that the level of food security in China has shown slight fluctuations initially, followed by a steady upward trend. The gap with the United States is continuously narrowing. However, significant differences between China and the United States still exist in terms of economic security, ecological resource security, and policy security. Furthermore, due to the limited productivity of agricultural labor, scarcity of water and soil resources, and low efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, China’s food security is subject to economic and environmental constraints. The restrictions imposed by economic security and ecological resource security on China’s food security are showing an increasing trend year by year. For the United States, with the obstruction of grain exports and the increasing frequency of drought disasters, the impact of circulation security and ecological resource security on food security is becoming increasingly prominent. In the future, China and the United States should join hands to address challenges, actively promote international cooperation in food security, and drive sustainable development for humanity.

BackgroundThe primary heat exchanger (PHX) used in the 10 MWt Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), is a U-tube heat exchanger, where the shell side (hot side) contains the fuel salt from the primary loop and the tube side (cold side) carries the coolant salt from the secondary loop.PurposeThis study aims to deepen the understanding and mastery of the operational characteristics of molten salt heat exchangers, and to accumulate experience in their design and operation within molten salt reactors.MethodsFirstly, based on the design parameters, the MSRE-PHX was modeled, and theoretical calculations for shell and tube hear exchanger were conducted using the Kern method and the Bell-Delaware method. Then, software simulations were performed using HTRI Xchanger Suite, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were also carried out with Ansys Fluent. Finally, critical performance metrics, such as the heat transfer coefficient, the pressure drop, and the heat transfer power, were obtained and compared to the MSRE operation data.ResultsThe comparison results indicate that the discrepancies from theoretical calculations, HTRI software, and CFD simulations, are all within acceptable margins to the experimental data. Notably, the greatest variance is found with the Kern method, which showed a deviation in heat transfer quantity of about 15%, while the smallest discrepancy is observed in the overall heat transfer coefficient calculated using HTRI software, differing by merely 0.16% from the experimental data.ConclusionsAll of the methods are suitable and applicable for designing and studying a molten salt shell and tube heat exchanger. Moreover, the CFD simulation can provide fine localized details of the heat transfer and flow of the molten salt fluid. This offers substantial theoretical support and practical guidance for the future design and improvement of molten salt heat exchangers.

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link) is a commercial significance woody plant. As a rare winter-blooming plant, C. praecox is widely distributed and highly adaptable to various climates, especially low temperatures. In this study, we identified the COR413 plasma membrane gene CpCOR413PM1 in wintersweet. CpCOR413PM1 was expressed in all tissues of the plant, with the highest expression observed in the root and floral parts. Cultivation under 4 °C and with treatment of ABA led to the up-regulated expression of CpCOR413PM1. The expression of recombinant CpCOR413PM1 protein in Escherichia coli resulted in the tissues’ increased resilience to cold and drought stress. In vitro enzyme activity assays confirmed the protective impact of the CpCOR413PM1 protein on superoxide dismutase under low-temperature stress. Furthermore, the overexpression of CpCOR413PM1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in increased cold and drought tolerance and ABA inhibited transgenic Arabidopsis seed germination. The CpCOR413PM1 gene promoter can influence expression of the GUS reporter gene under conditions of 4 °C, 42 °C and abscisic acid. Overall, our study demonstrates that CpCOR413PM1 plays a significate role in cold and drought stress. Our findings strengthen the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying wintersweet’s tolerance to stress and lay the groundwork for the future investigation of the functions of the COR gene family.

Rosa rugosa is highly regarded for its aesthetic and therapeutic qualities. In particular, R. rugosa’s flowers are known to produce essential oils containing a mixture of volatile terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and other compounds. Despite this, extensive research exists on volatile terpenes in flowers, while the knowledge of non-volatile terpenes in distinct tissues is still limited. Using UPLC–ESI–MS/MS, a comprehensive analysis of the terpene metabolites in five different tissues of R. rugosa was conducted. These metabolites accumulated in distinct tissues, and the majority of them were triterpenoids. Transcriptome data were collected from five tissues using RNA-seq. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were utilized to evaluate the triterpene biosynthesis pathway, resulting in new insights into its regulation and biosynthesis. The RrOSC10 was identified as a key enzyme in converting 2,3-oxidosqualene into α-amyrin, potentially contributing to the triterpene biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the expression of the RrOSC10 gene was upregulated by salinity for 0.5 h and 1 h, with subsequent downregulation at 2 h. This study lays a foundation for future research on the biosynthesis and accumulation of triterpenes in R. rugosa.

The goal of this research is to utilize some ansatz forms of solutions to obtain novel forms of soliton solutions for the Benney–Luke equation. It is a mathematically valid approximation that describes the propagation of two-way water waves in the presence of surface tension. By using ansatz forms of solutions, with an appropriate set of parameters, the lump soliton, periodic cross-kink waves, multi-waves, breather waves, Ma-breather, Kuznetsov–Ma-breather, periodic waves and rogue waves solutions can be obtained. Breather waves are confined, periodic, nonlinear wave solutions that preserve their amplitude and shape despite alternating between compression and expansion. For some integrable nonlinear partial differential equations, a lump soliton is a confined, stable solitary wave solution. Rogue waves are unusually powerful and sharp ocean surface waves that deviate significantly from the surrounding wave pattern. They pose a threat to maritime safety. They typically show up in solitary, seemingly random circumstances. Periodic cross-kink waves are a particular type of wave pattern that has frequent bends or oscillations that cross at right angles. These waves provide insights into complicated wave dynamics and arise spontaneously in a variety of settings. In order to predict the wave dynamics, certain 2D, 3D and contour profiles are also analyzed. Since these recently discovered solutions contain certain arbitrary constants, they can be used to describe the variation in the qualitative characteristics of wave phenomena.

The construction of modular digital smart grid, as a result, the complexity of the power grid is increasing and new technologies and schemes are emerging, more sophisticated design means are needed. Therefore, the author puts forward the research on the intelligent design of three-dimensional digital substation. The emergence of 3D design has changed the status quo of difficult collaboration among multiple disciplines under the traditional design mode, and improved the level of substation design from the perspective of life-cycle management. Firstly, the characteristics of digital collaborative design are analyzed, the construction of 3D model library of equipment is explained, and the intelligent auxiliary control system of substation is described, taking a project as an example, after checking the electrification distance, it can be found that the electrification distance between the camera arranged in the 220kV power distribution unit area and the lightning arrester of the outgoing line does not meet the requirements, and the number of equipment is 3, the application of three-dimensional design is described from the aspects of video monitoring system, automatic fire extinguishing system, etc, its application in the front end equipment layout, model retrieval, collision inspection between safety distance and foundation, buried pipe design, material statistics and other dimensions of these systems were shown in detail, the method of 3D design is deeply studied and applied to the practical engineering design of high voltage substation. The space characteristics of 3D design can be used to realize complex underground pipeline layout, cable optimal layout, collision inspection, construction simulation, visual display, etc.

【Objective】 Cadmium is a heavy metal commonly seen in contaminated soils. Its uptake and translocation in plants depends on many factors. In this paper, we investigated the effect of soil Cd content on Cd uptake and its subsequent translocation and accumulation in two maize varieties. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a field, with Zhengdan 985 (ZD) and Xiangyu 335 (XY) varieties used as the model plants. Cd content in the soil varied from 0.16 mg/kg (CK) to 15.76 mg/kg. In each treatment, we measured the enrichment and translocation of Cd to each tissue organ and analyzed the correlation between soil Cd content and Cd content in different tissues and organs of the two varieties. 【Result】 In all treatments, Cd was mainly accumulated in the roots, leaves and bracts, followed by stalk and ear axis. Cd content in the seeds was 0.08%~5.12%, the lowest compared with that in other organs. Cd content in the seeds of ZD increased with the increase in soil Cd content, while the maximum Cd content in the seeds of XY was 0.26 mg/kg when the soil Cd content was 6.71 mg/kg. Analysis showed that the strongest enriching organ of ZD and XY was roots and the weakest was seeds. The enrichment of Cd in stems, leaves and bracts varied with soil Cd content, though there was a varietal difference. When soil Cd content was the same, the translocation of Cd in root-to-leaf and root-to-bud was the strongest, though there were a varietal difference and soil Cd effect. Cd content in the roots, stem, leaves, bract, rachis and seeds were significantly correlated with soil Cd content, with the correlation coefficient for the root, stem and leaf being 0.973, 0.961 and 0.963, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Distribution, enrichment and translocation of Cd in maize were affected by soil Cd content and the maize variety. Both ZD and XY grew healthily; there was only a limited Cd accumulation in their seeds when soil Cd content was 1.70~15.76 mg/kg, though the XY was more productive when soil Cd content was 1.70~6.71 mg/kg.

Today, in the information age, digital technological innovation is changing rapidly, and the in-depth development of digitization, networking, and intelligence has revitalized the living heritage of natural heritage and provided a new direction for the development of the field of natural heritage study tours. In this paper, a Monte Carlo rendering method based on deep learning is used to improve the image output quality of the virtual model by analyzing the characteristics of the output image of the natural heritage model. The digital display of nature study activities features Zhejiang Nature Museum as the design object. Its educational value can be demonstrated through virtual characters, storylines, interactive games, and other methods. Through the survey statistics, it can be concluded that the visual design program for nature studies has a better practical application effect. Based on the SOR theory, a model for analyzing research experience satisfaction is established based on the perception transfer of the research place and the research activity scenario. In this research activity, the regression coefficients of the quality of the virtual scenario and the perception of the educational value are the highest, which are 0.238 and 0.226, respectively, indicating that the two have the greatest role in the satisfaction of the students.

As an effective tool for refining local gravity data with mGal accuracy, vehicle gravimetry system usually consists of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). However, the traditional system is unable to achieve gravimetry in an environment without GNSS signal dues to heavy dependence on GNSS signal. To solve this problem, this study proposed a gravimetry method specifically for the environment without GNSS signal, which consists of the high-precision Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) and Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) developed by our unit. Based on the error analysis, the system index requirements were proposed, and the relevant indexes of the LDV are verified through simulation and vehicle experiment. The simulation results for different velocimeter accuracies show that the internal accord accuracy of the system is within 1mGal when the velocimeter accuracy is 1 ‰, and the internal accord accuracies of the system are more than 1mGal when the velocimeter accuracies are 5 ‰ and 10‰. The results of the vehicle experiment for different dimensional velocimeters show that when the spatial resolution is 1.7 km, the SINS/LDV (2D) and SINS/GNSS integrated systems have an internal accord accuracy of 0.68 mGal and 0.54 mGal, respectively, while the SINS/LDV (1D) integrated system has an internal accord accuracy of 1.50 mGal. The feasibility of the SINS/LDV system and the necessity of the SINS/LDV system for the dimension and accuracy of the velocimeter are illustrated.

Psychological education in colleges and universities can inject new vitality into Civic Education. In this paper, the ridge estimation of regression parameters is based on the linear regression model, the canonical form of ridge regression is constructed, and the selection method of ridge parameters is proposed by combining the ridge trace plot and the Mcdorard-Garaneau method. The prediction accuracy of the ridge regression is optimized by using the idea of partial least squares for the shortcomings of the general ridge regression. After completing the improvement of ridge regression, the quantitative evaluation indexes of psychological education and Civic Education in colleges and universities were established, and the influence of psychological education on Civic Education was studied through regression analysis. The correlation coefficient R of faculty and hardware construction of psychological education on the content richness of Civic Education reached 0.725, and the standardized regression coefficient T of the former was −0.357, while the latter was −4.257, and the former was more significant than the latter. Meanwhile, the regression coefficients of organizational management and institutional setting, faculty construction and work organization and effectiveness on the level of college students’ psychological education were 0.54, 0.26 and 0.24, respectively, with significant joint effects. This study realizes the quantitative analysis of psychological education influencing Civic Education, which helps to promote the integration and development of psychological education and Civic Education.

To eliminate the impact on the original data, the visual design sample set is subjected to mathematical transformation in this paper. The Gini coefficient is calculated based on an attribute, the decision tree is trained, and a set of functions is taken to obtain the final output by averaging all decision trees to obtain an unbiased data set estimate and help construct the decision tree. The data analysis resulted in a significant increase in the overall indicators, with the imagery concept visual elements increasing from 60% to 100%, and the overall indicators were above 50%. More visual elements with traditional Chinese cultural meanings should be created in visual design practice and made to become a new carrier for the inheritance and regeneration of non-heritage traditional culture in visual design development.

In this paper, we first propose the basic technical support and service and management of university intelligent physical education composition, and on this basis, we propose a teaching quality assessment model based on multivariate statistical analysis and regression analysis. Among them, multivariate statistical analysis is used to calculate the factor loadings A of physical education teaching, and multiple linear regression is used to establish the teaching quality assessment model and test it. Finally, an empirical analysis of teaching quality assessment was conducted with smart physical education as an example. The results show that the comprehensive assessment value of smart physical education teaching quality based on a multiple linear regression model is very close to the actual value, and the error value ranges from [0.003 to 0.027]. The error values are smaller than [0.0135~0.0921] of the ANN model and [0.0635~0.1033] of the neural network model. The research in this paper can provide scientific quality assessment methods and theoretical support for smart physical education in colleges and universities to promote the development of smart physical education and improve teaching quality in colleges and universities.

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a tonic plant that has both ornamental and medicinal properties. Terpenoids are significant and diverse secondary metabolites in plants, and are one of the important natural active ingredients in D. officinale. The AP2/ERF gene family plays a major role in primary and secondary metabolism. However, the AP2/ERF transcription factor family has not been identified in D. officinale, and it is unclear if it is involved in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis. This study identified a sesquiterpene synthetase-β-patchoulene synthase (DoPAES) using transcriptome and terpenic metabolic profile analyses. A total of 111 members of the AP2/ERF family were identified through the whole genome of D. officinale. The tissue-specific expression and gene co-expression pattern of the DoAP2/ERF family members were analyzed. The results showed that the expression of DoPAES was highly correlated with the expression of DoAP2/ERF89 and DoAP2/ERF47. The yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays and dual-luciferase experiments demonstrated that DoAP2/ERF89 and DoAP2/ERF47 could regulate the expression of DoPAES. The transcriptional regulatory effects were examined using homologous transient expression of DoAP2/ERF89 in protocorms of D. officinale. DoAP2/ERF89 positively regulated the biosynthesis of β-patchoulene. This study showed that DoAP2/ERF89 can bind to the promoter region of DoPAES to control its expression and further regulate the biosynthesis of β-patchoulene in D. officinale. These results provide new insights on the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis.

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has emerged as a major public health concern in China. When patients with HIV infection undergo surgical treatment, there are two main challenges. Firstly, medical staff face a high risk of HIV infection due to occupational exposure. Secondly, the patient’s immune function is impaired, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections and postoperative complications. The surgical treatment of such patients is unique, and the risk of occupational exposure during the operation primarily depends upon the viral load of HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore, perioperative antiretroviral therapy is of paramount importance in order to standardize the perioperative antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS patients. The Surgery Group of the Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, in collaboration with the Treatment Association, and Surgery Group of the Chinese Medical Association of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, has developed an expert consensus on perioperative antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS patients. This consensus encompasses various aspects, including surgical risk assessment, selection of perioperative antiretroviral therapy regimens, prevention of opportunistic infections, and the crucial focus on rapid preoperative viral load reduction and immune function reconstruction for HIV/AIDS patients.

Based on the computational fluid dynamics, a numerical model of deep-sea landing vehicle was established to meet the requirements of deep-sea landing vehicle for large scale and long period submarine operation. The key design variables were determined by parametric analysis of the control point of the landing vehicle bow modeled line, which was carried out in the Isight software through the combination with SolidWorks and Fluent. The optimal latin Hypercube method is used to select sample points for the direct navigation resistance calculation, an approximate model of design variable-resistance was established based on the radial basis function neural network, and the optimal design of landing vehicle bow modeled line was carried out by using the adaptive simulated annealing algorithm. The optimized resistance is reduced by 14.24%, and the hydrodynamic performance is improved. This work provides a basis for the optimization design of the deep-sea landing vehicle and can also provide a reference for the numerical analysis of other submersible vehicles.

Random Fourier features represent one of the most influential and wide-spread techniques in machine learning to scale up kernel algorithms. As the methods based on random Fourier approximation of the kernel function can overcome the shortcomings of machine learning methods that require a large number of labeled sample, it is effective to be applied to the practical areas where samples are difficult to obtain. Network traffic forwarding policy making is one such practical application, and it is widely concerned in the programmable networks. With the advantages of kernel techniques and random Fourier features, this paper proposes an application of network traffic forwarding policy making method based on random Fourier approximation of kernel function in programmable networks to realize traffic forwarding policy making to improve the security of networks. The core of the method is to map traffic forwarding features to Hilbert high-dimensional space through random Fourier transform, and then uses the principle of maximum interval to detect adversarial samples. Compared with the traditional kernel function method, it improves the algorithm efficiency from square efficiency to linear efficiency. The AUC on the data set from real-world network reached 0.9984, showing that the method proposed can realize traffic forwarding policy making effectively to improve the security of programmable networks.

Boosting is an ensemble learning method that combines a set of weak learners into a strong learner to minimize training errors. AdaBoost algorithm, as a typical boosting algorithm, transforms weak learners or predictors to strong predictors in order to solve problems of classification. With remarkable usability and effectiveness, AdaBoost algorithm has been widely used in many fields, such as face recognition, speech enhancement, natural language processing, and network intrusion detection. In the large-scale enterprise network environment, more and more companies have begun to build trustworthy networks to effectively defend against hacker attacks. However, since trustworthy networks use trusted flags to verify the legitimacy of network requests, it cannot effectively identify abnormal behaviors in network data packets. This paper applies Adaboost algorithm in trustworthy network for anomaly intrusion detection to improve the defense capability against network attacks. This method uses a simple decision tree as the base weak learner, and uses AdaBoost algorithm to combine multiple weak learners into a strong learner by re-weighting the samples. This paper uses the real data of trustworthy network for experimental verification. The experimental results show that the average precision of network anomaly detection method based on AdaBoost algorithm is more than 0.999, indicating that it has a significant detection effect on abnormal network attacks and normal network access. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively improve the security of trustworthy networks.

Innovating coal development and utilization technology to reduce carbon emissions during the whole life cycle of coal from production to utilization is a coal-based clean energy route that meets the characteristics of China's energy endowments. Underground gasification is one of the potential methods of deep coal in-situ mining, coupled with CCS/CCUS (Carbon Capture and Storage/Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) deep coal underground gasification hydrogen production technology route can not only utilize the rich deep coal resources, but also is expected to become an ideal of coal-based low-cost hydrogen production route. Based on the world's only kilometer-level deep coal underground gasification test data, combined with Aspen Plus process simulation, the carbon emission accounting and carbon emission reduction potential analysis of deep coal underground gasification hydrogen production were carried out. Compared with the commercial ground Lurgi fixed bed pressurized gasification hydrogen production route, the life cycle assessment method is used to establish the whole life cycle carbon emission calculation model of the two processes, compared the life cycle carbon emissions of the two hydrogen production routes.The CCS/CCUS path and carbon emission reduction potential of the underground gasification of deep coal are further evaluated.The results show that the carbon emissions during the life cycle of underground gasification of deep coal and ground gasification of Lurgi coal are 3.29×109 t CO2-eq and 3.93×106 t CO2-eq in the case of hydrogen production capacity of 1.2 billion Nm3/a, respectively, and the carbon dioxide directly emitted into the atmosphere in the form of exhaust gas is 2.09×106 t and 2.24×106 t, respectively. The main carbon emitters in the hydrogen production phase are exhaust gases, including exhaust gases from acid gas removal units and flue gases from methane reforming units. The high methane content characteristics brought about by the underground gasification process of deep coal lead to the CO2 emissions contributed by the flue gas of the methane reforming unit to 8.84 kg when producing 1 kg of hydrogen.In terms of indirect emissions, deep coal underground gasification directly uses liquid water as a gasifier without consuming external steam, so the carbon emissions caused by steam consumption are lower than that of ground gasification. The upstream of Lurgi coal surface gasification includes the coal mining and processing and coal transportation stages, and although the carbon emissions in these two phases are only 6.7%, but still bring 2.63×105 t CO2-eq. If the deep coal underground gasification cavity is used for CO2 geological storage under the premise of geological safety risk assessment, the storage capacity can reach 61.8% of the total carbon emissions, and if the urea device is supported by 470,000 tons / year, the remaining CO2 can be effectively used,to form a near-zero emission deep coal underground gasification hydrogen production and urea co-production technical route. The research results provide a scientific basis for quantitative evaluation of carbon emissions for hydrogen production from deep coal underground gasification.

The widespread use of software public component libraries increases the speed of software development while expanding the attack surface of software.Vulnerabilities that exist in public component libraries are widely distributed in software that uses the library files,and the compatibility,stability,and development delays make it difficult to fix such vulnerabilities and the patching period is long.Software component analysis is an important tool to solve such problems,but limited by the problem of ineffective feature selection and difficulties in extracting accurate features from public component libraries,the accuracy of component analysis is not high and generally stays at the level of kind location.In this paper,we propose a public component library feature extraction method based on cross-fingerprint analysis,build a fingerprint library based on 25 000 open source projects on GitHub platform,propose source string role classification,export function fingerprint analysis,binary compilation fingerprint analysis,etc.to extract cross-fingerprints of component libraries,realize the accurate localization of public component libraries,develop a prototype tool LVRecognizer,test and evaluate 516 real softwares,and obtain a accuracy rate of 94.74%.

In order to comprehend the ageing characteristics profoundly and evaluate the ageing degree of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation, the XLPE cable insulation is subjected to accelerated ageing experiment at 135 oC. The variation of elongation at break is characterized by the tensile test. The carbonyl concentration and antioxidant contents in XLPE are measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results show that the ageing of XLPE cable insulation exhibits critical time characteristic, namely elongation at break of XLPE decreases slowly and then decreases dramatically with ageing time. Meanwhile the carbonyl concentrations also increase slowly at first and then increases rapidly. The critical time is 2016h when aged at 135 oC. While the content of antioxidant gradually decreases without inflection point. Based on the chain free radical theory, the thermal ageing kinetics model considering the reaction of antioxidant is established, and the variation of antioxidant content and carbonyl concentration during the thermal ageing of XLPE cable insulation are furtherly calculated by simulation. Simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results indicate that the antioxidant content could reveal the ageing degree of XLPE insulation.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in young adults and to explore the influence of OAB on mental health. Methods Between October 2019 and January 2020, 14,010 anonymous questionnaires were distributed to freshmen at 2 universities in Henan, China. The students came from all over the country. The questionnaire included general items and information necessary to calculate the overactive bladder symptom score, the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, Self-Esteem Scale (SES) score, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score. The relationships between the prevalence of OAB and its risk factors were evaluated. Results The overall prevalence of OAB was 6.0%, with 4.3% of participants characterized as having dry OAB and 1.7% as having wet OAB. The prevalence of mild OAB was 5.5%, and that of moderate OAB was 0.5%; no severe OAB was observed. Higher prevalence rates of OAB were found among women, respondents with constipation, and respondents with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) (P

BACKGROUND With the high specific surface area, rich functional groups and strong adsorption capacity, attapulgite (AT) and its modified materials have become a research hotspot in the field of heavy metal remediation of farmland soil. OBJECTIVES To investigate the stabilization mechanism and effect of different modified AT for Cd-contaminated alkaline soil. METHODS AT materials were modified by sodium hydroxide and ferric chloride. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption test (BET-BJH) were used to analyze the microstructure and surface morphology of the modified AT. Combined with the characterization results, the passivation mechanism was analyzed, and the indoor simulated Cd-contaminated alkaline soil cultivation experiment and the lettuce potting experiment were carried out. Soil Cd content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effect differences between single application and compound application of two modified attapulgites in Cd-contaminated alkaline soil were investigated. RESULTS Alkali treatment made the Si-O groups and structural negative charges increase, and the number of micropores and specific surface area of the iron-modified attapulgite (IM) also increased. The internal pore distribution and surface morphology of attapulgite can be significantly changed in two types of modification, which can also improve their adsorption capacity. Alkali-modified attapulgite (AM) can improve soil pH and cation exchange (CEC) by stronger chemical adsorption capacity, while IM has stronger physical adsorption capacity and strong chemical adsorption capacity, which makes soil pH decrease and CEC rise. To a certain extent, the compound application of the two materials can reduce soil pH and improve CEC, which can improve their stabilization effect. After using the passivation material of AM: IM ratio of 3:1 and 2.00% of the soil mass, the available DTPA-Cd content was reduced by 33.85%, and the BCF of lettuce was reduced by 24.49%. The treatment attained the best stabilization effect. CONCLUSIONS IM has good stabilization effect on heavy metal Cd in alkaline soil. AM should be avoided for single application, and it can be recombined with other stabilization materials to achieve better reduction of soil Cd pollution while improving the quality of alkali soil.

Considering that many hydrological analysis methods compare and analyze the runoff before and after the construction of the reservoir, without restoring the measured data of the hydrological station, in this case, when the length of the measured data series is short, the evaluation results will be affected. In this article, based on the runoff reduction of stations affected by water conservancy projects, an improved range of variability approach (RVA) which can be applied to 1-year hydrological change analysis is proposed by coupling the hydrological variation index with the appropriate upper and lower limit theory of RVA. As Jialing river watershed is selected as the research area, the runoff depth of Beibei station is reduced, and then the improved RVA is employed to analyze the degree of change in river water regime. It is concluded that the change degree of overall hydrological index in Beibei station is high, and the prediction of variation of water regime of Beibei station can be made with the aid of simulating the operation of cascade reservoirs, with the inflow of Beibei station in flood season to reduce, and the inflow in dry season to increase. The example verifies the effectiveness of the improved RVA method, and the analysis results can provide a reference for the adjustment of the operation mode of upstream cascade reservoirs.

Ablation of the buffer layer in high voltage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables has been the attractive type of cable failure. The ablation of buffer layer commonly takes place under the pressure and moisture. Therefore,it is important to investigate the effect mechanism of pressure and moisture on the ablation of buffer layer. In this study,the simulated experiments of dry and wet water-blocking buffer tape under different pressures are carried out,whereby dynamic variations of current density,voltage and alternating current (AC) volume resistivity in the processes of ablation are obtained. The micromorphology of buffer tape specimens is obtained through the scanning electronic spectroscopy. It is shown that the AC volume resistivity of dry buffer tape samples gradually increases with time in the process of ablation,accompanied with the transient surge of current and the plunge of voltage. While the AC volume resistivity of wet buffer tape samples gradually decreases with time. Moreover,a decrease of AC volume resistivity occurs to the buffer tape samples after the water absorption. With the increase of pressure from 1.09 kPa to 5.45 kPa,a decrease of volume resistivity occurs to both the dry and wet buffer tape samples. Combined with the results of stimulated ablation experiments and the micromorphology of buffer tape,the effect mechanisms of the pressure and moisture on the conductive property of buffer tape are explained.

Abstract Background Previous clinical data have shown that raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) with fewer drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse events (AEs) is a good regimen in patients with HIV infection who need cancer chemotherapy. There are currently few data on ART regimens that include Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) other than RAL among this patient subgroup. Methods We evaluated the safety and efficacy of different kinds of INSTI-based regimens among patients with HIV and concomitant colorectal cancer (CRC) who received antineoplastic agents. Results From January 2020 to November 2021, 66 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups: 20 patients treated with dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine (3TC)/tenofovir (TDF) (group I), 24 patients treated with DTG/albuvirtide (ABT) (group II), and 22 patients treated with bictegravir (BIC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/emtricitabine (FTC) (group III). The majority of AEs during treatment were of grade 1–2. Treatment‐related AEs of grade 3–4 occurred in 6 patients (9.09%), and no grade 5 AEs occurred. The most common AEs were nausea (100%) and neutrophils (84.85%) attributed to anticancer agents, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of these AEs among the three groups (P > 0.05). Viral load rebound was not observed among pretreated patients during chemotherapy. The viral load of untreated patients who started their ART concomitant with chemotherapy almost decreased to the lower limit of detection 6 months after ART initiation (only one patient in group III had a viral load of 102 copies/ml). At the 6th month, the CD4 count in group I decreased significantly from baseline (P

The smart grid optimizes traditional power grids and provides more intelligent services for end users and utilities. However, due to the large number of unsafe devices in the smart grid, there are corresponding risks when implementing relevant solutions on these devices. Therefore, in this article, a security demand response management scheme based on blockchain is proposed to safely make energy trading decisions, thereby realizing the management of the overall load of users in the power grid. In this scheme, the miner node is the verifier. These nodes are responsible for verifying energy transactions in the smart grid (SG) and adding corresponding blocks to the blockchain. Successful energy transactions only occur in blocks in the blockchain. Here, the proposed method is validated through experiments on electric vehicles. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in demand response management.

Objective To investigate if in-clinic measures of physical function and real-world measures of physical behavior and mobility effort are associated with one another and to determine if they predict future hospitalization in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods In this secondary analysis, novel real-world measures of physical behavior and mobility effort, including the best 6-minute step count (B6SC), were derived from passively collected data from a thigh worn actigraphy sensor and compared to traditional in-clinic measures of physical function (e.g. 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Hospitalization status during 2 years of follow-up was determined from electronic health records. Correlation analyses were used to compare measures and Cox Regression analysis was used to compare measures with hospitalization. Results One hundred and six participants were studied (69 ± 13 years, 43% women). Mean ± SD baseline measures for 6MWT was 386 ± 66 m and B6SC was 524 ± 125 steps. Forty-four hospitalization events over 224 years of total follow-up occurred. Good separation was achieved for tertiles of 6MWT, B6SC and steps/day for hospitalization events. This pattern persisted in models adjusted for demographics (6MWT: HR = 0.63 95% CI 0.43–0.93, B6SC: HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–1.02 and steps/day: HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.50–1.13) and further adjusted for morbidities (6MWT: HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.35–0.84, B6SC: HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–1.00 and steps/day: HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.43–1.09). Conclusion Digital health technologies can be deployed remotely, passively, and continuously to collect real-world measures of physical behavior and mobility effort that differentiate risk of hospitalization in patients with CKD.

Background & Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or in combination with other ICIs or vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors are therapeutic options in unresectable/metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether antibiotic (ATB) exposure affects outcome remains unclear. Methods: This study retrospectively analysed an FDA database including 4,098 patients receiving ICI (n = 842) either as monotherapy (n = 258) or in combination (n = 584), tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) (n = 1,968), vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors (n = 480), or placebo (n = 808) as part of nine international clinical trials. Exposure to ATB within 30 days before or after treatment initiation was correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) across therapeutic modality before and after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: Of 4,098 patients with unresectable/metastatic HCC, of which 39% were of hepatitis B aetiology and 21% were of hepatitis C aetiology, 83% were males with a median age of 64 years (range 18–88), a European Collaborative Oncology Group performance status of 0 (60%), and Child–Pugh A class (98%). Overall, ATB exposure (n = 620, 15%) was associated with shorter median PFS (3.6 months in ATB-exposed vs. 4.2 months; hazard ratio [HR] 1.29; 95% CI 1.22, 1.36) and OS (8.7 months in ATB-exposed vs. 10.6 months; HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.29, 1.43). In IPTW analyses, ATB was associated with shorter PFS in patients treated with ICI (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.34, 1.73), TKI (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.19, 1.39), and placebo (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11, 1.37). Similar results were observed in IPTW analyses of OS in patients treated with ICI (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.08, 1.38), TKI (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.30, 1.52), and placebo (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.25, 1.57). Conclusions: Unlike other malignancies where the detrimental effect of ATB may be more prominent in ICI recipients, ATB is associated with worse outcomes in this study across different therapies for HCC including placebo. Whether ATB is causally linked to worse outcomes through disruption of the gut–liver axis remains to be demonstrated in translational studies. Impact and Implications: A growing body of evidence suggests the host microbiome, frequently altered by antibiotic treatment, as an important outcome predictor in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. In this study, we analysed the effects of early antibiotic exposure on outcomes in almost 4,100 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated within nine multicentre clinical trials. Interestingly, early exposure to antibiotic treatment was associated with worse outcomes not only in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors but also in those treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and placebo. This is in contrast to data published in other malignancies, where the detrimental effect of antibiotic treatment may be more prominent in immune checkpoint inhibitor recipients, highlighting the uniqueness of hepatocellular carcinoma given the complex interplay between cirrhosis, cancer, risk of infection, and the pleiotropic effect of molecular therapies for this disease.

The performance of plasma-facing materials (PFMs) is one of the key factors that significantly impact the stability of operation in fusion reactors. Herein, a new CrMoTaWV/W (high entropy alloy (HEA)/W) multilayer structure is designed as PFM to investigate its resistance to He plasma irradiation. It was observed that the introduction of the interfaces effectively absorbed plenty of He atoms, preventing them from diffusing into the material and delaying the formation of fuzz incubation zone, therefore, enhancing the resistance to plasma irradiation. The thickness transformed to fuzz in the HEA/W multilayer films was observed to be about two-thirds of those in the CrMoTaWV (HEA) film. Additionally, the fuzz growth rates in HEA/W multilayer films are lower than the average growth rate of bulk W and HEA films combined. These findings highlight a promising new avenue for the exploration of high-performance PFMs.

C22H28OS, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.7729(3) Å, b = 17.3973(6) Å, c = 16.6277(6) Å, β = 92.380(3)°, V = 1957.55(13) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.041, wR ref(F 2) = 0.100, T = 90 K.

Abstract. Objective:. Microchannels are associated with the progression of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques. However, in patients with culprit optical coherence tomography (OCT)-defined plaque erosion, the knowledge of microchannels and culprit lesion vulnerability is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate culprit lesion characteristics in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) caused by plaque erosion with and without microchannels using OCT. Methods:. In all, 348 STEMI patients with plaque erosion who underwent OCT of the culprit lesion at the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Harbin, China) from August 2014 to December 2017 were included and divided into the microchannel group (n = 116, 33.3%) and no-microchannel group (n = 232, 66.7%). The clinical characteristics and OCT-derived plaque features were compared between both groups. Results:. Among the 348 STEMI patients with plaque erosion, culprit lesions with microchannels had higher incidence of lipid plaque (59.5% vs. 45.3%, P = 0.012); calcification (41.4% vs. 24.6%, P = 0.002); spotty calcification (30.2% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.014); macrophages accumulation (72.4% vs. 45.7%, P

In order to effectively detect latent insulation faults at oil-filled cable terminals， the finite element analysis method of acoustic field is used to study the characteristics of partial discharge acoustic field distribution at oil-filled cable terminals， and the method of using fiber optic F-P （Fabry-Perot） sensors to detect partial discharge of terminal liquid-solid composite insulation is proposed. The method uses a typical electrode model to simulate the partial discharge fault of liquid-solid composite insulation， employs F-P sensors with different intrinsic frequencies and piezoelectric ceramic sensors to jointly detect the partial discharge acoustic signal， and analyzes the frequency distribution characteristics of the partial discharge acoustic emission of liquid-solid composite medium. The results show that： the partial discharge acoustic wave of the insulation inside the oil-filled cable terminal can propagate along the high modulus solid and form a strong acoustic field area which is favorable to the detection of the fiber optic F-P sensor； the typical liquid-solid insulation partial discharge ultrasonic wave frequency is rich in the range of 40~180 kHz. Clarifying the distribution range and frequency characteristics of partial discharge sound field in oil-filled cable terminals can effectively improve the sensitivity of partial discharge detection and increase the success rate of partial discharge detection.

Objective: This study aimed to help with strengthening the monitoring of antiviral drug residues in animal-derived sports nutrition products. Methods: A method for determining the residues of 9 kinds of antiviral drugs in animal-derived sports nutrition was established, by using hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted by 1% acetic acid-acetonitrile and purified by PRiME HLB column. The mobile phase system of acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.1% formic acid) was separated by Sielc Obelisc R column in gradient elution mode to achieve the separation of nine target components. Results: The 9 kinds of antiviral drugs fractions had good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.1~20.0 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 0.1~0.5 μg/kg, with the limit of quantification of 0.3~1.5 μg/kg and the spiked recovery of 82.3%~95.7%, and the relative standard deviation was 3.2%~5.9% (n=5). Conclusion: The test method can meet the detection requirements of the residues of 9 kinds of antiviral drugs in the animal-derived sports nutrition.