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In this work, we develop a fluidic laser beam shaper based on the thermal lens effect in MoS2 suspensions. It is demonstrated that another weak unfocused Gaussian beam (probe beam) is transformed into an annular beam due to the thermal lens effect resulting from a strong focused Gaussian beam (pump beam). The time evolution of the generated annular beam is studied, and the result shows that the annular beam exhibits asymmetric caused by heat convection with the high pump beam power. In addition, the tunability of the generated annular beam is investigated. Furthermore, the optical trapping of micro-sized particles in air using the annular beam is researched. It is found that this method exhibits stable performance capture for 3 h. The advantages of adjustable size, flexible setup and low cost of annular beam generated method are significant for lots of laser applications, such as optical trapping, optical imaging and laser machining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a prevalent inflammatory skin disease, is elicited upon repeated skin contact with protein-reactive chemicals through a complex and poorly characterized cellular network between immune cells and skin resident cells. Here, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the murine hapten-elicited model of ACD reveals that upon elicitation of ACD, infiltrated CD4 + or CD8 + lymphocytes were primarily the IFNγ-producing type 1 central memory phenotype. In contrast, type 2 cytokines (IL4 and IL13) were dominantly expressed by basophils, IL17A was primarily expressed by δγ T cells, and IL1β was identified as the primary cytokine expressed by activated neutrophils/monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, analysis of skin resident cells identified a sub-cluster of dermal fibroblasts with preadipocyte signature as a prominent target for IFNγ + lymphocytes and dermal source for key T cell chemokines CXCL9/10. IFNγ treatment shifted dermal fibroblasts from collagen-producing to CXCL9/10-producing, which promoted T cell polarization toward the type-1 phenotype through a CXCR3-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, targeted deletion of Ifngr1 in dermal fibroblasts in mice reduced Cxcl9/10 expression, dermal infiltration of CD8 + T cell, and alleviated ACD inflammation in mice. Finally, we showed that IFNγ + CD8 + T cells and CXCL10-producing dermal fibroblasts co-enriched in the dermis of human ACD skin. Together, our results define the cell type-specific immune responses in ACD, and recognize an indispensable role of dermal fibroblasts in shaping the development of type-1 skin inflammation through the IFNGR-CXCR3 signaling circuit during ACD pathogenesis., Competing Interests: YL, MY, SW, SH, YY, JH, ZG, CJ, WL, LZ No competing interests declared, XM Xiaoting Mao is affiliated with Zhejiang Yangshengtang Institute of Natural Medication Co., Ltd. The author has no other competing interests to declare, SW Shuangping Wei is affiliated with Zhejiang Yangshengtang Institute of Natural Medication Co., Ltd. and Yang Sheng Tang (Anji) Cosmetics Co., Ltd. The author has no other competing interests to declare, CL Chuan Li is affiliated with Zhejiang Yangshengtang Institute of Natural Medication Co., Ltd. The author has no other competing interests to declare, LH Liu Hu is affiliated with Zhejiang Yangshengtang Institute of Natural Medication Co., Ltd. The author has no other competing interests to declare, (© 2024, Liu, Yin, Mao et al.)