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To address the problem that unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) face complex time-varying fading channels, which could affect wireless transmission, a joint optimization problem of UAV's trajectory, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) phase shift, offloading slot allocation, CPU frequency allocation, and user equipment transmission power was constructed. In order to solve the constructed problem, the stability constraints of UE and UAV task queues were transformed, and the multi-timeslot stochastic optimization problem was transformed into a deterministic optimization problem for each time slot. A JORL optimization method based on Lyapunov optimization and block coordinate descent (BCD) method was proposed. Firstly, the phase shift of RIS was solved based on the triangle inequality and the closure expression was obtained. Then the technology of transforming the non-convex into the convex problem was used to solve the offloading slot allocation, CPU frequency allocation and user equipment transmission power. Finally, the trajectory of UAV was solved based on successive convex approximation (SCA) method. Simulation results show that JORL has better performance in ensuring queue stability and reducing energy consumption.

As the toxic mercury ions (Hg2+) widely present in rivers and soil threaten human health, it is essential to develop various methods to detect and monitor Hg2+. At present, increasing numbers of nanozymes with peroxidase-like or oxidase-like activity have been exploited to develop the colorimetric detection of Hg2+. However, research on the electrochemical detection of Hg2+ by nanozymes is still rarely reported. Herein, on the basis of our previous research on palladium-based nanozymes with oxidase-like activity, graphene and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were electrochemically deposited on the electrode surface. Then, the enhancement effect of palladium–mercury binding on the oxidase-like activity of electrodeposited PdNPs was studied for the first time. Moreover, it was found that only Hg2+ can enhance the catalytic oxidation of TMB compared to other common metal ions. Based on these properties, a highly selective, convenient and eco-friendly electrochemical Hg2+ sensor has been successfully developed, which has a wide linear range of 1.0–40 μM and a low LOD of 0.33 μM. Additionally, the proposed method shows acceptable recovery in real sample tests, indicating promising prospects in the field test and water pollution monitoring of Hg2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong judicial support is an important guarantee for a country's environment to achieve good governance. This paper utilizes a multi-period difference-in-differences approach to examine the impact of environmental justice reform, represented by environmental tribunals, on corporate green innovation and its underlying mechanisms. It is found that environmental courts can effectively promote green innovation in enterprises, and their effect on "substantive green innovation" is more significant than that on "strategic green innovation". The environmental court is divided into the environmental resources trial court and the environmental resources panel court, and the trial court has a more pronounced effect on promoting corporate green innovation than the environmental resources panel court. The establishment of environmental protection courts can improve the efficiency of regional environmental justice, enhance the government's awareness of environmental protection, and increase the cost of illegal activities by enterprises, thereby promoting corporate green innovation. The promotion effect of environmental courts on corporate green innovation is more significant in regions with non-state-owned enterprises, better legal environments, and lower levels of industry competition. The main findings still hold after considering robustness tests, such as the endogeneity of environmental court establishment. The study suggests that environmental judicial specialization has a positive impact on corporate green innovation, and that the reform of environmental judicial specialization should be continuously deepened to provide useful insights for the construction of the ecological rule of law and the green transformation of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the robust control problem of the speed tension and screw down system of Reversible Cold Strip Rolling Mill (RCSRM). A finite-time observer is proposed to observe the uncertainties of the system. Based on the finite time observer, a fractional-order backstepping sliding mode controller is designed for each sub-system of the speed tension and screw down system of RCSRM. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the main parameters of the designed controller. By Lyapunov stability, the tracking error of the system can converge to the neighbourhood of the equilibrium point in a finite time. Finally, simulation research is carried out on the actual data of a 1422 mm RCSRM, and the effectiveness of the designed controller is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacteria represent a prevalent category of photosynthetic autotrophs capable of generating deleterious algal blooms, commonly known as cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs). These blooms often produce cyanotoxins, which pose risks to public health and ecosystems by contaminating surface waters and drinking water sources. Traditional treatment methods have limited effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new approach to effectively manage cyanoHABs. One promising approach is the use of cyanophages, which are viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria. Cyanophages serve as an effective biological control method for reducing cyanoHABs in aquatic systems. By engineering cyanophages, it is possible to develop a highly specific control strategy that minimally impacts non-target species and their propagation in the environment. This review explores the potential application of cyanophages as a strategy for controlling cyanoHABs. It includes the identification and isolation of broad-spectrum and novel cyanophages, with a specific focus on freshwater Microcystis cyanophages, highlighting their broad spectrum and high efficiency. Additionally, recent advancements in cyanophage engineering are discussed, including genome modification, functional gene identification, and the construction of artificial cyanophages. Furthermore, the current state of application is addressed. Cyanophage is a promising control strategy for effectively managing cyanoHABs in aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice planthoppers, including Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, and Laodelphax striatellus, are major agricultural pests. Serpins, which function as serine protease inhibitors, play a pivotal role in the immune systems of these insects, especially within the Toll signaling pathway and the prophenoloxidase (PPO) cascade. This study presents a comparative analysis of serpin genes among these species, highlighting their roles in immunity and development. Utilizing genomic and bioinformatics approaches, we identified 11, 11, and 14 serpin genes in N. lugens, S. furcifera, and L. striatellus, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close evolutionary relationship between these serpin genes and Bombyx mori BmSerpins, emphasizing the functional diversity of the serpin family. Structural analysis confirmed the presence of the reactive center loop (RCL) in all serpin proteins, with the Serpin7 subfamily showing a unique dual RCL configuration. Expression profiling showed species-specific serpin expression patterns across different life stages and adult tissues. Moreover, transcriptional analysis of serpin genes in the three planthoppers following Metarhizium infection uncovered distinct immune regulatory patterns two days post-infection. Notably, the expression of NlSerpin2-2/6, SfSerpin4/6/7-1, and LsSerpin4/5-2/6 was upregulated post-infection, potentially enhancing antifungal capabilities. In contrast, the expressions of NlSerpin1/7-1/9 and LsSerpin1/2/3/8/13 were downregulated, possibly suppressing immune responses. Moreover, Serpin6s, which share a conserved phylogenetic lineage, exhibited enhanced immune activity in response to fungal invasion. These insights into serpin-mediated immune regulation could contribute to the development of novel pest-control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a photochemical reaction of silyl enol ethers with iminoiodinanes. This aza Rubottom reaction provides a direct access towards α-amino carbonyl compounds under catalyst free reaction conditions with light as the sole source of energy. Control experiments suggest the participation of triplet nitrene intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) cause health and environmental effects worldwide. Cyanophage is a virus that exclusively infects cyanobacteria. Using cyanophages to control blooms is the latest biological control method. However, little research on the genomics of cyanophages and the presence of numerous proteins with unidentified functions in cyanophage genomes pose challenges for their practical application and comprehensive investigation. We selected the broad-spectrum and efficient cyanophage YongM for our study. On the one hand, through rational analysis, we analyze essential genes, establish the minimal cyanophage genome and single essential gene modules, and examine the impact of essential modules on growth. Additionally, we conducted ultraviolet mutagenesis on YongM to generate more efficient cyanophages' critical modules through random mutagenesis. Then, we sequenced and analyzed the functionality of the mutational gene modules. These findings highlight several gene modules that contribute to a deeper understanding of the functional components within cyanophage genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]