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The catalytic applications of micron Cu powder are limited due to its large particle size and small specific surface area. Modifying micro-Cu powder to achieve a high catalytic performance is a challenge in the application of micron copper. In this work, micro-Cu was used to synthesize a CeO2–Cu catalyst, and the phase composition and surface pore structure were analyzed using XRD, BET, etc. The CO2 hydrogenation performance of the CeO2–Cu catalyst was analyzed in comparison with CeO2 and Cu, and we found that the CeO2–Cu catalyst exhibited a synergistic effect between Cu and cerium, resulting in a much higher hydrogenation performance at 500 °C than CeO2 or Cu alone. H2-TPR and TEM characterization revealed that the CeO2–Cu catalyst formed interfacial interactions with a relatively large Ce–Cu interface, where cerium oxide could promote the reduction of CuO and lower the reduction temperature. Additionally, cerium oxide formed a confinement structure for Cu, and the CeO2–Cu catalyst exhibited a higher oxygen vacancy concentration, thereby promoting the CO2 hydrogenation performance. Cu–CeO2 interaction provides valuable insights into the catalytic application of micron Cu powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the altermagnetic materials with spin splitting effect (SSE), have drawn significant attention due to their potential to the flexible control of the spin polarization by the Néel vector. Here, the direct and inverse altermagnetic SSE (ASSE) in the (101)‐oriented RuO2 film with the tilted Néel vector are reported. First, the spin torque along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axis is detected from the spin torque‐induced ferromagnetic resonance (ST‐FMR), and the z‐spin torque emerges when the electric current is along the [010] direction, showing the anisotropic spin splitting of RuO2. Further, the current‐induced modulation of damping is used to quantify the damping‐like torque efficiency (ξDL) in RuO2/Py, and an anisotropic ξDL is obtained and maximized for the current along the [010] direction, which increases with the reduction of the temperature, indicating the present of ASSE. Next, by way of spin pumping measurement, the inverse altermagnetic spin splitting effect (IASSE) is studied, which also shows a crystal direction‐dependent anisotropic behavior and temperature‐dependent behavior. This work gives a comprehensive study of the direct and inverse ASSE effects in the altermagnetic RuO2, inspiring future altermagnetic materials and devices with flexible control of spin polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the altermagnetic materials with spin splitting effect (SSE), have drawn significant attention due to their potential to the flexible control of the spin polarization by the Néel vector. Here, the direct and inverse altermagnetic SSE (ASSE) in the (101)‐oriented RuO2 film with the tilted Néel vector are reported. First, the spin torque along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axis is detected from the spin torque‐induced ferromagnetic resonance (ST‐FMR), and the z‐spin torque emerges when the electric current is along the [010] direction, showing the anisotropic spin splitting of RuO2. Further, the current‐induced modulation of damping is used to quantify the damping‐like torque efficiency (ξDL) in RuO2/Py, and an anisotropic ξDL is obtained and maximized for the current along the [010] direction, which increases with the reduction of the temperature, indicating the present of ASSE. Next, by way of spin pumping measurement, the inverse altermagnetic spin splitting effect (IASSE) is studied, which also shows a crystal direction‐dependent anisotropic behavior and temperature‐dependent behavior. This work gives a comprehensive study of the direct and inverse ASSE effects in the altermagnetic RuO2, inspiring future altermagnetic materials and devices with flexible control of spin polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distance classifier ensemble method based on Intra-class and Inter-class Scatter is proposed in this paper. By Bootstrap technology, the training samples are sampled repeatedly to generate several subsample set, define Intra-class and Inter-class Scatter matrix with subsample set, train subsample set with scatter matrix, generate individual classifier. In the classifier ensemble, the results are integrated with the relative majority voting method. Experiment is tested on UCI standard database, the experimental results show that the proposed ensemble method based on Intra-class and Inter-class Scatter for distance classifier is effective, and it is superior to other methods in classification performance.

Constant technology control has been widely used in modern agriculture and industry and daily life, control performance affects the safety, the industry productivity and product quality. Based on MATLAB/Simulink software, take the electric kettle as the control object, the simulation model of constant temperature control system is proposed in the paper, the PID controller is used to calibrate the system, and realize constant temperature control of electric kettle. The simulation results show that the PID controller is used to control temperature, which reduces the time of overshooting and adjusting, improves the control accuracy and system reliability, and has practical reference value.

In this study, proanthocyanidins-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The prepared Fe3O4 nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), physical property measurement system (PPMS), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). FTIR results indicated that the obtained products were coated with proanthocyanidins. The SEM and TEM results, as well as particle size distribution analysis, revealed that the obtained products were spherical particles with average diameter of 3 2 8. 6 2 ± 2 6. 7 5 nm. XRD and PPMS characterization confirmed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles have a cubic spinel structure with magnetic properties. The performance of the Fe3O4 nanocomposites for removing organic dyes in an aqueous solution was investigated. The synthesized products were found to be effective on removing various organic dyes, such as Methylene blue (MB), neutral red (NR) and Rhodamine B (RhB), indicating their considerable potential as efficient dyes adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Proanthocyanidins-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The obtained Fe3O4 nanocomposites can efficiently remove the organic dyes in an aqueous solution. Proanthocyanidins-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites had the potential to be developed as efficient dyes adsorbents for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]