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Canada's National Forest Inventory (NFI) sampling program is designed to support reporting on forests at the national scale. On the other hand, continuous maps of forest attributes are required to support strategic analyses of regional policy and management issues. We have therefore produced maps covering 4.03 x [10.sup.6] [km.sup.2] of inventoried forest area for the 2001 base year using standardised observations from the NFI photo plots (PP) as reference data. We used the k nearest neighbours (kNN) method with 26 geospatial data layers including MODIS spectral data and climatic and topographic variables to produce maps of 127 forest attributes at a 250 x 250 m resolution. The stand-level attributes include land cover, structure, and tree species relative abundance. In this article, we report only on total live aboveground tree biomass, with all other attributes covered in the supplementary data (http://nrcresearchpress.com/doi/suppl/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0401). In general, deviations in predicted pixel-level values from those in a PP validation set are greater in mountainous regions and in areas with either low biomass or sparse PP sampling. Predicted pixel-level values are overestimated at small observed values and underestimated at large ones. Accuracy measures are improved through the spatial aggregation of pixels to 1 [km.sup.2] and beyond. Overall, these new products provide unique baseline information for strategic-level analyses of forests (https://nfi.nfis.org). Key words: nonparametric method, remote sensing, boreal forest, stand attribute, biomass, composition, national baseline inventory. L'Inventaire forestier national (IFN) du Canada est un programme d'echantillonnage concu pour appuyer la production de rapports sur les forets a l'echelle nationale. D'autre part, les cartes continues d'attributs forestiers sont necessaires pour appuyer les analyses strategiques des problematiques regionales de politique et d'amenagement. Nous avons donc produit des cartes couvrant 4,03 x [10.sup.6] [km.sup.2] de surface forestiere inventoriee en 2001 a partir d'observations normalisees provenant des placettes photos de l'IFN utilisees comme donnees de reference. Nous avons utilise la methode des k plus proches voisins (kNN) avec 26 couches de donnees geospatiales, y compris les donnees spectrales MODIS et les variables climatiques et topographiques, pour produire les cartes de 127 attributs forestiers a une resolution de 250 x 250 m. Les attributs a l'echelle du peuplement comprennent le type de couverture terrestre, la structure et l'abondance relative des especes d'arbres. Dans cet article, nous rapportons seulement la biomasse totale aerienne et vivante des arbres. Tous les autres attributs abordes sont presentes dans la section materiel supplementaire (http://nrcresearchpress.com/doi/suppl/10.1139/cjfr- 2013-0401). En general, les ecarts des valeurs predites a l'echelle du pixel par rapport a celles des placettes photos de validation, sont plus importants dans les regions montagneuses et dans les zones ou, soit la biomasse, soit le taux d'echantillonnage de placettes photos est faible. Les valeurs predites a l'echelle du pixel sont surestimees lorsque les valeurs observees sont petites et sous-estimees lorsqu'elles sont grandes. Les mesures de precision sont ameliorees grace a l'agregation spatiale des pixels sur 1 [km.sup.2] et plus. Dans l'ensemble, ces nouveaux produits fournissent des informations de base uniques pour les analyses strategiques des forets (https://nfi.nfis.org). [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: methode non parametrique, teledetection, foret boreale, attribut de peuplement, biomasse, composition, inventaire national de reference., Introduction Canada's forests and wooded lands cover 40% of its territory and constitute one-tenth of the world's forest area (National Forest Inventory 2010). Provincial and territorial governments are responsible for [...]

Strain relaxation was studied in In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs quantum-well structures.

A mathematical model of arc behavior in an [SF.sub.6] puffer gas-blast circuit breaker in the high current phase was reported in a previous paper [1]. This model is extended to the current zero region by solving the full partial differential arc conservation equations taking account of both turbulent and radiation effects. The critical RRRV for the breaker can therefore be calculated based on the whole arcing history. The predicted values are compared with the experimental results of Noeske et al. [2], and good agreement is found providing that the free parameter in the turbulence model is set appropriately. Results for temperature, electric field, and velocity are also presented and analyzed. Index Terms - Arc model, current zero region, puffer circuit breaker.

The effects of low-temperature (210[degrees]C-290[degrees]C) annealing on the microstructure, lattice constant, and magnetic properties of [([In.sub.0.52] [Al.sub.0.48]).sub.0.91] [Mn.sub.0.09] As grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy were studied. The results show that low-temperature annealing has little influence on the crystalline structure and interface quality of [([In.sub.0.52][Al.sub.0.48]).sub.0.91][Mn.sub.0.09] As epilayer. In contrast, both the lattice constant and Curie temperature of [([In.sub.0.52][Al.sub.0.48]).sub.0.91][Mn.sub.0.09] As are found to be strongly dependent on the annealing temperature. The lattice constant linearly decreases with increasing annealing temperature; while the Curie temperature increases with increasing annealing temperature up to 250[degrees]C, and then abruptly decreases upon further annealed at 270[degrees]C and 290[degrees]C. Index Terms--Diluted magnetic semiconductor, (In, Al, Mn)As, spintronics, low-temperature annealing, magnetic properties.

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays a very important role in facilitating the replication of many viruses. Until now, little has been known about the role of Hsp90 in Bombyx mori virus infection. In this study, we explored the role of BmHsp90 in B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) replication. We found that BmHsp90 inhibition by geldanamycin (GA) significantly reduced the BmNPV titre, the protein expression level of BmNPV nucleocapsid protein 39 (VP39) and the transcript level of BmNPV genes. Silencing the hsp90 gene in BmN cells by small interfering RNA suppressed BmNPV replication whereas overexpression of hsp90 promoted the replication of BmNPV. After inhibition of Hsp90, the expression of three key genes [signal transducing activator of transcription (stat), suppressor of cytokine signalling protein 2 (socs2), socs6] involved in the Janus kinase/STAT pathway significantly changed, with up‐regulation of stat and down‐regulation of socs2 and socs6. In addition, the expression of two antiapoptosis genes, BmNPV inhibitor of apoptosis protein1 (BmNPV‐iap1) and Bmiap2, was greatly decreased in GA‐treated cells, whereas their expression was significantly increased in hsp90‐overexpressed silkworm larvae. Our results indicated that inhibition of Hsp90 can suppress BmNPV proliferation in B. mori. Our findings may provide new clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of silkworm–virus interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study a class of rpp semigroups, namely the perfect fpp semigroups. We obtain some characterization theorems for such semigroups. In particular, the spined product structure of perfect rpp semigroups is established. As an application of spined product structure, we prove that a perfect rpp semigroup is a strong semilattice of left cancellative planks. By a left cancellative plank, we mean a product of a left cancellative monoid and a rectangular band. Thus, the work of J.B. Fountain on C-rpp semigroups is further developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports the mathematical model of arc behavior in an standard frequency (SF)6 puffer gas-blast circuit breaker in the high current phase. Governing equations and the numerical methods; Numerical solutions of the full partial differential conservation equations governing arc behavior; Conclusion.

The carrier distribution and defects have been investigated in InAs/GaAs quantum dots by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), capacitance-voltage, and deep level transient spectroscopy. Carrier confinement is found for 1.1- and 2.3-monolayer-(ML)-thick InAs samples. For 2.3 ML sample, XTEM images show the presence of defect-free self-assembled quantum dots. With further increase of the InAs thickness to 3.4 ML, significant carrier depletion caused by the relaxation is observed. In contrast to 1.1 and 2.3 ML samples in which no traps are detected, two broad traps and three discrete traps at 0.54, 0.40, and 0.34 eV are observed in 3.4 ML sample. The traps at 0.54 and 0.34 eV are found to be similar to the traps observed in relaxed In[sub 0.2]Ga[sub 0.8]As/GaAs single quantum well structures. By comparing with the XTEM images, the trap at 0.54 eV is identified to be the relaxation-induced dislocation trap in the GaAs layer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]